Linguistic Anthropology

Aggressive, sexist humor is often understood as expressions of inner, misogynist attitudes. This article, however, investigates rape humor as a collective and interactive phenomenon. Drawing on an infamous Swedish podcast episode, we illuminate rape humor in terms of affect, desire, and repression (Butler 1987; Billig 1999), and as such, how taboo-breaking arouses both pleasure and fear among the participants. The analyses detail affective practices that both promote and discipline affects. The men in the group interpellate one of the participants as a clown, someone whose taboo-breaking they interactionally support and simultaneously distance themselves from. The article concludes that affects, like subject positions, are interpellated in interaction. Building on Wetherell's (2013) understanding of affect as both discursive and embodied, we suggest a reintroduction of repression/desire into a discursively oriented framework. (Affective practices, rape humor, desire, repression,...

Artikkelen drofter problemstillinger knyttet til hva som skal defineres som muntlig malspraksform for voksne minoritetsspraklige som skal tilegne seg norsk som andresprak. Det pekes pa at den norske spraksituasjonen presenterer utfordringer bade for elever og laerere. Opplaeringen av voksne skjer oftest gjennom bruk av laereverk skrevet pa bokmal. Med laereboka som styrende prinsipp anvender laerere i begynnerundervisning vanligvis et bokmalsnaert talemal. Dette talemalet kan vaere forskjellig fra den dialekt laereren bruker til daglig, og det kan vaere forskjellig fra den dialekt som snakkes i lokalsamfunnet der andrespraksundervisningen finner sted. Ut fra dette stilles det sporsmal om det er de minoritetsspraklige som ma investere ressurser i a utvikle forstaelse for talt norsk i all sin bredde, eller om forstespraksbrukere av norsk bor tilpasse seg de minoritetssprakliges kompetanse ved a utvikle ferdigheter i talt bokmal.

This article takes a scalar view of “friction” (Tsing 2005) and “refusal” (Ortner 1995) between ethnography and the archive. The concept of friction was originally formulated in the context of a globalizing world, but friction's perception and experience are highly local. By recurrently destabilizing interactions, friction generates the constant possibility of contestation at the same time that it fosters ongoing renewal and reshuffling of social relations. Refusal, in turn, is shaped by a combination of individual agency and the contextual parameters delimiting any given social interaction. Based on a K'iche’ Maya narrative recorded by Catholic missionary James L. Mondloch in the area of Nahualá, Sololá, Guatemala, I illustrate how refusal not only informs interpretation of the oral history but shaped its 1968 telling. As debate continues over the ethics and logistics of working with legacy fieldwork data, I consider the frictions that anthropologists have to live with when working with archival data and those that we ourselves may generate.

Este artículo toma una visión escalar de la “fricción” (Tsing, 2005) y el “rechazo” (Ortner, 1995) entre la etnografía y el archivo. El concepto de fricción fue formulado originalmente dentro del contexto de un mundo en vías de globalización, sin embargo, la percepción y la vivencia de la fricción son extremadamente locales. Al desestabilizar frecuentemente las interacciones, la fricción genera la posibilidad constante de crear altercados al mismo tiempo que promueve la transformación y reorganización de las relaciones sociales. Por otro lado, el rechazo está conformado por una combinación de agencia individual y los parámetros contextuales que delimitan cualquier interacción social. Basado en una narrativa maya k'iche’ registrada por el misionero católico James L. Mondloch en el área de Nahualá, Sololá Guatemala, este artículo busca ilustrar cómo el rechazo no solamente informa la interpretación de la historia oral, sino que modeló la manera en que la historia fue contada y registrada en 1968. Mientras el debate continúa sobre la ética y la logística de trabajar con datos legados de trabajo de campo, se consideran las fricciones que los antropólogos debemos manejar cuando trabajamos con datos provenientes de archivos y las fricciones que nosotros mismos podemos generar. [catolicismo, Guatemala, maya k'iche’, rechazo, reciprocidad]

Sight translation is a commonly used mode of interpreting in public service interpreting settings and exams, and therefore needs to be addressed in PSI training. In addition to the challenges related to the shift from the written to oral form, the documents so translated are often terminology heavy and the situational context may be emotionally challenging, which may require customized interpreting. This paper will take the case of advice or letter of rights, which is a document used e.g. in asylum proceedings or court or police contexts, to discuss ways to approach sight translation in interpreting classes. The paper will include a contrastive analysis of this genre in English and Czech from a variety of settings and intended for a variety of addressees, comparing the structure, terminology load and other discursive features. Further, it will present a didactic proposal to introduce students to this genre, raise their awareness of the issues involved and present strategies that may be used to tackle such issues to achieve the desired communicative effect. Although the paper is based on English and Czech texts, it may be adapted to other linguistic pairs and complement the existing teaching materials.

