Cultural History

In the mid-1930s the amateur French ethnographer and filmmaker Bernard de Colmont ventured into the mountainous state of Chiapas to study the Lacandón people and broadcast their way of life to a curious European public. Considered a “lost tribe,” the Lacandón were thought to be the closest living relatives of the ancient Maya.

De Colmont became a celebrity explorer whose adventures generated considerable attention. The Lacandón themselves, however, were silenced in his tale. Nearly a century later, Richard Ivan Jobs and Steven Van Wolputte have taken up this story in all its complexity, creating a graphic history from de Colmont’s narratives and images in the form of a heroic adventure comic. An essay contextualizing and historicizing the tale follows, as does an evocative, reflective poem by Tsotsil writer Manuel Bolom Pale, which offers an Indigenous perspective on the encounter. A captivating experiment in form, the book puts an immersive new spin on studying the past.

In the Land of the Lacandón illuminates de Colmont’s expedition against the backdrop of late imperialism on the eve of the Second World War in Europe. It investigates the history of exploration, science, and media, revealing how these narratives represented and constructed Indigenous Peoples for the public - and how such representations continue to resonate.

¿Es la bruja caníbal del imaginario renacentista un monstruo interno o externo a la comunidad cristiana que la fabrica y que la persigue, que la inventa pero para aniquilarla? La peculiaridad de la mitología brujeril temprano-moderna es, precisamente, su carácter bifronte. Por su brutal ruptura con la comunidad de creyentes, por su recalcitrante rechazo del bautismo y de la eucaristía, por su apostasía e idolatría contumaces, por el listado extenso de crímenes innombrables que protagonizaban en el sabbat –desde el incesto hasta la sodomía pasando por el infanticidio y la antropofagia– los brujos y brujas se extrañaban voluntariamente de la comunidad sagrada en cuyo seno habían nacido, erigiéndose como una sociedad radicalmente distinta, un pueblo bárbaro y exótico. Pero al mismo tiempo esta nación diabólica que se extranjerizaba y alienaba de sus vecinos se encontraba instalada en el seno mismo del Viejo Mundo. Fue así que el imaginario del sabbat extrajo al caníbal de las lejanas estepas asiáticas, de las distantes selvas africanas y de las inalcanzables forestas americanas para instalarlo potencialmente en cada pueblo o urbe de la Cristiandad en la que el diablo había logrado reclutar seguidores para su cruzada maléfica. Desde esta perspectiva, si centramos nuestra atención en la cuestión específica de la ingestión de carne humana proyectada sobre las fantasmáticas comunidades de demonólatras renacentistas, nuevos interrogantes se acumulan. ¿Qué características poseía en Occidente la antropofagia de ficción que el discurso producido por el aparato represivo proyectó sobre los condenados por el crimen de brujería? ¿Qué expresiones del banquete caníbal atribuyeron los tratadistas, los inquisidores y los magistrados civiles a los miembros de la supuesta nueva secta de herejes adoradores del demonio? Las respuestas a estos dilemas deberemos buscarlas en el frondoso corpus de documentos que la caza de brujas produjo en suelo europeo entre las tempranas hogueras del Alto Renacimiento y las otoñales oleadas represivas del Barroco tardío.

The ongoingimpactofthe dehumanising transatlantic slave trade, which took placefrom the 16 th to the 19 th century, can be still felt today. Karen McCarthy Brown reflected on the powerful experience of how the Vodou priestess Mama Lola began to sob when visiting the Door of No Return monument in Ouidah, Benin. Arriving at the beach memorial, she experienced flashback memories of an ancestor passing through the site on the wayt ot he slave ship. By "heating up" the memories of her ancestors, the priestess pulled them from "their place beneatht he waters of forgetting" and restored them.¹ This moment illustrates the significance of Vodou and the other African-derivedr eligions across the Americas as "sites of memory",w hich have helped to challenget he dominating paradigm of "victimization".But how can these memories be overcome? Is healing reallyp ossible? Focusing on African-derivedr eligions such as Haitian Vodou and Brazilian Candomblé, this chapter discusses how religious sites of memoryc an provide aw ay of dealing with thed ehumanization of enslavement in ap ostcolonial world. It follows Aleida Assmann'sa rgument that locations such as monuments and memorials are not sufficientiftheyare not supported by rituals, personalmemories and narratives.² Based on anthropological research conducted among Caribbean communities and in Brazil, the author argues that these religions with their ceremonies and oral traditions helped to maintain cultural BettinaE .S chmidt, DPhil (habil.), PhD,M Ai nc ultural anthropology (Marburg University,G ermany), professor in the study of religions and anthropologyo fr eligion at the

