Classical Archaeology

25 Hochschulen boten im Dritten Reich das Studienfach Kunstgeschichte an – eine davon war die Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main. Im Gegensatz zu anderen kunsthistorischen Instituten ist der Einfluss der NS-Kulturpolitik hier kaum untersucht. Dokumente aus dem Uni-Archiv geben Einblicke

This is the proceedings of the online conference on the archaeology of the bone objects during the Roman and Early Byzantine periods which will be held on May 14, 2025, in Izmir, Turkey.
Ancient bone objects were found in relatively large quantities in the entire Mediterranean, from Spain to Syria and Egypt to France, where they were manufactured between the Neolithic and Medieval periods. The art of carving animal bones involves especially antler and horn. However, the spectrum of the worked bone objects recovered from Anatolia, rest of the eastern Mediterranean, Near East, the Black Sea area and Balkans is very varied, and reflects different characteristics of Graeco-Roman and Early Byzantine daily life. In these areas they were also utilised as grave goods secondarily. They were exported or imported over the entire ancient Graeco-Roman and Early Byzantine worlds.
In this conference papers dealing with ancient artefacts or objects manufactured by worked bone, antler, ivory, animal teeth, mother of pearl and cockleshell will be included. Main material groups made by bones are as follows: items connected to personal grooming, weaponry, artifacts used for spinning or in pottery decoration, artifacts related to cosmetics, jewellery, combs, pins for clothing and women’s hair, items related to dressmaking and textile (particularly sewing needles, weaving implements or buttons), parts of soldiers’ equipment, items used for leather working, amulets and other magical items, knife handles, musical instruments, playing stones (e.g., lopsided dices), frames of various kinds (e.g., of mirrors), furniture (including fittings, wood sidings and inlayed decoration), boxes, plaques, writing items (for example, κάλαμοι, calami in Lat.), liturgical and religious items (e.g., crosses and reliquaries), half-finished products and miscellania. Just in the rest of the Roman world, hairpins are the most numerous artifacts made of bone or antler in the Eastern part of the Empire. Gaming pieces represent the other widespread and customary instrumentum category of the worked bones. Several other material groups also used during the processing of bone artefacts, for example, some objects may have been filled with coloured wax to make them to stand out.
So far the study of this material group has been overlooked, whereas there is still a huge amount of unpublished material from excavations, field surveys and museums in the entire Mediterranean and rest of the ancient world. There is a regular conference series of the Worked Bone Research Group (WBRG; cf. <https://www.wbrg.net/>) which include almost all periods and areas. In our e-meeting in 2025 we only focus on bone objects between the fourth century B.C. and the sixth century A.D., and attempt to set out a comprehensive model for the study of bone objects, including their definition, typology, chronology, contexts, function, regional characteristics, production and distribution patterns in the whole eastern Mediterranean geographies, including the Near East, Black Sea area and Balkans. The increasing number of recent finds in the concerned areas over the last thirty years, thanks to the development of preventive archaeology, has tended to challenge our previous observations and assumptions on Graeco-Roman and Byzantine worked bone objects.
It is also our intention to create a complete bibliography of previous publications on bone objects for several areas and chronologies.
We warmly invite contributions by scholars and graduate students from a variety of disciplines related to this material group. Intended to bring together scholars of Greek, Roman and Early Byzantine instrumenta / artefacts’ archaeology to discuss a range of issues concerning this material group characteristics, this video conference should be an excellent opportunity to increase our knowledge about ancient worked bones. The following theme groups are the main questions of the conference which are prescriptive:

- Bone objects from archaeological field projects, museums and private collections,
- Graeco-Roman bone objects in comparison with the bone objects of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic periods, Bronze and Iron Ages,
- Graeco-Roman bone objects in comparison with the Minoan and Mycenaean bone objects,
- Etymology of bone objects in ancient Near Eastern, eastern Mediterranean and Aegean languages,
- Ancient Greek, Latin and Byzantine textual sources on bone objects,
- Typological evolution and design of bone objects,
- Selection criteria for some certain animal genres for bone-working,
- Decoration of bone objects, as detailed chronologies should be established for both the produced forms and their decoration,
- Chronologies of these objects that can highlight the social spread of these products,
- Manufacturing technics, manufacturing tools, major production centres and workshops of bone objects in the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine periods, their organisation and interactions.
- Distribution of bone objects, economic and social aspects: in what type of socio-economic context are they found?,
- Typological and functional features of bone objects during the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine periods: what might the utilitarian, social and/or symbolic functions or practices of these objects have been?
- Identification of the economic factors that contributed to the standardization in the bone-working,
- What ancient Greeks, Romans and Byzantines thought about afterlife? Bone objects in the eastern Mediterranean funerary contexts,
- The role of monastic or religious economy in Early Byzantine bone-working,
- Commodities and their trade through bone objects,
- Relations of bone objects to metal, terracotta, glass, wooden or stone objects: how did this material group fit in with objects made from different materials, particularly metal, glass, or wood? Can any stylistic links be found between them?
- Roman bone objects in the eastern and western Mediterranean and Europe, and their differences,
- Hellenistic and Roman gravestones and other iconographic media depicting bone objects,
- Conservation of worked bone objects, especially excavated finds: current strategies and future approaches,
- Archaeometric analyses of these objects,
- Miscellanea.