Build it and they will come" -capital infrastructure for entrepreneurial community tourism in Strathdearn Duncan Bryden Council Chambers -Rural Social Entrepreneurship (chair Geoff Whittam) Collaborative policy-making and sustainable rural enterprise: Case study of Tyne Valley Community Rail Partnership Lavinia Wilson-Youlden Creating a Global Learning Community of Practitioners in Rural Social Enterprise David Bryan I ndigenous Entrepreneurship and Wellbeing in Lagging Regions: A Case Study from Lombok, Indonesia Fikri Zul Fahmi Committee Room -New approaches in rural theory, method and measurement (chair Gary Bosworth) A collaborative approach to developing an index of rural service delivery

Traditionally, a heterogeneous group of Classic Nahuatl (nc) morphs has been classified under the label "adverb". In this paper, I propose to review the criteria for the ascription of this class of words, which will lead me to make a distinction between the class of adverbs and a second class that I will call operators, morphologically constituted by clitics, such as ca=, cuix=, mā=, nel=, a'zo=, mach=, quil=, at=, and ye=. I will focus on this class. I will provide arguments to observe how these operators present a particular syntax that iconically replicates the meaning relations between these elements and the clause. Finally, I will propose some consequences derived from assuming these operators' existence in other language morphs.

Sissy hypno pornography is characterized by the use of erotic hypnosis tropes to induce a process of self-feminization. Accessible across social media and online porn sites, the genre involves the remix of professionally produced pornography with sounds, images and text to induce a state of sexual arousal. Groups promoting anti-porn and anti-transgender views have cited the genre as dangerous to public health, depicting hypnotic entertainment as having the power to alter an individual’s core sense of identity. While much of sissy hypno imagines feminization through humiliation narratives based in forced gender conversion, a growing subgenre of trans-affirming hypno legitimates transfeminine identification. Metapragmatic data taken from video content and sex worker interviews exposes how progressive content producers shield consumers from the genre’s transphobic tropes by creating narratives based in self-realization. The chapter analyzes online pornography as situated within a politics of identity and thus always evolving, even as its critics remain focused on conventional semiotic orders.

This chapter explores the historical concept of performative language and how it has evolved within linguistic anthropological thought up to the modern day. The discussion begins with J. L. Austin's understanding of the performative utterance in the 1960s and traces its conceptual lineage into Judith Butler's understanding of performativity in the 1990s. It then examines how Butler's performativity theory has been taken up by linguistic anthropologists in thinking about performative language, especially scholars of gender, race, and class, largely in conjunction with Silverstein's work on indexicality and indexical performance.

Cet article a pour but de relever et d’examiner les métaphores sensorielles
dans les écrits de Jacques Prévert (1900-1977), célèbre poète et scénariste français, notamment du point de vue de leur valeur littéraire et des connotations qu'elles revêtent. Nous commencerons par la présentation de la poétique de l'auteur pour procéder ensuite à une analyse qualitative détaillée de ses œuvres. Plus précisément, nous nous pencherons sur l'étude des métaphores sonore, tactile, gustative et olfactive. Nous nous intéresserons à la fois à la représentation explicite des sens évoqués plus haut et à l’image de leur absence. C’est l'analyse stylistique et sémantique que nous privilégierons en tant que méthode essentielle et qui nous permettra de définir les dimensions spécifiques que prennent les métaphores sensorielles dans l’œuvre de Prévert.

Neighbouring communities can influence a particular community's speech form, and cultural belief, especially if the community is smaller than others. Such is the case of Ugbódù, an Olùkùmi speaking community that is sandwiched among Igbo speakers in Delta state, and shares a boundary with Esan speakers of Edo state, Nigeria. This paper aims to investigate the influence of Igbo and Esan/Edo languages on Olùkùmi and its extent. This will contribute to the knowledge that a dominant community usually has a magnitude effect on the enclave one i.e. the minority group. Data for this paper are drawn from our research visit to Ugbódù. Competent native speakers and custodians of the heritage of the community were interviewed such as the Ọlo ̣ zà of Ugbódù. Based on the Acculturation Model Theory, this paper shows that language contact has made acculturation inevitable and has a psychological and sociocultural influence on the enclave Ugbódù. Amongst the findings, it is observed that Olùkùmi speakers are predominantly Olùkùmi-Ìgbò bilinguals. Furthermore, the influence of Edo and Igbo is well-pronounced in the social and cultural life of Ugbódù people. In protecting and preserving Olùkùmi, Ugbódù people are taking radical revival steps to instil the love of Olùkùmi in its speakers to guard against its future loss. In conclusion, this paper shows that if a drastic measure is not taken, a dominant language(s) can threaten a dominated group and even result in assimilation acculturation.

