Urban History

This monograph, the work of five authors, explores the relationship between objects and peopleagriculturalists, artisans, and others outside the elite-who lived in the countryside and small towns in England between 1370 and 1600. This multiple authorship-two archaeologists and three historians-has shaped an impressive inter-disciplinary endeavour that is seldom seen. Hundreds of carefully written pages with substantial statistical, visual, and cartographic material provide well-grounded support for the arguments of the authors, in an Open Access piece that is accompanied by three fully available online databases. The book engages with two major questions: what were the objects consumed by non-elite rural and small-town households in late medieval and sixteenth-century England, and what factors influenced these consumption habits? The work thereby contributes to the vibrant scholarship on the relevance of consumption for economic growth in the pre-industrial past, and to the debates about 'consumer revolutions'. Yet objects are also seen as instruments expressing identity and meaning, in a closer connection to anthropological views that go beyond the canonical economic determinants of consumer behaviour. Contrasts between town and country are also provided throughout, discussing traditional paradigms that present peasant consumers as people having simple and frugal consumer habits. The research is based on an extensive collection of previously unpublished documents. In the absence of substantial specimens of probate inventories for the late medieval period (the popular written source for serial uses in this field), an important collection of lists of seizures of goods from felons, fugitives, and outlaws from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries is presented. These were ordered by a royal official, the escheator. For the sixteenth century, the authors turn to records of the coroner, a royal official in the Tudor era. The written evidence is discussed along with that from archaeological excavations of rural settlements. The book covers a range of areas all over England and shows real flair in dealing with the contrasts and mismatches that eventually emerge when comparing the material and the written evidence.

The ongoingimpactofthe dehumanising transatlantic slave trade, which took placefrom the 16 th to the 19 th century, can be still felt today. Karen McCarthy Brown reflected on the powerful experience of how the Vodou priestess Mama Lola began to sob when visiting the Door of No Return monument in Ouidah, Benin. Arriving at the beach memorial, she experienced flashback memories of an ancestor passing through the site on the wayt ot he slave ship. By "heating up" the memories of her ancestors, the priestess pulled them from "their place beneatht he waters of forgetting" and restored them.¹ This moment illustrates the significance of Vodou and the other African-derivedr eligions across the Americas as "sites of memory",w hich have helped to challenget he dominating paradigm of "victimization".But how can these memories be overcome? Is healing reallyp ossible? Focusing on African-derivedr eligions such as Haitian Vodou and Brazilian Candomblé, this chapter discusses how religious sites of memoryc an provide aw ay of dealing with thed ehumanization of enslavement in ap ostcolonial world. It follows Aleida Assmann'sa rgument that locations such as monuments and memorials are not sufficientiftheyare not supported by rituals, personalmemories and narratives.² Based on anthropological research conducted among Caribbean communities and in Brazil, the author argues that these religions with their ceremonies and oral traditions helped to maintain cultural BettinaE .S chmidt, DPhil (habil.), PhD,M Ai nc ultural anthropology (Marburg University,G ermany), professor in the study of religions and anthropologyo fr eligion at the

Abstract
The study of ornaments from the Second Iron Age in southern Gaul, based on an inventory as complete as possible of the objects known in the coastal departments (from the Pyrenees to the Rhône), allows us to measure the contribution of ornaments to our knowledge of the ethnic and cultural components of the pre-Roman settlement: against a remarkably stable indigenous background, Iberian influences gave way, during the 5th century, to an original Celtic component, more pronounced in the following centuries. The identification of Celtic groups in southern Gaul from the middle of the 5th century BC is not the least contribution of this systematic approach.
Résumé
L'étude des parures du Deuxième Age du Fer en Gaule méridionale, basée sur un inventaire aussi complet que possible des objets connus dans les départements du littoral (des Pyrénées au Rhône) permet de mesurer l'apport des parures à notre connaissance des composantes ethniques et culturelles du peuplement préromain : sur un fond indigène remarquablement stable, les influences ibériques cèdent le pas, au cours du Ve siècle, à une composante celtique originale, plus affirmée aux siècles suivants. La mise en évidence de groupes celtiques en Gaule du Sud dès le milieu du Ve siècle av. J.-C. ne constitue pas le moindre apport de cette approche systématique.

The late medieval urban order in the two Romanian principalities
of Wallachia and Moldavia underwent two significant transformations
in the eighteenth century, both instigated by princes. Initially, they sought
to reinforce their power and secure the support of the Church and the great
boyars, which led them to sacrifice the towns and take over the land that
surrounded them. The townspeople were directly affected, because this
had an impact on their livelihoods, with some of their sources of income
being drastically diminished or even eliminated. By 1800, however, the
outlook had changed. The influence of the Enlightenment and the French
Revolution altered perceptions and towns began to thrive again.

