Language Ideology

Due to the heterogeneous origin of university students and the diverse language use guidelines in their departments, as well as the peculiar language contact that takes place in the territory of Catalonia, the University of Barcelona is one of the most linguistically complex universities of the occidental world. Catalan, Spanish and English are seen as enriching elements although dissenting voices do arise concerning the use of each of these languages. For this reason, we carried out a qualitative study, asking thirty-two students of the University of Barcelona (UB), the first Catalan University, how they perceive and face the challenges of their sociolinguistic environment. Briefly, in this article we study—in the first place—how students view the fact that English is becoming a language of instruction; and secondly, we analyse the main arguments that local students use to justify their linguistic ideology regarding Erasmus students.

В статье на материале данных, полученных в результате проведения социолингвистических обследований в чувашской и марийской диаспорах Московского региона, рассматриваются языковые практики представителей этнических групп, проживающих в условиях внутренней диаспоры, демонстрирующих высокий уровень языковой лояльности и стремление сохранить этнический язык в качестве одного из ключевых маркеров этнической идентичности. Тем не менее уровень языковой лояльности респондентов не коррелирует со степенью сохранности языка, о чем свидетельствует низкая межпоколенческая передача этнического языка в выборках. Задача по трансмиссии языка детям закрепляется представителями диаспоры за этнической деревней. Особое место в работе отводится анализу языковых идеологий, лежащих в основе подобных языковых практик, и описанию механизма (не)передачи этнического языка, характерного для исследуемых сообществ в условиях города. Наиболее устойчивыми представляются идеология легитимности (аутентичности), «прик...

"And for us to remain the embodiment of Suprema Lex, the quality of our voice must always echo the truth, and not just the magnanimity of its volume. For it is in the truth that we can always pride ourselves as the free and the unconquered."

This work is part of the PROAPI Research Project “Reading and writing in the initial cycle of the Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda”. One of the axes developed in it is linguistic diversity in relation to academic writing processes. A significant percentage of our students are in a situation of languages ​​in contact, they can even be considered bilingual in a broad sense (Speranza, 2012). Considering these specificities in the academic field helps prevent linguistic differences from becoming linguistic inequality with the consequence of abandonment of university studies. Therefore, in the first stage of the investigation, we conducted a survey of incoming students, whose partial result we are interested in exhibiting in this work. One of the questions was to describe with a word or phrase a list of languages ​​that were offered in order to identify linguistic ideologies (del Valle, 2007). From the analysis carried out, it is observed that the predominant linguistic ideologies on t...

meet and build on each other, a recent development and an uneasy endeavour which brings together linguists and social scientists and all researchers who are eager to study and explain an exciting (human) phenomenon -language. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Veronika Kalmus, my classmate in sociology, who began supporting me in the middle of my doctoral studies, to Professor Karl Pajusalu, who has believed in me for many years and, finally, to Dr. Kara D. Brown, a friend and a champion of language education policy studies on another continent, whose constructive questions have guided me throughout my thinking and writing. Furthermore, I am much obliged to conversations with Dr. Evar Saar, a researcher of topoonomastics, for his insightful ideas on socio-historically situated language, to Dr. Sulev Iva for his passionate views on language maintenance, and to other colleagues from the Võru Institute, the Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, and the Institute of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Tartu, who tolerated my long quest. I am also grateful to my colleagues at ELDIA 1 , a multidisciplinary research project which brings together linguists, law researchers and social scientists from eight European universities, and where Fenno-Ugric speech communities are internationally given the greatest academic consideration. Finally, I owe a lot to my two daughters, my son and my husband, who have had to share my attention with the doctoral project over these many years.

In November 2023, the Turkish Council of Higher Education introduced a language policy permitting theses in Turkish-medium graduate programs to be written in languages other than Turkish. Although the policy was later reversed, it sparked significant reactions on Twitter. This study examines the ideological underpinnings of these reactions to the language policy, using a critical discourse approach. The results indicate that the policy was framed as a threat to Turkish linguistic and cultural integrity and that raciolinguistic ideologies shaped Twitter users’ perceptions of international students and refugees in Turkish higher education. The paper discusses these findings within the broader discourses of nationalism and immigration by demonstrating how language ideologies are constructed, contested, and negotiated in digital spaces, which often serve as arenas for negotiating language policies. It highlights the significance of public opinion, underpinned by language ideologies, in effectively implementing multilingual language-in-education policies. Additionally, it provides key insights for policymakers, such as proactively addressing ideological concerns about linguistic hierarchies in academia and adopting a diverse and inclusive approach to policy formulation and implementation.

