High Energy Physics

This report describes the research conducted in the High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory during the period of July 1 through December 31, 2003. Topics covered here include experimental and theoretical particle physics, advanced accelerator physics, detector development, and experimental facilities research. Lists of Division publications and colloquia are included. i Table of Contents I. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM.

We summarize what is known about the transverse spatial distribution of gluons in the nucleon and its x-dependence from exclusive J/ψ photo/electroproduction in ep fixed-target and collider experiments (HERA H1 and ZEUS). This information can be used to predict the impact parameter dependence of the cross section for certain hard QCD processes (dijet production) in pp and pp collisions at the Tevatron and LHC.

The eigenstates of general complex linear combination of SU (1, 1) generators (su c (1, 1) algebraic coherent states (ACS)) are constructed and discussed. It is shown that in the case of quadratic boson representation ACS can exhibit strong both linear and quadratic amplitude squeezing. ACS for a given Lie group algebra contain the corresponding Perelomov CS with maximal symmetry.

Permutation and its partial transpose play important roles in quantum information theory. The Werner state is recognized as a rational solution of the Yang-Baxter equation, and the isotropic state with an adjustable parameter is found to form a braid representation. The set of permutation's partial transposes is an algebra called the "PPT" algebra which guides the construction of multipartite symmetric states. The virtual knot theory having permutation as a virtual crossing provides a topological language describing quantum computation having permutation as a swap gate. In this paper, permutation's partial transpose is identified with an idempotent of the Temperley-Lieb algebra. The algebra generated by permutation and its partial transpose is found to be the Brauer algebra. The linear combinations of identity, permutation and its partial transpose can form various projectors describing tangles; braid representations; virtual braid representations underlying common solutions of the braid relation and Yang-Baxter equations; and virtual Temperley-Lieb algebra which is articulated from the graphical viewpoint. They lead to our drawing a picture called the "ABPK" diagram describing knot theory in terms of its corresponding algebra, braid group and polynomial invariant. The paper also identifies nontrivial unitary braid representations with universal quantum gates, and derives a Hamiltonian to determine the evolution of a universal quantum gate, and further computes the Markov trace in terms of a universal quantum gate for a link invariant to detect linking numbers.

In the context of fluid mixing in microelectromechanical systems, Lagrangian mass transport induced by peristaltic waves traveling on the boundaries of a two-dimensional rectangular closed channel is studied analytically. Based on the Lagrangian description, an asymptotic analysis is performed to generate explicit expressions for the leading-order oscillatory as well as the higher-order time-mean mass transport velocities as functions of the wave properties. For small steady-streaming Reynolds number, we have revisited the problem studied previously in the literature, but with all the results fully presented in the Lagrangian sense.

We uncover the general mechanism and the nature of the today dark energy (DE). This is only based on well known quantum physics and cosmology. We show that the observed DE today originates from the cosmological quantum vacuum of light particles which provides a continuous energy distribution able to reproduce the data. Bosons give positive contributions to the DE while fermions yield negative contributions. As usual in field theory, ultraviolet divergences are subtracted from the physical quantities. The subtractions respect the symmetries of the theory and we normalize the physical quantities to be zero for the Minkowski vacuum. The resulting finite contributions to the energy density and the pressure from the quantum vacuum grow as log a(t) where a(t) is the scale factor, while the particle contributions dilute as 1/a 3 (t), as it must be for massive particles. We find the explicit today dark energy equation of state P = w(z) H: It turns to be slightly w(z) < -1 with w(z) asymptotically reaching the value -1 from below. A scalar particle can produce the observed dark energy through its quantum cosmological vacuum provided: (i) Its mass is of the order of 10 -3 eV = 1 meV, (ii) It is very weakly coupled, and (iii) it is stable on the time scale of the age of the universe. The axion vacuum thus appears as a natural candidate. The neutrino vacuum (especially the lightest mass eigenstate) can give negative contributions to the dark energy. We find that w(z = 0) is slightly below -1 by an amount ranging from (-1.5 × 10 -3 ) to (-8 × 10 -3 ) and we predict the axion mass be in the range between 4 and 5 meV . We find that the universe will expand in the future faster than the de Sitter universe, as an exponential in the square of the cosmic time. Dark energy today arises from the quantum vacuum of light particles in FRW cosmological space-time in an analogous way to the Casimir vacuum effect of quantum fields in Minkowski space-time with non-trivial boundary conditions. (+) passed away (a): Contents I. Introduction and Results 2 II. Scalar Fields in Cosmological Space-Times III. Fermion Fields in Cosmological Space-Times IV. The Cosmological Quantum Vacuum. V. Vacuum Energy Density and Pressure for Late Times VI. The Quantum Nature of the Cosmological Vacuum. VII. Dark Energy from the Cosmological Quantum Vacuum. VIII. Neutrino Mass Eigenstates IX. Light Particle Masses and the Dark Energy Density Today X. The Future Evolution of the Universe XI. Discussion XII. Conclusions A. Dimensional and Cutoff Regularization of the Vacuum Energy References I. INTRODUCTION AND RESULTS Since the discovery of the dark energy in the present universe [1], [2], an intense observational activity has improved our knowledge about it [3], [4], [5], and more activity is expected to provide new data and understanding eg. [6], [7]. Many different approachs and models have been proposed to explain the dark energy [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. For reviews and approachs on the dark energy see for example Refs. [10], [8], [9], [11, 12].