On these themes and questions, all approaches and methods susceptible to bring some progress to our current knowledge are of course welcome: archaeology, physical anthropology, archaeozoology, osteoarchaeology, bioarchaeology, palaeohistology, ancient history, history of art, cultural anthropology etc.
A special focus of the workshop is the identification of workshops from different regions, cities and areas, in particular capital cities (such as Byzantium, Ephesus, Pergamum, Antioch-on-the-Orontes, Alexandria, Athens, Rome etc.) with main workshops. A regional approach will enable us to understand the influences and contacts between workshops. Were these exclusively urban activities, or also rural? What motivated their establishment? Political powers, raw materials, the development of urban centres and the urban elite (merchants, craftsmen, religious orders, etc.) or economic outlets? And, are there any imitations or copies in certain localities suggesting competition between workshops?
Another important topic is the manufacturing techniques which were varied and depended on the composition and morphology of each raw material type as much as on the artefact to be produced. Regardless of the raw material, the manufacturing process of an ancient bone object was usually multi-stage:

1. Selection and acquisition of the raw material;
2. Preparation of the raw material, including cleaning, drying and cutting into pieces;
3. The appropriate working processes using instruments like knives, chisels, files, lathes and bow-drills;
4. Finishing the worked objects by grinding, polishing and colouring.

The previous finds reflect that mostly manufacturing techniques were related to an organized production where the different manufacturing stages were standardized and predefined, which can be identified as a chaîne opératoire. Particular attention should be paid to these technical aspects, which are the integral parts of the uniqueness of most of the ancient worked bone objects.
We also need to look at the distribution of these objects on a local, regional, and even supra-regional scale, and trade networks. Some have crossed the overseas, such as Anatolian products unearthed in England. How can these exchanges be explained?

Religious forms at the centre of the Cypriot socio-cultural dimension reflect ancestral and persistent ritual expressions, that appear to be the peculiarities of the main monumental complexes devoted to Aphrodite Paphia and Apollo Hylates. The dense intertwining of religious and cultic traditions that closely linked the two divinities allow a joint investigation of these complexes. This is the premise of a “circular” path in the interpretation of the architectural complexes of the Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates at Kourion, of the Sanctuary of Aphrodite Paphia at Palaipaphos and of the one dedicated to the goddess on “Fabrika Hill” at Nea Paphos. Such path unfolds through the detailed analysis of the concrete proofs, already investigated and / or newly identified, about the centrality of the oracular aspects and the theme of fertility and it is based on new interpretations of elements linked to the cult and the monumental contexts of the consecrated spaces. The resulting overall vision represents a substantial contribution to the study of the deeper aspects of forms of religiosity that the God of the Woods and the Lady of the Gardens shared in Cyprus, also in light of significant references to other sites in the Mediterranean, and with particular regard to the Ptolemaic age.

Le forme di religiosità al centro della realtà socio-culturale cipriota riflettono ancestrali e persistenti espressioni rituali che sembrano peculiari dei principali complessi monumentali sacri ad Afrodite Paphia e ad Apollo Hylates e che consentono una lettura congiunta grazie al fitto intreccio di tradizioni religiose e cultuali che collegavano strettamente le due divinità. È questo il presupposto di un percorso “circolare” nella lettura dei complessi architettonici del Santuario di Apollo Hylates a Kourion, del Santuario di Afrodite Paphia a Palaipaphos e di quello dedicato alla dea sulla collina di “Fabrika” a Nea Paphos. Tale percorso si snoda attraverso la dettagliata analisi delle concrete testimonianze, già indagate e/o di nuova individuazione, circa la centralità degli aspetti oracolari e del tema della fertilità e si basa su inedite letture di elementi legati al culto e ai contesti monumentali degli spazi consacrati. La visione di insieme che ne scaturisce rappresenta un sostanziale contributo per lo studio degli aspetti più profondi delle forme di religiosità che accomunavano a Cipro il Dio dei Boschi e la Signora dei Giardini, anche alla luce di significativi rimandi ad altri siti del Mediterraneo e con particolare riguardo all’età tolemaica.

El presente trabajo expone el estudio arquitectónico y del programa decorativo de la domus altoimperial denominada como Casa de las
Garzas hallada en la intervención de urgencia realizada en el año 2000 en Plaza Pineda nº 2, Córdoba. Los restos de la vivienda constatan
la existencia de una serie de dinámicas que definen su desarrollo entre los siglos I y III d.C., con la construcción de una nueva domus que
amortiza parcialmente la existente, continuando en uso tal y como se desprende de las reformas del programa ornamental y el material
cerámico recuperado. El estudio arquitectónico y decorativo define la funcionalidad de las estancias y profundizar en el conocimiento de la
edilicia privada del límite sur entre la nova y la vetus urbs. Asimismo, el programa pictórico, permite ahondar en las implicaciones decorativas
de los esquemas de fondo blanco y su desarrollo en el sur de Hispania.

