Ancient Greek History

This extremely rare book/manuscripts of its kind presents an extensive archaeological and papyrological survey of the Fayum region of Egypt. This seminal work, published under the auspices of the Egypt Exploration Fund, documents the excavations of various settlements in the Fayum, highlighting their historical, administrative, and cultural significance through the study of recovered papyri. The volume provides a meticulous analysis of Greek and Demotic texts, shedding light on the daily life, economy, governance, and legal systems of Greco-Roman Egypt. The papyri include official documents, private letters, tax records, land leases, and petitions, offering valuable insights into the bureaucratic mechanisms of Ptolemaic and Roman administration. Additionally, the book explores the urban layout of these Fayumic towns, detailing architectural features, religious institutions, and burial practices. Grenfell, Hunt, and Hogarth also contextualize the linguistic and paleographic aspects of the texts, contributing to the broader study of Hellenistic and Roman-era literacy and scribal traditions. The inclusion of Milne’s chapter further enhances the work by examining the socio-political implications of the papyri, particularly in relation to the integration of Egyptian and Greek cultural elements. This work remains a foundational reference in the study of papyrology, Greco-Roman Egypt, and the archaeology of the Fayum. Its findings not only advance our understanding of administrative and economic structures but also illuminate the lived experiences of individuals navigating the complex interactions of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman influences in the region.
SOME OF THE PAPYRI & MANUSCRIPTS INCLUDE -
(a) Inscriptions
Dedication of a Propylon – 1st cent. B.C.
Dedication of a Portal – A.D. 61
Dedication of a Banqueting-hall – A.D. 69-78
Dedication of a Propylon – A.D. 190
Dedication of a Lion – About A.D. 190
Petition to the King (Plate VIII) – 1st cent. B.C.
Dedication of a Banqueting-hall (Plate VII 6) – A.D. 109
(b) Papyri
Chariton, Chaereas and Callirrhoé, IV (Plate I) – 2nd or 3rd cent.
Lyric Fragment – 2nd cent.
Commentary on Aristotle, Topics – 1st or 2nd cent.
Homer, Iliad VIII. 332-6 and 362-9 (Plate V) – 2nd or 1st cent. B.C.
Homer, Iliad I. 404-47 – 2nd or 3rd cent. A.D.
Homer, Iliad XXI. 26-41 (Plate IV) – 1st cent.
Homer, Odyssey VI. 201-300 (Plate IV) – 1st cent.
Demosthenes, Third Philippic, pp. 121, 122 – 2nd cent.
Euclid I. 39 and 41 – 2nd cent.
Latin Fragment (Plate VI) – 2nd or 3rd cent.
Petition of Demetrius – About B.C. 115
Petition of Theotimus – About B.C. 103
Letter of a Tax-farmer – B.C. 117?
Notice from Tax-collectors – B.C. 124
Tax-receipt – B.C. 112?
Order for Payment – 1st cent. B.C.
Banker’s Receipts – B.C. 121
Banker’s Receipt – B.C. 109
Orders for Payment of Wheat – 1st cent. B.C.
TABLE OF TEXTS
Letter of the Emperor Hadrian (A.D. 134) Imperial Edict concerning the Aurum Coronarium (A.D. 149) Proclamation of Mamertinus (A.D. 233) Ptolemaic Marriage Laws (B.C. 134) Lists of Persons Qualified for Office (A.D. 240) Declaration Concerning an Edict (2nd cent.) Work on the Embankments (2nd cent.) Official Correspondence (185 or 217 A.D.) Selection of Boys (epikrisis) (3rd or 4th cent.) Notice of Birth (A.D. 147 and 194) Notice of Death (A.D. 141-142) Notice of Death (2nd and 3rd cent.) Transfer of Property (2nd cent.) Property Return (A.D. 161-169) Return of Unwatered Land (A.D. 155) Delegation of Tax-Collecting (3rd cent.) Receipt for Salary of Deputy Tax-Collectors (A.D. 9) Lease of a Monopoly (A.D. 234) Warrant for Arrest (A.D. 99) Notice from a Centurion (A.D. 126) Report to a Tax-farmer (A.D. 161) Taxing List (A.D. 222-235) Tax-Collectors’ Return (2nd cent.) Tax-Collectors’ Return (A.D. 122) Tax-Collectors’ Return (A.D. 78) Tax Receipt (A.D. 123) Receipt for Mason’s Tax (A.D. 159) Tax Receipt (A.D. 99) Receipt for Bath Tax (About B.C. 18) Receipt for Tax on Beer (About A.D. 105) Receipt for Tax on Beer (3rd cent.) Receipts for Tax on Weaving (Late 3rd cent.) Receipts for Poll Tax (About A.D. 180) Tax Receipts (About A.D. 140) Tax Receipt (A.D. 133) Taxes on Land (About A.D. 171) Tax Receipt (Early 1st cent.) Tax Receipt (A.D. 94) Taxes on Weaving (A.D. 95-96) Taxes on Weaving (A.D. 99) Receipt (A.D. 100) Payment for Use of Pastures (A.D. 100) Receipt for Tax on the Sale of a Cow (A.D. 100) Receipt for Payment on Wine (A.D. 100) Receipt for Taxes on Oil (A.D. 100) Receipt (A.D. 113) List of Fines (A.D. 116) Custom-House Receipts (A.D. 123) Work on the Embankments (A.D. 126) Advance of Seed Corn (A.D. 128) Receipts for Payment in Kind (A.D. 131) Account of a Sitologus (A.D. 133) Account of Sitologi (A.D. 135) Payment Through a Bank (A.D. 137) Receipt for Rent (A.D. 138) Loan of Seed (A.D. 139) Loan of Seed (A.D. 140) Contract for Labour in an Oil-Press (A.D. 142) Sale of a Donkey (A.D. 144) Lease of Business in Perkanide (A.D. 145) Termination of Guardianship (A.D. 148) Lease of an Oil-Press (A.D. 149) Receipt for Rent of an Oil-Press (A.D. 153) Receipt for a Share of an Inheritance (A.D. 154) Receipt for House-Rent (A.D. 155) Receipt for Farm-Rent (A.D. 157) Order on a Bank (A.D. 158) Account (A.D. 163) Farm Accounts (A.D. 163) Funeral Expenses (A.D. 166) Account (A.D. 167) Latin Military Accounts (A.D. 169) Petition to the Praefect (A.D. 170) Petition of Papontos (A.D. 171) Petition to the Strategus (A.D. 172) Letter of Pisais (A.D. 174) Letter from Gemellus to Epagathus (A.D. 178) Letter from Gemellus to Epagathus (A.D. 180) Letter from Gemellus to Epagathus (A.D. 182) Letter from Gemellus to Sabinus (A.D. 185) Letter from Gemellus to Sabinus (A.D. 186)