IV. Summary and Conclusions of the Workshop by H J de Vega and N G Sanchez V. Live Minutes of the Workshop by Peter Biermann A. Observations of galaxies B. Our galaxy C. Clusters of galaxies D. Small galaxies E. Galaxies F. Simulations: Pure DM 1. DM with stars and gas. keV scale DM. G. DM with stars, gas, magnetic fields and cosmic rays H. The Bullet Cluster & ΛCDM. I. Theory: Phase space and surface gravity constraints J. Black holes, pulsar kick K. Decisive Observations to find the DM particle 1. Very high precision experiments? III. HIGHLIGHTS BY THE LECTURERS

The future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to be built at CERN 1 , by the turn of the millenium, provides an ample source of challenging real-time computational problems. We report here some results from a collaboration between CERN EAST 2 (RD-11) group and DEC-PRL PAM 3 team. We present implementations of the four foremost LHC algorithms on DECPeRLe-1 [1]. Our machine is the only one which presently meets the requirements from CERN (100 kHz event rate), except for another dedicated FPGA-based machine built for just one of the algorithms . All other implementations based on single and multiprocessor general purpose computing systems fall short either of computing power, or of I/O resources or both.

The result of a search at the LHC for heavy stable charged particles produced in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV is described. The data sample was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb -1 . Momentum and ionization-energy-loss measurements in the inner tracker detector are used to identify tracks compatible with heavy slow-moving particles. Additionally, tracks passing muon identification requirements are also analyzed for the same signature. In each case, no candidate passes the selection, with an expected background of less than 0.1 events. A lower limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of a stable gluino is set at 398 GeV/c 2 , using a conventional model of nuclear interactions that allows charged hadrons containing this particle to reach the muon detectors. A lower limit of 311 GeV/c 2 is also set for a stable gluino in a conservative scenario of complete charge suppression, where any hadron containing this particle becomes neutral before reaching the muon detectors.

We review genetic programming principles, their application to FOCUS data samples, and use the method to study the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay D + → K + π + π -relative to its Cabibbo favored counterpart, D + → K -π + π + . We find that this technique is able to improve upon more traditional analysis methods. To our knowledge, this is the first application of the genetic programming technique to High Energy Physics data.

A measurement of the b-hadron production cross section in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV is presented. The dataset, corresponding to 85 nb -1 , was recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC using a low-threshold single-muon trigger. Events are selected by the presence of a muon with transverse momentum p µ T > 6 GeV with respect to the beam direction and pseudorapidity |η µ | < 2.1. The transverse momentum of the muon with respect to the closest jet discriminates events containing b hadrons from background. The inclusive b-hadron production cross section is presented as a function of muon transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured total cross section in the kinematic acceptance is σ(pp → b + X → µ + X ) = 1.32 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.30(syst) ± 0.15(lumi)µb.

A search for narrow resonances at high mass in the dimuon and dielectron channels has been performed by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, using pp collision data recorded at √ s = 7 TeV. The event samples correspond to integrated luminosities of 40 pb -1 in the dimuon channel and 35 pb -1 in the dielectron channel. Heavy dilepton resonances are predicted in theoretical models with extra gauge bosons (Z ′ ) or as Kaluza-Klein graviton excitations (G KK ) in the Randall-Sundrum model. Upper limits on the inclusive cross section of Z ′ (G KK ) → ℓ + ℓ -relative to Z → ℓ + ℓ -are presented. These limits exclude at 95% confidence level a Z ′ with standard-model-like couplings below 1140 GeV, the superstring-inspired Z ′ ψ below 887 GeV, and, for values of the coupling parameter k/M Pl of 0.05 (0.1), Kaluza-Klein gravitons below 855 (1079) GeV.