Fra il 21 aprile ed il 22 ottobre 2008 è stato realizzato lo scavo definitivo del cortile inferiore dello stabile compreso tra le vie G. Lanza, Cavour e Sforza, destinato alla realizzazione del parcheggio pertinenziale dell’immobile.
L’attuale scavo ha fatto seguito ad una serie di accertamenti archeologici preliminari mediante carotaggio sviluppati tra giugno e luglio 2006, che ha dettato le indicazioni di carattere generale per la dislocazione dei successivi saggi a cielo aperto, eseguiti fra il marzo e il settembre del 2007 sotto il coordinamento ed il controllo di chi scrive.
Lo scavo definitivo del cortile inferiore ha avuto i suoi prodromi fra aprile e maggio 2008, quando, in occasione della rimozione di alcune cisterne interrate situate ai piedi del muraglione di sostegno del cortile superiore, sono state evidenziate diverse strutture moderne in parte impostate su resti romani. La complessa situazione archeologica denunciata, caratterizzata da una notevole continuità di vita, costringeva ad un ridimensionamento dei volumi del parcheggio, del cui progetto veniva disposta immediatamente opportuna e ragionata variante.
La presenza di vaste lacune e di cedimenti nella parte interrata del muraglione di sostegno (la cui antichità veniva confermata dallo scavo) rendeva inoltre necessario rafforzare il versante settentrionale del cortile con una palificazione provvisionale da realizzarsi a ridosso del muro di sostruzione esistente, pensato, nella prima redazione progettuale, come opera provvisionale di scavo in considerazione della sua imponenza (spessore m 4,5) e della notevole altezza della parte interrata (ben 12 m) così come rilevata dai carotaggi preliminari di carattere archeologico e geognostico-strutturale.
A partire dalla fine di agosto si è eseguito lo scavo definitivo per il parcheggio, nel corso del quale sono state documentate altre strutture murarie di età romana ed alto medievale che hanno portato ad un nuovo ridimensionamento del progetto, con l’esclusione d’una porzione di posti auto inizialmente prevista in adiacenza alla nuova palificazione sul lato settentrionale del cortile.
A conclusione delle indagini nella proprietà di Via Cavour Srl è opportuno rimarcare come tutte le attività volte all’acquisizione di elementi di conoscenza del sottosuolo archeologico (carotaggi preliminari, saggi di scavo mirati, scavo definitivo del cortile inferiore con controllo in c.d.o.) siano state effettuate nella cornice d’una fattiva collaborazione fra le parti, nell’ottica della redazione del “migliore progetto possibile”, al fine di contemperare le esigenze della società proprietaria dell'immobile e quelle di pubblica tutela del sottosuolo archeologico, protetto ope legis.
Gli scavi hanno rivelato nel cortile inferiore l’esistenza di significativi resti archeologici qualificando questa zona quale vero e proprio relitto archeologico della propaggine meridionale del Cispio, con una continuità di vita ininterrotta dall’età romana a quella moderna.
Gli scavi hanno altresì confermato le risultanze dei carotaggi del 2006, che indicavano una situazione stratigrafica differente rispetto al cortile superiore, provando l’esistenza di formazioni archeologiche a quote abbastanza profonde con coltri di riporto di formazione moderna di potenza mai inferiore a m 5; tale elemento di fatto, in associazione con la presenza di alcuni profondi locali tecnologici (sup. mq.160, escluse le pareti, prof. m -5), ha consentito, attraverso la profusione di uno sforzo progettuale lodevole, la realizzazione nel rispetto delle preesistenze archeologiche di un piano di parcheggio interrato di adeguato dimensionamento, sebbene quest’ultimo sia stato parzialmente rivisto attraverso un duplice adeguamento progettuale.

Si passa in rassegna e si rintracciano materiali emersi dagli scavi nella necropoli etrusca del IV-III secolo a.C. di Talamone intorno al 1877. Particolarmente affascinante è la storia della situla Czartorysky, con la storia di Tyro al pozzo, di cui si segnala la presenza attuale a Cracovia.

In the year of 2017, the National Museum of Serbia bought a marble statue of Hercules, found near Ruma, in Srem, at the tripoint of the villages of Buđanovci, Dobrinci and Sibač. In the Roman period, this area belonged to the wider city territory of an important centre -Bassianae. The statue is preserved up to the knees, while the lower parts of the statue's legs are missing. It can be presumed, on the basis of the preserved attributes, that the statue represents the eleventh Labour of the hero-god Hercules, since he is shown with apples from the Garden of the Hesperides. This particular Labour hasn't been frequently depicted in Roman sculptural repertoire and the statue from Bassianae represents a unique complete figural composition in the territory of the Roman provinces in today's Serbia so-far.