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Ancient inscriptions, papyrus fragments, Greek manuscripts, Latin texts, Egyptian documents, historical petitions, tax receipts, royal decrees, imperial edicts, official correspondence, legal contracts, property sales, land leases, financial transactions, ancient banking, rent agreements, tax collection, tax farming, poll tax, beer tax, oil tax, weaving tax, embankment work, funeral expenses, military accounts, Roman administration, Ptolemaic laws, marriage contracts, inheritance declarations, transport agreements, slave trade, ancient economy, ancient bureaucracy, land ownership, property rights, legal disputes, ancient archives, manuscript preservation, historical documentation, archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, classical studies, antiquity research, government records, royal inscriptions, Greek literature, Homeric texts, philosophical commentaries, Aristotle’s works, Euclidean geometry, Demosthenes’ speeches, rhetorical studies, ancient law, taxation policies, banking history, economic history, ancient trade, ancient commerce, financial records, record keeping, treasury archives, administrative orders, imperial policies, papyrology, classical philology, manuscript studies, textual criticism, Greek philosophy, Roman law, historical edicts, Egyptian taxation, Seleucid administration, Byzantine documentation, legal antiquities, land surveys, agrarian history, ancient labor, work contracts, agricultural leases, temple inscriptions, religious dedications, votive inscriptions, burial records, birth records, census data, official reports, centurion reports, war proclamations, military orders, frontier administration, logistics records, resource management, tax exemptions, mining industry, public finance, state control, urban administration, town councils, judicial proceedings, civil administration, household economy, scribal traditions, secretarial practices, document authentication, notarized agreements, cultural heritage, museum collections, manuscript conservation, text restoration, archival research, document dating, paleography, historical linguistics, legal anthropology, cross-cultural exchanges, Mediterranean history, Middle Eastern records, Hellenistic period, Late Antiquity, early Christianity, Jewish history, Greco-Roman society, Alexandrian scholarship, ancient libraries, intellectual history, book trade, script development, cursive writing, literary papyri, historical chronicles, documentary evidence, historical methodologies, philological studies, state records, municipal governance, temple economy, sacred laws, civic duties, public administration, economic papyri, tax evasion, legal penalties, financial disputes, fiscal policies, trade regulation, commodity pricing, state monopolies, banking receipts, coinage systems, treasury accounts, merchant contracts, trade guilds, craft taxation, resource allocation, tribute payments, military financing, public works, infrastructure projects, bridge construction, road maintenance, naval logistics, harbor management, trade route control, shipping records, import duties, export taxes, commodity exchanges, warehousing, merchant associations, guild records, domestic trade, foreign commerce, diplomatic correspondence, international treaties, cross-border taxation, financial oversight, regulatory frameworks

This article consists in outlining the Polanyi's project. He supports humanistic socialism and critizes strongly those who advocates the idea of centrally planned economy. Against popular marxism and mainstream economics, he tries also to clarify the place of economic determinations in history by using "substantive economy" concept : this is exemplified by the case of ancient Greece. Finaly, Polanyi criticisms has consequences for present time : as soon as for the 1940's, he warns against American capital hegemony that aims at taking up again the Big Market utopia.

This is the fifth chapter of the study on what is called the Eastern Mediterranean Hoard (EMH), the contents of which started to appear in commerce in late 2018 and continued to be dispersed until late 2021. Apart from rumours circulating online at the time—suggesting an enormous hoard included an unusually large number of Athenian tetradrachms and some staters—there is no information about its discovery. Due to the large number of coins from the region, Cilicia and Pamphylia are considered the most likely locations where the hoard was found. Unlike in earlier times, when coin dealers often consulted prominent academics and shared details about their inventory, this hoard was quietly dispersed without such collaboration. The present study represents four years of meticulous detective work, piecing together fragmented clues to reconstruct the hoard's contents.