A search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two Z bosons with subsequent decay into a final state containing two quark jets and two leptons, H → ZZ(*) → q $ \overline {\text{q}} $ ℓ − ℓ + is presented. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7 $ TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. In order to discriminate between signal and background events, kinematic and topological quantities, including the angular spin correlations of the decay products, are employed. Events are further classified according to the probability of the jets to originate from quarks of light or heavy flavor or from gluons. No evidence for the Higgs boson is found, and upper limits on its production cross section are determined for a Higgs boson of mass between 130 and 600 GeV.

We apply a genetic programming technique to search for the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decays Λ + c → pK + π -and D + s → K + K + π -. We normalize these decays to their Cabibbo favored partners and find BR(Λ + c → pK + π -)/BR(Λ + c → pK -π + ) = (0.05 ± 0.26 ± 0.02)% and BR(D + s → K + K + π -)/BR(D + s → K -K + π + ) = (0.52 ± 0.17 ± 0.11)% where the first errors are statistical and the second are systematic. Expressed as 90% confidence levels (CL), we find < 0.46% and < 0.78% respectively. This is the first successful use of genetic programming in a high energy physics data analysis.

A search for new physics is performed in events with two same-sign isolated leptons, hadronic jets, and missing transverse energy in the final state. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4:98 fb À1 produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This constitutes a factor of 140 increase in integrated luminosity over previously published results. The observed yields agree with the standard model predictions and thus no evidence for new physics is found. The observations are used to set upper limits on possible new physics contributions and to constrain supersymmetric models. To facilitate the interpretation of the data in a broader range of new physics scenarios, information on the event selection, detector response, and efficiencies is provided.

Bose-Einstein correlations between same charge particles are measured in samples of proton-proton collisions at 0.9 and 7 TeV centre-of-mass energies, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The signal is observed in the form of an enhancement of number of pairs of same-sign charged particles with small relative momentum. The dependence of this enhancement on kinematic and topological features of the event is studied.

Results are reported from a search for new physics processes in events containing a single isolated high-transverse-momentum lepton (electron or muon), energetic jets, and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a 4.98 fb -1 sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, obtained with the CMS detector at the LHC. Three separate background estimation methods, each relying primarily on control samples in the data, are applied to a range of signal regions, providing complementary approaches for estimating the background yields. The observed yields are consistent with the predicted standard model backgrounds. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the parameter space for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, as well as on cross sections for simplified models, which provide a generic description of the production and decay of new particles in specific, topology based final states.

The top-quark mass is measured in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb -1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the dilepton decay channel tt → ( + ν b) ( -ν b), where = e, μ. Candidate top-quark decays are selected by requiring two leptons, at least two jets, and imbalance in transverse momentum. The mass is reconstructed with an analytical matrix weighting technique using distributions derived from simulated samples. Using a maximum-likelihood fit, the top-quark mass is determined to be 172.5 ± 0.4 (stat.) ± 1.5 (syst.) GeV.

The Hamiltonian of a pure hydrogen atom possesses the SO(4) symmetry group generated by the integrals of motion: the angular momentum and the Runge-Lenz vector. The pure hydrogen atom is a supersymmetric and superintegrable system, since the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Schrödinger equations are separable in several different coordinate systems and has an exact analytical solution. The Schrödinger equation for a hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark effect) is separable in parabolic coordinates. The system has two conserved quantities: z-projections of the generalized Runge-Lenz vector and of the angular momentum. The problem is integrable and has the symmetry group SO(2)xSO(2). The ion of the hydrogen molecule (problem of two Coulomb centers) has similar symmetry group SO(2)xSO(2) generated by two conserved z-projections of the generalized Runge-Lenz and of the angular momentum on the internuclear axis. The corresponding Schrödinger equation is separable in the elliptical coordinates. For the hydrogen atom in a uniform magnetic field, the respective Schrödinger equation is not separable. The problem is non-separable and non-integrable and is considered as a representative example of quantum chaos that cannot be solved by any analytical method. Nevertheless, an exact analytical solution describing the quantum states of a hydrogen atom in a uniform magnetic field can be obtained as a convergent power series in two variables, the radius and the sine of the polar angle. The energy levels and wave functions for the ground and excited states can be calculated exactly, with any desired accuracy, for an arbitrary strength of the magnetic field. Therefore, the problem can be considered superintegrable, although it does not possess supersymmetry and additional integrals of motion.