The thesis deals with glass vessels from the Roman auxiliary fort at Iža, bridgehead of Brigetio. The finds come from both phases of its existence (175 – last quarter of the 4th century), and also from the postvalentinian period (till the half of the 5th century). The main goal of the thesis was to create detailed analysis of the glass vessels within context of the glass-production in the northern Pannonia. The finds consists of 3216 glass
fragments, but only 25 % of them were identified typologically. Most of them were used for drinking. Other vessels served as a container for olis, cosmetics and ointments, to serve liquids and food, to store liquids and for other purposes. Vessels, which are from the period till the half of the 3rd century, were most probably produced in the glass workshop in Brigetio. Origin of the later artefacts is questionable. Some of them could be imported from other provinces.

Темата го опфаќа перидот од раѓањето па се до заоѓањето на антиката во Брегалничкиот басен односно периодот од 5 век пред н.е. па се до крајот или првата деценија на 7 век, период кога со аваро словенските напади биле уништени и запалени сите доцноантички населби и утврдувања. Во рамките на античкиот период покрај тоа што се употребуваат и усовршуват градежни техники од праисторијата (opus caementicum, opus incertum и други), се појавуваат и нови техники на ѕидање (opus guadratum, opus mixtum, opus testaceum, opus vitatum, opus emplektion, комбинирана техника на ѕидање во која се вклучени две или три градежни техники). Во трудот ќе бидат обработени градежните техники кои се констатирани на археолошките локалитети, по пат на рекогносцирање или археолошки истражувања во долината на река Брегалница, со акцент на градежните техники на одбранбените ѕидови од фортфикициите, сакралните и профаните градби на Виничко кале и градот Баргал

Во трудот се презентирани конзерваторско-реставраторските работи со делумна реконструкција на објектот Стоа, од класичниот период на археолошкиот локалитет Вардараски Рид – Гевглија. Конзерваторско реставраторските работи се изведени во 2001, 2002 и 2008 година, врз основа на претходно изработени два Елаборати за конзервација, реставрација и реконструкција во 2001 и 2008 година. Клучни зборови: стоа, конзервација, реставрација, реконструкција, супструкција, суперструкциј

The determination of the potential risks and dangers as well as their degree of danger on the archaeological sites in the upper flow of the river Bregalnica is of strategic importance to them. Thus, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the profile of the potential hazards and the elements of risk on archaeological sites will contribute to preventing them from destruction and damage. Towards all this adding and capacity, communication and coordination with the subjects of culture, protection and rescue, crisis management and others those involved in this issue with a responsible and effective implementation of the necessary measures to prevent and deal with assessed risks and hazards will enable more efficient protection and rescue of archaeological sites in case of their occurrence

The excavations conducted on the archaeological site Bargala in the period 2007 – 2011 supplement and partially conclude previous knowledge about the Episcopium sector. In the light of the the new excavations, the authors analyze the defined newly researched areas, and in particular the usage of certain buildings located by the fortification wall. Because of the character of the discovered buildings, these essay &nbsp;suggests that this area is an integral part of the economic area of the town, which was in the service of the Episcopal center. Based on the conclusion from the research of this area, the authors suggest that only two chronological building phases can be differentiated

Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies (JEMAHS) is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to traditional, anthropological, social, and applied archaeologies of the Eastern Mediterranean, encompassing both prehistoric and historic periods. The journal’s geographic range spans three continents. It brings together, as no academic periodical has done before, the archaeologies of Greece and the Aegean, Anatolia, the Levant, Cyprus, Egypt, and North Africa. As the publication is not identified with any particular archaeological discipline, the editors invite articles from all varieties of professionals who work on the past cultures of the modern countries bordering the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Similarly, a broad range of topics are covered, including, but by no means limited to: Excavation and survey field results; Landscape archaeology and GIS; Underwater archaeology; Archaeological sciences and archaeometry; Material culture studies; Ethnoarchaeology; Social archaeology; Conservation and heritage studies; Cultural heritage management; Sustainable tourism development; and New technologies/virtual reality.

La casata ligure dei Fieschi fu il ramo più importante della numerosa stirpe dei conti di Lavagna, un gruppo consortile composto da varie famiglie discendenti da uno stipite comune e che, intorno alla metà del XII secolo, ebbero diversi soprannomi distintivi, successivamente tramandati come

The paper’s topic is about the events of classical archaeology in Rome between the second post-war period and the years
of the economic boom. By examining publications, research, scholars and cultural policies of the time, an attempt is
made to reconstruct the historical plot of a decade of fundamental importance for Italian and European cultural history

The paper offers some considerations resulted from studies and fieldworks carried out in recent years in Trentino. They try to reflect about the ways of structuring, settling, and managing the Alpine landscape in Roman times. The main focus is on Valsugana, a large valley that develops to the east of Trento and that has always constituted an important natural communication route linking the Adige River Valley, the Piave river Valley and the Venetian plain. A feature that was particularly exploited and enhanced by Romans for the construction of an important road between Trento and Feltre.