This is a draft of the Introduction to a forthcoming work, 'The Chronology of Early Greek History'. Drafts of its chapters will be posted here each month through 2028. Here is an Abstract for the book: This book is a study of the chronology of events in the Greek world, both legendary and real, before the Persian Wars. The first part accounts for dates ancient writers gave for the sack of Troy and uses their Trojan epochs to calibrate the Assyrian, Egyptian, and Attic king lists along with other mythographic timelines. The second part investigates the objective chronology of the Archaic era, documenting how changes in the way dates were fixed caused them to become artificially elevated. Lower datings for the Cypselid dynasty at Corinth, Solon’s career, the Messenian Wars, and various poets from Tyrtaeus to Sappho are defended. The final part of the book reexamines the evidence for the textualization of the Homeric and Hesiodic epics and places this in the middle of the sixth century BCE.

The mythological narratives, which often preface historical accounts, connect human history to natural history. As well as bridging the gap between the realms of Kulturgeschichte (cultural history) and historiography, such narratives meld the macrocosm of nature with the microcosmic experiences of individual human lives and the collective evolution of societal customs and traditions. This confluence reveals the emergence of foundational societal constructslaws, religion, maritime navigation, family structures, sexual practicesin mythological and historical narratives. These stories, ranging from the ancient to the foundational tales of cities and wars, are interwoven with the broader narrative of the biosphere, thereby underscoring the symbiotic relationship between human civilization and the natural world. Greek and Roman authors frequently juxtaposed their theoretical musings on the origins of life on earth with depictions of the nascent states of human existence, thereby charting the main developments in the evolution of civilization. These preoccupations can arguably be traced back to the Presocratic philosophers and found resonance in the arguments of the Sophists in the 5th century BCE. During this period, the contemplation of prehistory and cultural evolution became prominent in intellectual discourses and poetic compositions. Myths that depicted humanity's emergence from the earth or descent from the heavens served as vehicles in controversies among ancient thinkers regarding the narrative of the human condition. These myths were increasingly supplemented by more detailed accounts of cultural progress, illustrating a shift from mythological to historical discourse.¹ Ancient accounts of the origins of society and early cultural history can be divided into two principal categories. The first is mythological: legends of a 'Golden Note: Drafts of this introduction have benefited from comments by Andrew Laird and Tim Rood. 1 As noted by Marcel Detienne, within the contexts of Greek and Roman culture, a formalized history of culture began to supplant mythological narratives concerning origins (see Detienne 1972).

The chapter examines some examples of inscribed documents from the Hellenistic cities, most notably laws and decrees, which lay out actual archaiologiai (taken as local histories) of the communities in which they were enacted. In turn, they also detail a civic history of the community which is inextricably connected to Athens and its legacy. The chapter considers two case studies. First, the republication in Iasos and Troizen of Attic decrees from the Classical age. By republishing these documents relating to the Persian Wars and the Persians in the fifth and early-fourth century, these decrees draw an ancestral history of the city in which Athens plays an important role. Secondly, the chapter canvasses the cultural milieu of a couple of renowned anti-tyrannical laws (from Eretria and Eresos). These laws and their conceptualisation of tyrant killing reveal a close interaction with the Athenian cultural perception of tyranny and the threats it poses (e.g., in Eresos, through the medium of the Peripatetic Phainias). The chapter thus unveils how some crucialpieces of the early Hellenistic documentary record engage with the intellectual elaborations of the past and the cultural primacy of Athens.

Aspects of Ancient Greek Cult II: Architecture – Context – Music is an interdisciplinary and international conference drawing participants from across the fields of Classical Archaeology, Classical Philology, Ancient History, Architecture and Musicology. The purpose of the conference is to foster a joint, trans-disciplinary investigation of aspects of ancient Greek cult.

The keynote speakers are Erik Hansen, Professor emeritus, the Royal Danish
Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Mark Wilson Jones, Senior
Lecturer in Architecture at the University of Bath and Dominique Mulliez,
former Director of École Française D’Athènes. Final remarks will be delivered by Richard Hamilton, Paul Shorey Professor Emeritus of Greek at Bryn Mawr
College and founder and Senior Editor of the Bryn Mawr Classical Review.

The present article attempts to establish the meaning of the famous conditio jacobaea in relation to analogous appeals found in the private correspondence and oracular practice of Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt. It is shown that these requests operate on a deep propitiatory level, i.e. to obtain divine approval for the most varied deliberations of the human will: travel, economic affairs, personal problems.

Dr. Sema Sandalcı tarafından yazılmış, baskısı bulunmayan Antik Yunanca Dilbilgisi Kitabı

Bu kitap, Eski Yunanca üzerine bilgi edinmeyi isteyenlere yardımcı olmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Özellikle Anadolu, Ege ve Akdeniz'in tarihi ve beşeri coğrafyasını kaynaklardan doğru öğrenmede Eski Yunanca yazılı eserlerin önemli yeri vardır, bu dili öğrenmek, ana metinler üzerinde çalışmak için de yararlıdır. Ayrıca Eski Yunan dilinin yapısı ve kelime zenginliği, köken izler taşıdığı için bir dil meraklısına da bulamaca havasını yaşatmaktadır.
Kitabın üç şey bakımından yararlı olması esas alınmıştır. Birincisi, sistematik biçimde Eski Yunanca dilbilgisi ve cümle yapısını tanıması, ikincisi Eskiçağ Yunan yazarların çeşitli konulardaki duygu ve düşünceleri üzerine bilgi sahibi olması, üçüncü dilin kurallarının ve örnek metinlerin, öğrencilerin kendi başına da çalışarak öğrenebileceği şekilde kurgulanmış olmasıdır.