Bedesten, XIV. yüzyılın sonlarında özellikle kumaş ticaretine hizmet etmek amacıyla inşa edilmiş bir ticaret yapısı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Zamanla bedesten, yalnızca kumaş tüccarlarının mallarını depoladıkları bir alan olmanın ötesine geçerek, emanetlerin korunduğu, fiyatların belirlendiği, kalite kontrolünün yapıldığı, çarşı düzeninin denetlendiği ve çeşitli müzayedelerin gerçekleştirildiği çok yönlü bir ticaret merkezi haline gelmiştir. Bu gelişmeye paralel olarak, başlangıçta yalnızca kumaş ticaretiyle sınırlı olan bedestenler, zamanla silah, antika, değerli mücevherler, kokular ve hatta köle ticaretini de içine alan daha geniş bir ticaret alanına dönüşmüştür.
Bu tez, Erken Dönem Osmanlı kentlerinde inşa edilen bedesten yapılarını tarihsel bir perspektifle incelemektedir. Çalışma, bedesten kavramının ayrıntılı bir analizine odaklanarak, bu yapıları diğer ticaret yapılarından ayıran niteliklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, bedestenlerin mimari gelişim süreci ve kökenleri üzerinde durulmuş, bu yapıların şekillenmesinde etkili olan tarihsel, kültürel ve toplumsal faktörler irdelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bedestenlerin fonksiyonel özellikleri, günlük işleyişleri, yapılarda görevli olan personel, tüccarlar ve satılan malların nitelikleri detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmış; bedestenlerin, yalnızca ticari faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirildiği alanlar olmanın ötesinde, dönemin ekonomik, kültürel ve toplumsal yapısını yansıtan önemli merkezler olduğu vurgulanmıştır.

Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Kein Teil des Werkes darf in irgendeiner Form ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. Die Inhalte und die Bildrechte der Beiträge sind von den jeweiligen AutorInnen zu verantworten.

Resumen | en el año de 1820, un autor anónimo envió un artículo al periódico Correo del Orinoco, donde analizó y ponderó los alcances de una serie de cartas escritas en 1818 por el capitán Pablo Morillo instando a la gente a formar parte de las filas del ejército realista, especialmente, a personas provenientes de los sectores subalternos del sistema estamental colonial, pero que creyesen firmemente en la defensa de la causa del rey borbónico. El valor de esta comunicación radica en que intensificó la tensión de los debates atizados por el abate francés Dominique-Georges-Frédéric Dufour de Pradt, así como por otros pensadores europeos e hispanoamericanos-hombres de acción o de letras-que discutían los conceptos de libertad, emancipación, ciudadanía o pueblo al calor del emergente pensamiento liberal que se tornaba cada vez más dominante. En este escenario, contar con la mirada de una persona anónima, nos permite indagar desde otro ángulo las relaciones problemáticas entre los sectores dominantes y los dominados en el contexto de cambio de las Independencias hispanoamericanas. Palabras clave | independencia; pueblo; ciudadanía; sectores subalternos; Pablo Morillo; Venezuela; siglo XIX. Pablo Morillo's Letters to the Subaltern Sectors: a reflection of the "People" on the principle of citizenship in the Venezuelan War of Independence Abstract | in 1820, an anonymous author sent an article to the newspaper Correo del Orinoco, where he analyzed and pondered the scope of a series of letters written in 1818 by Captain Pablo Morillo urging people to join the ranks of the royalist army, especially people coming from the subaltern sectors of the colonial class system, but who firmly believed in the defense of the Bourbon king's cause. The value of this communication lies in the fact that it intensified the tension of the debates stirred up by the French Abbé Dominique-Georges-Frédéric Dufour de Pradt, as well as by other European and Latin American thinkers-men of action or of letters-who discussed the concepts of freedom, emancipation, citizenship or people in the heat of the emerging liberal thought that was becoming more and more dominant. In this scenario, having the viewpoint of an

מחקר זה מוקדש לתיאור של פרק בתולדות ההלכה באירופה הנוצרית של ימי-הביניים. הוא מתאר מושג הלכתי אחד – 'חזקה שאינה פוסקת'. מושג זה 'נולד' בעמק הריין של ראשית המאה ה-13, בתשובה הלכתית אחת ויחידה פרי עטו של ר' שמחה משפיירא. לטענתי, מושג זה מגלה דמיון מפתיע למושגים הרווחים במשפט הכנסייתי באותה תקופה. לו היה מתקבל, הוא היה פוטר את בתי-הדין הרבניים מהצורך לזמן עדי ראייה בכל הליך משפטי. במקום זאת, הוא היה מאפשר להם להסתמך על שלל ראיות קלושות וזמינות בהרבה – שמועות, מוניטין אישיים ומנהגים מקומיים.