. Theories and linguistic rights: Minority and migrant languages. Mèxic: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 171 p. Aquest llibre conté set treballs focalitzats en diferents problemes que algunes comunitats lingüístiques afronten en situacions desfavorables. Els textos tracten diversos temes, com ara l'ecologia, la planificació, les polítiques i els drets lingüístics; el poder; la identitat, les llengües minoritàries i els migrants, els quals estan relacionats amb el benestar social. En el primer capítol, «The need of language Planning for wellbeing», Terborg i Velázquez discuteixen sobre l'avaluació de les polítiques lingüístiques i l'impacte que tenen en els parlants de llengües minoritàries en el dia a dia. El seu objectiu és ressaltar la importància de la planificació lingüística per al benestar social, especialment, en països multilingües on els parlants de les llengües minoritàries presenten les desigualtats més grans. Els autors plantegen el següent: si les llengües i els seus fenòmens lingüístics emergeixen d'una manera natural com a resultat de les interaccions comunicatives, per què necessitem una política i una planificació lingüístiques? I de quina manera la intervenció o l'absència d'aquestes repercuteixen en el benestar social? Des del seu punt de vista, la planificació lingüística pot ser útil per a intervenir i prevenir situacions injustes i desfavorables vinculades amb les llengües de certs grups minoritaris, atès que tenen com a finalitat contrarestar la desigualtat en què es troben. En el segon capítol, «Language ecology and micro-language in education planning: is there a connection?», Baldauf i Kaplan esmenten que la planificació lingüística està fortament relacionada amb diversos àmbits socials, com l'educació. No obstant això, emfatitzen que en el sector educatiu poques vegades es consideren totes les llengües que coexisteixen en un mateix territori en les polítiques lingüístiques, i se centren en la llengua oficial. Així mateix, assenyalen que no gaire sovint es pren en consideració l'impacte d'aquestes polítiques sobre les altres llengües. Per això, resulta indispensable construir un model teòric que estigui situat en un context ecològic, és a dir, una ecologia lingüística. 1 1. D'acord amb Bastardas (2014: 143-144), l'ecologia lingüística proposa una analogia, és a dir, prendre -metafòricament-els sistemes lingüístics com a «espècies» socioculturals, definir les característiques dels seus contextos i posar-los en moviment per veure'n les interrelacions i evolucions, posant èmfasi en totes les similituds del contacte i la competència entre espècies (incloent-hi conceptes com llengües territorials i invasores, depredadores i depredades, nínxols ecològics, ecologies restauradores, etc.).

The process of registering and standardising languages for the sake of missionary translation was a global phenomenon that acquired industrial proportions in the nineteenth century with mass-produced catechisms, primers, and cheap Bibles and Gospels. That global translation industry not only was a major factor in the spread of literacy worldwide; it also spread printing and formal instruction, reshaped or replaced extant literary traditions, and introduced a new prestige register with Christian neologisms into the target language, along with the language(s) of the coloniser. The result was large-scale socio-cultural transformation and disenfranchisement. This article is concerned with these colonial language dynamics, the underlying language ideologies, and the cultural consequences. In particular, it discusses four cases: (1) the Māori language with its strongly regimented oral traditions and centuries of development in isolation; (2) the complex patchwork of languages, writing systems, overlapping religious traditions, and social-linguistic hierarchies in Dutch Indonesia; (3) the Surinamese Creole language Sranan Tongo, one of the first creoles to be studied and written down; and (4) the 1940 BFBS conference on African languages.

Statistiniai duomenys rodo, kad lietuvių kalboje prielinksnis dėl yra gana dažnas. Dažniniame dabartinės rašomosios lietuvių kalbos žodyne: (mažėjančio dažnio tvarka) (Grumadienė, Žilinskienė 1997) -tai keturiasdešimt pirmas žodis (septintas iš prielinksnių).

En el presente trabajo analizamos la obra Coa: jerga de los delincuentes chilenos. Estudio y vocabulario (1910), de Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, desde un enfoque glotopolítico. Sostenemos que la representación ideológica del habla de los delincuentes chilenos (el coa), contenida en dicha obra, responde a un mecanismo de iconización, mediante el cual se legitima la política de disciplinamiento policial y carcelario del Estado chileno basándose en la comprobación científica de la supuesta condición degenerada del delincuente, reflejada en su lenguaje. Esta estrategia semiótica tiene como efecto glotopolítico último naturalizar la posición dominante de las élites socioeconómicas chilenas. Dicha representación responde al contexto chileno de comienzos del siglo XX, marcado por el surgimiento de la “cuestión social” y el positivismo ilustrado que marcó la institucionalización de los estudios antropológicos y lingüísticos en el Chile de ese periodo.