Soveti DietZ Cind ^ne ^ie^ProJect m ancient Chalkis, Aetolia near the small, present-day fishing village of 1 Kato Vassiliki, is being carried out under the auspices of the 6th Ephoria of Prehistoric LMZdTOS JS^OlOndS ancj Classical Antiquities in Patras and the Danish Institute atAthens. In 1997 Denmark was represented by the National Museum of Denmark, while the actual responsibility for the field work done in 1998 was divided between this museum and the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen. We are most grateful to the Greek Ministry of Culture for permission to carry out work in Chalkis and to the Consul General Gosta Enbom Foundation which, as during previous campaigns, covered the expenses of the Danish participatation. Further support was provided by the Carlsberg Foundation. The com munity and the Mayor of Gavrolimni kindly made the old school in Kato Vassiliki avail able for storage and study rooms for the expedition. Fig. 3. Tlie trial trenches and units excavated on the hill of Haghia Triadha 1997-1998 (Charalamhos Marinopoulos).

Fig. 1. View jron1 the approxi- mate site cif the Arte111is Laphria temple 011 the acropolis cif Patras towards the Laphrion-hi/1 at Kalydon, her original place cif worship, and 1 1esible to the lift of the T /crrassova lvfountain Sacred landscapes of Aetolia and Achaea: synoecism processes and non-urban sanctuaries "On the acropolis of Patrae is a sanctuary of Artemis Laphria. The surname of the goddess is a foreign one, and her image too was brought in from elsewhere. For after Calydon with the rest of Aetolia had been laid waste by the Emperor Augustus in order that the Aetolian people nlight be incorporated into Nicopolis above Actium, the people of Patrae thus secured the image of Laphria. Most of the images out of Aetolia and fi•om Acarnania were brought by Augustus' orders to Nicopolis, but to Patrae he gave, with other spoils fi•om Calydon, the image of Laphria, which even in my time was still worshipped on the acropolis ofPatrae" (Paus. 7. 18. 8-9; translated by Jones 1961). " In this part of the city [agora and the adjoining areas] is also a sanctuary of Dionysos surnamed Calydonian -for the image of Dionysos too was brought from Calydon" (Paus. 7. 21. 1; translated by Jones 1961) .

In one of the most important mining centres of the ancient Central Balkans, known as Municipium DD (contemporary small town of Socanica), the remains of a temple dedicated to Emperor Hadrian’s companion, Antinous were discovered along with different epigraphic monuments and archaeological objects. In this paper, through architectural and archaeological analysis, a proposed interpretation of the temple’s appearance and archaeological objects dated to the same
period as the temple and discovered in the sacral place or its vicinity, is presented. The interpretation of all finds shows that
the 2nd century temple belonged to the Ionic order of temples, which is a significant fact bearing in mind Emperor Hadrian’s respect and love for the Greek culture and art. The temple of the young Bythynian Antinoeion in Municipium DD lasted only briefly (it was presumably later transformed into Jupiter’s temple or a Capitolium) and the imperial effort of spreading the cult of Antinous from the mentioned mining site was carried on not only by the mining administrators and miners, but also other high
officials in the city administration, high officials in the Roman army, etc. The establishment of the Antinous cult far away from its heartlands in Asia Minor, Greece and Rome, attests to Hadrian’s continued wish to spread the cult of his companion in all parts of the Imperium and to offer a hellenophonic vision of a heterogeneous Roman Empire.
Key words - Antinous, Municipium DD, Hadrian, Moesia Superior, temple

uring archaeological excavations in 2022. with the goal to obtain data important for the conservation works which were to follow, in the northern part of the thermae of Constantine the Great's villa with peristyle, in a layer of debris discovered north of the apse of room 8 of the thermae, a fragmented relief of white marble was discovered (Fig. ). 1 The layer of debris consisted of thick soil with fragments of stone, marble, ceramic and glass. The two marble fragments represent the middle and lower part of the plate and are well preserved. 2 The iconographic presentation is framed by a double moulding and represents the lower part of a figure dressed in a flowing himation, which covers its left leg, while leaving the right leg uncovered; the figure is standing on a globe. Although the representation of the figure is not complete, it could be said with some certainty that the figure in question represents the goddess Victoria who was often shown in an identical pose -standing with one leg on a globe, her richly plaited dress flowing, and frequently with one leg uncovered. In her hands, the goddess usually holds a palm branch and a wreath, which we can presume was the way in which she was also depicted in the Mediana relief. This particular

During the period of Roman rule in the Central Balkan Roman provinces, among other oriental cults, like the Syrian cult of Sol Invictus or the Persian cult of Mithras, Asia Minor deities and theologies were considerably favoured. Epigraphic and archaeological evidence confirms the existence of the cults of Magna Mater, Attis, Iuppiter Dolichenus, Sabazius, Iuppiter Turmasgades, Iuppiter Melanus, Mēn, and Artemis of Ephesus. However, in the eastern parts of the Central Balkan Roman provinces, certain religious syncretism is emphasized, which can be connected to the strong Thracian influence in the mentioned territory. This paper examines the ways and the degree to which Thracian culture penetrated the religious beliefs and funerary rites of the population that inhabited the eastern parts of the Central Balkans in Antiquity.