Il libro racconta il processo che, a partire dai dati storici reali, ha portato alla costruzione di una leggenda dai tratti particolarissimi, di grande circolazione fino al tardo medioevo e destinata a giungere fino ad oggi con il popolare videogioco Assassin's Creed.

Hajdús in white. The Hajdú towns of Szabolcs and the blockade of Várad 1703–1708

In our study, we seek the answer to the question of how the Szabolcs towns belonging to the central area ruled by the Kurucs participated in the siege around Nagyvárad during the Rákóczi War of Independence. We cannot, and cannot, undertake to, provide a complete presentation of the battles around Várad within the framework of this study. In our paper, we only wish to cover two important aspects: the military services provided by the towns between 1703 and 1708, which were related to the Várad blockade, and the military activities of the Hajdúváros cavalry regiment during the same period, focusing mainly on the Partium region.

Volume 92, no. 2

Archaeometallurgy
Prehistoric Iron Bloomery Debris on a Small Island in Lake Aisetas (Eastern Lithuania) 75–97
by Andra Simniškytė and Aušra Selskienė

Fold, Twist, and Draw – Techniques of Copper Alloy Wire Production from Hellenistic Jebel Khalid 98–120
by Matasha Mazis and Matthias Klein

1600 BC: Fårdrup and Valsømagle-Type Axes and the First Evidence of Southern Alpine Metal 121–163
by Heide W. Nørgaard, Ernst Pernicka and Helle Vandkilde

Non-invasive Archaeometric Studies of Metal Threads with Silk Core Coming from Two Kontush Sashes from the Szczuczyn Excavations in Poland 164–175
by Beata Miazga and Małgorzata Grupa

Metallurgical Characterization of Two 11th–12th Century Single-Bow Shears from Sigtuna, Sweden 176–183
by Andreas Helén, Anders Eliasson and Sebastian K.T.S. Wärmländer

Miscellaneous
Expansion and Abandonment in the South Swedish Uplands: A Study of Late Neolithic Monuments in Göteryd Parish 187–202
by Peter Skoglund, Lars Larsson and Anna Berg

The Globular Amphora Culture in the Eastern Baltic: New Discoveries 203–227
by Gytis Piličiauskas, Raminta Skipitytė, Ester Oras, Alexandre Lucquin, Oliver E. Craig and Harry K. Robson

Baltic Amber in Aššur. Forms and Significance of Amber Exchange between Europe and the Middle East, c. 2000–1300 BC 228–243
by Jan-Heinrich Bunnefeld, Jörg Becker, Lutz Martin, Regine-Ricarda Pausewein, Stefan Simon and Harald Meller

The Management of Drinking Water in Trondheim from 950 to 1777 as a Source of Changing Attitudes toward Health 244–276
by Elisabeth Forrestad Swensen, Roos M.R. van Oosten and Axel Christophersen

Aphidna’s Prehistoric Tumulus in North Attica from around 2000 BC. A Comprehensive Re-assessment of Sam Wide’s 1894 Excavation 277–331
by Maria Hielte

The 1947 National Eisteddfod Council delegation from Wales to Brittany represents a highly unusual historical instance of the French state requesting an international delegation from a non-state nation to investigate France’s treatment of a linguistic minority within its main borders, and their linguistic, cultural as well as human rights. This case study examines the nature of these centre–periphery relations oscillating between paradiplomacy and propaganda, and explores how the battle to influence public narratives surrounding the visit was played out in the press in France and Great Britain before the delegation’s arrival in Brittany, and in its multilingual report after its return.

Las comunidades que se rigen por el sistema de usos y costumbres en el estado de Oaxaca, se caracterizan por tener diversas prácticas rituales relacionadas con los ritos nupciales, una de ellas es el Baile de la Dote como forma de expresar y corporizar la estructura social del matrimonio. A través del baile y la música se evidencian relaciones complejas entre comunidades para conformar procesos colectivos materiales y simbólicos que dan sustento al consenso popular (se despliegan elementos de representación y de afectividad).
El presente artículo explica el Baile de Dote. Se expone la importancia de los ritos nupciales y relaciones de padrinazgo, posteriormente se hace una breve revisión sobre el tema y se culmina con un estudio etnográfico de los Valles Centrales y la Mixteca Alta de Oaxaca.

