Anthropology

As Pierre Bourdieu taught us, personal taste, be it for art or recreation, is not personal at all but, rather, is constituted by class background or class aspiration. Unlike professional golf, tennis, or swimming, US football is a popular rather than a middle-class or niche sport. As a game that demands collective submission to discipline and relies on individual strength and aggression, its appeal is consistent with a habitus in which work involves an instrumental relationship to the body. This correspondence makes it hard for both the fans and the players, most of whom hail from blue-collar backgrounds, not to see their authentic and true selves in the moment of the game. They find little role distance from it, to use Erving Goffman's term. Working-class immigrants in the United States have long been drawn to popular sports-not just for joy but as a means of acculturation to the ethos of their host society and as a shortcut to "getting over." For such immigrants, football is more than a game. Nothing less than the whole person takes his stance on the line, and therefore nothing less than his manliness, family, and ethnic identity are at risk with the snap of the ball. Tony Vainuku and Erika Cohn have made a handsome, multilayered video about the subjective and sociological significance of football among a segment of working-class Polynesian immigrants in Salt Lake City. In Football We Trust is a nicely paced, bittersweet film featuring talking heads along with images of home, school, the field of play, the weight room, and, inevitably, lunatic high school coaches raving in locker rooms. All this allows us to come to know the aspirations and tragedies of a handful of Tongan and American Samoan young men whose parents or grandparents left home in the Pacific, under the aegis of the Mormon church, and resettled in Utah. "There's a lot of pride in our culture," one Tongan player currently in the NFL tells the camera. "We have great

This thesis analyses the social relationships of a group of northern Hai || om, who also call themselves =j=Akhoe, in the Oshikoto region of Namibia. The Hai ||om are a Khoisan-speaking group, labelled "Bushmen" or "San" by outsiders, who were dispossessed of their land during the colonial period. Today most Hai || om combine hunting, gathering, agriculture, handicrafts, wage labour, and cattle-keeping in a mixed economy. The Hai || om changing economy has elements of an immediate-retum strategy aimed at gaining access to the delayed-retum economies of neighbouring groups, particularly Owambo-speaking agropastoralists, and farmers of European origin. Based on long-term participant observation with the Hai || om, this thesis shows the flexibility and versatility of Hai || om social organization and its institutions. Particular reference is made to the ways in which social categories are established on the basis of material transactions (sharing, giftgiving, bartering and commercial exchange), and are grounded in shared classifications of land and its resources. The thesis documents and analyses how Hai || om construct and maintain social relations, including relations with outsiders, in everyday social interaction. Patterns of Hai || om social practice involving these social relations emerge in language pragmatics, in the usage of space, and in ritual activities. The thesis also includes an analysis of representations of ethnic identity and economic difference in Hai||om folklore. The investigation shows that Hai || om social relationships and social values continue to shape the diversity and overall flexibility that characterize Hai || om life today. Although Hai || om have little power to influence the conditions imposed on them by national and international contexts, Hai || om social strategies across changing conditions can be explained on the basis of a set of instituted social practices centred around open accessibility and informal common ground. The material presented in this thesis was collected during a total of twentythree months of field research in the years 1990-1994 with the Hai||om in Namibia. The core area of my research was the Oshikoto region (formally part of the Tsumeb district and Owamboland) in the central north of Namibia where Hai || om also refer to themselves as 4=Akhoe.

This paper focuses on the theme of educating to think. The education to thought is a highly topical methodology, in terms of critical thinking and doubt, which initiate processes of reflection and move away from rigid and dogmatic visions. The central point concerns the opportunity to promote a rational activity, not understood as a fideistic attitude towards the great possibilities of reason, but as adesire to direct the educational process on a well-founded scientific basis. There aremany formulations in support of educating to think; they have inspired concrete teaching methodologies focused on the development of critical thinking, preferring doubt, research, cooperative activity, problem solving. Among them, a prominent place is occupied by Cooperative Learning and Problem-Based Learning. They are characterized by analogous aspects and by different factors, but are oriented towards a common intentionality relating to the development of critical and creative thinking, through the...

