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2010, arXiv (Cornell University)
In this talk, we report our recent studies for the chiral magnetic effect, which signals the P -and CP -violations at heavy ion collisions. We compute the electric current and its correlations, induced by the external magnetic field, inside the hot and dense QCD matter created in the HIC. For this purpose, we employ the instanton-liquid model, modified by the Harrington-Shepard caloron at finite T . We observe that the chiral magnetic effect current and its correlations increase with respect to the magnetic field, whereas decease as functions of T , due to the diluting instanton ensemble. It turns out that the numerical results are in good agreement with those from the model-independent analyses and lattice QCD simulations. We also reproduce the charge separations, observed in the STAR experiment, qualitatively well, considering the simplified Liénard-Wiechert potential, screening and size effects.
Revista mexicana de física, 2009
It has recently been pointed out that in peripheral collisions of heavy nuclei at high energies, a sizable magnetic field is produced in the interaction region. This fact opens up the possibility to study the chiral phase transition in a quark gluon plasma in the presence of a magnetic field. Here we work in the linear sigma model to compute the finite-temperature effective potential. We give an account only up to one-loop order where we show that in the weak field case, the effects of the magnetic field are subdominant. We argue that the magnetic field effects will show up when including the next order correction, the so called ring diagrams.
2015
We study the dynamical evolution of the so-called chiral magnetic effect in an electromagnetic conductor. To this end, we consider the coupled set of corresponding Maxwell and chiral anomaly equations, and we prove that these can be derived from chiral kinetic theory. After integrating the chiral anomaly equation over space in a closed volume, it leads to a quantum conservation law of the total helicity of the system. A change in the magnetic helicity density comes together with a modification of the chiral fermion density. We study in Fourier space the coupled set of anomalous equations and we obtain the dynamical evolution of the magnetic fields, magnetic helicity density, and chiral fermion imbalance. Depending on the initial conditions we observe how the helicity might be transferred from the fermions to the magnetic fields, or vice versa, and find that the rate of this transfer also depends on the scale of wavelengths of the gauge fields in consideration. We then focus our attention on the quark-gluon plasma phase, and analyze the dynamical evolution of the chiral magnetic effect in a very simple toy model. We conclude that an existing chiral fermion imbalance in peripheral heavy ion collisions would affect the magnetic field dynamics, and consequently, the charge dependent correlations measured in these experiments.
International Journal of Modern Physics E, 2021
In this article, there are 18 sections discussing various current topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena, which will serve as a snapshot of the current state of the art. Section 1 reviews experimental results of some recent light-flavored particle production data from ALICE collaboration. Other sections are mostly theoretical in nature. Very strong but transient magnetic field created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions could have important observational consequences. This has generated a lot of theoretical activity in the last decade. Sections 2, 7, 9, 10 and 11 deal with the effects of the magnetic field on the properties of the QCD matter. More specifically, Sec. 2 discusses mass of [Formula: see text] in the linear sigma model coupled to quarks at zero temperature. In Sec. 7, one-loop calculation of the anisotropic pressure are discussed in the presence of strong magnetic field. In Sec. 9, chiral transition and chiral susceptibility in th...
Physical Review C, 2011
The chiral model is used to describe quark matter under strong magnetic fields and compared to other models, the MIT bag model and the two flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The effect of vacuum corrections due to the magnetic field is discussed. It is shown that if the magnetic field vacuum corrections are not taken into account explicitly the parameters of the models should be fitted to low density meson properties in the presence of the magnetic field.
2011
The chiral model is used to describe quark matter under strong magnetic fields and compared to other models, the MIT bag model and the two flavors Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The effect of vacuum corrections due to the magnetic field is discussed. It is shown that if the magnetic field vacuum corrections are not taken into account explicitly the parameters of the models should be fitted to low density meson properties in the presence of the magnetic field.
International Journal of Modern Physics E
The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavyion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.
Annals of Physics, 2000
Instantons generate strong non-perturbative interactions between quarks. In the vacuum, these interactions lead to chiral symmetry breaking and generate constituent quark masses on the order of 300-400 MeV. The observation that the same forces also provide attraction in the scalar diquark channel leads to the prediction that cold quark matter is a color superconductor, with gaps as large as ∼ 100 MeV. We provide a systematic treatment of color superconductivity in the instanton model. We show that the structure of the superconductor depends on the number of flavors. In the case of two flavors, we verify the standard scenario and provide an improved calculation of the mass gap. For three flavors, we show that the ground state is color-flavor locked and calculate the chiral condensate in the high density phase. We show that as a function of the strange quark mass, there is a sharp transition between the two phases. Finally, we go beyond the mean-field approximation and investigate the role of instanton-antiinstanton molecules, which-besides superconducting gap formation-provide a competitive mechanism for chiral restoration at finite density.