Summary.
The brethren Johan and Cornelis de Wyse lived in the town of Breda. John lived from 1636 until 1725, his younger brother Cornelis from 1640 until 1704. John and Cornelis were clever merchants. They spread the risk over different economic sectors. John travelled to Gdansk (Danzig) to buy ingredients for his soap manufacture. They were active everywhere and especially John was an important member of the Breda society. As they were Roman Catholic they could not become a member of the city council. All positions in government were reserved for members of the state protected Reformed Church. Johan married Ida van Rucphen. Her brother was one of the many stewards of the prince of Orange, the lord of Breda and its Barony. The brethren invested the money they did not need for their living mainly in land and farms. As John and Ida realized they would die childless, they decided to found a still existing monastery of Capuchin friars just across the border with the Spanish Netherlands in Meersel-Dreef. They were buried in the church. The relation with the Order of Capuchins was intense and existed until 1797. Cornelis was steward of the monastery Vredenberg (Mount of Peace) situated originally near Breda. Because of the Eighty Years War the nuns had fled to the town of Lier south of Antwerp but they kept their possessions in Breda. The title of the article is 'Doing business across borders'. That was just what the brethren did. The original version of this article has been published in the Yearbook De Oranjeboom (= The Orange Tree), vol. 55 (2002), p. 142-180. It was thoroughly revised in April 2025 and published on academia.edu. Revised edition April 2025.

El presente artículo responde a la necesidad de conocer el estado actual de las investigaciones contemporáneas en el campo temático de las relaciones Cuba-China. El mundo contemporáneo y el contexto de globalización pone a la humanidad en constante interacción y con esto la problemática de las relaciones humanas en los contextos de diversidad cultural. Desde la metodología cualitativa se integraron la revisión bibliográfica, el análisis documental e historiográfico y el enfoque teórico multidimensional. Posteriormente se analizaron los datos recopilados mediante técnicas de codificación inductiva-deductiva asistida por software Atlas.ti; y se relacionaron los datos con los documentos para proceder a visualizar en diagramas de Sankey. Esto resultó en la identificación de las principales temáticas abordadas en la relación China-Cuba y con ellos las teorías que predominan en estos estudios; para continuar con un análisis de aquellas que se pueden aplicar en este tipo de investigaciones, que incluyen las cuestiones de diversidad cultural en interacción.

Con base a la evidencia de la presencia del Yacaré Ñato (Caiman latirostris), en el embalse de Cabra Corral, se procedió a realizar un análisis de las características ambientales del dique, para posteriormente compararlas con las características de las áreas que naturalmente habita esta especie; y finalmente realizar inferencias ecológicas y ecosistémicas sobre la factibilidad de que la misma pueda establecer una población estable y creciente en este embalse.

Galen was the most prolific author in antiquity, having written more than any other ancient figure, with only a third of his work surviving to the present. Despite this, his writings still account for about ten percent of all surviving ancient Greek literature. Renowned as both a physician and a philosopher, we are fortunate to have records of both his medical expertise and philosophical thoughts.

El articulo examina las notas periodisticas sobre la Guerra del Chaco (1932-1935) publicadas por Gonzalez Tunon en el diario Critica(1932) como corresponsal. En ese viaje Tunon ensaya e introduce en su periodismo distintos modos de su labor escrituraria. Con ciertas peculiaridades mas o menos inaugurales, aqui se modula claramente un cierto pasaje en su itinerario literario, profesional y de artista vanguardista y social: el transito en las cronicas hacia el escritor de accion politica, militante y antibelicista. Se analizan los rasgos que en estas cronicas reenvian al poeta comprometido que aparece insistentemente en un tiempo posterior en su produccion y permiten revisar algunas de las formas de lo aprendido y ensayado en su periodismo. Seguidamente, las oscilaciones en la lectura de la guerra de Tunon, su distancia pendular de la propuesta del diario y su acercamiento difuso (con tensiones y diferencias) a algunas de las manifestaciones publicas sobre la Guerra del Chaco realizad...

The panel aims to focus on aural and performative aspects of cultural communication. Music and dance are seen as performative cultural expressions, which act as "face-to face"-communication between different social groups, gendered worlds, social hierarchies, and cultures. Sound and body movements shall be discussed in their specific cultural, religious or socio-political context. It shall be analysed whether or how music and dance can transform concepts of distance into proximity. Are music and dance expressions of cultural creativity or are they rather reproductions of traditional patterns? Special attention shall be given to the question how performative practices are transmitted and how art techniques are related to social values. Papers on social dimensions of music and dance in Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa and South America are welcome.