In the border zone between the Roman provinces of Upper Moesia and Thrace a sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and Hera, defined by the toponymic epithet Souidept?noi, was discovered on the Belava mountain, near Turres (today?s Pirot). The sanctuary presumably encompassed a temenos, an altar and two smaller temples, oriented east-west, with the entrance on the eastern side. Unfortunately, illegal excavations were conducted on the area of the sanctuary by thieves, who stole the small reliefs offered to the deities venerated in the sanctuary, of which the authors of this paper could obtain the data of 31 fragmented votive plates, most of them inscribed. A variety of iconographic schemas, especially the standing divine couple or Zeus and Hera in quadriga, as well as the combination of three onomastics stocks (Thracian, Greek and Latin) illustrate the diversity of traditions and the cultural interferences at work during imperial times. It can be presumed that the sanctuary dedicated to Zeus an...

A monumental altar was found in the very centre of Belgrade, ancient Singidunum, in 1932, with iconographic scenes of the sacrificial procession for a ritual animal sacrifice - immolatio. The scenes depict the procession of sacrificial animals to the altar known as pompa, by the victimarii, but also represent priests of a lower rank (flamines minores), with ritual utensils like a wine-pitcher, patera and acerra, used for the ritus of purification which precedes the sacrifice and for ritual acts during the sacrifice. The altar from Singidunum represents a unique monument with the described iconography in the territory of Moesia Superior and it has only been published in catalogue form to date, never fully analysed or interpreted. Through the analysis of its iconography, typology, function, geographically closest analogies and possible context of its finding, new conclusions regarding the praxis of public ritual sacrifice are brought to light related to the period from the second half...

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. Thus begins the "Concord Hymn" of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), which celebrated the dedication (April 19, 1836) of a monument to the initial battles of the American Revolution. 1 Sixty-one years earlier on this April day in Massachusetts, first at Lexington Green, then at Concord Bridge, American Minutemen had clashed with British regulars. These minor skirmishes, however militarily insignificant, sparked a 40-year explosion of democratic revolutions and warfare in the transatlantic world and throughout Europe with their fiery cries of "Freedom" and "Liberty." For an American, speaking on the Fourth of July at a conference commemorating the 2,500 th anniversary of Marathon, comparison of these two epoch-making events is unavoidable. In both cases, farmers of a citizens' militia, whether American Minutemen or Athenian hoplites, faced foreign professional soldiers and gained some sort of victory, which became a symbol of freedom. In the Western tradition, Marathon has come to represent the original "shot heard round the world.

This study deals with two sculptures of the thunderbolt and the winged goddess Nike or Allat, discovered at Khirbet et-Tannur, which are now displayed in the Archaeology Museum at the University of Jordan. The study focuses first on the concept of the Nabataean thunderbolt, its historical origins and its role within Nabataean religion and art. It also explores the concept of the goddess Winged Nike (Allat), and her role in the Nabataean religious pantheon. Finally, the research examines the technical artistic treatment of the two sculptures.

The burial mounds of the highest Scythian nobility, known as royal kurgans, hold a special significance among the monuments of steppe Scythia. Although there are relatively few of these kurgans, they serve as the primary source for studying the history of the legendary nomadic Scythians who inhabited the Black Sea steppes.
An important aspect of studying Scythian kurgans, alongside examining their funerary structures, is the analysis of kurgan embankments and funeral feasts. Elite Scythian kurgans often feature some sequential burials. This situation necessitates step-by-step reconstructions of the kurgan mounds to understand their connection to the main and secondary burials and the elements of the funerary ritual. However, it is not feasible to conduct such reconstructions for all investigated Scythian noble kurgans, primarily due to the varying research methods employed at different times.
The paper presents detailed reconstructions of the construction of several well-studied elite Scythian kurgans, along with their funerary structures and embankments. It emphasizes the creation of axonometric projections, which effectively illustrate the construction techniques employed in the step-by-step building of the burials, the kurgan embankments, and related elements of the funerary ritual.
These projections not only help visualize the spatial arrangement of the structures but also enable an assessment of the proportions, individual components, and dimensions. Additionally, they provide insights into the level of labor involved in the construction process.
Data on funerary feasts further enrich this information. As an essential aspect of the funeral ritual, these materials allow us to 'revive' the kurgan construction process, quantitatively assess what was consumed during the memorial ceremony, and estimate the number of participants involved.

The Roman Villa of Caddeddi, in the territory of Noto (Siracusa) is located on the south bank of the Tellaro river, about 3km from its mouth. The site, interpreted as a rural luxury residence dated to the mid-4th century CE, was first discovered in 1970 and intermittently investigated in the subsequent decades and mostly studied from the perspectives of the splendid mosaic floors there uncovered. The excavated structure accounts for just a portion of the complex, which is partially covered by a 19th century farmhouse. After a long period of neglect, the villa, mainly known in literature for its exquisite mosaic floors, has been recently restored and opened to the public and become subject of new studies in the context of interdisciplinary collaborative remote sensing project by the

