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PRESENT BUT ABSENT: MARATHON IN THE TRADITION OF WESTERN MILITARY THOUGHT

2013, K. Buraselis/ E. Koulakiotis, edd., Marathon, the Day after. Symposium Proceedings, Delphi 2-4 July 2010 (Athens: European Cultural Centre of Delphi) 241-67.

Abstract

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. Thus begins the "Concord Hymn" of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), which celebrated the dedication (April 19, 1836) of a monument to the initial battles of the American Revolution. 1 Sixty-one years earlier on this April day in Massachusetts, first at Lexington Green, then at Concord Bridge, American Minutemen had clashed with British regulars. These minor skirmishes, however militarily insignificant, sparked a 40-year explosion of democratic revolutions and warfare in the transatlantic world and throughout Europe with their fiery cries of "Freedom" and "Liberty." For an American, speaking on the Fourth of July at a conference commemorating the 2,500 th anniversary of Marathon, comparison of these two epoch-making events is unavoidable. In both cases, farmers of a citizens' militia, whether American Minutemen or Athenian hoplites, faced foreign professional soldiers and gained some sort of victory, which became a symbol of freedom. In the Western tradition, Marathon has come to represent the original "shot heard round the world.