I consider the sense in which teleparallel gravity and symmetric teleparallel gravity may be understood as gauge theories of gravity. I first argue that both theories have surplus structure. I then consider the relationship between Yang-Mills theory and Poincaré Gauge Theory and argue that though these use similar formalisms, there are subtle disanalogies in their interpretation.

An alternative interpretation of the conformal transformations of the metric is discussed according to which the latter can be viewed as a mapping among Riemannian and Weyl-integrable spaces. A novel aspect of the conformal transformation's issue is then revealed: these transformations relate complementary geometrical pictures of a same physical reality, so that, the question about which is the physical conformal frame, does not arise. In addition, arguments are given which point out that, unless a clear statement of what is understood by "equivalence of frames" is made, the issue is a semantic one. For definiteness, an intuitively "natural" statement of conformal equivalence is given, which is associated with conformal invariance of the field equations. Under this particular reading, equivalence can take place only if the metric is defined up to a conformal equivalence class. A concrete example of a conformal-invariant theory of gravity is then explored. Since Brans-Dicke theory is not conformally invariant, then the Jordan's and Einstein's frames of the theory are not equivalent. Otherwise, in view of the alternative approach proposed here, these frames represent complementary geometrical descriptions of a same phenomenon. The different points of view existing in the literature are critically scrutinized on the light of the new arguments.

This chapter examines symmetries in the physical universe from the perspective of a geometry based on spheres of 4D space with a diameter equal to the Planck length. Through these spheres, a connection is proposed between the fundamental properties of particles and the fields they generate, highlighting that the properties of mass, energy, momentum and electric charge emerge as manifestations of the rotation and curvature of space.
The implications of these symmetries in the context of quantum mechanics and relativity are also reviewed, considering the possibility of unifying concepts in a deeper geometric framework. The exploration of these ideas could offer new perspectives on the nature of mass, energy and the fundamental interaction between particles.

Vacuum can be defined with exact mathematical precision as the state which remains when a fermion, with all its special characteristics, is created out of absolutely nothing. The definition leads to a special form of relativistic quantum mechanics, which only requires the construction of a creation operator. This form of quantum mechanics is especially powerful for analytic calculation, at the same time as explaining, from first principles, many aspects of the Standard Model of particle physics. In particular, the characteristics of the weak, strong and electric interactions can be derived from the structure of the creation operator itself.

A representation of the Dirac algebra, derived from first principles, can be related to the combinations of unit charges which determine particle structures. The algebraic structure derives from a broken symmetry between 4-vectors and quaternions which can be applied to the broken symmetry between the three nongravitational interactions. The significance of this relation for Grand Unification is derived by explicit

The nilpotent Dirac formalism has been shown, in previous publications, to generate new physical explanations for aspects of particle physics, with the additional possibility of calculating some of the parameters involved in the Standard Model. The applications so far obtained are summarised, with an outline of some more recent developments.

It is proposed that the Dirac equation, as normally interpreted, incorporates intrinsic redundancies whose removal necessarily leads to an enormous gain in calculating power and physical interpretation. Streamlined versions of the Dirac equation can be developed which remove the redundancies and singularities from many areas of quantum physics while giving quantum representations to specific particle states.

n Riemannian geometry there is a unique combination of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar that defines a fourth-order Lagrangian for conformal gravity theory. This Lagrangian can be greatly simplified by eliminating the curvature tensor term, leaving a unique combination of just the Ricci tensor and scalar. The resulting formalism and the associated equations of motion provide a tantalizing alternative to Einstein-Hilbert gravity that may have application to the problems of dark matter and dark energy without the imposition of the cosmological constant or extraneous scalar, vector and spinor terms typically employed in attempts to generalize the Einstein-Hilbert formalism. Gauss-Bonnet gravity specifies that the full Lagrangian hides an ordinary divergence (or surface term) that can be used to eliminate the curvature tensor term. In this paper we show that the overall formalism, outside of surface terms necessary for integration by parts, does no...

Thermodynamics of a large family of black holes from electrovacuum solutions of Einstein's equations is studied. This family includes rotating and nonaccelerating black holes with NUT charge, and rotating and accelerating black holes. The surface gravity, Hawking temperature and the area laws for these black holes are presented. The first law of thermodynamics is also given. An interesting outcome of our analysis is the restriction obtained on the magnitude of acceleration for these black holes.