Dialects are one of the methods by which we can follow the history, different grammatical structures and vocabulary of a language. Thus, it becomes possible to determine the periods of historical development of languages. The study conducted about the dialects and the documented materials have an important place in the creation of dialect atlases. Documenting and creating language atlases allows to compare dialects living in geographical regions that are far from each other. Many studies have been conducted on Kazakh Turkish language in Kazakhstan and other countries. However, the studies examining the dialects of Kazakh Turkish are quite few and insufficient. In this context, dialect studies conducted in various geographies of the Turkish language is even more important. Because researching and examining dialect-based texts will provide new information and data about the ancient periods of Turkish. Considering that there may be a solution to some issues of the Turkish language that have not yet been clarified, we based our study on the dialects of Kazakh Turks living in the Southern region of Kazakhstan. The dialect in question will be examined in terms of "case suffixes" and its differences from standard Kazakh Turkish will be revealed. Old Turkish and Kazakh Turkish will also be compared with the "case suffixes" of the Southern region of the dialect. Old Turkish and "case suffixes" of the Southern region dialects of Kazakh Turkish will be compared diachronically.

espanolEste capitulo pretende presentar el proceso mediante el cual se desarrollo la seccion en ingles del proyecto del Centro Virtual Cervantes, el Refranero multilingue, una base de datos en linea que incluye equivalentes en varios idiomas de paremias encontradas tanto en la literatura y archivos documentales como en la lengua oral actual. Tras un breve repaso a las tres tecnicas principales para la traduccion de paremias (esto es, por actante, tema o sinonimos), se presenta el proceso traductologico que se siguio para alimentar el Refranero multilingue. Este trabajo llevo, simultaneamente, a la valoracion de once diccionarios de paremias en lengua inglesa como herramienta traductologica. Como es-tudio de caso de estos diccionarios, asi como para explicar mas en detalle la concepcion del Refranero multilingue, se analizan cuatro casos que ilustran el uso de las tecnicas mencionadas anteriormente. Las distintas soluciones de traduccion de paremias pueden ser la traduccion literal, ...

La revitalisation de discours prophétiques et de schémas d'historicité prospective fut un ingrédient essentiel d'une révolte maya majeure qui bouleversa la péninsule du Yucatán (Mexique) au milieu du xix e siècle. Pour les Mayas descendants des rebelles, les prophéties restent aujourd'hui un paradigme central de la compréhension et de la fabrication de l'histoire. En outre, elles continuèrent et continuent de se régénérer. Comment s'est exercée cette dynamique interprétative, agentive et poïétique alors que, pourtant, il n'y a plus de prophète ? C'est ce que cet article s'attache à élucider.

This paper examines the process of “nation-shaping” in a premodern and protonational context, focusing on the political and cultural dimensions of collective identity in Serbian society on the Periphery of Habsburg Monarchy. On one hand, integration factors emerged within frontier society, a unique socio-economic and political-interest group. On the other hand, there were broader influences that transcended administrative boundaries and the status concerns of specific groups, rooted in shared linguistic and religious affiliations. The multiple collective identities characterized both the inhabitants of the Military Frontier and those in civilian areas, as their status became increasingly “politicized” between the end of 17th and the beginning of 19th century. The consolidation of administrative structures also reinforced an awareness of legal status, a sense of belonging, and the community’s self-perception in terms of territory and jurisdiction. The sections are structured around several types of “political manifestations” of collective identity: dynastic patriotism, the religious community, ethnicity and nation, and the state’s estate-based order. The conclusion is dedicated to the manifestations of certain political orientations at the Timișoara Assembly in 1790. Sources suggest that political status did not stem from ethnicity but rather from a legal definition of collectivity based on territorial, religious, and/or professional standing. Status could be clarified by an ethnonym, as members of the same linguistic community often dominated some areas, professional guilds or social estates. Nevertheless, these identities frequently overlapped in “parallel tracks”, contributing to the emergence of the amalgamated Nation. The identity of Serbian frontiersmen serves as a good example of the composite nature of collective identity in a premodern and proto-national context.

Language contact highlights the social dynamics that are crucial to understanding language change and the emergence of linguistic variation and complexity over time. As an analytic approach and field of linguistic anthropological inquiry, it reminds us that the study of language cannot be separated from an in-depth understanding of the social context of contact, highlighting the need to center the analysis of human social practices, interactional dynamics, and broader ideological frameworks in any inquiry of linguistic and social change. Understanding these social processes requires us to think less about individual linguistic forms and more about the range of communicative practices that emerge in zones of language contact. Because linguistic and communicative praxis are another form of social action, attention to the social dynamics of contact-which include the cultural contingencies of contact between speakers of different linguistic varieties, the interactions that emerge and constitute the context of contact, and the ideological frameworks that shape these interactions-are equally important in shaping language change and linguistic complexity over time. Foregrounding the social and cultural aspects of language contact also complicates assumptions around the boundedness of languages. Privileging speaker's orientations and understandings of their contact-influenced linguistic practices can challenge views of language as a bounded, discrete object or as a system of meaning-making that is disembodied from a social context.

The Philosophical Contribution of Kostas Axelos : The Issue of the Open System and Technological Civilization

Kostas Axelos (1924–2010) remains one of the most intriguing and underexplored figures in contemporary philosophy. His work, situated at the crossroads of Marxism, Heideggerian phenomenology, and the philosophy of technology, raises critical questions about the nature of modern civilization and the fate of thought in an increasingly technological world. One of the central academic issues in Axelos’ thought is his concept of the "open system," which presents a radical alternative to both dialectical materialism and structuralism. This issue is especially relevant in our age of digital globalization and algorithmic governance, as it poses fundamental questions about the limits of human autonomy and the possibilities of thought in a technologically determined world.
       