Physical Review D, 2010
The structure of the phase diagram for strong interactions becomes richer in the presence of a magnetic background, which enters as a new control parameter for the thermodynamics. Motivated by the relevance of this physical setting for current and future high-energy heavy ion collision experiments and for the cosmological QCD transitions, we use the linear sigma model coupled to quarks and to Polyakov loops as an effective theory to investigate how the chiral and the deconfining transitions are affected, and present a general picture for the temperature--magnetic field phase diagram. We compute and discuss each contribution to the effective potential for the approximate order parameters, and uncover new phenomena such as the paramagnetically-induced breaking of global Z_3 symmetry, and possible splitting of deconfinement and chiral transitions in a strong magnetic field.
2016
In order to study the temperature dependence of the quark-hadron phase structure and the QCD equation of state in vanishing and finite magnetic field, the SU(3) Polyakov linear-sigma model is utilized. In mean field approximation, the dependence of various magnetic properties such as magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and magnetic catalysis is analyzed in finite magnetic field. Furthermore, the influences of finite magnetic field on the temperature dependence of some transport properties (viscosity and conductivity) from Green-Kubo correlation are characterized.
Chinese Physics C
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a novel transport phenomenon, arising from the interplay between quantum anomalies and strong magnetic fields in chiral systems. In high-energy nuclear collisions, the CME may survive the expansion of the quark-gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. Over the past two decades, experimental searches for the CME have attracted extensive interest at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main goal of this study is to investigate three pertinent experimental approaches: the correlator, the R correlator, and the signed balance functions. We exploit simple Monte Carlo simulations and a realistic event generator (EBE-AVFD) to verify the equivalence of the core components among these methods and to ascertain their sensitivities to the CME signal and the background contributions for the isobar collisions at the RHIC.
Nuclear Physics A, 2014
The hot QCD matter produced in any heavy ion collision with a nonzero impact parameter is produced within a strong magnetic field. We study the imprint the magnetic fields produced in non-central heavy ion collisions leave on the azimuthal distributions and correlations of the produced charged hadrons. The magnetic field is time-dependent and the medium is expanding, which leads to the induction of charged currents due to the combination of Faraday and Hall effects. We find that these currents result in a charge-dependent directed flow v 1 that is odd in rapidity and odd under charge exchange. It can be detected by measuring correlations between the directed flow of charged hadrons at different rapidities, v ± 1 (y 1)v ± 1 (y 2) .
Symmetry, 2021
Strong magnetic fields impact quantum-chromodynamics (QCD) properties in several situations; examples include the early universe, magnetars, and heavy-ion collisions. These examples share a common trait—time evolution. A prominent QCD property impacted by a strong magnetic field is the quark condensate, an approximate order parameter of the QCD transition between a high-temperature quark-gluon phase and a low-temperature hadronic phase. We use the linear sigma model with quarks to address the quark condensate time evolution under a strong magnetic field. We use the closed time path formalism of nonequilibrium quantum field theory to integrate out the quarks and obtain a mean-field Langevin equation for the condensate. The Langevin equation features dissipation and noise kernels controlled by a damping coefficient. We compute the damping coefficient for magnetic field and temperature values achieved in peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions and solve the Langevin equation for a...
Physics Letters B, 2021
Isobaric 96 44 Ru+ 96 44 Ru and 96 40 Zr+ 96 40 Zr collisions at √ s nn = 200 GeV have been conducted at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider to circumvent the large flow-induced background in searching for the chiral magnetic effect (cme), predicted by the topological feature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Considering that the background in isobar collisions is approximately twice that in Au+Au collisions (due to the smaller multiplicity) and the cme signal is approximately half (due to the weaker magnetic field), we caution that the cme may not be detectable with the collected isobar data statistics, within ∼2σ significance, if the axial charge per entropy density (n 5 /s) and the QCD vacuum transition probability are system independent. This expectation is generally verified by the Anomalous-Viscous Fluid Dynamics (avfd) model. While our estimate provides an approximate "experimental" baseline, theoretical uncertainties on the cme remain large.