В письме Иннокентия IV к Александру Невскому утверждалось, что перед смертью его отец, Ярослав Всеволодович, согласился принять послушание Римской церкви «через руки» Иоанна де Плано Карпини, папского посланника к монголам. Часто это сообщение ставится под сомнение или отвергается как недостоверное. Хотя в отчёте брата Иоанна нет прямых подтверждений указанному факту, другие сообщаемые им сведения позволяют сделать вывод, что папский посланник находился при умирающем князе до самой его смерти с целью провести последние обряды – причащение и соборование – по правилам Римской церкви. В результате брат Иоанн нарушил один из важных ритуальных запретов, действовавших у монголов: никто в течение года не мог посещать ставку хана, если он присутствовал при смерти другого человека. Тем самым папский посланник поставил под угрозу срыва свою дипломатическую миссию, что в значительной мере обесценило ее результаты.

Reservados todos los derechos. De acuerdo con la legislación vigente, y bajo las sanciones en ella previstas, queda totalmente prohibida la reproducción y/o transmisión parcial o total de este libro, por procedimientos mecánicos o electrónicos, incluyendo fotocopia, grabación magnética, óptica o cualesquiera otros procedimientos que la técnica permita o pueda permitir en el futuro, sin la expresa autorización por escrito de los propietarios del copyright. El estudio que compone esta monografía ha sido evaluado y seleccionado por expertos a través del sistema de pares ciegos.

According to the world traveller that have visited the old cities on the Java Island in the 15th century, the cities have a seaport. The sea port became a place for transit and stay until grown as a coastal city, Unfortunately, some of these cities have disappeared due to the process of secretions. Semarang in the 14th century also had a sea port as a landing area in Kampung Melayu. Recently the village no longer located in the coastal but in the middle of the city. How to prove that the area was a coastal area? By tracing some architectural remains, toponimy and comparing with the Javanese urban design pattern revealed the old phenomena in the past. Architectural sketches will make a clearly information about the old coastal line of Semarang. It is estimated that the seaport directly connected to the alun-alun / traditional square as central government. The city founders in Java puts the center of government using the same city spatial structure as waterfront city. The architecture...

The representation of the phases that Rhodes has gone through over the Middle Ages, in a synthetic and comparative way, contributes to the knowledge of its heritage, allowing the importance of some elements in urban planning and hierarchy to be highlighted. This medieval island-state was dominated by an administration with a dual religious and military nature: the Knights of the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem. The study takes into account the factors that determine the impact of changes in the urban fabric, on the design and functioning of the architecture of public buildings, on the provision of public space and on the restrictions imposed on private space.
The research presented here investigates the main lines of this imprint, which is mainly based on the transformations of the medieval city. These transformations emerge as a set of choices before crises of different quality and gravity, which the medieval city undergoes. Other types of changes, unconscious but equally documented, are in fact responses to needs: geopolitical upheavals, use of technological innovations, economic fluctuations that lead to the emergence of new players in the Mediterranean markets.
In particular, the Byzantine tripartite urban form is examined in contrast with the urban model that developed during the mature period of the dominion of the Knights of St. John, especially from the beginning of the fourteenth to the fifteenth century.
A set of factors contributes to the transformations of the shape and urban hierarchy of medieval Rhodes. These factors depend on the geographical position of the island or on the peculiarities that derive from it; they are also closely linked to the hierarchies of power and, in particular, to the administrative substructures and their philosophy. Three successive dominations, of a totally different character, create a social fabric rich in economic and political opportunities, directly involving the population of the island and its dynamics. All these situations will vary, over time, creating alliances and conflicts, extending the urban plan space beyond its established borders, establishing a new relationship with the open landscape and with nature. Finally, these factors are expressed and communicated through symbolic rituals in the public sphere.
The final objective of this type of interpretation is to carry out an analysis of the systems of adaptability, always present in the urban space, which have always involved people, interests, needs, symbols on which the administrative choices are affirmed, directly or indirectly. The current rich architectural heritage of the Mediterranean city of Rhodes is an interesting example as it contains all the systems of urban and social adaptation that were adopted during the Middle Ages.

UDK:94(497.5)"11/12":72 Izvorni znanstveni rad Vladimir Peter Goss Professor Emeritus Sveučilište u Rijeci Ovaj prilog razmatra umjetničke pothvate hercega Kolomana, vladara Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije (1226. -1241.), koji prate Kolomanov rad na stvaranju vlastite »kraljevine« unutar zemalja krune sv. Stjepana te jedinstvene crkvene organizacije s novim nadbiskupskim sjedištem u Zagrebu. Te djelatnosti prati snažan umjetnički polet koji se odražava u novoj prijestolnici Čazmi, na Kolomanovu dvorcu Medvedgradu, ali i u manjim sredinama, a autor, na temelju povijesnih podataka i analize umjetničkih radova, zacrtava mogućnost Kolomanova utjecaja i na umjetnost Dalmacije. Taj izvanredni pothvat prekida Kolomanova smrt tijekom tatarske provale, a time se prekida i njegov plodni patronat u umjetnosti hrvatskoga prostora. Koloman, sin Andrije II., mlađi brat kralja Bele IV. (1235. -1270.) rodio se 1208. Umro je 1241. u Čazmi od rana zadobivenih u bitki s Tatarima na Šaju. U svom ne predugom životu Koloman je bio naslovni kralj Galicije (Haliča), okrunjen 1217. Usprkos neuspjehu da proširi arpadovsku vlast na Galiciju, Koloman je ostavio trag u istočnoslovačkom Spišu (Zips), što nije bez značaja za našu priču. Koloman nasljeđuje starijeg brata Belu kao herceg Slavonije, Dalmacije i Hrvatske 1226., kad Bela postaje suvladar, te na tom položaju ostaje do smrti. Od tog datuma počinje njegova briljantna karijera državnika i vojnika, veliki pothvat koji je nažalost ostao nedovršen. 1 U tom pokušaju da se stvori jaka državna tvo-1