Eldia 23 d'octubre.de 1998 va tenir lloc, a la Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de Barcelona, la Jornada sobre el Llenguatge jurídic Català, organitzada pels departaments de Cultura i de Justícia i el Comissionat per a Universitats i Re-cerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya, ...

In this chapter, I detail the discursive construction of an alternative moral perspective to the criminalization of Blackness and poverty in Brazil. I single out two case studies which, I believe, exemplify an important political agenda pursued by social movements in Brazil. In Section 8.2, I first describe the production of a moral abyss through aggressive policing in Brazil. I also outline my understanding of moral authority. In Section 8.3, I analyze an interaction where participants actively take up a stance on this background. Simultaneously, they perform a moral stance that yields local authority along the lines of solidarity and valorization of favela youths. In Section 8.4, I focus on the enactment of an alternative discourse by Coletivo Papo Reto, a new media collective in Complexo do Alemão that valorizes local forms of belonging and “scales up” the indexical work I discuss in the first case study. In Section 8.5, I discuss both case studies vis-à-vis Márquez-Reiter and Haugh’s (Márquez-Reiter and Haugh 2019; Márquez-Reiter 2021) view of morality as social construction. I draw from this view of morality as socially and reflexively constructed to explain activists’ reflexive grasp of digital and semiotic affordances. I conclude by systematizing the struggle for resources, cooperation, and metasemiotic work by residents and activists.

Throughout Estonian history, the language ideologies prevailing in Europe have had great influence on Estonian language planning. Language planners, in turn, have influenced the views of Estonian society. In this paper we analyse how language ideologies have supported myths and beliefs throughout the history of cultivating Standard Estonian. The privileged status of Standard Estonian (compared to local dialects) strengthened considerably from the early 20th century. Although Estonian language planning became more tolerant and democratic since the 1980s, a totalitarian understanding of the language still remains in the background. Using foreign words and the mixing of languages and registers is considered especially objectionable due to the ideology of a small nation, which has to defend itself and its language. In the 2020s, discussions about language change and the principles of language planning re-emerged. These have been interesting, because language planning wishes to make the ...

This paper discusses how Switzerland is branded by the Swiss state under late capitalism. Drawing on discursive data collected in the framework of a research project investigating the international promotion of Switzerland, I particularly focus on how multilingualism and cultural diversity are constructed by the Swiss government as a capital belonging to Switzerland and its history and on how and why this imagined historical capital is reframed in promotional terms. In doing so, I question the function of the historicity of Swiss multilingualism and cultural diversity in nation branding practices and analyze the logics causing specific tokens of multilingualism and cultural diversity to emerge as desirable promotional features. Finally, I research how the promotional investment in Swiss multilingualism and cultural diversity affects the status and value of its historical capital and how this has consequences for what can be said (or not) about Switzerland and its history.

Football is a key site for local pride to be enacted by fans through the celebration of local dialects and local myths. At the same time, sport industries are currently undergoing major transformations and becoming global, professional and profit-oriented. Consequently, pride in a place is not solely the property of the given area or its inhabitants. Indeed, fandom is increasingly enacted by new groups who speak different languages and live in other places, and who thus cross borders to consume local fan practices and tokens of imagined local authenticity. Furthermore, football clubs are increasingly owned by multinational investors who employ international and multilingual football workers. Meanwhile, nostalgic adherents of so-called traditional football frequently interpret the emergence of these transnational actors as a corruption of this sport. The presence of such transnational actors raises questions regarding the challenges encountered by these new speakers when they produce...

This Dissertation aims to explore Gaelic identity and its relationship with the Irish language in contemporary Ireland. It consists of (1) a theoretical research of ethnic reality, (2) an historical research of ethnic identification, and a (3) description and statistical analysis of a survey. The theoretical research explores ethnic reality and its social and psychological foundations. The concept of 'identity', and the interacting concepts of 'culture', 'ideology' and 'power' are discussed. The historical research attempts to uncover layers of ethnic identification from the present into the High Medieval period. This chapter concludes that Gaelic identity was until recently the main feature of ethnic identification among native Irish-speakers in Ireland. The fieldwork consisted of a survey in a Category A Gaeltacht region and in a Galltacht region. A total of 326 interviews were conducted as part of this research. The survey provides statistical evidence that Gaelic identity is still accepted as secondary identity among Irish speakers in the Gaeltacht and it is a much less accepted identity among English-speakers in the Galltacht. The research concludes that Gaelic identification in the Gaeltacht is not a politically organising force and those who identify themselves as Gaels lack collective representation.