This chapter analyses the manner in which the Cephallenian poleis
occupied, exploited and defended their territory, and the
development of Cephallenia during the Classical Period. We shall
also investigate the aspects that shaped the identity and political
organisation of the Cephallenians during this period. In this way,
whilst the other islands of the Ionian featured just one polis,
Cephallenia featured four different poleis: Same, Crane, Proni and
Pale that were unequal in terms of size, importance and wealth.
Cephallenia's identity revolved around the tradition of Cephalus as
a shared ancestor and eponymous hero of the Cephallenians, also
reinforcing their awareness of their Hellenic origin. We are dealing
with an ethnic identity, an ethnos, but it did not reach the point of
constituting a federal state in the Classical Period.

myriad questions and offer constructive critiques throughout the thesis-writing process. Her dedication, excellent advice, and passion for ancient history were indispensable assets for the entirety of my time in the graduate program. Many thanks as well to Professors Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow, Andrew Koh, and the entire faculty of the AGRS program, without whose guidance and support this present paper would undoubtedly not exist. To my parents, Laura and Bruce MacFarline, thank you for instilling in me at a young age a love for reading and history. Your unconditional love and support are cherished more than words can express. Similar thanks to my wonderful siblings, Melissa, Daniel, and Joshua. I thank you for welcome distractions from many long nights of writing and research. You inspire and challenge me every day to better myself and my work. In connection with the present work, I thank all those who offered advice and critiques. In particular, I would like to thank Benjamin Stanfor...

print edition www.Morana-rtd.com © by M O R A N A RTD d.o.o. M O R A N A RTD d.o.o. Results on analysis of prehistoric pigments from excavations and pigments on coloured child bones from North Patagonia, Argentina, are reported. To analyze their composition we used two micro-analytical techniques: micro-Raman spectrometr y (MRS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray micro-analysis (SEM/EDX). Most investigated excavated pigments show red or yellow ochres consistent with reddish or yellow minerals, such as α-and γ-goethite, haematite, erdite, haapalaite and jarosite. Raman spectra show also evidence of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcite indicating lichen activity. Pigments covering human bones were identified as hematite and magnetite. This study allows us to infer that pigments found in excavation were employed for burial ceremonies, even though distances between excavated pigment archaeological site and buried remains are quite far, more than 50 km in a straight line.

Composition of the prehistoric pigments' (from Carriqueo rock shelter, Rio Negro province, Argentina) has been analysed by means of molecular spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Red and yellow pigments were recognized as red and yellow ochre. The matrix of the pigments is composed of one or more substances. According to the matrix composition yellow and red pigments were also divided into two groups-i.e. those containing kaolinite or sulphates. Green pigment was detected as green earth, made up of celadonite as a chromophore.

Definició: . Preposició < del mot llatí praepositio, onis, "preposició" < compost de la preposició prae, "davant" + el verb pono, "posar al davant, anteposar": paraula invariable "anteposada a"; les preposicions indiquen relacions sintàctiques entre les paraules d'una oració. En grec: πρόθεσις, εως, ἡ < προτίθημι < compost de la preposició πρό, "davant" + l'arrel θε, "posar" > "posar al davant" . Sembla que totes les preposicions foren originàriament adverbis; tenien, doncs, un significat local del qual en deriven un de temporal i d'altres de figurats com ara causa, mitjà, mode, etc. . El significat d'una preposició resulta de la combinació del seu significat propi més el del cas que regeix. En general, un ac. + prep. indica direcció o el terme d'un moviment; un gen. + prep. origen o punt de partença; un dat. + prep. posició en repòs, instrument, etc.

Definició: . Preposició < del mot llatí praepositio, onis, "preposició" < compost de la preposició prae, "davant" + el verb pono, "posar al davant, anteposar": paraula invariable "anteposada a"; les preposicions indiquen relacions sintàctiques entre les paraules d'una oració. En grec: πρόθεσις, εως, ἡ < προτίθημι < compost de la preposició πρό, "davant" + l'arrel θε, "posar" > "posar al davant" . Sembla que totes les preposicions foren originàriament adverbis; tenien, doncs, un significat local del qual en deriven un de temporal i d'altres de figurats com ara causa, mitjà, mode, etc. . El significat d'una preposició resulta de la combinació del seu significat propi més el del cas que regeix. En general, un ac. + prep. indica direcció o el terme d'un moviment; un gen. + prep. origen o punt de partença; un dat. + prep. posició en repòs, instrument, etc.