Bu çalışmada, İzmir ili Torbalı ilçesi sınırlarında yer alan, Metropolis Antik Kenti kazılarında 2003-2019 yılları arasında kazısı yapılmış olan Aşağı Hamam- Palaestra yapısında bulunan Geç Roma C Seramikleri
değerlendirilmiştir. Yapıda yürütülen sistematik kazılar ile ortaya çıkarılan
Geç Roma seramikleri arasında, Geç Roma C (Phokaia Kırmızı Astarlı Seramikleri) kırmızı astarlıları en yoğun grubu oluşturmaktadır. Bu gruba giren 75 parça seramik tespit edilmiş ve 5 form saptanmıştır. Form takibi yapılamayan 2 adet bezemeli tondo parçası ise bezeme özelliklerine
göre değerlendirilmiştir. Grubun form repertuvarının oluşturulmasında J. Hayes’in oluşturduğu tipoloji örnek alınmıştır. Tespit edilen formlar servis amaçlı kullanılan tabak ve kaselerden oluşmaktadır. Yapıda, Geç Roma C seramik grubunun en erken örneği MS geç 4. yüzyıl ile MS erken 5. yüzyıl’a tarihlenen Hayes Form 1A örneğidir. En geç örneği ise Hayes Form 10 ile temsil edilen ve MS geç 6. yüzyıl- 7. yüzyıla tarihlenen örneklerdir (Hayes Form 10A). Ayrıca, Geç Roma C seramikleri içerisinde Hayes Form 2, Form 3, Form 5 grupları ve alt tipleri saptanmıştır. Yapıda tespit edilen formlar arasındaki en yoğun grup ise 35 örnekle Hayes Form 3’tür. Bu bağlamda
bakıldığında grubun yapıda en yoğun görüldüğü tarih MS 5. yüzyılın ilk yarısı ile MS 6. yüzyılın sonu arasıdır.

Conheci o professor Moisés Espírito Santo através de seu livro A religião popular portuguesa, quando comecei a estudar o processo de transnacionalização das religiões afro-brasileiras em Portugal, em 1995. Estive com ele, nessa mesma época, em uma rápida conversa, quando fui presenteado com suas publicações do selo Instituto de Sociologia e Etnologia das Religiões da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Ao longo dos anos passei a dialogar com ele sobre a recomposição do campo religioso português, modificado depois de 25 de abril de 1974, com a chamada Revolução dos Cravos, através de sua vasta bibliografia, em busca de compreensão das práticas religiosas lusas. Santo foi um dos primeiros sociólogos portugueses a se debruçar cientificamente e dar inteligibilidade sociológica e emográfica à cultura tradicional portuguesa. Permanece uma referência nos estudos de Sociologia da Religião em Portugal. Sua primeira especialização voltou-se para a Sociologia Rural, com a monografia Comunidade rural ao norte do Tejo, defendida na França (EHESS), em 1976. Deu continuidade à sua formação, com a Tese de Doutorado La religion paysanne dans le nord du PortugaL, defendida na mesma instituição, em 1979, fruto de pesquisa que resultou na publicação do clássico A religião popular em Portugal. Em seus estudos posteriores, voltou-se para as culturas do Mediterrâneo, a identidade mediterrânica das populações do território português, com as matrizes culturais fenícias/ cananéias/púnicas/cartaginesas comuns a todo seu território, mas com maior incidência no noroeste Português, algumas zonas de Trás-os-Montes e das Beiras. Dessas pesquisas emergiu um livro que causou polêmica com ecos internacionais: Os mouros fotimadas e as aparições de Fátima.

Karabük was established as the main centre of iron steel industry of the industrializing Republic. Karabük, a neighbourhood consisting of 13 households connected to Öğlebeli Village at the time of its establishment, now has become a city with a population of more than one hundred thousand.

The ordinary city of Bir al-Saba’, situated within an urban world stretched across southern Palestine, has a story to tell, of dramatic spatiotemporal transformations, presence and absence, capture and resilience. Such connected urban history is profoundly shaped through the world-making relations of those who lived and dwelt within the always-becoming material and ideational spatial geography of the Naqab. Research gathered from diverse archival sources and interview data offers insight into the voices, actions and imaginaries of the Saba'awi as they worked the shifting assemblages of this landscape between 1840 and 1936, making Bir al-Saba’ a thick multiscalar cosmopolitan place of meaning and opportunity.