Venerdì 24 gennaio 2025 il prof. Antonio Malo ha presentato nell'aula magna della LUMSA di Palermo i risultati delle sue ricerche rigorose su un fenomeno da tempo costantemente sotto i riflettori, il cosiddetto "risveglio", ricerche raccolte nel voluminoso saggio Vittime e oppressori. L'ideologia Woke (EDUSC, Roma 2024).

International news articles published in various languages are usually tailored by the editors for their target readers in the corresponding language. On the one hand, the transformations made to the textual structure of news are intended to offer better accessibility to the information and make it more relevant to the readers in the target culture. On the other hand, the domestication of news provides compatibility with social attitudes, cultural background and shared knowledge of language users. Many such adjustments are made to the structures related to national and cultural identities and their construction. This paper will consider rhetorical and linguistic devices of discursive identity construction in the media coverage of events related to the EU migration crisis in four European languages (English, French, German and Spanish), as well as analyze their potential role in framing public opinion towards the migrant crisis.

The portmanteau Brexit was coined in the lead up to the 2016 referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership in the European Union. The issue, central to contemporary British politics, is politically interesting in that support for or against Brexit does not so much correspond to “a divide between left and right” as much as “a deepening divide between cosmopolitans and patriots” (Wheatley 2019), better known as ‘Remainers’ and ‘Leavers’. We present an analysis of variation in the pronunciation of Brexit, where one variant has a word-medial voiceless stop-fricative cluster, and the other a voiced cluster, and how that contrast has been ideologized as indexical of this political divide (cf. Hall 2017). We consider Twitter metacommentary, production data from televised sources, and perception data from a Matched Guise Test. In contrast to variables that are ideologized as political because they are loanwords (Hall-Lew et al. 2010, 2012), or because of an existing indexical order within a...

The purpose of this article is to analyze the construction of unequal personhood in the institutional logics for the implementation of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) policy. I build on the theories of figures of personhood and figured worlds to discuss how institutions (public schools) use multiple semiotic resources to characterize students' diverse personality traits that reproduce neoliberal subjectivities shaping their EMI policies. The data for this article are drawn from ethnographic observations and interviews with the teachers from two Nepali public schools that have recently introduced a segregated EMI policy. The analysis of data shows that EMI schools use 'śikṣita', 'sabhya' and 'yogya' personality traits to justify the relevance of EMI policy to produce the educated person. The construction of such person types is shaped by sociocultural and political-economic ideologies and build unequal personhood, reinforcing neoliberal subjecthood and epistemic injustice. My recommendation is that we need to pay attention to examining how language policies in education construct unequal personhood by assigning, imposing, and imaging discriminatory personality traits which remain as the foundation of social injustice.

Why do you attend the sessions of foreign speakers but not of local teachers? 1 Hari: Because they are native speakers. Their English is better than ours. Tara: I attend this conference to learn new ideas. I want to learn more about English. Prem: But all presenters are presenting in English, right? Tara: I know everyone speaks English. But our English is not pure and good. It's not like native [English]. So I don't miss native speakers' presentations. Prem: How do you define native speakers? Hari: For me, the people from the USA, UK, Australia and Canada are native speakers. Their English is standard. Prem: But do you think all native speakers have useful ideas for local teachers? Hari: I think so. I've paid for this conference to learn from native speakers. At least, I get exposure to native English. We are English teachers, but our English is different. Our English is Nenglish [laughter]. Prem: What's Nenglish? Hari: It's a Nepali style of English. Our pronunciation is not good-it sounds unnatural and artificial. Like [f] and [v] sounds aren't pronounced well. Also, native speakers give a different vibe, you know. .. they make presentations lively and student-centered. Tara: We don't speak a natural English. Local presenters have knowledge, but they cannot express their knowledge well. Native speakers speak English with gestures. They have a natural tone that sounds good. They are smart [laughter]. So, I go to their sessions. Prem: So, do you mean that local teachers are not good English teachers? Hari: They may be, but I hardly learn new ideas from local teachers. There is no playfulness and sweetness in our English. So, native speakers are always ideal and better teachers for me. Tara: Native English is a model for us. In our courses, we were taught about British English and American English. We have learned how to pronounce these English[es] in teacher training as well. So, obviously native speakers are better teachers than the local teachers.

L Le e r rô ôl le e d du u m ma ar rk ke et ti in ng g t te er rr ri it to or ri ia al l d da an ns s l le e c ch ho oi ix x d d' 'i im mp pl la an nt ta at ti io on n d de es s e en nt tr re ep pr ri is se es s . . Le cas du secteur des télécommunications à Bienne.

artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) [] que permite el uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada de su fuente original. Language ideologies on Mapudungun version of the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT Ideologías linguísticas na língua mapudungun do chatbot de inteligência artificial ChatGPT

This presentation explores the indexicality of swearing in postvernacular Finnish American communities, focusing on how linguistic choices reflect cultural identity and social positioning. Through interviews and observational data, this study reveals the social meanings conveyed through swearing, illustrating that Finnish American ways of swearing function beyond mere profanity. By examining the use of Finnish swear words and their integration into English discourse, such as “paska head” showcased on a street sign in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, I display how Finnish Americans use swearing to index their degree of Finnishness. This research offers insights into how multi-generational heritage members navigate language shift and cultural identity through linguistic practices that raise “Hel(l)” in FinnAmenol ways.