Se trata de una actividad organizada por el departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología con la intención de analizar el papel que han jugado las mujeres a lo largo del tiempo en la construcción de la disciplina arqueológica. La disciplina arqueológica, desde sus orígenes a finales del s. XIX, ha pasado por diferentes etapas teóricas y metodológicas que la han convertido en una ciencia con desarrollo propio. En este proceso las mujeres hemos ocupado espacios muy desiguales, siendo en muchos momentos un auténtico reflejo de la sociedad. La Arqueología ha sido durante décadas, una disciplina muy
masculinizada, sin embargo, con la introducción de la Arqueología de Género y Feminista se está intentando revertir esta situación, la pregunta es, ¿lo estamos consiguiendo? realmente la disciplina arqueológica está subvirtiendo pilares fundamentales de su construcción.
Pues bien, con esta actividad lo que se pretende es dar voz a este proceso de desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres profesionales e investigadores de la arqueología; analizar la situación actual de las mujeres en la arqueología y, sobre todo, reflexionar sobre cuáles son los caminos a seguir en este proceso de lucha hacía la igualdad. Para ello, se ha generado una actividad articulada entre el conjunto del alumnado del Grado, Máster y Doctorado de Arqueología y un conjunto de especialistas de primer nivel de la Arqueología feminista. Esta actividad se llevará a cabo mediante el formato de entrevistas públicas entre el alumnado y dichas especialistas en el marco de una mesa de debate y reflexión.
Esta actividad finalizará con la retransmisión del documental “Off the Archaeological records” que tiene por objetivo descubrir las historias invisibilizadas de las mujeres en la arqueología y el impacto en
la construcción del pasado.

RIASSUNTO – Il presente contributo analizza il contesto archeologico di Monte Casasia nel quadro della frontiera bizantina in Sicilia. Ad una premessa di natura storiografica seguono una prima contestualizzazione topografica, il riesame della letteratura archeologica pertinente e l’esposizione dei dati ricavati da una serie di sopralluoghi condotti in situ. L’elaborato propone infine uno scorcio della regione degli Iblei occidentali alla vigilia dell’invasione musulmana dell’827, provando a ricostruire gerarchie insediative e viabilità e mettendo in luce, quando possibile, alcuni aspetti culturali e politici di una società di frontiera.

SUMMARY – This paper offers an analysis of the archaeological context of Monte Casasia in the historical framework of the byzantine frontier in Sicily. After an historiographical introduction and a topographical overview, a set of data derived from archaeological literature and in situ surveys are discussed. Eventually the article describes the western Hyblaean region on the eve of the Muslim landing of 827, seeking to reconstruct settlement hierarchies and routes networks and trying to highlight, whenever possible, a few cultural and political aspects of a frontier society.

Lo studio degli idronimi: verso una metodologia di indagine. Per un approfondimento dell'interazione Uomo-Ambiente nell'area dell'Agro Romano non può essere tralasciato lo studio dell'idrografia dal momento che, nel paesaggio preso in analisi, sono presenti numerosi fossi e marrane. D'altronde, come il Tevere ha determinato la storia di Roma, così i suoi tributari sono stati protagonisti della caratterizzazione della campagna romana, creando un fitto reticolo di connessioni e confini che hanno condizionato il rapporto di reciproca influenza tra l'uomo e la natura. Allo sviluppo evolutivo dei comportamenti dei regimi idrici si associano spesso le trasformazioni degli idronimi, i nomi dei fiumi, la cui rilettura ed interpretazione consente di ricostruire i cosiddetti "paesaggi mentali" generati dalla percezione che l'uomo ha avuto del paesaggio,

Shards from the iconology of fragility. Notes on the artwork of Kristián Németh / Čriepky z ikonológie krehkosti. Poznámky k tvorbe Kristiána Németha Annotation Kristián Németh's exhibition "Fragment of fragility" at the Gandy Gallery in Bratislava (January 15-March 7, 2015) is a continuation of a long-term reflection on and visualization of the phenomenon of fragility. The variable installation "Fragile" consisting of crystal glasses, vases, bowls, and decanters, has been exhibited in various contexts for thirteen years. Extrusions of protective polystyrene blocks and plants fixed in resin, combined with numerous variations of noble forms of cut glass, confront us with the complicated temporality of the exhibition. The author creates a spatial emblem of fragility, the actualization of which lies mainly in the combination of materials, through which the thinking about the traditional concept of fragility in the Anthropocene changes in a paradigmatic way. Németh's installation confronts us with understanding and experiencing fragility in a new situation, for which we are still searching for adequate forms of expression.

Doc. Mgr. Peter Megyeši, PhD. (*1985) studied history and theory of arts at the Faculty of Philosophy and Arts at the Trnava University in Trnava (2011). He completed his doctoral studies at the Department of History and Theory of Arts at the Trnava University in Trnava with a dissertation thesis devoted to the semantic layers of the medieval iconography of St. Christopher (2014). From 2014 to 2021, he worked as an assistant professor at the Department of Theory and History of Arts at the Faculty of Arts at the Technical University in Košice. He currently works at the Department of History and Theory of Arts at the Faculty of Arts at the Trnava University in Trnava and as a researcher at the Centre of Art Sciences at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava. He is engaged in research on the medieval and early modern age arts, iconography, iconology, emblematics, but also in the reflection on contemporary arts and interpretation issues.