What if space is not a background, but a memory of alignment?

We propose a framework in which geometry and spatial structure emerge from the coherence dynamics of a distributed network of interacting sensors. Each sensor carries a normalized spinor state-a local frame of orientation-and interactions are mediated by SU(2) voltage assignments on the edges of a directed simplicial complex. Holonomy around closed loops encodes discrete curvature as accumulated misalignment, while relaxation dynamics simulate gravitational cooling, guiding the system toward global coherence. Local disagreement is quantified by spinor entropy, whose coboundary defines an entropic curvature cocycle-a cohomological measure of irreducible misalignment. Persistent regions of entropy localize as spinor vortices, classified by topological defects in the moduli space of SU(2) configurations. An informational action functional governs the system's evolution, with its minima corresponding to coherent ground states and its critical points marking symmetrybreaking transitions. Rooted in recent advances in voltage graphs, discrete gauge theory, and distributed cognition, this model offers a unified language for emergent geometry, topological field theory, and observer mechanics. In this view, space is not assumed, but enacted-a topological residue of coherence across a field of perspectives.

Inflationary spacetimes have been argued to be past geodesically incomplete in many situations. However, whether the geodesic incompleteness implies the existence of an initial spacetime curvature singularity or whether the spacetime may be extended (potentially into another phase of the universe) is generally unknown. Both questions have important physical implications. In this paper, we take a closer look at the geometrical structure of inflationary spacetimes and investigate these very questions. We first classify which past inflationary histories have a scalar curvature singularity and which might be extendible and/or non-singular in homogeneous and isotropic cosmology with flat spatial sections. Then, we derive rigorous extendibility criteria of various regularity classes for quasi-de Sitter spacetimes that evolve from infinite proper time in the past. Finally, we show that beyond homogeneity and isotropy, special continuous extensions respecting the Einstein field equations with a perfect fluid must have the equation of state of a de Sitter universe asymptotically. An interpretation of our results is that past-eternal inflationary scenarios are most likely physically singular, except in situations with very special initial conditions.

We discuss the properties of the gas of primordial 'stringy' black holes possibly formed in the highcurvature phase preceding the bouncing transition to the phase of standard cosmological evolution. We show that the regime dominated by such a string-hole gas can be consistently described by explicit solutions of the string effective action including first-order α corrections. We present a phase space analysis of the stability of such solutions comparing the results obtained from different actions and including the possibility of O(d, d)-symmetric configurations.

A search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a W-boson pair at the LHC is reported. The event sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1 and 19.4 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The Higgs boson candidates are selected in events with two or three charged leptons. An excess of events above background is observed, consistent with the expectation from the standard model Higgs boson with a mass of around 125 GeV. The probability to observe an excess equal or larger than the one seen, under the background-only hypothesis, corresponds to a significance of 4.3 standard deviations for m H = 125.6 GeV. The observed signal cross section times the branching fraction to WW for m H = 125.6 GeV is $ 0.72_{-0.18}^{+0.20 } $ times the standard model expectation. The spin-parity J P = 0+ hypothesis is favored against a narrow resonance with J P = 2+ or J P = 0− that decays to a W-boson pair. This result prov...

Organized by Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Organizers M. Fukuma (Kyoto) S. Iso (KEK) K. Ito (TIT) H. Kunitomo (YITP) N. Sasakura (YITP, Cochair) S. Watamura (Tohoku, Cochair) Organizers M. Fukuma (Kyoto) S. Iso (KEK) K. Ito (TIT) H. Kunitomo (YITP) N. Sasakura (YITP, Cochair) S. Watamura (Tohoku, Cochair)

Observing that the Hamiltonian of the renormalisable scalar field theory on 4-dimensional Moyal space A is the square of a Dirac operator D of spectral dimension 8, we complete (A, D) to a compact 8-dimensional spectral triple. We add another Connes-Lott copy and compute the spectral action of the corresponding U(1)-Yang-Mills-Higgs model. We find that in the Higgs potential the square φ 2 of the Higgs field is shifted to φ ⋆ φ + const • X µ ⋆ X µ , where X µ is the covariant coordinate. The classical field equations of our model imply that the vacuum is no longer given by a constant Higgs field, but both the Higgs and gauge fields receive non-constant vacuum expectation values. 1 For any f ∈ S(R d ) there are f 1 , f 2 ∈ S(R d ) with f 1 ⋆ f 2 = f .