In the first part, the global economic crisis that began with the banking collapse of 2008 is attributed to the end of the system of money that dominated the last century, «national capitalism». This entails the break-up on «all-purpose money» or national monopoly currency and its replacement by a distributed global network of financial agencies issuing  specialized monetary instruments in many forms. The political challenge is to devise forms of government adequate to controlling money in this new form. But the old ideas persist to the detriment of finding effective solutions. The second part takes off from the recent publication of The Human Economy: A Citizen’s Guide (20100, an international collaboration that grew out of the «alter-globalization» movement. A human economy gives priority to what people really do and has the interests of humanity in mind. A programme for building a human economy in the current historical context is outlined; and the prospects for economic anthropology after the financial crisis are considered briefly in conclusion.

Collection of abstracts from the BKT 2025 International Conference on Reimagining and Reclaiming the Knowledge Traditions of Bharat: Beyond Boundaries and Definitions, 3rd & 4th March 2025.

Sponsored by ICSSR AND MAKAIAS
In Association with Prajna Pravah
Organised By
Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy
School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi – 110067 (India)

ObjectivesIn primates, allogrooming and other affiliative behaviors confer many benefits and may be influenced by many socioecological factors. Of these, the impact of anthropogenic factors remain relatively understudied. Here we ask whether interactions with humans decreased macaques' affiliative behaviors by imposing time‐constraints, or increased these behaviors on account of more free‐/available‐time due to macaques' consumption of high‐energy human foods.Materials and methodsIn Southern India, we collected data on human–macaque and macaque–macaque interactions using focal‐animal sampling on two groups of semi‐urban bonnet macaques for 11 months. For each macaque within each climatic season, we calculated frequencies of human–macaque interactions, rates of monitoring human activity and foraging on anthropogenic food, dominance ranks, grooming duration, number of unique grooming partners, and frequencies of other affiliative interactions.ResultsWe found strong evidence fo...

ObjectivesThe impact of anthropogenic environmental changes may impose strong pressures on the behavioral flexibility of free‐ranging animals. Here, we examine whether rates of interactions with humans had both a direct and indirect influence on the duration and distribution of social grooming in commensal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).Materials and MethodsData were collected in two locations in the city of Shimla in northern India: an urban setting and a temple area. We divided these two locations in a series of similar‐sized physical blocks (N = 48) with varying rates of human–macaque interactions. We conducted focal observations on three free‐ranging rhesus macaque groups, one in the urban area and two in the temple area.ResultsOur analysis shows that macaques engaged in shorter grooming bouts and were more vigilant while grooming in focal sessions during which they interacted with people more frequently, suggesting that humans directly affected grooming effort and vigilance b...

This article explores an experimental approach to mine closure planning and community participation that foregrounds the dialogue between technical and legal approaches to the mine and the knowledge and values of affected Indigenous communities. Located in the Inuit territory of Nunavik in the Canadian province of Québec, the Raglan Mine is the site of a unique collaborative approach to mine closure planning. Although the Raglan Mine is expected to remain operational for at least another 20 years, the Closure Plan Subcommittee was launched in March 2018 to establish and maintain a dialogue with the mine's Inuit partners about mine closure. The objective is "to integrate the traditional knowledge of the communities, but also to exchange the scientific knowledge of the technical experts and the mine." Drafted in collaboration with members of the Subcommittee, this article reviews the regulatory context for mine closure planning in Nunavik, including the lack of requirements for community-engaged planning or integration of socioeconomic objectives. It also reviews the key milestones of the Subcommittee's work to date and assesses progress towards its objective of establishing culturally relevant closure goals and criteria, and the integration of Inuit knowledge, enterprise, and industry know-how in the closure planning process.

ADHD is, I argue, an impairment in sense of time and a matter of difference in rhythm; it can be understood as a certain being in the world, or more specifically, as a disruption in the experience of time and a state of desynchronization and arrhythmia. Through excerpts of interviews with adults diagnosed with ADHD and observations, I illustrate how impairment in time is manifested in an embodied experience of being out of sync. I suggest that the experience of ADHD is characterized as 1) an inner restlessness and bodily arrhythmia; 2) an intersubjective desynchronization between the individual and its surroundings; and 3) a feeling of lagging behind socially due to difficulties in social skills. In closing, I argue that an increasingly accelerating society is augmenting the experience of being out of sync rather than eliminating it.