Na temelju odluka vijeća, poslovnih knjiga Hospitala milosrđa, kupoprodajnih ugovora i drugih izvora koji se čuvaju u Državnom arhivu u Dubrovniku i Uredu za katastar utvrđuje se lokacija zgrada u kojima je djelovalo dubrovačko nahodište od osnutka do ukinuća. Prati se slijed vlasništva i različite prenamjene posljednje samostalne zgrade nahodišta na Pilama. Promjene lokacija nahodišnih zgrada povezuju se s razvojem urbane matrice Dubrovnika.On the basis of councils’ decisions, accounting records of the Dubrovnik’s foundling home (Hospitale misericordiae), sale contract, and other sources, the locations of the Dubrovnik’s foundling home buildings from the foundation until abolition are established. Various ownerships and functions of the last building used as a foundling home at Pile are examined. The change of locations of the buildings are connected with urban development. During its half a millennium history the foundling home of Dubrovnik occupied at least four different buildin...

Por otra parte, es tambien una gran satisfacciOn que el Institute pueda editar nuevamente la Revista Estudios de Historia de EspaPia, que no salia a la luz desde la jubilacion de su hacedora, la "Doctora", como cariflosamente la llamamos sus discipulos. Debo agradecer esta edicion, en primer lugar, a todos aquellos prestigiosos investigadores, que confiaron en nosotros y nos entregaron su colaboracion desinteresada:

CALL FOR PAPERS XII Congresso AISU (Palermo, 10-13 settembre 2025)

Sessione 7.14
I CANTIERI DEI PALAZZI COMUNALI NELLE CITTÀ ITALIANE TRA TARDO MEDIOEVO ED ETÀ MODERNA: CROCEVIA DI SAPERI, TECNICHE E MATERIALI.
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CONSTRUCTION SITES OF MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS IN ITALIAN CITIES (LATE MIDDLE AGES - MODERN AGE): CROSSROADS OF KNOWLEDGE, TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS.

Coordinatori/Coordinators: Silvia Beltramo (Politecnico di Torino); Nicoletta Marconi (Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata)

The relevance of municipal buildings in the urban landscape and public life of Italian cities has long been acknowledged as one of the distinctive features of cultural heritage from the 13th century to the present day. Civic architecture - a heterogeneous collection of buildings and spaces designed for diverse functions and conceived as a collective endeavour - is the product of a multitude of intentions, aspirations, skills, and constraints imposed by the various actors involved in both the design process and the construction site.
Construction sites, as hubs of technical exchange and operational integration, facilitate an essential intersection of activities. This process yields recognizable, and often strongly characterized, results at the urban scale, impacting multiple buildings with diverse functions.
This session aims to explore the effects of this confluence and exchange of practices and techniques on civic architecture, focusing on the city's municipal building heritage. Moreover, the session encourages a consideration of the ways in which experiences gained in municipal construction sites determined and/or interacted with other urban building of the city, and on the economy of their productive output, thereby fostering an open and dialectical perspective encompassing construction sites of varied patronage and function.
To ensure thematic coherence within the session, we propose the following guiding questions for consideration: What concrete needs arise during the construction or renovation of municipal buildings? What technical and construction solutions are implemented? Are there recurring patterns in the use of building materials? Are the same workers employed across different construction sites, both public and private, and what are the resulting outcomes? Do different groups of workers introduce different technical solutions and distinctive material characteristics to the buildings? From a comparative perspective, are these buildings characterized by similar construction choices and building practices? Do civic construction sites serve as hubs for the development and experimentation of new materials and new approaches to design and construction?
Contributions addressing these themes within the specified chronological period are welcome. Priority will be given to original research that fosters comparative and interdisciplinary discussion.

DEADLINE
Il paper potrà essere inviato, entro il 3 maggio 2025, compilando il modulo online sul sito AISU al seguente link: https://aisuinternational.org/palermo-2025-sessioni-macrosessione-4/

The paper may be submitted, no later than May 3, 2025, by filling out the online form on the AISU website at the following link: https://aisuinternational.org/palermo-2025-sessioni-macrosessione-4/

INFO: silvia.beltramo@polito.it; marconi@ing.uniroma2.it;

Rural vitalization calls for a new type of urban-rural relations in urbanizing China. Although the importance of urban-rural dichotomy has received increasing attention by scholars interested in studying urban development and governance in contemporary China, their interpretations about the connection between urban and rural areas remain fragmented and ambiguous. This article seeks to trace the origin of the Chinese city and its relations with the countryside in the imperial era. It generates a more complete understanding of the rural-urban relationship in the traditional Chinese society and to appeal for a more rounded research agenda for the Chinese urbanization based on a sound historical perspective. The findings of this study explain why and how the traditional urban-rural continuum has disappeared in contemporary China, and identifies the key lessons and wisdoms that can we borrow from the imperial era when we come to tackle the present urban-rural development.

The Archivio Storico Diocesano di Palermo conserves a unique Arabic-Islamic document dating to 526/1132 that allows for insights into the legal practices of small-scale water management in the fertile countryside of Sicily's capital city Palermo. Almost entirely neglected by previous scholarship, this article offers the first analysis of the document's legal content and situates it within the wider context of Mālikī law, landscape engineering, and Muslim communal practices in medieval Sicily at a time when Latin-Christian elites came to dominate the possession of resources in Palermo's hinterland.