Este artigo aborda entrevistas orais produzidas com descendentes de refugiados da Segunda Guerra Mundial que vivem no município de Guarapuava, estado do Paraná. Trata-se de membros de um grupo constituído por cerca de 2.500 pessoas, que se identificam como suábios do Danúbio – Donauschwaben –, os quais, no início da década de 1950, imigraram para o Brasil na condição de refugiados de guerra e se estabeleceram no referido município, onde fundaram a colônia Entre Rios. A análise enfoca as narrativas de três netos de imigrantes, nascidos na década de 1970, buscando problematizar como cada um constrói sua história de vida/familiar em relação com narrativas que constroem um determinado sentido histórico para os suábios na Europa e na colônia Entre Rios, e como conectam suas histórias de vida com as experiências de seus avós.Palavras-chave: Suábios do Danúbio, História Oral, história de vida, geração, Colônia Entre Rios.This article is based on oral interviews made with descendants of Wor...

Los libros que aparecen mencionados entre los bienes personales de las mujeres de la nobleza moderna permiten realizar un análisis de sus lecturas y de la creación de bibliotecas personales y familiares. Este trabajo pretende realizar un acercamiento a los textos que formaron parte del universo lector de las damas pertenecientes a diversos linajes aragoneses en la España Moderna con el objetivo de abrir el abanico de fuentes relativas a las lecturas femeninas nobiliarias. Al estudio de los inventarios, se sumará el trabajo sobre las referencias utilizadas por mujeres escritoras en sus obras y los títulos de libros que aludieron a las damas en sus dedicatorias para plantear la relación entre poder y lectura en los conjuntos femeninos de la élite durante los siglos XVII y XVIII.

Il convegno internazionale di studi in occasione del 150° anniversario della prima spedizione missionaria salesiana, organizzato dall'Istituto Storico Salesiano e dall'Università Pontificia Salesiana offre un'analisi approfondita del cammino delle missioni salesiane. Attraverso una serie di relazioni, si esplorano le evoluzioni delle missioni cattoliche dalla fine della Prima Guerra Mondiale fino al Concilio Vaticano II, mettendo in luce i documenti chiave e l'interazione tra missionari e le culture indigene attraverso l'etnografia.

Nel corso del convegno, vengono anche discusse le specifiche missioni salesiane in regioni come Patagonia, Ecuador, Brasile, India, e l'ex Congo Belga, oltre alle sfide educative e missionarie in Africa Meridionale. Ulteriori sessioni approfondiscono il ruolo dei coadiutori salesiani, l’impatto dei missionari fondatori di nuove congregazioni religiose, e l'evoluzione storica delle missioni. L'evento mira a riflettere sul contributo storico e attuale delle missioni salesiane alla chiesa e alla società globale.

This book is perhaps the best overall presentation of the Morisco question in English. The author has succeeded where others have failed in presenting a work simultaneously acceptable to the specialist and ca pable of being read by the cultivated general reader. The specialist will probably not find a better study of the Moriscos, because the author has adopted a comprehensive overall approach. The very complete biblio graphy includes studies of most of the distinguished specialists on the subject, particularly the Spaniards, as they have studied this topic more profoundly than anybody else. The works of non-Spaniard scholars who have made significant contributions to this field, such as Cardaillac of the University of Montpelier and Harvey of the University of London, are also listed. Chejne has further relied on numerous aljamiado manuscripts, which makes his study an important contribution in its own right. The author's clear and simple style, as well as his manner of presentation, will also satisfy the general reader. The issue of the Moriscos remains both fascinating and relevant to our time. Chejne has not examined a specific aspect of the Morisco ques tion, as did Cardaillac in his classical study of the Morisco question's po-

Iran is a land with a rich history in foreign relations. Due to the antiquity of the “Government” institution in Iran and its reliability over the centuries, a rich legacy has emerged in the field of foreign relations of this country with other realms. Despite this, since the rise of the Safavids (early 10th AH/16th AD), Iran's foreign relations also changed and entered a new arena. In the field of research on Iran's foreign relations during the Safavid era, most of the works have focused on Iran's relations with the great neighboring realms or European states (such as the Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Portugal, England, and Netherlands/Dutch), and this issue has caused the lack of attention to Iran's relations with other lands. One of these lesser-known fields is the foreign relations of Safavid Iran with Sweden. Despite the limited perception of the Swedes by Iranians in the pre-Safavid period, Iran's official relations with Sweden were established and flourished during the reign of Safavid Šāh Sulaymān (1666-1694) and Šāh Sulṭān Ḥusayn (1694-1722AD).
  Now the question is, what reasons and motivations made Iranians and Swedes willing to establish relations in the late 17th century? Also, despite some initial successes, why did these relationships remain fruitless? In this article, an attempt has been made to answer the above questions by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and using the qualitative research method. It seems that a set of bilateral economic and political motivations made Iran and Sweden, and especially the Swedes, inclined to establish relations. However, obstacles such as distance, dissatisfaction of rival states and internal and external challenges of the two realms (especially the involvement of Swedes in the “Great Northern War” and the challenge of Safavid court with the Ġilzāyid uprising) caused the mentioned relations to not reach a clear result