As a first application of our renormalisation group approach to non-local matrix models [hep-th/0305066], we prove (super-) renormalisability of Euclidean two-dimensional noncommutative φ 4 -theory. It is widely believed that this model is renormalisable in momentum space arguing that there would be logarithmic UV/IR-divergences only. Although momentum space Feynman graphs can indeed be computed to any loop order, the logarithmic UV/IR-divergence appears in the renormalised two-point function-a hint that the renormalisation is not completed. In particular, it is impossible to define the squared mass as the value of the two-point function at vanishing momentum. In contrast, in our matrix approach the renormalised N-point functions are bounded everywhere and nevertheless rely on adjusting the mass only. We achieve this by introducing into the cut-off model a translation-invariance breaking regulator which is scaled to zero with the removal of the cut-off. The naïve treatment without regulator would not lead to a renormalised theory.

We study the geometry of the phase space of a particle in a Yang -Mills-Higgs field in the context of the theory of Dirac structures. Several kno wn constructions are merged into the framework of coupling Dirac structures. Functorial pro perties of our constructions are discussed and examples are provided. Finally, application s t fibered symplectic groupoids are given.

We show that integrable conformal Jacobi fibrations are in one-to-one correspondence with source-simply connected fibered conformal contact groupoids. We also prove that prequantizable Poisson fibrations give rise to Jacobi fibrations. In addition, source-simply connected symplectic groupoids associated to prequantizable and integrable Poisson fibrations are also prequantizable.

Two muon telescopes to study solar events and climate changes are currently under construction in Campinas and Niteroi, Brazil. These telescopes are located in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly and will measure muon flux. The single apparatus consists of four detectors arranged to detect vertical muons and 45 degrees inclined muons from East or West. Each detector uses a plastic scintillator slab, 150x75x5cm3, and 130 mm photomultiplier assembled into a trapezoidal container. In this paper, we illustrate the main features of the telescopes, electronics and data acquisition.

In this talk, we report our recent studies for the chiral magnetic effect, which signals the P -and CP -violations at heavy ion collisions. We compute the electric current and its correlations, induced by the external magnetic field, inside the hot and dense QCD matter created in the HIC. For this purpose, we employ the instanton-liquid model, modified by the Harrington-Shepard caloron at finite T . We observe that the chiral magnetic effect current and its correlations increase with respect to the magnetic field, whereas decease as functions of T , due to the diluting instanton ensemble. It turns out that the numerical results are in good agreement with those from the model-independent analyses and lattice QCD simulations. We also reproduce the charge separations, observed in the STAR experiment, qualitatively well, considering the simplified Liénard-Wiechert potential, screening and size effects.

Recent high-energy collider data reveal anomalous pre-collision trajectory deviations in subatomic particles. These deviations, which resist explanation via Standard Model dynamics or localized field influence, suggest the presence of non-visible geometric attractors — potentially higher-dimensional constraint surfaces. We propose these attractors are manifestations of memory-resonant coherence curvature embedded within the Δν_f lattice: a neutrino-based informational scaffold proposed in the NDISH-II framework. In this model, particle behavior is not fully stochastic but guided by field curvature shaped by historical coherence events, encoded into the lattice. This addendum outlines the mechanism by which the neutrino field may act as a pre-causal attractor grid, reframing causality as the unfolding of memory-guided field tension.

Abstract: The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^ 34 cm^-2s^-1. This report is the Executive Summary (Volume I) of the four volume Reference Design Report. It gives an overview of the physics at the ILC, the accelerator design and value estimate, the detector concepts, and the next ...

In this review we present a thoroughly comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences. Amongst other things, we cover General Relativity, Scalar-Tensor, Einstein-Aether, and Bimetric theories, as well as TeVeS, f (R), general higher-order theories, Hořava-Lifschitz gravity, Galileons, Ghost Condensates, and models of extra dimensions including Kaluza-Klein, Randall-Sundrum, DGP, and higher co-dimension braneworlds. We also review attempts to construct a Parameterised Post-Friedmannian formalism, that can be used to constrain deviations from General Relativity in cosmology, and that is suitable for comparison with data on the largest scales. These subjects have been intensively studied over the past decade, largely motivated by rapid progress in the field of observational cosmology that now allows, for the first time, precision tests of fundamental physics on the scale of the observable Universe. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference tool for researchers and students in cosmology and gravitational physics, as well as a self-contained, comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject as a whole.