Ciclo di incontri sull'architettura civica ligure organizzati dall'Università di Genova e dalla Soprintendenza archivistica e bibliografica della Liguria in collaborazione con l'Associazione Nazionale Archivistica Italiana-ANAI.

Da secoli, in Italia, l'idea del buon governo è stata strettamente associata alla qualità degli spazi, degli edifici, dei servizi d'uso collettivo che le amministrazioni cittadine gestivano per gli abitanti: sedi municipali, ma anche musei e biblioteche, scuole e archivi, parchi e giardini, sale teatrali e centri sociali, non di rado incastonati gli uni sugli altri in un mosaico di edifici e funzioni di primaria importanza nel contesto locale.
Partendo da una prospettiva di storia dell’architettura e della città, vorremmo aprire un dibattito sugli usi, la gestione, le potenzialità degli edifici e degli archivi storici di proprietà comunale: un patrimonio di grande ricchezza, che nei secoli passati ha avuto un peso cruciale nella costruzione dell’identità locale. Ma oggi? Quale lo spazio, il ruolo, il valore di questo patrimonio in un mondo in via di veloce trasformazione quale quello in cui viviamo?

Bu makalenin hikayesi "Alman başbakanı Türkiye Ziyareti 1954" başlıklı bir video filminde görmüş olduğum celi sülüs bir hat ile yazılı "Medresetü'l-Vaizin 1331" kitabesi ile başladı. 1 Kitabenin bulunduğu bu yapı neredeydi ve günümüze ulaşmış mıydı? Şayet günümüze ulaşmamış ise kitabesi korunabilmiş miydi veya neredeydi? gibi merakımı celbeden daha birçok soruya cevap bulma gayretine girdim. Kitabenin yer aldığı kapının mimari tarzı ve süslemelerini oluşturan kitabenin üstündeki daire içinde kazılı haldeki tuğra yeri, kapının iki yanındaki ay ve yıldız formu, silme ve kemer gibi unsurlarından hareket ederek buranın

The offices and facilities of New Jersey's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) are mundane boxes of concrete, glass, linoleum, and fluorescent lights, and yet they have a backstory to tell about the slow incorporation of the automobile into everyday American life at the turn of the twentieth century. Urban historians and geographers have attended to the development of everything from asphalt to stop signs, gas stations to automobile dealerships, motels to restaurants, bypass roads to the federal highway system, but not the government offices and facilities developed to service automobile regulation. The goal of this article is to detail the creation and evolution of DMV offices and facilities in the state of New Jersey, between 1903 and 1957: why they took the form they did and how they changed over time. These landscapes, perceived today as utterly ordinary and banal, are the tangible, physical expression of how people in the early 1900s struggled to live safely and fairly with the automobile.

The offices and facilities of New Jersey’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) are mundane boxes of concrete, glass, linoleum, and fluorescent lights, and yet they have a backstory to tell about the slow incorporation of the automobile into everyday American life at the turn of the twentieth century. Urban historians and geographers have attended to the development of everything from asphalt to stop signs, gas stations to automobile dealerships, motels to restaurants, bypass roads to the federal highway system, but not the government offices and facilities developed to service automobile regulation. The goal of this article is to detail the creation and evolution of DMV offices and facilities in the state of New Jersey, between 1903 and 1957: why they took the form they did and how they changed over time. These landscapes, perceived today as utterly ordinary and banal, are the tangible, physical expression of how people in the early 1900s struggled to live safely and fairly with the ...

Following the October Revolution and a brief period of civil unrest, Soviet leaders, architects, and engineers initiated a comprehensive reconstruction of the architectural landscape to sever ties with capitalism and align it with socialist-communist ideology. The ideology needed to be imbued within the architecture and built spaces. The paper explores the intricate relationship between architecture and ideology within the context of Soviet architecture from 1917 to 1953, a period characterized by significant socio-political transformations after the Bolshevik Revolution. Using a framework that integrates architectural semiotics and critical theory, the study examines how architectural forms and functions not only reflect but also propagate ideological narratives. To this end, official documents, archival materials, historical maps and photographs from the Soviet era on urban planning and design have been analysed. Additionally, Lenin's theory of reflection, and Stalin's socialist realism form the part of critical analysis for the study revealing the profound influence they project on architectural practices. As a method of study, one representative architecture has been selected from each of the three most prominent building types viz. "communal housing", "workers' clubs", and "Stalin skyscrapers" to illustrate how these structures embody socialist principles and contribute to the construction of a new Soviet identity. Thus, the study underscores architecture's role as a powerful tool for ideological dissemination, shaping social values and collective memory while serving as a medium for both power and resistance in the evolving landscape of Soviet society.