У овом раду бавимо се односом антропологије и фолклористике. При томе нас пре свега занимају теоријске и методолошке сличности и разлике између ове две дисциплине, а мање институционална (политичка) решења која су произвела одређене форме знања. Чини се да је разлика између фолклористике и антропологије пре свега у томе што се антропологија фокусира на социјални и културни "контекст" процеса, појава и артефаката, док се фолклористика, у својим почецима, бавила проучавањем фолклорних уметничких форми. Антрополошки приступ у фолклористици допринео је да се фолклор посматра у конкретној комуникативној ситуацији, те да се фолклорне форме сагледају у друштвеном и културном контексту у којем настају, чиме се проширују границе проучавања и шири опсег самог појма фолклора. Антропологија би из фолклористике могла да преузме разумевање фолклора као "естетске интервенције" у култури/друштву и питањима фолклора приступи ван социолошких парадигми "дpуштвене функције". У том смислу, предлажемо употребу теорије уметности Алфреда Гела, као експериментални покушај проширивања простора за сусрет ове две дисциплине. Кључне речи: антропологија, фолклористика, социјални и културни контекст, теорија уметности Алфреда Гела This paper investigates the relationship between anthropology and folkloristics. We are interested in theoretical and methodological similarities and differences between these 1 Овај текст је настао као резултат итраживања на пројекту бр. 177026 "Култрно наслеђе и иденитет", који у целости финансира Министарство просвете, науке и технолошког развоја Републике Србије.

SUDAR TITANA ILI NARCIZAM MALIH RAZLIKA? 2 APSTRAKT U ovom radu razmatra se odnos između socio-kulturne antropologije i studija kulture sa dodatnim osvrtom na njihov odnos u domaćoj sredini. Sa pojavom tzv. "krize reprezentacije" osamdesetih godina prošlog veka preispitujući svoje političke i epistemološke pozicije, antropologija je postala svesna svojih političkih pozicija i upustila se u dijalog sa tada narastajućim trendovima studija kulture. Ovaj dijalog doveo je do otvaranja antropologije prema različitim teorijskim paradigmama koje nisu dolazile iz same discipline, već iz različitih pravaca studija kulture (dekonstruktivistička kritika, različite teorije "moći delovanja"), pri tome se najčešće i dalje (s pravom) držeći ideje da je specifi čnost antropologije "terenski rad" -određena vrsta etnografske imaginacije. U međuvremenu, sa "krizom kritike", studije kulture izgubile su politički zamajac iz vremena kada se činilo da će "studije kulture biti smrt antropologije", te je situacija danas takva da su studije kulture te koje bi svoju kritičku oštricu mogle da povrate oslanjajući se na neke nove paradigme iz antropologije. To ne znači da će "antropologija biti smrt studija kulture", već pre da se kroz dijalog sa paradigmama koje se čine prilično udaljenim od savremenih kretanja u studijama kulture (kao što je "ontološki obrt") otvori prostor za istinsko promišljanje savremenog sveta, čemu su studije kulture oduvek težile.

This paper aims to offer a brief introduction to an­thropological studies of modernity and the state. I try to in­troduce some of the most important theoretical works in this field, built up in different ethnographic contexts ranging from Turkey to Latin America. I was trying to show some of the possibilities of the research of modernity and the state in an­thropology emphasizing what anthropology can offer to wider debates on these topics. I argue that the ideas of modernity and the state are far more ambivalent then it sometimes may seem in European political theory and that anthropology can offer an insight into alternative forms of modernity and the state and into wider debates on these topics.

This study explores public childcare policies in socialist Yugoslavia and their postsocialist transformation in Serbia. Focusing on gender regimes of the state provided childcare, we examine how they reflect ideology of availability of public childcare facilities—crèches and kindergartens. Basing our work on archival sources, interviews, and ethnographic material, we show that despite the socialist state’s ideology of gender equality, women continued to be primary caregivers, while the female kinship networks acted as an additional safety net due to unavailability of childcare facilities. This article reveals long-term patterns of childcare practices, only slightly altered with the fall of socialism.