The Open System: A Critique of Closed Philosophical Paradigms
Axelos’ notion of the "open system" challenges traditional metaphysical and epistemological assumptions that rely on closure, determinacy, and finality. Unlike Hegelian dialectics, which seeks resolution through synthesis, Axelos proposes a dynamic, ever-unfolding process that resists totalization. His critique extends to Marxist orthodoxy, which he argues falsely assumes a teleological closure in history. By advocating an open-ended view of reality, Axelos aligns himself with thinkers like Nietzsche and Heidegger, emphasizing a world in flux rather than one governed by fixed structures or ultimate goals.

This issue raises critical academic debates: How can philosophical thought remain relevant in an era dominated by technological systems that impose rigid structures on human existence? Is the "open system" a viable framework for understanding contemporary globalized societies, or does it risk devolving into an abstract and impractical relativism?
For Axelos, closed systems—whether philosophical, political, or scientific—seek to impose rigid frameworks that ultimately stifle thought and creativity. He sees Western metaphysical traditions as largely obsessed with categorization and finality, which leads to an artificial separation between subject and object, mind and world, theory and practice. In contrast, his "open system" embraces indeterminacy and fluidity, recognizing that reality is in perpetual motion and that any attempt to fix meaning within rigid boundaries leads to intellectual stagnation.
Axelos’ concept also engages with existentialist and phenomenological traditions, particularly in how it resists essentialist definitions of being. He challenges not only the dogmas of classical metaphysics but also structuralist tendencies that seek to analyze reality in terms of fixed codes and relationships. Instead, Axelos suggests that the world should be understood as a game (le jeu du monde), a process of continuous becoming where human existence is not predefined but rather shaped by the interactions of open-ended forces. This issue raises critical academic debates: How can philosophical thought remain relevant in an era dominated by technological systems that impose rigid structures on human existence? Is the "open system" a viable framework for understanding contemporary globalized societies, or does it risk devolving into an abstract and impractical relativism? Furthermore, how does Axelos' open system relate to contemporary discussions of complexity theory, cybernetics, and ecological thinking, all of which emphasize the interconnectedness and dynamism of systems?

A related issue in Axelos' work is his analysis of technological civilization. In Le Jeu du Monde (The Play of the World), he argues that technological advancement has not only transformed human existence but has also reshaped the very way we think and conceptualize reality. Technology, in Axelos’ view, is not merely a tool but a fundamental mode of being that structures our world and thought processes.

This raises significant academic concerns about autonomy, alienation, and the role of philosophy. If technology governs human thought as Axelos suggests, can there be genuine freedom in intellectual and political life? How does one resist technological determinism without retreating into romanticized notions of pre-technological existence? Axelos does not advocate for a rejection of technology but rather calls for a new form of thinking that embraces its presence while resisting its totalizing tendencies.

Axelos highlights the paradox of technological civilization: while it offers immense possibilities for connectivity, knowledge production, and efficiency, it also risks subordinating human creativity and autonomy to systemic logic. He critiques the way in which technology, rather than serving human purposes, increasingly dictates them—turning individuals into passive participants in a mechanized world. The dominance of algorithmic governance, artificial intelligence, and automation exemplifies the culmination of this technological destiny, raising profound concerns about the future of human agency.

Furthermore, Axelos’ thought resonates with contemporary debates about digital culture, surveillance capitalism, and the commodification of knowledge. As digital technologies reshape the nature of labor, communication, and governance, the question arises: To what extent can individuals maintain authentic engagement with the world when technological mediation defines nearly every aspect of existence? In this sense, Axelos anticipates concerns found in posthumanist and critical media theories, particularly regarding the erosion of subjectivity in the face of ever-expanding cybernetic systems.

Another crucial aspect of Axelos’ critique is the way in which technological civilization imposes a fragmented, instrumentalized view of knowledge. He challenges the reduction of thought to mere data-processing and the dominance of specialized, compartmentalized disciplines that fail to grasp the holistic nature of existence. By contrast, his open system philosophy encourages a mode of thinking that resists fragmentation and embraces a planetary perspective, one that acknowledges the interrelation of philosophy, science, politics, and art in an ever-evolving world.