The essay analyses the statistical data on cholera mortality in the the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, received in Naples when the epidemic wave of 1836-37 was drawing to a close. On the basis of these figures, the government certainly had a clear perception of the incidence of the disease in the various districts, and could use them for appropriate health policy assessments. A choice that was made at the time, and which remained unchanged, was to secrete the statistical data collected. The reasons behind this decision probably lay in the desire to conceal the very heavy death toll from public opinion at home and abroad, in an attempt to accredit the image of a wise, dynamic and effective government in containing the effects of the disease. There was perhaps also the fear that the internal disclosure of the real massacres that cholera had wrought, especially in certain provinces, could revive the never-quenched rumours of poisoning, with the related problems of public order, and the insidious political implications that cholera had provoked. For these reasons, the statistics collected remained buried in administrative offices and were never made public. Re-examined now, almost two centuries later, and interpreted also in the light of the distorting mechanisms that invalidated their compilation, the figures make it possible to ascertain the overall mortality in the Kingdom, the relationship between the mortality rates of the two epidemic waves and the mortality rates of the various provinces. Among other things, they allow us to state that, although it was, chronologically, the last of the Italian states to experience the aggression of cholera, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was also the one that reported, at the end of the epidemic, the heaviest death toll, both in absolute values and in relation to the population.

Before Thomas Cook a dragoman has to be quite gentleman and a power in the land, possessed horses, palanquins, tents, beds, kitchen utensils, and all the necessary In apparatus for serving dinner so that the traveler has a bargain with him for many days and he would answer for his comfort and safety. The dragoman business start to be lesser when in the 19 th century, the western people start travelling all over the world become more easy and faster. The introduction of steamers, railways, modern roads and telegraphs revolutionized travel to the East. The journey became an increasingly more comfortable and reliable exercise, which could be scheduled fairly precisely, and without the fears of strife and conflict that had marred journeys to many areas of the Mediterranean previously. By the 1840s, regular shipping lines plied the Mediterranean between Europe, Greece, the Ottoman Empire and Egypt. By the late 19th century, intricate railway networks connected Eastern Europe with Constantinople and other key areas in the Arab and Ottoman and North African regions. In the cities themselves, tramways proliferated, joined by automobiles in the early 1920s. Western-style hotels and lodgings appeared in Constantinople, Bilad al-Sham, the Holy Land and Egypt. Palestine The Holy Land and the Middle East became an easier destination especially a er 1840 when the Ottoman Empire agreed in the London Convention to give some privileges to protect certain ethnicities or religious minorities living in the Empire; as France to protect the Catholics, Russia to protect the Orthodox and Britain and Austria to protect the Protestant, Jews and Druze.

Il saggio è edito nel volume in onore di Corrado Bozzoni, in due tomi, è un numero monografico dei "Quaderni dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Architettura", n.s., 79-80 (2024).

Abstract
The architecture of the first convents of the mendicant orders, Minors and Preachers, is a topic widely debated in historiography,
starting with the founding studies by Corrado Bozzoni on Franciscan architecture in central Italy. While some areas are better known today for the important studies carried out on architecture in the last decades of the 20th century, the Piedmontese territory, in the face of in-depth knowledge focused on the religious history of the orders and early settlements, suffers from the material absence of much of the early architecture. The buildings that are still preserved today, mainly Dominican, are the result of monumental construction works that matured between the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century, or in some instances, the mid-14th century.
The first part of the contribution presents a synopsis of the convents situated within the broad subalpine region between the mid- and late 13th century. These settlements extend as far as the Lombard plain and approach the Ligurian Apennines, following the original religious administrative subdivision. The two case studies presented in detail are followed by a reconstruction of the earliest evidence of the churches of San Francesco in Cuneo, where recent excavations have brought to light some parts of the primitive architectural layout. In San Giovanni di Saluzzo, some unpublished architectural parts, which have re-emerged
during the restoration work in progress, have made it possible to put forward hypotheses to revise what has been proposed so far on the early construction phases of the church.

Keywords:
Mendicant convents, early Franciscan architecture, Dominican architecture, 13th and 14th century.

The study explores the presence of the Ottoman heritage in Bulgaria. Despite its exclusion from the national heritage canon, different communities engage with and valorise it. Using a scalar approach, we examine how heritage operates at various levels, revealing the dynamic interplay of dominant and vernacular discourses. Drawing on anthropological fieldwork, the paper highlights the mosaic of memories, narratives, and practices that reclaim Ottoman heritage today.

Die projizierte Klimaanderung fur die Metropolregion Hamburg (MRH) fuhrt vermehrt zu sommerlichen Trockenperioden. Besonders im Sudosten der Region wird dadurch die Wasserverfugbarkeit als limitierender Produktionsfaktor in der Landwirtschaft weiter begrenzt. Eine Abnahme der Grundwasserneubildung und zugleich zunehmender Wasserbedarf der Pflanzen erfordert eine Anpassung der Bewasserungsmethoden und Landbewirtschaftung. Dazu untersuchen Projekte innerhalb des KLIMZUG-NORD Themenfelds T3 „Zukunftsfahige Kulturlandschaften“ die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Verfugbarkeit und Qualitat des Wassers und entwickeln entsprechende Anpassungsmasnahmen der Landwirtschaft bei gleichzeitiger Berucksichtigung der Anspruche des Naturschutzes. Es wurden Kooperationen zwischen Akteuren aus Forschung, Planung, Wasser- und Landwirtschaft gebildet und vertieft; im Folgenden sind Ausschnitte der interdisziplinaren Zusammenarbeit in den Modellregionen Luneburger Heide und Biospharenreservat Nied...