Pablo es muy consciente -en el caso de que no lo fuera ya antes-de la dificultad innegable que supone relacionar el pensamiento y las palabras del apóstol de Tarso con fuentes clásicas concretas y precisas. Hago mención de este interesantísimo estudio precisamente porque el rigor y la seriedad tanto de sus afirmaciones como de sus sugerencias podrían hacer pensar más bien lo contrario. Y, sin embargo, pocos libros como éste, a mi juicio, han dejado tan claro que trabajar con textos de S. Pablo es difícil y arriesgado. O, dicho de otro modo, la personalidad intelectual del santo, a pesar de todas las deudas que en determinados momentos pueda tener con aquél o aquél otro -incluyendo escuelas, corrientes, etc.-, la mayoría de las veces difícilmente puede ser adscrita a fuentes inequívocas. Pues bien, lo que me propongo llevar a término en las páginas siguientes sería la prueba fehaciente de lo que acabo de decir, esto es, muchos de los símiles de los textos paulinos se inscriben en un marco de referencias difuso pero latente donde todo es dicho porque es posible decirlo. El escritor sabe perfectamente que quienes le escuchan o leen, con independencia de que sean conscientes o no del volumen de conocimientos incorporados por el hecho simple de pertenecer a un mundo cultural concreto, entenderán el mensaje con la ayuda inestimable de imágenes llenas de significado, verdaderos instrumentos del poder intelectivo de los hombres. Naturalmente, podríamos preguntar también hasta qué punto el mismo S. Pablo tiene conciencia plena del marco de referencias global que intentaré presentar, pero entonces volvería a acudir a la obra de Norden para recordar que el apóstol sabe, casi siempre, mucho más de lo que explicitan sus palabras. En cualquier caso, nadie podrá responder adecuadamente a esta pregunta, de modo que el ejercicio que propongo es exactamente esto, un ejercicio, lo bastante convincente -espero-para que el lector no tenga la sensación decepcionante de haberse movido continuamente por el terreno de lo indemostrable y de lo increíble. Resumiendo: un trabajo más en la línea de otros que he publicado ya en esta misma revista 4 y que aspira a seguir las huellas de la cultura clásica grecorromana-en documentos de índole diversa. Damos paso, por tanto, al texto que analizaré acto seguido. En efecto, ¿qué nos dice la bien conocida primera epístola canónica de S. Pablo a los Corintios 12: 12-31, "famosa" entre otras razones por las polémicas tesis del santo respecto del matrimonio, el celibato, la sujeción de las mujeres a sus maridos y un largo etcétera? S. Pablo exhorta a los Corintios a abandonar las divisiones que se han hecho evidentes en el seno de esta comunidad, a fin de que, más allá de cualquier desacuerdo, prevalezca entre ellos un mismo pensamiento y parecer 5 . Este consejo, sin embargo, presupone un cultivo del espíritu que sus hermanos parecen haber abandonado, de tal suerte que, casi como si se tratara de una premonición del tipo de material que utilizará después,

Pablo es muy consciente -en el caso de que no lo fuera ya antes-de la dificultad innegable que supone relacionar el pensamiento y las palabras del apóstol de Tarso con fuentes clásicas concretas y precisas. Hago mención de este interesantísimo estudio precisamente porque el rigor y la seriedad tanto de sus afirmaciones como de sus sugerencias podrían hacer pensar más bien lo contrario. Y, sin embargo, pocos libros como éste, a mi juicio, han dejado tan claro que trabajar con textos de S. Pablo es difícil y arriesgado. O, dicho de otro modo, la personalidad intelectual del santo, a pesar de todas las deudas que en determinados momentos pueda tener con aquél o aquél otro -incluyendo escuelas, corrientes, etc.-, la mayoría de las veces difícilmente puede ser adscrita a fuentes inequívocas. Pues bien, lo que me propongo llevar a término en las páginas siguientes sería la prueba fehaciente de lo que acabo de decir, esto es, muchos de los símiles de los textos paulinos se inscriben en un marco de referencias difuso pero latente donde todo es dicho porque es posible decirlo. El escritor sabe perfectamente que quienes le escuchan o leen, con independencia de que sean conscientes o no del volumen de conocimientos incorporados por el hecho simple de pertenecer a un mundo cultural concreto, entenderán el mensaje con la ayuda inestimable de imágenes llenas de significado, verdaderos instrumentos del poder intelectivo de los hombres. Naturalmente, podríamos preguntar también hasta qué punto el mismo S. Pablo tiene conciencia plena del marco de referencias global que intentaré presentar, pero entonces volvería a acudir a la obra de Norden para recordar que el apóstol sabe, casi siempre, mucho más de lo que explicitan sus palabras. En cualquier caso, nadie podrá responder adecuadamente a esta pregunta, de modo que el ejercicio que propongo es exactamente esto, un ejercicio, lo bastante convincente -espero-para que el lector no tenga la sensación decepcionante de haberse movido continuamente por el terreno de lo indemostrable y de lo increíble. Resumiendo: un trabajo más en la línea de otros que he publicado ya en esta misma revista 4 y que aspira a seguir las huellas de la cultura clásica grecorromana-en documentos de índole diversa. Damos paso, por tanto, al texto que analizaré acto seguido. En efecto, ¿qué nos dice la bien conocida primera epístola canónica de S. Pablo a los Corintios 12: 12-31, "famosa" entre otras razones por las polémicas tesis del santo respecto del matrimonio, el celibato, la sujeción de las mujeres a sus maridos y un largo etcétera? S. Pablo exhorta a los Corintios a abandonar las divisiones que se han hecho evidentes en el seno de esta comunidad, a fin de que, más allá de cualquier desacuerdo, prevalezca entre ellos un mismo pensamiento y parecer 5 . Este consejo, sin embargo, presupone un cultivo del espíritu que sus hermanos parecen haber abandonado, de tal suerte que, casi como si se tratara de una premonición del tipo de material que utilizará después,

This book invites readers to explore bold correlations between the Hyksos dynasty and the House of Cadmus, and between archaeological scarabs and mythological genealogies, proposing that Greek, Egyptian, and Israelite traditions preserve shared memories of Middle Bronze Age events.

Note to Readers and Publishers:
I am currently seeking publishers and collaborative partners interested in helping me with publications and supporting the ongoing Historicity of Greek Myths series, including the present volume and upcoming titles:

Book I: Pre-Minoans and the Age of Kronos,
Book II: Hyksos and the House of Cadmus
Book III: New Kingdom and the Dynasty of Perseus
Book IV: Bronze Collapse and Age of Hercules,
Book V: Iron Age and the Return of the Heraclids.