Hukuk terimleri yalnızca anayasa, kanunlar, yönetmelikler, sözleşmeler, iddianameler, mahkeme kararları kapsamında karşımıza çıkmaz, görsel-işitsel metinlerde de yer alabilir. Günümüzde talep gören bir uzmanlık alanı olan hukuk çevirilerini öğrencilerin çekindikleri bir alan olmaktan çıkarmak için hukuk çevirisi dersi görsel-işitsel materyallerle desteklenebilir. Araştırma nesnesi olarak belirlenen Netflix'in Criminal (Fransa, İspanya, Almanya ve Birleşik Krallık) dizisindeki terim sorunlarını saptayarak terimbilim odaklı sorgulamalarda bulunmak, terimlerin seslendirme, alt yazı, hukuk çeviri stratejilerini belirlemek ve eşdeğerlik türlerini tartışmak araştırmanın hedefleri arasında yer almıştır. Fransızca ve Türkçe terimler, metin terimbilimi yaklaşımıyla derlenmiştir. Mutlak eşdeğerlik kapsamında ele alınan tek anlamlı terimlerin, anlamsal eşdeğerlik kapsamında ele alınan eş anlamlı terimlerden sayıca daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra gözlem odasındaki gözlem tekniklerine ve bu tekniklerin seslendirme ve alt yazı çevirilerine dair kesitler sunulmuştur. Yakalama, gözaltına alma ve ifade alma yönetmeliğinde yer alan maddeler ile dizide geçen sahneler eşleştirilmiş, adli bilimler kapsamında müdafi ve sorgu memurunun kullandığı kalıp cümlelerin seslendirme ve alt yazı çevirileri arasında bir farka rastlanmamıştır. Hukuk terimlerinin kaynak odaklı çeviri yaklaşımıyla çevrildiği belirlenmiştir. Hukuk terimleri Fransızca seslendirme, Türkçe seslendirme, Fransızca alt yazı ve Türkçe alt yazı olmak üzere dört farklı grupta örneklendirilmiştir. Seslendirme ve alt yazı çevirmenlerinin çeviri kararlarının nasıl şekillendiği incelenmiştir. Seslendirme çevirisinde dudak eşleme, kinetik (jest ve mimik) eşleme nedeniyle alt yazı çevirisinde zaman ve uzam kısıtlarından dolayı sıkça kısaltma, eksiltme, yer değiştirme, açımlama, öykünme, perspektif kaydırma gibi stratejilerin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Alt yazı çevirisinde terimlerin sadeleştirilerek daha anlaşılır kılındığı gözlemlenmiştir. Hukuk çeviribilimi ile hukuk terimbiliminin çevirmen adaylarına ve uzman çevirmenlere yeni bakış açıları kazandırarak çeviribilim araştırmalarını geliştirmesi beklenmektedir.

In this chapter, I explore issues of language diversity loss from an ecological perspective of interconnectedness between speakers and the environment. To this end, I focus on ethnic minorities living in the socalled margins of Europe who, similarly to indigenous peoples worldwide, have been and continue to be disproportionately exposed to conditions of environmental destruction and thus to forms of environmental injustice. I argue that human intervention in the environment of ethnic minorities for the purpose of economic development, e.g. mining activities, not only disrupts local ecosystems and ways of life through degradation and pollution but also exerts negative effects on the cultural diversity of the affected areas, including their vulnerable minority languages, making it harder for minorities to survive as distinct socio-cultural entities. To illustrate the harmful repercussions of mining on the natural and linguistic environment, I present the challenges faced by a number of minority communities and their endangered languages in Europe, including the Sorbs in Lusatia (eastern Germany), the Vlachs in the Timok Valley (eastern Serbia) and the Sámi in northern Sweden. I emphasise that the voice of ethnolinguistic minority groups seems to be largely excluded from the debate on environmental change, as the modernisation and nationalisation imperatives of modern states have prevailed over the need to protect linguistic, cultural and biological diversity. In conclusion, I raise the question of how the struggles

Cart-ruts were first described throughout Malta Archipelago; they were defined as abundant prehistoric Bronze Age Man constructions carved in rock although more recently built cart-ruts may be possible. They consist of deep ruts, rails, tracks, grooves and channels that rarely are strictly parallel. Some of them are convergent or perpendicular to others and also they may abruptly change to curved lines. They are placed either in plains or hill slopes with a variable and high inclination, Cart-ruts purpose is not known, as there were no written images, myth or verbal record about what they were used for. A conjoint multiauthor European Union Project on cart-ruts has found no new conclusion except stressing where they had been found: Malta and Turkey (Bronze Age) and also in Africa (Tunisia, Libya and Egypt) and Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, Greece, Portugal, England and Azerbaijan. Other authors have described them also in Azores Islands and in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain). In the present paper, we show evidence that cart-ruts are found all over Lanzarote Island, mostly placed on hills (volcanoes) tops or slopes. This fact together with their limited length discards their use for transport vehicles. On the other hand, some Malta and Gozo Islands (Malta) pottery decoration dated on 5 th -4 th millennium BC has been found that may represent cart-ruts. This is the first objective and independent evidence indicating that cart-ruts may be dated by other prehistoric information. Also, cart-ruts social, ritual and religious importance is discussed, as they could be used for space and time measurements, including astronomical calculations.

Agribusiness plays a strategic role in the global economy, being one of Brazil's main economic forces. This work presents the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agribusiness, focusing on monitoring pasture animals. The proposal seeks to use IoT technologies to optimize herd management, providing greater control, safety and efficiency in rural operations. The developed system integrates connected devices, location sensors (GPS) and communication networks (such as Sigfox), allowing real-time monitoring of animals in pasture areas. Furthermore, the implementation of geofences makes it possible to define safe areas, sending automatic alerts in cases of animals leaving or entering defined locations. This project attested to the advantages of using IoT, allowing real-time monitoring of the location of animals, with precision and reliability, using maps and automated alerts, consequently contributing to the digital transformation in the field.
(Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Geofence, Agribusiness, Sigfox, GPS).