This study belongs to a new archaeological subdiscipline in Russian and Israeli research-the archaeology of Russian presence, addressing cultural, ethnic, and geopolitical contacts between the Russian Empire and the Near Eastern, specifi cally Syro-Palestinian, population in the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. This was the time when a new sociocultural entity emerged, known as Russian Palestine. Many thousands of Orthodox Christians from Russia (including Siberia) traveled to the Holy Land each year. A prolonged Russian residence in the Ottoman part of Palestine, where Russia owned dozens of estates, had a profound impact on Palestinian culture. Important evidence thereof are archaeological sites relating to Russian estates and pilgrimage centers. This article provides information on newly discovered Russian estates in 19th century Jerusalem, remains of buildings with their infrastructure at the Russian and Benjamin's estates, and the Russian Compound outside the Jaffa Gate. Evidence of the Russian presence include numerous 18th-19th century lapidary inscriptions, utensils left by the fi rst Russian missionaries, small cemeteries, and separate burials (some of them very interesting, such as the burial of a Russian pilgrim at Aceldama, Jerusalem). One fi nd is unusual-a family synodikon from Aceldama, printed in Moscow. Among the inscriptions are professional ones, made in the monumental style, and usual prayer graffi ti. One inscription has allowed us to determine the date of the pilgrimage to Constantinople and Palestine by the Chernigov monks, described by Sylvester (Dikansky).

The editorial reflects on the crisis of the left, highlighting its failure to represent the poor, historically its core base. It recommends Works by Vitaliano Trevisan, a raw “working autobiography” portraying Italy’s new proletariat, comparable to Trump’s U.S. electorate. Trevisan vividly depicts exploited workers—marked by contradictions, misogyny, and racism—without romanticizing poverty. His brutally honest narrative exposes a violent and contradictory world that must be understood for meaningful societal change.

The focus of this paper is one of the paradoxes of international migration: the unexpectedly low level of migration between neighbouring countries with large macro-economic differentials; in this case migration from the former Soviet republics to Sweden. In line with Faist (2000), one assumption in the study is that the dynamics of international migration are strongly influenced by the emergence of a transnational social space. Based on a database (ASTRID) containing individual information about all residents in Sweden for the period 1986-2003, the study includes an analysis of migration in relation to the transnational social space -its bridging and adaptive functions -including labour market integration, family situation, intermarriage, population circulation and the spatial clustering of immigrants. The study reveals an over-representation of female immigrants and a high frequency of intermarriage among women migrants. Moreover, a changing migrant composition over the past decades was found, including a growing number of students, whereas the empirical analyses indicate a rather weak labour market position among immigrants from former Soviet republics. However, the position of recently arrived migrants has been enhanced over time, and migrants who stay for longer periods attain a stronger position on the labour market. The analyses also show an increasing number of highly educated persons among immigrants from the former Soviet republics. Furthermore, migrants from the former Soviet republics who move to Sweden tend to remain rather than return. In addition, the empirical analysis shows only minor tendencies of spatial clustering among the migrants.

While there is a proliferation of numerical data in healthcare, little attention has been paid to the role of numbers in constituting the healthcare reality they are intended to depict. This study explores the performativity of numbers in the microlevel management of rheumatoid disease. We draw on a study of patients' and physicians' use of the numbers in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Registry, conducted between 2009-2014. We show how the numbers performed by constructing the disease across time, and by framing action. The numerical performances influenced patients and physicians in different ways, challenging the former to quantify embodied disease and the latter to subsume the disease into one of many possible trajectory standards. Based on our findings, we provide a model of the dynamic performativity of numbers in the on-going management of illness. The model conceptualises how numbers generate new possibilities; by creating tension and alignment they may open up new avenues for communication between patients and physicians.

While there is a proliferation of numerical data in healthcare, little attention has been paid to the role of numbers in constituting the healthcare reality they are intended to depict. This study explores the performativity of numbers in the microlevel management of rheumatoid disease. We draw on a study of patients' and physicians' use of the numbers in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Registry, conducted between 2009-2014. We show how the numbers performed by constructing the disease across time, and by framing action. The numerical performances influenced patients and physicians in different ways, challenging the former to quantify embodied disease and the latter to subsume the disease into one of many possible trajectory standards. Based on our findings, we provide a model of the dynamic performativity of numbers in the on-going management of illness. The model conceptualises how numbers generate new possibilities; by creating tension and alignment they may open up new avenues for communication between patients and physicians.