This chapter focuses on the linguistic ideological reactions caused by the broadcast of the Catalan public channel, TV3, in the Valencian Region, starting in 1985.  TV3’s use of a monolingual oral variety based on the Catalan spoken in the city of Barcelona gave rise to complaints from several Catalan universities and the Institute of Catalan Studies (IEC). These complaints supported the use of a multidialectal oral koine on TV3, so that the Catalan channel could transform Catalan into an anonymous language that would embrace all the Catalan-speakers. This multidialectal koine would be based on the codification carried out by Pompeu Fabra (1868–1948) at the beginning of the 20th century. It can be argued that this ideology constitutes a mythification of the linguistic “norm” created by the Royal Chancellery of the Crown of Aragon in the Middle Ages. However, while the monolingual variety of Catalan of TV3 can encourage linguistic secessionism in the Valencian Region, it may also open the door to linguistic cooperation between the Valencian and the Catalan public channels. From this point of view, the latest agreements between the Catalan and Valencian Governments regarding the TV channels would be closer to the ideal of the medieval Royal Chancellery, especially if compared to the lack of contact between IEC and the Valencian Academy of the Language (AVL).

Critical sociolinguistics has demonstrated that the social construct of the 'native speaker' has a strong impact on people's lives, but research on 'native speaker effects' in the workplace remains rare. This article examines such effects from the perspective of four 'native English speaker' trainees on temporary contracts in a multilingual European Union institution in Luxembourg. Applying the framework ORCID

This article uses reflective drawing to explore representations of multilingualism by Anglophone migrants in Luxembourg. Analysing twelve interviews in which participants drew and described their language experiences, we examine the language ideologies Anglophone migrants adopt in response to the ideologies of English they encounter. Participants adopt various ideologies, sometimes aligning with the ideology of global English, sometimes with counterideologies of resistance to it, and sometimes a mix of the two. Visual features indexing affective states include colour, gesture, facial expression, and composition. Monolingual cringeexpressed as shame, embarrassment and being 'bad at languages'performs several functions for the participants. Sometimes it serves as an affective disclaimer, allowing them to lean on their privilege in a more socially acceptable way. Sometimes it appears to express genuine distress, in the form of searing linguistic insecurity. Sometimes it performs a distancing function, enabling them to oppose themselves to the stereotype of the monolingual English speaker. The affective intensity of the drawings suggests the ideology of global English does have costs for Anglophone migrants. Fundamentally, though, monolingual cringe reinforces privilege, allowing participants to apologise for their monolingualism even as they continue to benefit from it.

This article uses reflective drawing to explore representations of multilingualism by Anglophone migrants in Luxembourg. Analysing twelve interviews in which participants drew and described their language experiences, we examine the language ideologies Anglophone migrants adopt in response to the ideologies of English they encounter. Participants adopt various ideologies, sometimes aligning with the ideology of global English, sometimes with counterideologies of resistance to it, and sometimes a mix of the two. Visual features indexing affective states include colour, gesture, facial expression, and composition. Monolingual cringeexpressed as shame, embarrassment and being 'bad at languages'performs several functions for the participants. Sometimes it serves as an affective disclaimer, allowing them to lean on their privilege in a more socially acceptable way. Sometimes it appears to express genuine distress, in the form of searing linguistic insecurity. Sometimes it performs a distancing function, enabling them to oppose themselves to the stereotype of the monolingual English speaker. The affective intensity of the drawings suggests the ideology of global English does have costs for Anglophone migrants. Fundamentally, though, monolingual cringe reinforces privilege, allowing participants to apologise for their monolingualism even as they continue to benefit from it.

I am grateful to the support I received from Kenton Harsch, Priscilla Faucette, and Dr. Georganne Nordstrom. I would also like to thank my colleagues who directly and indirectly contributed to the completion of this study. Special gratitude goes to Jennifer Holdway for reading and commenting on the first draft of the dissertation. I am thankful to

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the "Content") contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.