The Aymara language is increasingly present in Bolivia’s largest metropolitan region. Developments in public transit transform residents’ relationship to urban social space and the location of Aymara within it. Transit signs include existing Aymara toponyms, but also descriptions of urban space without correspondence to Spanish toponyms. This essay combines text analysis with accounts of riders' experiences to argue the material textuality of bilingual signage suggests an assertion of Aymara hegemony in the city. Rather than just preserving heritage, this language policy intervention of bilingual signage throughout the city extends Aymara toponyms beyond areas of Indigenous confinement.

Relative intensity, or degree change, is ubiquitous and consequential in human social life. Practices of gradation enable social actors to make tacit comparisons and erect thresholds, to perform and reinforce norms, and to gauge relationships between experienced qualities. This article investigates intensity as an object for ethnographic theorization and proposes the active body as a key mediator of degree transformation. It revisits anthropological work on salient materialized qualities ("qualia") and posits gradation as a vital, yet underexplored, element of collectively valued qualia. By examining how intensity manifests across dimensions of practice in the sport of rock climbing-dimensions including difficulty, exertion, strength, and humanness-the article also situates sport as a privileged arena of human praxis through which people distill their own actions into value-laden performances.

La Iniciativa Naj Tunich en apoyo a los esfuerzos que realiza el Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes como ente oficial responsable del patrimonio, y considerando que a la vez este Parque es un lugar sagrado para la población maya actual, se realizó la traducción al Maya Q’eqchi’ del Acuerdo Ministerial No. 981-2011, relacionado a la celebración de ceremonias Mayas en sitios arqueológicos administrados por el Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, el cual fue publicado en el Diario Centro América el 21 de Noviembre de 2011.

Esta traducción junto con la versión en español fue publicada por esta Iniciativa en el marco del proyecto Gobernanza para la conservación del lugar sagrado y Parque Arqueológico Naj Tunich, financiado por la New England Biolabs Foundation, a través de la Fundación ProPetén, con el fin de socializar el reglamento con las personas, agrupaciones y entidades interesadas. El proceso fue realizado en coordinación y comunicación con el Departamento de Monumentos Prehispánicos y Coloniales, así como con la Unidad de Lugares Sagrados en el año 2023.

Ancrée dans la région plurilingue et multiculturelle de la côte caraïbe colombienne, cette étude montre combien la variation linguistique peut constituer un puissant levier de différenciation sociale, dans la mesure où les écarts phoniques, loin d’être perçus de manière neutre, sont sémiotisés et réinterprétés à travers des prismes sociaux, historiques et raciaux. S’appuyant sur une approche énactive, l’autrice révèle ainsi que les locuteurs ne se contentent pas de décoder des données phoniques, mais participent activement à leur interprétation, laquelle est façonnée par des stéréotypes et des discours locaux. De ce point de vue, l’exemple des géminations assimilatrices (le "parler frappé"), perçues et commentées négativement uniquement lorsqu’elles sont associées à certains groupes, est particulièrement significatif. Grâce à une méthodologie combinant observations situées, enquêtes et analyse de discours, cet ouvrage propose un éclairage novateur sur les processus de discrimination (épi)linguistique et leur rôle dans la structuration des rapports sociaux.

Le PDF contient la préface de Marcel Hénaff - publiée ici avec l'autorisation des ses ayants droit, que je remercie vivement - à mon ouvrage "L'Odyssée ou Le Retour d'Ulysse" et à titre d'illustration de ses contenus, un extrait de l'ouvrage, le chapitre 11, analyse du chant 14, chant de la rencontre entre Ulysse, déguisé en mendiant par la déesse Athéna, et le serviteur chargé du soin d'un élevage de cochons, Eumée. La subtilité de l'échange entre le maître et son serviteur n'a guère à envier à celle de l'échange entre Mathilde et Julien dans une bibliothèque, dans le roman de Stendhal, "Le Rouge et le Noir".

Je dois encore préciser que l'on ne comprendra bien mon analyse du chant 14 que si l'on sait qu'elle est insérée dans ce que j'appelle le récit du "Retour d'Ulysse", dont la "Télémachie" était absente. Dans l'Odyssée primitive, improvisée, selon mon hypothèse, au moment du retour de Pisistrate en Attique (ou Athika = Ithaka) (-546), Olutteus / Odusseus n'avait pas de fils. "Nous voulons bien de toi", ont fait dire à Pisistrate des citoyens d'Athènes, par l'intermédiaire de l'aède qui avait composé l'Iliade (ou son fils), mais nous ne voulons pas de toi comme roi ; nous ne voulons pas de roi.

The Spanish interjection hola ‘hello’ is today an iconic feature of Spanish
identity – for Spaniards and foreigners alike. Its ubiquity and popularity have made the confusion and endless debates about its origin all the more frustrating, while the position adopted in the most recent edition of the Diccionario de la lengua española (DRAE23) amounts to little more than resignation in the face of an unsolvable problem. In this paper, we aim to rediscuss the hypotheses that have been formulated over the centuries (sic!) regarding the origin of this word, putting forward new arguments in favor of one that has, in recent decades, been neglected. In brief, we shall argue that hola comes from an old Arabic oath formula containing
the name Allah.