Hemos abordado este ano la construccion en colaboracion de una Wiki en el espacio Wikispaces, como experiencia piloto, para proporcionar recursos didacticos para estudiantes y profesores de la asignatura “Filosofia e Historia de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia”, inaugurada este ano en la escuela media con orientacion en Ciencias Naturales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, dictada por algunos miembros del grupo. Buscamos llenar un vacio en materiales de estudio que aborden los contenidos novedosos de la asignatura, a la vez que facilitar la articulacion con Introduccion al Pensamiento Cientifico, asignatura que la mayoria del equipo de trabajo dicta en el CBC. Ademas, como objetivo secundario, apuntamos a diversificar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de las TIC para su implementacion, en una segunda etapa, en nuestra propia asignatura. La decision de elegir la plataforma Wikispaces estuvo basada en la necesidad de contar con material digital, accesible a los estudiantes, nativos digitales,...

DOBOS ISTVAN: Szinmű es regeny viszonya Kosztolanyi eletműveben; TAKACS LASZLO: Odusszeusz utja: Adalekok Kosztolanyi mesejatekanak keletkezestortenetehez; SZILAGYI ZSOFIA: „A kozonseg semmit sem vesz eszre”: (Patalia); BENGI LASZLO: Parbeszed es mertek; GYŐREI ZSOLT: Rimjatek a novellaskotetben: a Csoda a műnemek harmasutjan; DOBAS KATA: Nehany kerdes Kosztolanyi Dezső Kanari cimű darabjaval kapcsolatban; PINTER BORBALA: Mi a szinpad? Kosztolanyi Dezső Dialog cimű verses jeleneteről; PARADI ANDREA: „Az igazi varazslo”: A babjatekos keletkezestorteneteről; ZAKANY TOTH PETER: Szakralizacio es de(es/vagy re)szakralizacio: Kosztolanyi Dezső: Lucifer a katedran; BUCSICS KATALIN: Kosztolanyi Dezső: A kekruhas: A fiatal Kosztolanyi Reviczky-kepehez; HUTVAGNER EVA: „egy lyukas lavor vedelme alatt”: Kosztolanyi Dezső: A lovag meg a kegyence versus Kosztolanyi Dezső A lovag meg a kegyese; VARGA KINGA: Leszarmazasok: Az Edes Anna nehany szinpadi szovegkonyveről: (A Lakatos Laszlo-, a Felkai F...

Muzyka należy do tych elementów wspólnego ukraińsko-polskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego, które rzadziej stają się przedmiotem namysłu badaczy literatury. Tymczasem nawet pobieżny przegląd polsko-ukraińskich związków ujawnia niemałe bogactwo faktów. Przywołajmy niektóre, nie kusząc się nawet o ich systematyzację. Wspomnijmy więc, iż folklor ukraiński, w tym muzyka, jest ważną częścią świata przedstawionego w utworach pisarzy zaliczanych do ukraińskiej szkoły w literaturze polskiego romantyzmu. Warto pamiętać, iż w teatrach i operach ukraińskich w XIX stuleciu występowały polskie zespoły teatralne i operowe, że utwory Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego stały się podstawą librett oper ukraińskich 1 , a Witold Maliszewski założył w Odessie w 1913 roku słynne na całym świecie muzyczne Konserwatorium. Takich wzajemnych oddziaływań, udokumentowanych literacko, na łamach prasy i w archiwach, jest bez liku. Idea więc, by przyjrzeć się roli muzyki w życiu kulturalnym Polaków i Ukraińców, transferom kulturowym w tym zakresie -wydawała i wydaje się naturalna. Badacze zgromadzeni na III Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej z cyklu "Odessa i Morze Czarne. Polskoukraińskie związki kulturowe" 2 podjęli zadanie przyjrzenia się temu dziedzictwu sub specie tematu "Muzyka i opera w polsko-ukraińskim dialogu literackim i kulturowym" (Białystok, 4-5 czerwca 2017 roku). Żartobliwie nawiązali zresztą do niezwykłej koincydencji -Opera Odeska znana jest od XIX wieku, zaś otwarta na początku XXI wieku Opera i Filharmonia Podlaska w Białymstoku znajduje się przy ulicynomem omen -Odeskiej 1. Naukowe spotkanie -z udziałem dziekanów uniwersytetów w Odessie i Białymstoku: prof. Evgena Chernoivanenko i niżej podpisanego -zorganizo-1