1998
In the lecture we review several issues related to recent development in nonperturbative QCD. The "instanton liquid model" reproduces not only the basic vacuum parameters (the condensates) but even hadronic correlators. New information obtained from lattice simulations also confirm it. Meanwhile the model itself was developed into a self-consistent approach, allowing to include 't Hooft interaction to all orders. It was also generalized to non-zero temperatures and high densities. We discuss one issue, displayed by behavior of the pion and rho correlation functions: the former has strong non-perturbative effects at small distances, the latter has none. What happens at T ∼ Tc can be answered by dilepton production experiments with heavy ion collisions. The results definitely indicate large changes in spectral density and "melting" of the rho, possibly with reaching chiral restoration.
Nuclear Physics A, 2021
The Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Collaboration was formed with the goal of providing a theoretical framework for analyzing data from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The physics goal of the BES program is the search for a conjectured QCD critical point as well as for manifestations of the chiral magnetic effect. We describe progress that has been made over the previous five years. This includes studies of the equation of state and equilibrium susceptibilities, the development of suitable initial state models, progress in constructing a hydrodynamic framework that includes fluctuations and anomalous transport effects, as well as the development of freezeout prescriptions and hadronic transport models. Finally, we address the challenge of integrating these components into a complete analysis framework. This document describes the collective effort of the BEST Collaboration and its collaborators around the world. CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Lattice QCD results A. Phase diagram B. Equation of state at finite density C. Correlations and fluctuations of conserved charges III. Critical fluctuations and anomalous transport A. Fluctuation dynamics near the critical point 1. Introduction 2. Theoretical developments B. Chiral Magnetic Effect and related phenomena IV. EoS with 3D-Ising model critical point V. Initial Conditions A. Challenges of the Beam Energy Scan B. Pre-BEST status of 3D initial condition models C. Simple collision geometry based 3D initial condition D. Dynamical initial condition VI. Hydrodynamics A. Introduction and summary B. Conventional relativistic hydrodynamics 1. Results from full 3D dynamical simulations 2. Baryon diffusion 3. Code validation for different hydrodynamic frameworks C. Anomalous hydrodynamics 1. Phenomenological simulations of CME 2. Evolution of Electromagnetic Field D. Fluctuation dynamics 1. Hydro+ simulations 2. The simulation of stochastic hydro VII. Non-critical contributions to proton number fluctuations A. Sources of non-critical fluctuations 1. Exact baryon number conservation 2. Repulsive interactions 3. Volume fluctuations B. Non-critical baseline from hydrodynamics VIII. Particlization and kinetic transport A. Introduction and overview B. Local microcanonical particlization of fluctuating hydrodynamics C. Freezing out critical fluctuations D. Hadronic afterburner with adjustable mean-field potentials IX. Global modeling and analysis framework A. The BEST modeling framework B. Global Bayesian analysis X. Present Status, outlook and conclusions
EPJ Web of Conferences, 2016
Under extreme conditions of high temperature and/or large quark (baryon) density, the vacuum of QCD changes its properties, and deconfinement, chiral symmetry restoration as well as chiral symmetry breaking take place. These transitions (phases) are accompanied by the rapid change in the rate and nature of topological transitions connecting different topological sectors. The heavy ion collisions (HIC) program opens a possibility to study these phenomena in so-called non-Abelian Quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In these phases the currents of light quarks (vector and axial-vector) can be independently examined for right-handed (RH) and left-handed (LH) quarks. To describe such a quark matter chiral chemical potential can be introduced to quantify the presence of chirality imbalance (ChI) i.e. the difference between the average numbers of RH and LH quarks in the fireball after HIC. In this review talk we will focus our attention on the discussion of the ChI related developments in heavy ion physics at central collisions and the plans for the future experiments aimed at establishing (or falsifying) the presence of Local spacial Parity Breaking (LPB) in heavy ion data. We describe some of experimental observables in detecting the signal of LPB. A number of measurements is proposed that allow to reach a definite conclusion on the occurrence of LPB effects in non-Abelian QGP produced in central heavy ion collisions and its simulation within a number of QCD-inspired models is outlined. Based on the effective meson theory in the presence of Chern-Simons interaction it is found that the spectrum of massive vector mesons splits into three polarization components with different effective masses. Moreover a resonance broadening occurs that leads to an increase of spectral contribution to the dilepton production as compared to the vacuum state. The asymmetry in production of longitudinally and transversely polarized states of ρ and ω mesons for various values of the dilepton invariant mass can serve as a characteristic indication of the LPB in CERES, HADES, PHENIX, STAR, NA60 and ALICE experiments.
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