These works aim to bridge myth and archaeology through fresh chronological synthesis and cross-cultural analysis.

e inédita de los miembros de su comunidad académica. Para más información, visite el sitio www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar Esta iniciativa está a cargo de BIBHUMA, la Biblioteca de la Facultad, que lleva adelante las tareas de gestión y coordinación para la concreción de los objetivos planteados. Para más información, visite el sitio www.bibhuma.fahce.unlp.edu.ar Licenciamiento Esta obra está bajo una licencia Atribución-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas 2.5

Il y a dix ans que ce livre est commencé; j'en ai poursuivi le rêve au milieu des occupations d'un métier qui ne le favorisait guère, et, en même temps, je me laissais aller à consacrer de plus en plus mes loisirs à des recherches spéciales touchant l'histoire des mathématiques. Aussi n'aurais-je jamais terminé ce volume, entrepris sur les origines de la science en général, si, d'un côté, la bienveillante hospitalité de la Revue philosophique ne m'avait permis de publier, par frag- ments, la majeure partie de mes idées à ce sujet, au fur et à mesure que je les coordonnais, si, d'autre part, je n'avais été soutenu par l'appui dévoué, par les infatigables encouragements de celle qui est désormais la chère compagne de ma vie. Elle s'est sacrifiée à cette oeuvre; c'est bien à elle que mon livre est dû, et je voudrais qu'il pût être plus complètement digne d'elle. L'approbation qu'ont donnée à mes articles de la Revue les juges dont j'estime surtout le suffrage, tant à l'étranger qu'en France, devrait peut-être me rassurer complètement, sinon sur le sort qui attend mon ouvrage. VI PRKl ki l • du moins sur sa valeur véritable. Car en le remaniant et l'augmentant, j'ai la conscience de l'avoir sérieusement amélioré dans le détail, tandis que je crois, d'autre part, être parvenu à lui donner une réelle unité organique. Biais, dans li ^parties complètement inédites de mon travail, il en est une dont le but pourrait être méconnu el qui réclame dès lors quelques explications. Il ô'agit de la traduction que j'ai donnée, d'une part, des fragments qui nous restent des premiers philosophes grecs, de l'autre, des textes relatifs à leurs opinions physiques. J'ai voulu donner une idée de l'ensemble de ces textes et de ces fragments à ceux qui, tout en pouvant s'y intéresser, les ignorent et ne se trouvent pas en mesure de les étudier dans les éditions critiques et les commentaires spéciaux. Loin de prétendre remplacer, en quoi que ce soit, ces éditions ou ces commentaires, pour bien marquer, au contraire, que je regarde comme indispensable d'y recourir pour toute question de détail, je me suis borné à rendre le plus fidèlement possible les textes que j'ai suivis, sans essayer d'en pallier les obscurités et sans m'arreter aux incertitudes qu'ils pré- sentent. Telle est la tâche que j'ai voulu accomplir, la jugeant utile, parce que j'écris en France, où l'érudition philologique n'est que trop rare; mais c'est l'étude de travaux analogues sur les mathématiques anciennes qui m'a fait sentir à moi-mômé la nécessité «le la philologie el m'a finalement cou. luit ;'i m'en occuper dans une mesure «le plus en plus large, si je puis â mon tour lui gagner, sur m autre terrain, un seul adepte nouveau, je ne ci. fcvoir perdu ma peine. VII Quant aux difficultés que j'ai eu à surmonter, elles sont bien connues de tous les juges compétents, et je n'ai pas à y insister; mais peut-être serais-je plus satisfait moi-même des traductions contenues dans ce volume, si je n'avais pas dû en poursuivre le travail bien loin de Paris, où je l'avais conçu et longuement médité.

This file contains the proofs of the first section of an essay about “Policing Sanctuaries” to be published in J. Barringer, G. Ekroth, and D. Scahill (eds.), The Logistics of Sanctuaries (Brill 2025). Three main conclusions arise from the four principal parts of the essay.  First, as in the rest of the polis, Greek sanctuaries empowered specific officials to enforce important regulations designed for logistical purposes: excluding banned individuals or groups, maintaining order (especially during festivals), and generally securing the good will of the gods. Second, logistical aspects, such as maintaining order in sanctuaries, were often in the hands of polis officials and institutions, just as they were in other parts of the polis. Third, the rule that all officials are accountable—a key tenet of the rule of law—extended to priests and other religious officials.

Endowments (or foundations) are a widespread phenomenon in antiquity. The present work assembles all known ancient Greek endowments from the Classical and Hellenistic periods, presenting the texts in Greek and in translation. The main aim of the volume is to discuss endowments in their political, social, economic, cultural and religious contexts, thus contributing to our understanding of society and economy of these periods.
Endowments were donations or bequests of property whose income was intended to fund specific purposes defined by the donors. The donated property was to be preserved intact, in order to guarantee that the intentions of the sponsor would be served in perpetuity. The recipients of the endowments were usually civic communities, sanctuaries or associations. The book discusses important aspects on the vocabulary and terminology of the endowments, their legal, economic and administrative characteristics, the identity of the donors (Hellenistic kings or private individuals), and the various purposes served by them. This analysis shows that the endowments fall within the broad phenomenon of euergetism that offered benefits to both the endowers and the recipients.
https://media.dav-medien.de/sample/9783515139168_p.pdf