The contemporary healthcare literature suffers from a disproportionate focus on 'given' externally created innovations, and belief in ordered, planned and well-funded implementation processes. As an alternative, the present paper highlights the potential of emergent change processes, using the continuous invention and re-invention of the Rheumatology Quality Registry in Sweden as an example. This 19 year long process, which is still ongoing, does not exhibit the sequential steps that are allegedly determinants of success in the innovation and implementation literature. Yet, it has produced system-wide improvements. We draw on more than 100 informal and formal meetings with practitioners involved in the process studied, observations, documentation analysis and quantitative registry-data. A total of 67 interviews with registry-users and external stakeholders were also performed. The dissipative structures model (complexity theory) was used to analyze the data. The studied process illustrates an ongoing, practice-driven improvement process, which was sparked by abstract and indirect energies that interacted with more concrete innovations such as new drugs. For example, participants tapped new information technologies, changing perspectives and governmental priorities to challenge current ways of working and introduce new ideas. Ideas were realized and spread through various self-organized processes that involved the re-arrangement of existing resources rather than acquisition of new resources. Taken together, these processes brought Swedish rheumatology to new levels of functioning 1992e2011. An important implication of our work is that incremental and practice-driven change processes can significantly transform care systems in the long run. Policy makers need to acknowledge and foster such ongoing innovation processes at micro-level, rather than focusing exclusively on innovations as externally created 'things' that await 'implementation'.

Bitki caylari (tibbi bitki caylari olarak da adlandirilmaktadir), saglik uzerine olumlu etkilerinden dolayi her yas grubu tarafindan tuketilmektedir. Bu calismada tuketici seviyesinde ambalajli ve/veya ambalajsiz olarak satisa sunulan farkli bitki caylarinin (kekik, nane, rezene, adacayi, ihlamur, hatmi, sinameki, defne, civanpercemi ve anason) hijyenik kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaclandi. Analiz edilen 120 ornegin %95, %90, %77.5, %74.16, %42.5, %14.17, %3.3 ve %2.5’inin sirasiyla toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteriler (TMAB), kuf-maya, Enterobacteriaceae, koliform, sulfit indirgeyen anaerob bakteriler, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus spp., Escherichia coli ve Salmonella spp. ile kontamine oldugu belirlendi. Ancak orneklerin hicbirinde Staphylococcus aureus ve Bacillus cereus tespit edilmedi. En yuksek ortalama TMAB (5.03 log10 kob/g) ve kuf-maya sayisi (4.78 log10 kob/g) nane orneklerinde, Enterobacteriaceae (4.19 log10 kob/g) ve koliform sayisi ise hatmi (3.87 log10 kob/g) orneklerinde bu...

La Madre dell'Acqua del Sud è Domnu, la Madre dei Fomoriani (1), così come Danu era la Madre dei Túatha Dé Dánann. Lei è la Donna dell'oceano. Regina delle profondità oceanine, Madre delle acque che evaporano formando le nuvole: e così la pioggiaovvero acqua -ritorna alla terra, penetrando in profondità nel terreno da cui emerge nelle sorgenti e nei fiumi. Domnu è legata al blu e ai riflessi dell'acqua. è anche la Luna Piena, una sfera splendente e argentata, che si riflette nell'acqua. I suoi animali sono la balena, la foca, il delfino, il salmone e tutte le creature che vivono nel mare. Come tutte le Dee marine, Domnu può essere dolce ma anche pericolosa e travolgente (il mare in tempesta). Nota di Lunaria: altre Dee marine sono Yemanja (Brasile), Obba (Africa; anche Oshun, pur essendo la Dea della bellezza e dell'amore, è spesso rappresentata intenta a bagnarsi dentro un

Resumo Neste artigo, buscamos refletir sobre a produção da voz de pessoas transexuais e travestis por práticas e tecnologias biomédicas de generificação. Durante dois anos, realizamos pesquisa etnográfica, por meio de observação participante, entrevistas e acompanhamento cotidiano no Ambulatório Trans da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Timbres de voz evocam corpos que tendem a ser imaginados por quem os ouve como masculinos ou femininos. Uma pessoa que não vocaliza de forma a confirmar essa linearidade pode ter o gênero colocado sob dúvida. As pessoas que cruzam essa linearidade buscam atuar sobre a voz, estabelecendo, para tal, complexas negociações com profissionais de saúde e serviços de saúde. A nova voz surge dessas negociações, nos encontros entre hormônios e práticas de fonoaudiologia.

The dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) method was used to measure temperature and the absolute mole fractions of N 2 , O 2 and H 2 in a supersonic combustor. Experiments were conducted in the NASA Langley Direct-Connect Supersonic Combustion Test Facility. CARS measurements were performed at the facility nozzle exit and at three planes downstream of fuel injection. Processing the CARS measurements produced maps of the mean temperature, as well as quantitative N 2 and O 2 and qualitative H 2 mean mole fraction fields at each plane. The CARS measurements were also used to compute correlations between fluctuations of the different simultaneously measured parameters. Comparisons were made between this 90° angle fuel injection case and a 30° fuel injection case previously presented at the 2004 Reno AIAA Meeting. This paper is one of a series of papers from NASA Langley Research Center that describe CARS measurements in a supersonic combustor . The previous studies concerned the injection of H 2 fuel into the combustor at 30 degrees to the wall. Although the enthalpy of the combustion-heated air-simulant was that of Mach 7 flight, the

Somayeh Karimi, Alireza Hassanzadeh

Abstract: Urbanization, industrialization, growth in population, as well as the inefficient municipal sewage system
discharge pollutants into Goharrud and Zarjub rivers (which were the source of the formation of Rasht city centuries
ago) carry pollution to regional villages and farms and pollute the Caspian Sea and Anzali Lagoon in northern Iran.
The lack of attention toward environmental models of sustainable development, which are based on environmental
stability and development of urban dwellings, has practically turned these rivers into a place for industrial, household,
and agricultural waste in Rasht and along the route of these rivers. This ecological issue has had an effect on humanenvironment
relations in this region. Accordingly, the pollution of these rivers has changed the lifestyle of the locals in
the past few decades. Simultaneously, the rural heritage has lost its importance in people’s lifestyle and environmental
behavior, and the rural geographical and cultural perspectives have undergone a change. Through a critical approach,
this article discusses how people’s ontological understanding of the concept of water and its role as an intrinsic cleaner
that is never contaminated has reinforced the water pollution cycle. By respecting the human-environment relationship,
the present article tries to scrutinize cultural patterns of environmental behaviors in relation to the river.
Keywords: River Pollution, Biological and Cultural Panic, Rural/Urban Horizon, Rivers in Collective Memory,
Ontological Perception of Water
Somayeh Karimi,1 Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Iran
Alireza Hassanzadeh, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Research Institute, Iran
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1077/CGP/v17i01/34-44
Citation: Karimi, Somayeh , and Alireza Hassanzadeh. 2021. "An Anthropological Approach to Ecological Issues: A Study of Attitudes toward River Pollution in Gilan Province, Iran." The International Journal of Environmental Sustainability 17 (1): 34-44. doi:10.18848/2325-1077/CGP/v17i01/34-44.
Extent: 11 pages

The ongoingimpactofthe dehumanising transatlantic slave trade, which took placefrom the 16 th to the 19 th century, can be still felt today. Karen McCarthy Brown reflected on the powerful experience of how the Vodou priestess Mama Lola began to sob when visiting the Door of No Return monument in Ouidah, Benin. Arriving at the beach memorial, she experienced flashback memories of an ancestor passing through the site on the wayt ot he slave ship. By "heating up" the memories of her ancestors, the priestess pulled them from "their place beneatht he waters of forgetting" and restored them.¹ This moment illustrates the significance of Vodou and the other African-derivedr eligions across the Americas as "sites of memory",w hich have helped to challenget he dominating paradigm of "victimization".But how can these memories be overcome? Is healing reallyp ossible? Focusing on African-derivedr eligions such as Haitian Vodou and Brazilian Candomblé, this chapter discusses how religious sites of memoryc an provide aw ay of dealing with thed ehumanization of enslavement in ap ostcolonial world. It follows Aleida Assmann'sa rgument that locations such as monuments and memorials are not sufficientiftheyare not supported by rituals, personalmemories and narratives.² Based on anthropological research conducted among Caribbean communities and in Brazil, the author argues that these religions with their ceremonies and oral traditions helped to maintain cultural BettinaE .S chmidt, DPhil (habil.), PhD,M Ai nc ultural anthropology (Marburg University,G ermany), professor in the study of religions and anthropologyo fr eligion at the

Wrocław Psychology: People and Ideas

Fragments of the Publisher's Review
The monograph “Wrocław Psychology: People and Ideas” is a comprehensive study that thoroughly presents the development of psychology at the University of Wrocław. Thanks to the interdisciplinary approach of editors Jolanta Kowal and Kiriakos Chatzipentidis, along with the team of authors, the history, profiles of prominent psychologists, and their contributions to various scientific subdisciplines have been showcased.

Structure and Scope
The publication is divided into seven chapters, covering a wide thematic spectrum – from historical roots, through clinical, social, and work psychology, to interdisciplinarity.