El artículo se en la configuración del contingente militar insurgente durante la Guerra Civil en Galicia. Un ejército formado de una movilización ciudadana y de un reclutamiento militar que afectó a los varones de entre 18 y 35 años. La primera parte está dedicada al escenario sociopolítico previo, que sirve para entender la actitud que tuvo esa generación a partir del 18 de julio. En el siguiente apartado se presentarán las primeras hipótesis que explican los motivos y como se desarrolló la movilización civil. Finalmente, se expondrá el funcionamiento del sistema de alistamiento militar empleado por el ejército sublevado.

My essay from the dossier “Ottoman and Turkish Theatre and Performance Historiography: Established Trends, New Approaches” that I co-edited with Şeyda Nur Yıldırım for Theatre and Performance Notes and Counternotes in 2020, published recently.

This short article highlights the discovery of a Roman canal in the polder Rijnenburg in Utrecht (NL) in 2024. With an estimated length not much over 1 km, the canal cleverly connected the Rhine with the first active river branch to the south, a forerunner of the Hollandse IJssel. For some time, starting in the mid-first century, Roman army personnel appears to have been active at sites guarding the end-points of the canal, the northern one possibly taking the form of a fortlet. The fieldwork was part of a multidisciplinary survey and assessment of the archaeological potential of a fossile channel-belt immediately south of the Roman frontier along the Old Rhine. This survey produced evidence of dense population in first and second centuries.

ममुण्ड pl. N. of a people, MBh. Rebus: Munda or ordinary iron is of three different kinds, viz. mridu (soft), kuntha (obdurate), and karara (brittle).
1) Mridu or soft is that which melts quickly and has a smooth and glossy surface.
2) Kuntha or obdurate is that which can be expanded with much difficulty by hammering.
3) Karara or brittle iron is that which breaks easily, when hammered, and presents black surfaces when broken.
Of these three, the first is comparatively commendable, the second is of moderate efficacy, and the third is the least efficacious for medicinal purposes.--Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substancesby Bhudeb Mookerjee | 1938 |art 2 - Iron variety (a): Munda (ordinary iron)
Iron produced by smelting is divided into 3: wrought iron (KantaLoha), cast iron (Munda Loha) and carbon steel. (TikshnaLoha).  मुण्ड muṇḍa ‘iron’ -अयसम् iron. -जम् steel. -लोहम् iron (Apte). 

Dirk van Miert discusses the concept and history of the Republic of Letters and the ways patterns of exchange transform over time and rules can precipitate. From the rather informal ‘imagined community’ of the Erasmian Respublica Literaria of the sixteenth century, the Republic
of Letters became a more self-aware community with explicit strategies of gaining authorial recognition by creating scholarly personae. At a systems level, it is not so much the rules themselves that count and have to be maintained, but the system in which rules are linked together, function, and are performed. The processes of regulating the transfer of secrets, doctrines, and information are more important than the contents of those secrets and doctrines. Even when regulating practices precipitate in codified regulations and institutions, rules require use and maintenance to be effective.