Antik çağda savaşların galibiyet ya da mağlubiyetini belirleyen en önemli unsurlardan biri şüphesiz ki orduların etkin saldırı ve savunma silahlarına sahip olmalarıdır. Savaşlardaki galibiyet yalnızca sayıca üstünlüğün sonucu değildir. Galibiyete aynı zamanda taktiksel anlamda kıvrak bir zeka ve günün şartlarına uygun kuşatma, saldırı ve savunma silahlarının profesyonellikle kullanılması ile ulaşılabilmiştir. Bu çalışmada gerek antik Hellen ve Roma kaynakları gerekse arkeolojik verilerden edinilen bilgiler aracılığıyla Pers ordusunda kullanılan silahlar belirlenerek incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Pers toplumunda, askerlik, soylu sınıfından köle sınıfına kadar zorunlu bir görev olarak benimsenmiştir. Başta antik Hellen yazarı Herodotos olmak üzere Strabon ve Ksenophon gibi yazarlar Pers çocuklarının küçük yaşlardan itibaren uzun ve zorlu eğitimlerden geçerek eğitildiğini bildirmektedir. Bu eğitimlerde özellikle ata binmek, ok atmak ve mızrak kullanmak gibi kişinin fiziksel açıdan kendini güçlendirdiği antrenmanlar öne çıkmaktadır. Zorlu süreçlerden sonra ordu içinde aktif görev alan Pers askerleri temelde ok, yay, kısa kılıç ve mızrak gibi hafif ancak hareket kabiliyetini kısıtlamayan silah ve teçhizatlarla donatılmışlardır. Egemenlik alanı geliştikçe gerek savaşla gerekse olağan süreç içerisinde karşılaştığı toplumlarla ilişkiler kuran Persler, bu toplumlara ait silah ve ekipmanlardan esinlenmiş ve bunları kendilerine uyarlayarak yeni formlar ortaya koymuşlardır. Akinakes, sagaris ve kopis gibi örneklendirebileceğimiz bu silahlar, Pers ordusundaki askeri birlikler tarafından uzun süreçler boyunca kullanılmıştır.

Famously dubbed, according to Plutarch, the "Dancing Floor of Ares" by the 4th century Theban general Epaminondas (Plut. Life of Marcellus 21.2), the region of Boiotia hosted throughout Antiquity a series of battles that shaped the history of the ancient world, such as the battle of Plataia -which ended the Persian Wars in 479 -and the battle of Chaironeia, won in 338 by the Macedonian king Philip II and his son Alexander the Great over a coalition of Greek states. The present volume is devoted to different dances of Ares. Rather than discussing seminal battles through the lens of military history, it investigates regional conflicts and local violence in Central Greece, with a particular focus on the region Boiotia, through the complementary approaches, conceptual approaches and synergies offered by the two research projects. This double perspective allows us to explore the crucial role played by conflict in the shaping of the Boiotian experience. At the same time, the region's relations with various foreign powers (the Achaian koinon, the Macedonian kings, the Romans among others) as well as with its neighbours, such as Athens, Lokris, and Euboia, become visible. Organised as a series of thematic studies involving mythology, genealogy, federalism, political institutions, and geopolitical strategies, our inquiry starts with the Mycenaean period, and runs down through the Classical and Hellenistic periods to conclude with the involvement of the Romans in Central Greece. The Montreal workshop received funding from the Anneliese Maier Research Prize that was awarded to Hans Beck by the German Humboldt Foundation, as well as from the John MacNaughton Chair of Classics, which he held at McGill University at the time. The Fribourg workshop was supported by the Université de Fribourg Fonds du Centenaire and the Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines. The respective teams of research assistants in Montreal and Fribourg did a magnificent job to turn both workshops into a wonderful experience: Corey Straub, Cyrena Gerardi, Emilie Lucas, Daniel Whittle, and Roy van Wijk. As the papers were prepared for publication, we received insightful comments from the anonymous peer-reviewers. Tim Howe offered helpful advice to improve the manuscript of this first volume in the new AHB Supplement Series. To all we offer our heartfelt thanks.

Fig. 1. View jron1 the approxi- mate site cif the Arte111is Laphria temple 011 the acropolis cif Patras towards the Laphrion-hi/1 at Kalydon, her original place cif worship, and 1 1esible to the lift of the T /crrassova lvfountain Sacred landscapes of Aetolia and Achaea: synoecism processes and non-urban sanctuaries "On the acropolis of Patrae is a sanctuary of Artemis Laphria. The surname of the goddess is a foreign one, and her image too was brought in from elsewhere. For after Calydon with the rest of Aetolia had been laid waste by the Emperor Augustus in order that the Aetolian people nlight be incorporated into Nicopolis above Actium, the people of Patrae thus secured the image of Laphria. Most of the images out of Aetolia and fi•om Acarnania were brought by Augustus' orders to Nicopolis, but to Patrae he gave, with other spoils fi•om Calydon, the image of Laphria, which even in my time was still worshipped on the acropolis ofPatrae" (Paus. 7. 18. 8-9; translated by Jones 1961). " In this part of the city [agora and the adjoining areas] is also a sanctuary of Dionysos surnamed Calydonian -for the image of Dionysos too was brought from Calydon" (Paus. 7. 21. 1; translated by Jones 1961) .

The drinking party at Medius' in Babylon on 31 May 323 B.C., marking the onset of Alexander's terminal illness, is explored from contemporary and later texts. Close reading of fragments by Nicobule and Aristobulus, set beside the reticence of the court daybooks (Ephemerides) and the studied vagueness of secondary sources, clarifies in detail the sequence of events. Justin, Plutarch and the author of the Liber de morte Alexandri cast light on the silence imposed by the King's successors. A narrative emerges of the day itself, the spread of rumour, the two false explanations for Alexander's death that were successively propagated, and the third explanation, most probably correct, that Aristobulus was first to publish.