One of the ways in which structural violence is reproduced under neoliberalism is through the erasure of alliances and the erosion of intersectional work among minority groups. Currently, in the multilingual and multicultural Spanish state, both migrant and racialized communities (Martín Rojo 2010) and minoritized language speakers (Moreno Cabrera 2008) go through different but related violences driven by the construction of the modern nation-state. This paper looks at a moment of that relationship, one in which the struggle against linguistic discrimination and the struggle against racism conflicted. Particularly, I present a critical discourse analysis of a post by a Santiago de Compostela-based antiracist Instagram account and the discursive reactions it triggered. While the post aimed to serve as a decalogue of antiracist practices in the context of the Iberia Peninsula, it also included a slide focused on Galiza, criticizing the requirement for migrants to speak Galician. That post quickly spread in Instagram and Twitter spheres and polarized progressive circles: Galicianist language stances and support for antiracism were confronted in an ‘either-or’ relationship, with accusations of xenophobia by both sides. Hence, I analyze language ideologies of authenticity, nativism, and pan Hispanism (del Valle 2007; Woolard 2016) to understand and overcome the conflict, bridging approaches to ethnicity that prioritize overseas vs. internal colonialism. Finally, I propose that language policy in Galiza, traditionally a migrant land, should consider newcomers’ linguistic repertoires and fluxes to develop fine-grained public programs to strengthen linguistic revitalization, diversity, and social cohesion.

En aquest article, l'autor ens introdueix a la llengua del poble gitano i explica la situació d'aquesta llengua a l'Estat espanyol. També exposa la inevitable influència del gitano en les llengües amb què ha conviscut, de la mateixa manera que la llengua gitana va prendre com a pròpies paraules procedents d'altres llengües. Carlos Muñoz ha treballat en programes educatius per a gitanos i ha fet cursos d'iniciació a la seva llengua.

This article wrestles with the question of the relationship
between the digits of our hands and the digital in a dis-
persed but connected world. What can be held and what
fails our grasp in such a universe? How the everyday and
habitual skills of cooking and cleaning come into con-
sciousness or vanish into habit, in a constant choreogra-
phy of remembering and forgetting, with the digital as aid
or hindrance. In the process of thinking through posture,
gesture, and infrastructure, it reflects on the enduring
contemporary challenge of doing ethnographic work at
multiple transnational locations, by an ethnographer with
a passport that does not travel well, made worse by the
restrictions of a pandemic. In the process, it shows how
the same hands that can heal, can also hurt.

Guinea Ecuatorial, el único país de habla hispana en África, sigue ocupando un lugar marginal en la investigación en torno a la lengua española y en la percepción de muchos hispanohablantes. Esta contribución se acerca a la problemática de la poca visibilidad de Guinea Ecuatorial como país hispanohablante desde diferentes perspectivas: su limitada presencia en manuales de lingüística española, el conocimiento fragmentario sobre Guinea Ecuatorial en España, la posición marginal del país en ideologías tales como hispanofonía, hispanidad o hispanismo, y el lugar considerado “excepcional” y “periférico” de la variedad guineoecuatoriana del español en el conjunto de las variedades de la lengua española. En cuanto a la metodología, nos basamos en el análisis de estudios lingüísticos e ideológicos centrados en el mundo hispánico, así como en nuestras propias entrevistas sociolingüísticas realizadas con personas de origen guineoecuatoriano en Madrid. Este acercamiento múltiple nos permite evidenciar una serie de problemas relacionados con la transmisión y el
mantenimiento de clasificaciones y jerarquías históricas que en la época postcolonial siguen corroborando relaciones de poder entre “centros” y “periferias” establecidas en Occidente. Demostramos que será imprescindible abandonar conceptos y parámetros de investigación tradicionales y adoptar perspectivas nuevas que respeten y valoren las dinámicas propias de casos hasta ahora muchas veces marginalizados como Guinea Ecuatorial. Demostramos que será imprescindible abandonar conceptos y parámetros de investigación tradicionales (por ejemplo, clasificaciones dialectales forjadas desde Europa) y adoptar perspectivas nuevas (contextualizadas debidamente y libres de prejuicios y estereotipos) a fin de respetar y valorar las dinámicas propias de casos hasta ahora muchas veces marginalizados como Guinea Ecuatorial.