HEROM is a journal presenting innovative contributions to the study of material culture produced, exchanged, and consumed within the spheres of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman world. The journal publishes papers in the full range of the scholarly field and in all relevant academic disciplines within the arts, humanities, social sciences and environmental sciences. HEROM creates a bridge between material culture specialists and the wider scientific community, with an interest in how humans interacted with and regarded artefacts from the late 4th century BC to the 7th century AD. For editorial guidelines, please contact the editors Daniele Malfitana (CNR/University of Catania -

La Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene è lieta di invitarvi alla conferenza “Kolaios of Samos, legendary Tartessos and Phoenicians and Greeks in the Iberian Peninsula", tenuta dal Prof. Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut).
 
L’evento si terrà Giovedì 10 aprile 2025, alle ore 19.00, nell’Aula Magna “Doro Levi”, in odòs Parthenonos 14.
 
La conferenza potrà essere seguita anche a distanza sul canale YouTube della SAIA, https://www.youtube.com/@scuolaarcheologicaitaliana6211
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Η Ιταλική Αρχαιολογική Σχολή Αθηνών έχει την τιμή να σας προσκαλέσει στη διάλεξη «Kolaios of Samos, legendary Tartessos and Phoenicians and Greeks in the Iberian Peninsula», την οποία θα δώσει o Καθ. Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut).
 
Η εκδήλωση θα πραγματοποιηθεί την Πέμπτη, 10 Απριλίου 2025, στις 19:00, στη Μεγάλη Αίθουσα “Doro Levi”, στην οδό Παρθενώνος 14.
 
Η διάλεξη θα μεταδοθεί και διαδικτυακά μέσω του YouTube καναλιού της ΙΑΣΑ: https://www.youtube.com/@scuolaarcheologicaitaliana6211
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The Italian Archaeological School at Athens is pleased to invite you to the lecture “Kolaios of Samos, legendary Tartessos and Phoenicians and Greeks in the Iberian Peninsula”, delivered by Prof. Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut).


The event will take place on Thursday, April 10, 2025, at 7:00 PM, in the Aula Magna “Doro Levi”, at 14 Parthenonos Street.
 
The lecture can also be followed online on the SAIA YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/@scuolaarcheologicaitaliana6211

Основу двадцать пятого выпуска «Херсонесского сборника» составляют статьи, которые касаются находок, открытий и древностей, связанных с историей Северного Причерноморья в античную и средневековую эпохи и, в первую очередь, с территорией и памятниками древнего Херсонеса. Кроме того, освещается ряд аспектов в области древнегреческой историографической традиции. Значительное место в сборнике уделено проблемам тавро-скифской археологии, а также археологическим памятникам Кубани и Северного Приазовья. В отдельные рубрики выделены материалы по античной эпиграфике и по исторической географии средневековой Таврики. Кроме того, рассматриваются актуальные проблемы реставрации музейных предметов и вопросы хранения книжных памятников. Большинство статей сборника богато иллюстрированы. Издание адресуется историкам, археологам, краеведам, студентам и преподавателям, а также всем тем, кто интересуется древ-ней и средневековой археологией, историей и культурой.

Raffaella Cantore 15.45 Iconografie divine nell'epica greca Luca Attenni 16.15 Vecchie e nuove considerazioni sulla stipe votiva in località Pantanacci (Lanuvio) Serena Querzoli 16.45 Quando gli imperatori scelgono di salvare. Considerazioni sulle virtù del potere 17.15 Discussione Le tante forme degli dei Sulle statue di culto nel mondo antico 8 Maggio, 9.30 II Sessione, Aula 1C Palazzo Turchi di Bagno Ada Caruso 9:30 "Come Zeus stesso avrebbe voluto apparire" (Plat. Enn. 5.8.1). Lo Zeus di Olimpia fra ipotesi ricostruttive e documenti" Maddalena Bassani 10.00 Nominare le statue di culto. Riflessioni sulla terminologia antica a partire da alcuni casi di studio Clara di Fazio 10.30 Le forme degli dei romani Francesco Lovino 11.00 Che cos'è un santo? Statue "viventi" nel Cristianesimo tardo antico.

The Archaeological Museum of Lorca houses a collection of Roman coins, including several denarii minted between 49 and 44 BC. This period marks the rise of Julius Caesar to power after the conquest of Gaul and his ultimate victory in the second civil war. The coins minted by Caesar and his followers bear images related to contemporary conflicts and the general’s political ambitions. His appointment as perpetual dictator by the Senate in 44 BC, along with the inclusion of his portrait on minted coins, emulating the style of Hellenistic monarchs, were some of the reasons for his assassination on the Ides of March of that year.
El Museo Arqueológico de Lorca atesora una colección de monedas romanas que incluye varios denarios acuñados entre el 49 y el 44 antes de Cristo, años decisivos en los que Julio César ascendió definitivamente al poder tras la conquista de la Galia y su victoria en la guerra civil. Las monedas acuñadas por César y sus seguidores contienen imágenes que nos hablan del contexto bélico del momento, así como de las ambiciones políticas de César. Su nombramiento como dictador perpetuo y la inclusión de su retrato en vida en monedas, al estilo de un monarca helenístico, terminaron por costarle la vida en las idus de marzo del año 44 a. de C.