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. Thus begins the "Concord Hymn" of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), which celebrated the dedication (April 19, 1836) of a monument to the initial battles of the American Revolution. 1 Sixty-one years earlier on this April day in Massachusetts, first at Lexington Green, then at Concord Bridge, American Minutemen had clashed with British regulars. These minor skirmishes, however militarily insignificant, sparked a 40-year explosion of democratic revolutions and warfare in the transatlantic world and throughout Europe with their fiery cries of "Freedom" and "Liberty." For an American, speaking on the Fourth of July at a conference commemorating the 2,500 th anniversary of Marathon, comparison of these two epoch-making events is unavoidable. In both cases, farmers of a citizens' militia, whether American Minutemen or Athenian hoplites, faced foreign professional soldiers and gained some sort of victory, which became a symbol of freedom. In the Western tradition, Marathon has come to represent the original "shot heard round the world.

Abstract · Traces of Apollonius Mys’ Treatise On Perfumes in Pliny the Elder: Methods
of Recovering and Reusing a Lost Work · The only passage from the writing On Perfumes
by Apollonius Mys – an Alexandrian physician of the school of Erophilus – is
preserved by Athenaeus, who reports it as a direct quotation. However, we also find
traces of the same passage in Pliny the Elder (Nat. 13, 4-6), who takes it from other
authors and reworks it. The article examines Pliny’s chapters and asks how the
naturalist (or his sources) re-elaborated and re-employed Apollonius’ text.

Mais où est passée l'histoire urbaine ? Mutations et usages dans la recherche actuelle Présentation Mais où est passée l'histoire urbaine ? En posant cette (étrange) question, le 25e congrès de la Société française d'histoire urbaine, soutenu par le Labex Futurs Urbains, le CRHEC, le Lab'Urba et les Archives départementales du Valde-Marne, invite à réfléchir aux évolutions récentes de ce champ. Il part d'abord à la poursuite de l'histoire urbaine dans les nouveaux territoires de la recherche. L'histoire du politique, celles des mondes coloniaux, des animaux, des sexualités, de la transition environnementale sont autant de thématiques mises en avant ces dernières annnées qui interrogent avec des perspectives renouvelées les dynamiques et les espaces urbains. L'histoire des villes semble aussi être largement sortie des cercles académiques. On peut ainsi questionner sa place dans l'enseignement et la médiation culturelle, ainsi que les manières dont elle y est mise en oeuvre. Et qu'en est-il de l'histoire dans la fabrique de la ville actuelle par les urbanistes et les politiques ? L'évolution des méthodes et des sources de la recherche est enfin un autre point d'attention du congrès. Celui-ci sera aussi l'occasion de tenir l'Assemblée Générale annuelle de la SFHU et de rendre hommage à Denis Menjot (1948Menjot ( -2024)), Président de la SFHU de 2007 à 2023. Le Prix de thèse en histoire urbaine sera remis en son honneur.

Going beyond traditional schemas, this article seeks to reconstruct the history of Epirus between the end of the fifth century, circa 430 B.C., and the definitive Roman domination of the region in the year 167 B.C. In this respect, the theorodokoi lists for Epidaurus, Argos and Delphi do not prove the existence of numerous independent States throughout Epirus in the fourth century, and neither do they confirm the disappearance of the koinon of the Molossians or the emergence of a form of organisation prior to unification, namely the symmachia of the Epirotes, which would have excluded the Chaonians. Thus, during the last third of the fifth century, a symmachia would have emerged under the hegemony of the Chaonians, one that would have included the rest of the Epirote peoples and other peoples from North-West Greece. Subsequently, the weakening of Chaonian power and the emergence of other Epirote ethnes, especially the Molossians under the royal Aeacid Dynasty, would have led to a unified Epirus in the form of a State known as “The King and the Epirotes”, without any need for intermediate aggregation. This would have been made up of the monarch and the three koina of the large Epirote ethnic communities: the Chaonians, the Molossians and the Thesprotians. Following the end of the monarchy in 232 B.C., the subsequent Epirote Confederacy would have maintained and included these three koina.

Pentru istoricul cercetării şi stadiul el actual vezi expunerile clare şi competente ale savantului francez A. Chastagnol. care se află în primele rînduri ale "înnoitorilor" cercetării privind această colecţie (Le probleme de l'Histoire Auguste:

Raúl Buono-Core Varas * He elegido este tema porque considero que la mejor evocación que puedo hacer de un maestro y amigo de la estatura de Héctor Herrera es viéndolo en la cátedra universitaria, lugar que amó y en que se sintió siempre muy a sus anchas, y desde el cual entregó su saber durante tanto tiempo. Enseñar no es tarea fácil, pero para Héctor Herrera daba la impresión que no le significaba mayor problema. Sabía darle a la cátedra universitaria la dignidad y autoridad que pocos alcanzan. Sus palabras resonaban en el aula con fuerza y vigor, creando una atmósfera de silencio, de respeto y de admiración, con un dominio escénico que posibilitaba el conocimiento, y el saber penetraba todos sus espacios imponiéndose como un manto erudito y refinado. En este trabajo haré justamente eso, y me referiré a la lección inaugural que él dictara el 14 de abril de 1972 a los alumnos de primer año del