The book is distinguished by:

Interdisciplinarity: Highlights the connections between psychology and other fields, such as philosophy or neuropsychology.

Historical Context: Shows the evolution of science, from philosophical foundations to contemporary achievements.

Breadth of Analysis: Addresses both methodological issues and practical applications.

Summary
The monograph “Wrocław Psychology: People and Ideas” is a valuable source of knowledge for researchers and psychology students, showcasing the rich heritage of the discipline. The publication constitutes an important contribution to the historiography of Polish psychology and serves as an excellent starting point for further research.

Complete and accurate human skeletal inventory is seldom possible in archaeological and forensic cases involving severe fragmentation. In such cases, skeletal mass comparisons with published references may be used as an alternative to assess skeletal completeness but they are too general for a case-by-case routine analysis. The objective is to solve this issue by creating linear regression equations to estimate the total mass of a skeleton based on the mass of individual bones. Total adult skeletal mass and individual mass of the clavicle, humerus, femur, patella, carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, and metatarsal bones were recorded in a sample of 60 skeletons from the 21st century identified skeletal collection (University of Coimbra). The sample included 32 females and 28 males with ages ranging from 31 to 96 years (mean = 76.4; sd = 14.8). Skeletal mass linear regression equations were calculated based on this sample. The mass of individual bones was successfully used to predict the app...

Western culture has had a profound influence on Vietnamese culture and literature during the colonial period, especially in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. During this historical period, records appeared about the journey of Vietnamese people to France with different purposes. Based on this context, the article studies the attitude of Vietnamese intellectuals towards French culture to see the acculturation of Vietnamese to Western culture. Based on the cultural approach to studying travel writing, the article explores the French cultural awareness of some Vietnamese intellectuals such as Pham Quynh, Dao Trinh Nhat and Nhat Linh. Each story of their journey as an explanation for the purpose of the journey is the expression of aspirations: reforming Vietnamese culture, awareness of colonialism and feminism, and renewal of novels. These are current issues of contemporary Vietnamese culture and literature. From that, it is possible to recognize the characteristics of the travel writing about the journey to France representing the travel stories of the colonized people to the Western imperial countries and the process of escaping from slavery norms of Western culture. With an interdisciplinary approach to studying travel history, the article also provides a view of the process of modernizing Vietnamese literature in the first half of the 20th century.

This article interrogates the social life and afterlife of a Dutch flood control project, or polder, in Semarang, Indonesia. While arguing that there is no such thing as a typical Dutch polder, the article shows how Dutch attempts to claim universal hydraulic knowledge allow partners of a bilateral development project to discuss the sociotechnical contours of an anti-flooding project and legitimise urgent infrastructural intervention. Only upon failing to implement the original polder design and achieve the main project target—involving local residents in bottom-up maintenance and operation—Indonesian and Dutch actors question each other’s expertise and understanding of the problem, blaming both Dutch and Indonesian political culture for failure. Despite remaining unfinished, the polder continues to do important work: people in the Indonesian government claim that it makes coastal neighbourhoods resilient to climate change, while Dutch actors frame it as an initial experiment. The article ends with a discussion of how failed attempts at universalising technology still pave the way for economic exchange. The incomplete polder played a significant role in selling Dutch expertise to flood-plagued cities in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, which suggests an ‘impoldering’ of hydrological knowledge in the age of global flooding.

Tourism impacts are a widely studied topic and these can be classified as economic, sociocultural, and environmental. Considering that the resident is the most sensitive stakeholder to the impacts, these subjects are usually associated with research. Cultural events also end up generating impacts and understanding how residents perceive the sociocultural effects is essential to the success of this type of event. Thus, this study aims to analyse the sociocultural determinants of creative tourism based on the perspective of residents living in a small village called Amares (Portugal), in the north of Portugal, very close to Braga. Consequently, 202 questionnaires were applied, face-to-face and by Internet using Google Forms, for residents of Amares between March and July 2020. Exploratory Factor analysis with varimax with the Kaiser normalisation rotation method was applied. Three determinants were extracted. The first determinant is related to the costs of the sociocultural effects. The second determinant indicates the benefits related to the cultural aspects. Finally, the third indicates the benefits related to investments and infrastructure improvement. Concluding, understanding the sociocultural dimensions of a creative event, from the perspective of the residents allows for effective planning of the event's activities. Despite some limitations, namely the pandemic period that affected the application of the questionnaires, the study carried out in Amares (Portugal) can be replicated in other similar events and, later on, a comparison can be made with the reality of a small cultural event.