This chapter aims to analyse the second stage of Finnish and Karelian bear ceremonialism – the songs and rituals performed during the bear feast in the village of the hunters. The feast in which the bear meat was eaten received a ritual “voluntary visit” of the bruin to the village. During the bear feast, the killed bruin was treated as a groom or a guest of honour participating in a marriage or a drinking party: The hunters stressed the humanlike features of the bear to accomplish a successful ritual exchange. The introduction of the killed bear into the village was even presented as the bear’s wedding, representing a partial and mimetic unification of the people of the forest with the human community. However, the people never forgot the potential dangerousness of the entrance of the bear into the village, or the bear’s alterity. The arrival of the killed bear in the village resembled its attack on cattle, so the hunters encouraged the young women to protect the cows. The bear feast reveals the complexity of the relationship between bears and women, who sometimes refused to eat bear meat. Bringing home killed game animals, and in particular the bear, could cause supernatural illnesses. To avoid these risks, the bear was pleased with songs and offerings of ale, and the eating of the meat and organs was made possible by performing protective rituals. Particularly important was the ritual of eating the powerful organs of the head of the bear (the ears, eyes and tongue), connected to a deep form of bodily and spiritual communion between humans and bears.

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una reflexión sobre la vivencia del svu’el (poder) en el pueblo de Chamula. Se analiza, reflexiona e interpreta el svu'el / poder, a partir de conceptos como ch’ulel, o’nton, j-ilol, vayijel, abtel patan, vaichil, nichimal abtel, jam smelol, mantal, ochel ta rason o smelol, entre otros. Con este ejercicio hermenéutico se intenta arribar a
nuevos posicionamientos epistémicos para entender el pensamiento
tsotsil.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah prinsip kesopanan dan prinsip kerjasama yang terdapat pada novel Suminar karya Tiwiek SA.. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa percakapan yang dituturkan oleh para tokoh yang ada pada novel Suminar karya Tiwiek SA. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Human instrument (peneliti sendiri) dengan menggunakan buku, kartu data dan media pendukung lainnya. Analisis data menggunakan analisis konten yang diuraikan secara pragmatik yang lebih menekankan pada tuturan yang mengandung prinsip kesopanan dan prinsip kerjasama, hasil analisis berupa uraian kata-kata dalam bentuk tabel. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel sebanyak sepuluh tabel yang diambil dari pembahasan yang berupa uraian kata-kata. Data tersebut selanjutnya diterjemahkan dan dianalisis, sehingga diperoleh hasil yaitu; prinsip kesopanan terdapat maksim kebijaksanaan 14 indikator, maksim penghargaan/ penerimaan 6 indikator, maksim kemurahan hati / kedermawanan 8 indikator, maksim kerendahan hati / kesederhanaan 10 indikator, maksim kecocokan / permufakatan 7 indikator, dan maksim kesimpatian 6 indikator. Sedangkan prinsip kerjasama terdapat maksim kuantitas 14 indikator, maksim kualitas 12 indikator, maksim relevansi 7 indikator, dan maksim pelaksanaan 5 indikator.

The Skutnabb-Kangas and Phillipson analysis of linguistic human rights is used as a basis for understanding language replacement phenomena in the United States. Use of Spanish in Chicano communities is shifting rapidly to English despite the huge numbers of recent immigrants who are dominant in Spanish. Accompanying this shift is a precipitous loss of proficiency by Spanish speakers. Such replacement of a language does not depend on personal choices made by speakers, but on the socio-political conditions within the country. Political goals of profits, exploitation, and hegemony drive classist, racist and ethnicist policies whose purpose is to neutralize resistance to the status quo. These are couched in liberal-sounding myths that justify linguicism, which strives to suppress minority cultures and to acculturate their members in order to pacify perceived ethnic group conflict. The Skutnabb-Kangas and Phillipson Linguicism Continuumn is used to demonstrate the degree of linguistic re...

Qurat-ul-Ain Hayder is a great name of Urdu literature. A writer whose family represented three civilizations of Hindustan. Hayder's novel "Aag Ka Darya" has a special place in the world of Urdu literature .A novel that is representative not only of history and civilization but also of anthropology. In the novel, the society, culture, language, historical places and archeology of India can be examined in the perspective of anthropology .The language of the novel, the dialogues of the characters, the regional culture, civilization and religious symbols have incorporated Indian anthropology very well in this writing. The atmosphere of the novel describe the Vedic period to the Maurya dynasty, the Mughal era, the imperial period and finally the partition of India to events and their historical background. Three stages of time has been discussed according to the theory of Reincarnation. Same main characters represent all ages of these three eras.. Famous cities of Bharat and Pakistan, like Banaras, Lakhnow, Shrawsti, Uttar Koshal, Karachi etc. present their cultural and social Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistic anthropology and Physical anthropology as well .