This paper is informed by the working insights of Jeni Pollard, Lila Kennelly and Donita Hulme who have been key to the Penrith Neighbourhood Renewal Program discussed throughout this study. Over 70 residents are members of Team Colyton, an initiative discussed at length throughout Walking with Communities. It is important to acknowledge their contribution to the learning and knowledge discussed in this paper. Rodney Greene, Community and Economic Development Director, Burnie City Council has contributed to the paper through an in-depth interview and the provision of reports.

The XXIX ISUF conference book explores the multifaceted theme of urban redevelopment and revitalisation through the lens of urban morphology. It underscores the growing relevance of urban rehabilitation, particularly in light of the principles of urban metabolism and circular economy. It addresses the theoretical and methodological intersections between urban morphology and urban rehabilitation, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach to tackle the diverse challenges of urban renewal. Key themes include political, legal, and administrative conditions influencing urban transformations, and the social and cultural determinants affecting spatial redevelopment. The book also offers a comprehensive review of current theoretical and practical expertise, providing insights into economic, functional, infrastructural changes, and the impacts of climate change on urban strategies. It examines methodological advancements, ranging from traditional case studies to advanced digital tools like GIS and AI. The volume includes detailed analyses of political and economic systems' influence on urban renewal, case studies on social participation, and the impacts of migration and cultural diversity. Additionally, it discusses theoretical concepts linking urban morphology with urban renewal, exploring sustainability and climate change effects. Practical architectural and urban solutions are

The XXIX ISUF Proceedings book aims to present the broadly understood theme of
redevelopment and revitalisation of spatial structures. Urban morphology research
brings valuable knowledge to the theory and practice of urban rehabilitation. Studies
on transformations of the urban fabric are at the core of both fields. Saverio Muratori
(1959), one of the founding Fathers of urban morphology science, claimed the
need for “storia operante” (operational history). Since the care to apply research
on urban form in building and rebuilding cities became one of the principles of
urban morphology, both the classical schools of urban morphology (Conzenian and
Italian) deal with urban transformations and they perceive these processes either as
the burgage cycle that we find in theworks of MRG. Conzen (1960) and his followers,
or as the territorial development cycle described by Caniggia and Maffei (1979).

Resumen: En este artículo se analizan los planes urbanísticos de aquellos municipios de la provincia de Valencia que se acogieron a la asistencia técnica prestada por la Diputación Provincial para la redacción de planeamiento en los tiempos del arquitecto provincial Luis Albert Ballesteros. Aquellos primeros planes de Diputación forman un conjunto de documentos muy homogéneo, ya que responden a un tipo único de plan que varía en tanto en cuanto varía el núcleo urbano original de la población. El elemento común a todos ellos es una centralidad en planta que vendrá subrayada por una zona o corona verde de protección que los emparentará, de alguna manera, con las propuestas urbanísticas vinculadas al modelo de ciudad-jardín de Howard. Comenzados a gestar en una época caracterizada principalmente por la coexistencia de una gran diversidad de leyes y preceptos, que hacían que el término planeamiento urbanístico pudiese entenderse y aplicarse de formas muy diversas, los planes de la Diputación representan la última herencia de los modelos de ensanche y de reforma interior. En el tránsito a la Ley del Suelo de 1956, estos planes tienen el interés de ser, además de los últimos exponentes del llamado urbanismo de la tradición municipalista, uno de los antecesores de los actuales planes generales de ordenación urbana.

For its unfailing support o f my research, the History Department at the University o f N ew Hampshire deserves special recognition. Above all, I thank my adviser, Eliga H. Gould, for his encouragement and steady guidance as the project evolved. Much like its city streets, Boston's complex history can quickly disorient the unwary traveler, and I might still be lost somewhere in its intriguing back alleys i f Dr. Gould had not skillfully steered me back toward Faneuil Hall. In so doing, he often opened up new avenues o f inquiry for me to follow . I am indeed honored to have been his student. My thanks also go to the additional committee members-Jeffry Diefendorf, J. William Harris, Cynthia Van Zandt, and Brigitte Bailey-each o f whom graciously contributed his or her time and expertise toward improving the end product o f my efforts. Finally, I was fortunate enough to have David Waldstreicher from the University o f Notre Dame critique an early v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. version o f what would become the second chapter. To m yself alone I attribute any remaining errors in this dissertation. I am grateful to the staffs o f the follow ing institutions for assisting my research: the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Rare Books Department o f the Boston Public Library, the N ew England Historic Genealogical Society, the Bostonian Society, the Massachusetts Archives, the M ystic Seaport Museum, and the Inter-Library Loan Department at the University o f N ew Hampshire's Dimond Library. I am especially indebted to Ranger Matthew Greif o f the National Park Service Boston National Historical Park, who took an early interest in the project and generously shared his research on Faneuil Hall. My thanks also go to Jon Cote o f the Rhode Island Community Food Bank for some eleventh-hour technical support. Some debts extend beyond the confines o f these pages. Kim Jarvis and H olly Rine, friends and fellow doctoral candidates, were always w illing to lend an ear or offer words o f encouragement, for which I am extremely thankful. More distant friends, especially Jim Sexton, Nathaniel Hoffman, and Mike Meyer patiently endured unanswered e-mails and unretumed phone messages while I worked to complete the project. That I can still call them friends at its end is a testament to their character and my appreciation. And the antics o f three feline companions-A lly, M oxie, and Colbyoften enlivened an otherwise tedious writing process. But my deepest expression o f gratitude goes to my family, whose constant encouragement kept me motivated and focused. The strength o f my mother-in-law, Sandy Binder, through trying times was truly inspirational. My thanks also go out to Gerri Beagle and Skip French, who, having him self been through the dissertation process, vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. could always be counted on for sage advice. To my beloved parents, Kirsten French and Robert Beagle, I owe much more than my interest in history, not the least o f which is a life-long friend in my brother, Christopher. And finally, my wife Deborah has been a pillar o f patience and faith throughout this entire endeavor. As she has w illingly shared with me all o f the hopes and frustrations o f the graduate school experience, this dissertation is as much a tribute to her work as it is to mine. Its conclusion opens a new chapter in our lives together. vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