"Prominent Books, That Were Imported From The Ukrainian Chernihiv Typography To The Hungarian Kingdom In The 18 Th Century"
Chernihiv was a significant, powerful Principality in the Kyivan Ruś, then a cultural center. From the late 17th century, it was under the role of the Russian Tsardom. The typography of the Troicko-Ilyinsky Monastery was very famous throughout the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. This was the reason why the Monastery of the Basilians in Hungary deliberately bought these books. It proves that Chernihiv's reputation was great in the West. This paper focuses on the sources of the books of the Basilians’ Monastery in Máriapócs, Hungary.
Various Slavic peoples inhabited the former Hungarian Kingdom, and some followed Byzantine-rite Christianity: Serbs were Orthodox, and Transcarpathian Rusyn-Ukrainians were Uniates. The latter had their famous pilgrimage center Mariapócs, in the East part of the country. This monastery and other church book collections were ruined by the communists in the 1950-ies, albeit a significant part of the books were put in the great state libraries, and the research fellow of the Debrecen University Library, Eszter Ojtozi, investigated them and reconstructed the former church collections. Later, after the collapse of the socialist regime, the Byzantine Catholic (Uniate) Theological College was reestablished in the city of Nyíregyháza (East Hungary), and it took care of the collection of old printed Cyrillic Books. Ojtozi published a special monograph on it, too. Later, new investigations still contributed to the descriptions of the items, but no new copy has yet been discovered. Hence, we have learned about four copies of old printed Cyrillic books, printed in Chernihiv and described by E. Ojtozi. They are as follows: 1) Dmytry Rostovsky – Tuptalo, Danila Savvich: Runo oroshennoe prechastaya i predlagosovennaya Děva Mariya… 1702 — 2) Maksimovič, Ioann: Bogorodice Děvo. 1707. — 3) Maksimovič, Ioann: Theatron ili pozor nravouchitelny… 1708.  — 4) Psalter 1761. — The Troitsko-Ilyinsky Monastery published all four books in Chernihiv. These books were purchased here, in Hungary, by the Basilian Monks of the Máriapócs Monastery, as is documented by marginal inscriptions and some other data, too. 
Keywords: Ukraine, Hungary, Book_Migration, Chernihiv, Troitsko-Ilyinsky Monastery.

Stanisław Karłowski (1879–1939) war in den Anfangsjahren der biologisch-dynamischen Landwirtschaft einer der größten Verfechter. Nach einer glanzvollen Karriere als internationaler Bankier erwarb er 1920 das 1.724 Hektar große Gut Szelejewo in Polen. Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) hielt im Sommer 1924 seinen Landwirtschaftlichen Kurs in Koberwitz (heute Kobierzyce, Polen) ab. Rudolf Steiner plädierte dafür, dass die Landwirtschaft auf natürlichen und biologischen Prinzipien basieren und der Hof als Organismus betrachtet werden sollte. Sein bahnbrechender Kurs legte den Grundstein für die spätere Entwicklung der biologisch-dynamischen und ökologischen Landwirtschaft. Stanisław Karłowski kam 1929 mit der Biodynamik in Berührung. Er stellte sein Gut Szelejewo auf Biodynamik um und schuf damit den zu dieser Zeit wahrscheinlich größten biodynamischen Bauernhof Europas, wenn nicht sogar der Welt (vgl. Ehrenfried Pfeiffers Hof im niederländischen Loverendale mit 320 Hektar). Stanisław Karłowski veröffentlichte eine Reihe von sieben Broschüren (auf Polnisch), in denen er für die Praxis der Biodynamik warb (darunter eine Übersetzung von Ehrenfried Pfeiffer); dies gelten als die ersten biodynamischen Veröffentlichungen in polnischer Sprache. Stanisław Karłowski leitete auf seinem Gut Kurse zur Biodynamik und stellte Biodynamik-Präparate zur Verfügung. Er beteiligte sich an lebhaften Debatten und setzte sich in der polnischen „Agricultural Gazette“ für die Biodynamik ein. Er befolgte Rudolf Steiners Anweisung, die Ideen des Landwirtschaftlichen Kurses zu prüfen, und veröffentlichte seine Ergebnisse und Beobachtungen in „Demeter“, der führenden biodynamischen Zeitschrift seiner Zeit. Gemeinsam mit Franciszek Siedlecki, einem führenden polnischen anthroposophischen Künstler, entwickelte er Werbematerial für biodynamisches Brot von seinem Gut Szelejewo. Stanisław Karłowski war Mitglied von Rudolf Steiners „Experimenteller Kreis Anthroposophischer Landwirte und Gärtner“, dem „inneren Heiligtum“ der Pioniere der Biodynamik in ihren Anfängen in der turbulenten Zwischenkriegszeit. Er gründete einen Verein zur Förderung biologischer Anbaumethoden. Die Breite und Tiefe von Stanisław Karłowskis Engagement für die Biodynamik kennzeichnet ihn als außergewöhnliches Mitglied des Experimentellen Kreises. Er brachte einen wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt, die Detailgenauigkeit eines Bankiers und die Unabhängigkeit des Denkens eines Nicht-Anthroposophen in die Aufgabe ein. Wenige Wochen nach dem deutschen Einmarsch in Polen wurde Stanisław Karłowski auf dem Marktplatz von Gostyń von einem Nazi-Erschießungskommando hingerichtet, seine Frau deportiert, sein geliebtes Gut Szelejewo von den Nazis enteignet und Polen als souveräner Staat ausgelöscht. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt Stanisław Karłowski als herausragenden Pionier und Verfechter der biologisch-dynamischen und ökologischen Landwirtschaft dar.