As linguas de estandarización recente e en situación de minorización lingüística, como é o caso do galego, presentan características particulares (Lane et al. 2018), Por unha parte prodúcese unha transferencia das ideoloxías da estandarización das linguas estatais mais nunha situación en que se asiste ao proceso de estandarización in vivo (Recalde 2022), o que ocasiona debates sobre o estándar (especialmente sobre a forma escrita da lingua). Por outra parte, eses debates ocorren no contexto da modernidade tardía, caracterizada pola globalización e as ideoloxías asociadas ao multilingüismo, que en parte desafían as ideoloxías da estandarización clásicas. Trátase dun contexto, por tanto, en que as ideoloxías da estandarización son amplamente compartidas (Gal 2006; McLelland 2021), mais tamén aparecen correntes que promoven a visibilidade dun maior número de variedades lingüísticas e unha menor rixidez do estándar (o que pode ser chamado “desestandarización”, cfr. Kristiansen 2021). Estas correntes son favorecidas polas redes sociais, que constitúen un espazo propicio para o cuestionamento das hexemonías e para a construción de novas lexitimidades (Heyd & Schneider, 2019) e, por tanto, son un lugar privilexiado para a ocorrencia dos debates sobre a lexitimidade das diferentes posicións sobre a variación lingüística e o papel do estándar, como se ten observado nas redes sociais en galego (Regueira 2023).
Esta presentación centrarase nas mudanzas nas ideoloxías lingüísticas que se poden observar nas últimas décadas sobre o estándar e a variación, a partir do uso de certas variantes da lingua galega no espazo público e os debates que  estes empregos suscitaron. Son coñecidas as discusións sobre o uso público da gheada e o seseo, especialmente na lingua escrita (cfr. Regueira 2023), así como doutros elementos das variedades populares. Estas variantes, estigmatizadas socialmente, son percibidas de forma máis positiva nos últimos tempos (Recalde 2022) e aparecen tendencias máis favorables ao seu emprego público. Mais, ao mesmo tempo, tamén se aprecia a persistencia das ideoloxías da estandarización e as actitudes puristas orientadas selectivamente aos fenómenos de contacto co español (préstamos gramaticais e léxicos).
Neste traballo, a partir de diferentes corpus (de entrevistas, grupos de discusión, redes sociais), tratarase de mostrar cal é o alcance das actitudes tendentes á desestandarización, que en principio parecen circunscribirse ás interaccións en redes sociais e a actos comunicativos de menor formalidade (cancións, intervencións orais pouco formais), mais que tamén parecen mostrar avances noutros ámbitos. Ao mesmo tempo, tratará de mostrarse en que modo esas actitudes resultan ser (ou non) compatibles coa ideoloxía lingüística que promove o estándar como superior ao resto das variedades da lingua.

The increase in Basque speakers in the last 30 years has been due in large part to ‘new speakers’ or euskaldunberri, a term that will be used here to refer to those who have learned the language by means other than family transmission. While very significant in numbers, to date this group has not been the object of much study. Little is known about their attitudes and motivations, how they perceive themselves as Basque speakers, or their language use and transmission patterns. Acquiring answers to these questions is of strategic importance for developing an effective evidence-based language policy for the future. This article presents the results of a qualitative study of new speakers. Drawing on data from focus groups and interviews, the central goal of the article is to examine how new speakers of differing profiles perceive and locate themselves with respect to the popularly used labels for “new” and “native” Basque speakers and the ideologies of authenticity and legitimacy that ...

1. The existence of bilingualism and diglossia in Ukraine and Kyiv is undeniable. The language practices of Ukrainians are characterised by switching language codes in accordance with the language of the interlocutor and the lack of language stability. The phenomenon of diglossia has changed. Earlier the most important indicator was the prestige factor of the languages. Now the differentiation between formal and informal communication is the main criterion of the diglossia phenomenon.
2. The language situation of the capital represents the language situation of the whole country. Changes in the language situation of the capital are especially effective, as it is always an example for imitation in the country’s regions. According to the results of several surveys we have grounds to state that the situation of the Ukrainian language has recently
gradually improved in the capital, despite the fact that bilingualism and diglossia continue to exist in Kyiv.
3. Focus group discussions held in Kyiv in early 2017 confirm that Ukrainians do not see the connection of language and national security / prosperity. They supposedly hold the position that there should be one Ukrainian national language in the Ukrainian state, but they do not know how to deal with Russian: to give it the status of a state, official or
regional language, or not to give it any privileges at all.
4. We detected three possible patterns of language behaviour that occurred during the focus group discussions: language stability (both Ukrainian and Russian), switching language codes and their mixing.
5. Thus, the language situation in Ukraine is not ideal, however, there is a progress: the Russian language is losing its dominant positions in communication. For further transformation towards a strengthening of the position of the Ukrainian language, well-balanced actions are needed on the part of the ruling elite. Therefore, the task of language policy
should be to ensure the expansion of Ukrainian into all spheres of broadcasting, creating a fully Ukrainian-language information and cultural space and increasing the prestige of Ukrainian entertainment and news products