For its unfailing support o f my research, the History Department at the University o f N ew Hampshire deserves special recognition. Above all, I thank my adviser, Eliga H. Gould, for his encouragement and steady guidance as the project evolved. Much like its city streets, Boston's complex history can quickly disorient the unwary traveler, and I might still be lost somewhere in its intriguing back alleys i f Dr. Gould had not skillfully steered me back toward Faneuil Hall. In so doing, he often opened up new avenues o f inquiry for me to follow . I am indeed honored to have been his student. My thanks also go to the additional committee members-Jeffry Diefendorf, J. William Harris, Cynthia Van Zandt, and Brigitte Bailey-each o f whom graciously contributed his or her time and expertise toward improving the end product o f my efforts. Finally, I was fortunate enough to have David Waldstreicher from the University o f Notre Dame critique an early v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. version o f what would become the second chapter. To m yself alone I attribute any remaining errors in this dissertation. I am grateful to the staffs o f the follow ing institutions for assisting my research: the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Rare Books Department o f the Boston Public Library, the N ew England Historic Genealogical Society, the Bostonian Society, the Massachusetts Archives, the M ystic Seaport Museum, and the Inter-Library Loan Department at the University o f N ew Hampshire's Dimond Library. I am especially indebted to Ranger Matthew Greif o f the National Park Service Boston National Historical Park, who took an early interest in the project and generously shared his research on Faneuil Hall. My thanks also go to Jon Cote o f the Rhode Island Community Food Bank for some eleventh-hour technical support. Some debts extend beyond the confines o f these pages. Kim Jarvis and H olly Rine, friends and fellow doctoral candidates, were always w illing to lend an ear or offer words o f encouragement, for which I am extremely thankful. More distant friends, especially Jim Sexton, Nathaniel Hoffman, and Mike Meyer patiently endured unanswered e-mails and unretumed phone messages while I worked to complete the project. That I can still call them friends at its end is a testament to their character and my appreciation. And the antics o f three feline companions-A lly, M oxie, and Colbyoften enlivened an otherwise tedious writing process. But my deepest expression o f gratitude goes to my family, whose constant encouragement kept me motivated and focused. The strength o f my mother-in-law, Sandy Binder, through trying times was truly inspirational. My thanks also go out to Gerri Beagle and Skip French, who, having him self been through the dissertation process, vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. could always be counted on for sage advice. To my beloved parents, Kirsten French and Robert Beagle, I owe much more than my interest in history, not the least o f which is a life-long friend in my brother, Christopher. And finally, my wife Deborah has been a pillar o f patience and faith throughout this entire endeavor. As she has w illingly shared with me all o f the hopes and frustrations o f the graduate school experience, this dissertation is as much a tribute to her work as it is to mine. Its conclusion opens a new chapter in our lives together. vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

This article offers a comprehensive overview of the development of Brutalist architecture in Morocco from the 1950s to the 1980s, with a particular focus on the reconstruction of Agadir following the 1960 earthquake. It explores how Moroccan architects engaged with international modernist currents, especially through the influence of Michel Écochard and the GAMMA group, and highlights the contributions of key figures such as Zevaco, Azagury, Ben Embarek, and Faraoui.

The article argues that Brutalism in Morocco was not a mere imitation of global styles but evolved into a locally grounded architectural language that responded to cultural, climatic, and social specificities—becoming a marker of national identity in the post-independence era. It also traces the shift toward a more regional Brutalism in the 1970s, including collaborations with visual artists like Mohamed Chebaa, Farid Belkahia, and Mohamed Melehi.

In its conclusion, the article reflects on the decline of Brutalism in the 1980s due to political and economic shifts, calling for a renewed appreciation of this architectural heritage, seen as “the gem of Morocco’s contribution to world culture.”

Recenzenti: Josip Lisac i Boris Kuzmic U radu je analiziran sadrfaj 17 oporuka po leksickom i grafijskom aspektu. Prikazana je struktura talijanizama i turcizama, razlog njihova prihvacanja, te brojcani i postotni iznos. Takoder je napravljen pregled grafijskih rjdenja i objaSnjen razlog takva stanja.

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