"El libro que el lector tiene a la vista es un aporte singular a la
bibliografía del pensamiento paraguayo. Y lo es no solamente desde
el punto de vista de un minucioso trabajo de rescate de una “sabiduría
primigenia”. El autor, Cristian Andino, realiza una disección
con fino escalpelo de la palabra y su implicancia en el universo de
los guaraníes. Así, problematiza y entabla un diálogo crítico y muy
fructífero con pensadores nacionales y extranjeros. No obstante, la
riqueza y el aporte de este ensayo no podría limitarse únicamente a
la mera constatación de la “existencia de un pensamiento” sistemáticamente ninguneado. Su contribución rebasa los límites del pensamiento y la reflexión meramente filosófica y académica. Cristian Andino sube el listón del pensamiento y nos impele a comprometernos políticamente en la construcción de las condiciones necesarias para hacer posible un fecundo y genuino diálogo". (Del prólogo de José Manuel Silvero Arévalos).

Medical ethnolinguistics is a discipline representing a branch of ethnolinguistics that is focused on the language used by ethnic groups in developing their medical terminology and phraseology, and in perceiving and defining their medical practices and traditions.

Ageneza desne gornje šuplje vene uz perzistirajuću lijevu gornju šuplju venu Concomitant persistent left superior vena cava and agenesis of right superior vena cava 10th Congress of the Croatian Cardiac Society with International Participation Cardiologia Croatica 2014;9(9-10):378.

This paper centers on the analysis of an AI-generated conversation created using Google’s GEMMA Language Model. Notebook LM, an advanced generative AI tool, allows the synthesis of ideas and generates dialogue based on multiple source texts. The conversation was crafted as a synthetic interaction between virtual entities, designed to represent key arguments and insights from three academic articles spanning distinct fields: computer science, philosophy, and pharmacology.
Each article was selected to reflect unique disciplinary perspectives, stylistic differences, and thematic relevance to the integration of Artificial Intelligence in diverse areas of study. The first article, Schneider (2021), addresses AI’s role in language technologies, particularly its impact on language diversity and linguistic hierarchies. The second article, Coffin (2021), delves into the philosophical notion of the “machinic unconscious,” exploring how environmental and technological systems shape subconscious influences. Finally, the seminal paper by Lowry et al. (1951) was chosen for its historical significance and as the most cited paper in the Web of Science Index, with 305,148 citations. This classic paper introduced the Lowry protein assay, a foundational method in biochemical research, illustrating both the longevity and influence of scientific methodologies. Together, these articles provide an interdisciplinary lens through which to examine AI’s impact on language, thought, and scientific processes.
Guided by the theoretical frameworks of Agha (2007) and Silverstein (2023, 1976), this paper investigates how AI bots enact socially recognizable identities and adapt linguistic strategies to perform specific roles. For more grounded theoretical support, Wolfram’s (2023) insights into the mechanics of neural networks for GenAI offer a technical understanding of how language models structure and replicate human communication. Agha’s concept of enregisterment and Silverstein’s notions of contextual shifters frame the analysis of how bots simulate conversational practices that align with human rituals: “The Podcast”.

To contribute to discussions of the collective enterprise of identity making, we turn to online retail spaces and to communicative practices articulated therein. We argue that identity does not emerge spontaneously from atomised market relations, but that collective spaces generate interaction which distributes relations of belonging intermediated by the virtual prism of digital sharing, in this case around the online fashion brand, ASOS.com. Simpson (2005) captures the logic of studying such online spaces as sites of collectivity, suggesting that the 'idea that one may construct an online identity that in turn shapes and forms one's 'real world' identity carries with it the potential to construct cyberspace as a new frontier in the mapping of identity'. The corollary of this logic is that identity is itself sustained by sources of social cohesion beyond immediate market relations. With its street credentials firmly expressed in an edgy brand ethos, we study the ASOS online community and how it cultivates particular forms of relational interplay that organize identity.

In this paper we illustrate why it is important for linguists engaged in endangered language documentation to develop an analytical understanding of the cultural meanings that language, language loss, and language documentation have for the communities they work with. Acknowledging the centrality of cultural meanings has implications for the kinds of questions linguists ask about the languages they are studying. For example: How is age interpreted? What reactions are provoked by accented speech or multilingualism? Is language shift experienced as a painful loss, or a source of newfound freedom, or both? It affects the standards we set for what counts as a satisfying explanation for language endangerment, with prediction necessarily limited in sociogeographic scope. It has implications for the research methods employed, calling for serious engagement with the particular histories and interpretive practices of local linguistic communities. Analyzing cultural meanings can help us see how language use and changes in language use are experienced and therefore acted on by people whose communicative behavior we are concerned with. It can help us interpret why language shift is taking place in a particular community, guide the practices of language documentation and preservation that linguists engage in with that community, and contribute to effective revitalization.

In this paper we illustrate why it is important for linguists engaged in endangered language documentation to develop an analytical understanding of the cultural meanings that language, language loss, and language documentation have for the communities they work with. Acknowledging the centrality of cultural meanings has implications for the kinds of questions linguists ask about the languages they are studying. For example: How is age interpreted? What reactions are provoked by accented speech or multilingualism? Is language shift experienced as a painful loss, or a source of newfound freedom, or both? It affects the standards we set for what counts as a satisfying explanation for language endangerment, with prediction necessarily limited in sociogeographic scope. It has implications for the research methods employed, calling for serious engagement with the particular histories and interpretive practices of local linguistic communities. Analyzing cultural meanings can help us see h...

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