Meaning, then, is derived not through content or data or even theory in a Western context, which by nature is decontextualized knowledge, but through a compassionate web of interdependent relationships that are different and valuable because of difference. (Simpson, 2014, p. 11) Helen Kelly-Holmes' call to explore the implications for sociolinguistics arising from the increased commercially driven digitalization of society is very timely. Like Kelly-Holmes, we share the view that the growing prevalence of online and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in all aspects of our lives requires a critical assessment of assumptions, approaches, and practices that have grounded sociolinguistic research since its inception. While our discussion confirms Helen's observations, we also urge the development of a general critical attitude toward understanding language as digital data. The starting point for our argument is Helen's claim that there is an erasure of "authentic" languages from public digital spaces, "making it more difficult to gather data on real usage because it would be necessary to rely on public areas and/or negotiate access to these private spaces" (p. 5). For us, her observation brings to the fore that treating language as data has always been problematic. We want to raise two issues: the general epistemological limitations of using digital user data as a representation of language and community, and the consequent need for methods that take seriously the study of language in its social, political, and technological context. We suggest ethnography as a This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

51 FALL / AUTOMNE 2013 Vol. 38 No. 2 Maria Petrescu is a PhD candidate at Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto in the Language and Literacies Education program. Her research interests include child language acquisition, bilingualism/multilingualism, minority language learning and maintenance, and heritage languages. Her PhD research focuses on documenting the bilingual development and bicultural experiences of Romanian-speaking Canadian children. Linguistically Appropriate Practice: A Guide for Working with Young Immigrant Children

p El judeoespanyol: concepte i orígens, història, situació actual RUBÉN J. MONTAÑÉS GÓMEZ Universitat Jaume l 1. Remembrança personal prescindible, amb algun aclariment Vaig conéixer Sibel Biçaci en juliol del 2002 per casualitat, a través d'Internet; tots dos havíem ...

As English continues to spread and become enmeshed in the local social, political, and economic contexts of various countries, English in these varied multilingual spaces has come under increasing scrutiny through three main streams of research that focus on English as a lingua franca (ELF), English as an international language (EIL), and world Englishes (WE). The first two research streams have focused primarily on the pedagogical concerns surrounding teaching, curriculum, and assessment in non-English speaking countries. In keeping with the activist origins of Kachru (1997), the third stream (world Englishes), after which this chapter is titled, has continually problematized issues of inequity and inequality brought forth by the spread of English. In accordance with our commitment to decenter the hegemonic ideals embedded in the global spread of English, this chapter problematizes what it means to engage in critical world Englishes as a paradigm. To achieve this aim, our chapter examines the ideological nature of English while considering the local politics of English, as it is acquired and learned against a wider backdrop of globalization, plurilingualism, and intercultural communication. Next, we unpack what it means to adopt a critical approach. Lastly, we discuss future directions to engage with this paradigm in order to further bridge the research/practice divide within the broader field of applied linguistics.

Despite the dramatic shifts language teaching approaches have undergone over the globe in the recent past, pedagogy of second and foreign languages in Sri Lanka have largely remained resorted to traditional immersion education which accommodate limited consciousness towards the socio-linguistic and cultural dimensions of non-native learners and teachers. The present study is an evaluation of the prospects of employing translanguaging for teaching Chinese to Sri Lankan learners. The study is supported by empirical data of both qualitative and quantitative nature obtained from 65 informants in a higher education context in Sri Lanka. Findings of the study indicate that conservative monolingual approaches, largely triggered by hegemonic colonial ideologies and practices, are proven futile in modern-day Sri Lankan multilingual setting. The discrepancies of global textbooks coupled with absence of localized textbooks, minimal learner engagement triggered by total immersion and alienation within distant dominant cultural ideology of target language, have resulted in an indifference towards the dynamics of leaners' native language repertoire. Based on existing literature on similar settings, the study perceives that the potentials of tranglanguaging extends beyond mere linguistic competence and has the aptitude to promote learner autonomy, harmonious existence, inclusive learning and decolonized mindset.

This study investigates how parental language ideologies and attitudes shape Family Language Policy (FLP) in Italian transnational families in the UK. There has been an increasing interest in FLP research in recent years; however, the Italian community in the UK is under-studied. This exploratory study aimed at investigating how language ideologies in Italian transnational families affect language practices and management. The findings suggest that language ideologies such as the 'bilingual advantage' have a significant impact on language practices and management in the family domain. However, language ideologies are not always in line with language practices with conflicting language ideologies being more common in mixed marriage families. Additionally, the study offers new insights into the complexities of emotions surrounding FLP and bilingual upbringing as well as how parental future aspirations can shape FLP. Further research is suggested with regards to the role that siblings' dynamics can play on the negotiation of FLP as well as longitudinal research which will offer insights into the constantly evolving linguistic environment of transnational families.