In the western division of labor, traditionally, domestic spaces are considered to be inferior to public spaces. Food preparation is simply a necessary function for the satisfaction of basic needs. It is also a task that within the family is the responsibility of the feminine elements and generally does not receive any social recognition or financial compensation. Therefore, food preparation belongs to the field of the feminine, the domestic. And the private. In opposition, there are public occupations, particularly policies, which traditionally correspond to the superior masculine element. One of the subversive factors of Laura Esquivel's work constitutes, precisely, the conversion of the kitchen into a battlefield and the affirmation of political identities, displacing the traditional consideration of a private domestic action space, to an action space National public Women who participate in food preparation are part of the active agents that build the Mexican national identity, through the preparation and intake of food. Fast as Desire [2] cooking is the place where women responsible for food preparation exercise their power in defiance of the traditional forces that seek to maintain food preparation within the framework of purely domestic and inferior chores. In Como agua Tita uses her power to transform raw materials into exquisite delicacies, as a quasi-magical, but totally corporeal, power in a constant challenge to her mother's dictatorial attitude. For its part in So fast, the kitchen is, again, a battlefield between the pre-Columbian forces and the European colonizers, through dialogues between the Mayan grandmother and the Spanish wife. This constant, veiled battle between women with different levels of power, or between the importance that society artificially attaches to the activities assigned to the sexes, and therefore to the sexes themselves, and equally between cultures considered superior and inferior, constitutes one of the most significant elements in Laura Esquivel's literature. According to Lillo and Sarfati-Arnaud, this management and subversion of roles constitutes a "twist" -in the sense of distorting or distorting understood concepts -that plays with the traditional concept of space and gender and confirms Laura Esquivel's intention to marginalize the center and centralize the margins. It also confirms its intention to grant women occupied in food preparation a central role in the constitution of national identity. In other words, the author converts the sacred figure of the country and the feeling of citizens for their nation, patriotism, into an entity that is prepared in the kitchen. Laura Esquivel moves the kitchen to the National Museum, or vice versa. When food preparation is constituted in an identity producing artifact, food preparation is positioned at the same level as the National Museum

The Magdalena Lake Basin of Jalisco, Mexico, has a rich cultural history from the Early Formative to Protohistoric Periods (1500 BCE-1600 CE). We investigated the relationship between climate chronologies, lake-level variations, and cultural changes before European contact. Chronostratigraphic reconstructions identified lake-forming periods reflecting regional and local paleoclimate sequences and coincide with variations in site location, numbers, and size, derived from our regional archaeological survey. Populations increase during high lake levels and decrease during low lake levels. An Early Archaic lake (~6800-5060 BCE) gives way to lowered lake levels in the Middle (~4980-3790 BCE) to Late Archaic (~1800 BCE). Pollen evidence for agricultural clearing appears at the end of this low period. The highest lake level, 1367 masl, occurred during the Middle Formative, followed by Late Formative/Classic lakes between 1361 and 1364 masl. The Epiclassic Period (~600-1000 CE) experienced low lake levels, coincident with a pan-Mesoamerican drought. Dated tephra layers (500-600 CE) several centimeters thick significantly impacted lake ecology and human populations. Tephra age and geochemical properties do not match the primary candidate at the nearby Ceboruco Volcano in the 10th century CE nor any other known eruption during this time period.

This research investigates the problem that lies in the perception of cultural dance music performance as a practice confined to homelands, resulting in disconnect for individuals in urban spaces, distancing them from their traditional cultures and practices. To address this issue, it is essential to recognize that traditional music should integrate into city life. While competitions are one approach, it is not the sole solution. Government initiatives should be developed to actively promote and encourage cultural dance performances in urban spaces, fostering a sense of cultural identity and unity among city dwellers. Two case studies show a form of resilience between the competitions that are held by the department of basic education in South African and the collaborative approach by three different cultures (Venda, Pedi and Tsonga) in the Northern part of South Africa called Limpopo province that uses cultural performances to reimagine urban spaces that are accommodative of indigenous performances. These two initiatives challenge the controversial policies of separate development that were put in place by the apartheid regime to divide South African black people by culture. The performances bring all black people together where they were expected to live as separate ethnic groups.