Archaeological Theory

Ao longo das quatro décadas em que assegurou a lecionação da disciplina de Arqueologia naquela Universidade, e das três décadas e meia em que foi Diretor, por inerência, do Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, então estabelecimento anexo à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, a imagem que os seus detratores transmitiram para a generalidade dos vindouros -exceto para os que com ele conviveram ou trabalharam de perto -foi de um professor, frio e distante. E, no entanto, a possibilidade de estudo detalhado dos seus cadernos veio contrariar aquela imagem. Tais cadernos, em boa hora adquiridos pelo Estado em 1998, através do Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, vieram comprovar um arqueólogo que, afinal, procedia ao registo sistemático das suas escavações e observações, ao contrário do que até então era voz corrente, revogando a ideia de um arqueólogo descuidado e ausente. A prova é a assinalável informação deles entretanto aproveitada, que suportou a elaboração de diversas dissertações, tanto de mestrado como de doutoramento. Essa nova visão do arqueólogo, veio a ser completada pela reapreciação da dimensão do professor, cujo perfil a documentação agora publicada permitiu traçar, pela primeira vez de forma límpida e rigorosa, confirmando a opinião já anteriormente apresentada pelo seus mais próximos discípulos, como o Dr. Fernando Castelo-Branco e o Dr. M. Farinha dos Santos. A publicação integral dos seus apontamentos da disciplina de Pré-História, redigidos em 1926/1927, e depois anotados, alterados e melhorados ao longo de toda a década seguinte, pertencente ao Arquivo Histórico do Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, foi acompanhada por notável conjunto de fichas, adquiridas igualmente em 1998, onde se encontram registados os tópicos das suas aulas de Arqueologia e de Pré-História, lecionadas anualmente desde 1948 até 1964 (ano da sua jubilação). O cuidado e pertinência com que as matérias se encontram enunciadas, e a sequência lógica da sua apresentação, exprimem a atualização bibliográfica permanente dos conhecimentos científicos de Manuel Heleno, sempre atento aos progressos verificados tanto na metodologia das escavações, como na aplicação de conhecimentos de outras ciências à Arqueologia, designadamente da Geologia e da Biologia, para além de novas técnicas analíticas, como o método do radiocarbono, exposto aos seus alunos imediatamente depois da sua des-Suplemento_OAP_8.indd 7 27/11/13 16:23

Melanie Augstein /Matthias Halle/ Uwe Kraus / Kathrin Krüger / Matthias Wöhrl (Hrsg.), kultUrgeschichten. Ur- und Frühgeschichte aus historischer, methodischer und theoretischer Perspektive (= Festschrift für Ulrich Veit). Bielefeld: transcript 2025.


Der Band enthält ein Schriftenverzeichnis von Ulrich Veit [bis 2023]

Für weitere Informationen siehe die Homepage des Verlags und der Herausgebenden

How do archaeologists come to establish and validate accounts of the past, based on their encounters with its material remains as mediated by fieldwork, collections, and years of study and toil? How do they justify claims they make, and on what grounds do they accept or reject claims made by others? How do they reach good decisions as they investigate, construct, curate, and communicate the archaeological record? What are archaeological facts, and how do they come to be accepted as such? What are the traits of sound archaeological syllogisms? And, more generally, what is archaeological knowledge? Where can we find it, and in which forms does it manifest itself? How can it be captured, represented, and analyzed? How is it communicated, debated, and evaluated? Is there "good" and "bad" archaeological knowledge, and how can we tell them apart? Which factors are at play in knowledgemaking, and in knowing? What are the implications and stakes of archaeological knowledge, and the ways it comes into being? Few archaeologists spend much time reflecting directly on this Pandora's box of vexing questions. Yet many of them, prompted by engaging with the transdisciplinary perspectives in this exciting volume on the use of computational approaches to discourse and argument analysis in archaeology, are central to methodological aspects of archaeological research, and to the acquisition of archaeological expertise. For one thing, competent archaeologists should surely be able to reason on the validity of an archaeological study in their area of expertise, and, beyond that, to produce research findings substantiated by persuasive arguments, supported by reliable evidence, and consonant with accepted knowledge in their field. On the other hand, scholars of archaeological theory, as well as those concerned with policies, decision-making, and interventions related to the preservation of archaeological heritage, its multiple and often conflicting socioeconomic, cultural and symbolic uses, and the future of archaeological work, need also to grapple routinely with questions related to the factors under which archaeological knowledge is produced, the felicity conditions under which archaeological facts can be deemed to be acceptable, and the status, impact, and repercussions of resulting knowledge for contemporary societies. In almost all aspects of archaeological work, researchers and professionals are inevitably entwined in knowledge-laden activities...

Wenn im Titel dieses Beitrags von „Gründerjahren“ die Rede ist, so weist dieser Begriff zunächst einmal darauf hin, dass zentrale Fachinstitutionen der mitteleuropäischen Ur- und Frühgeschichtsforschung in der Zeit um
1900 ihren Ursprung haben. Seinerzeit wurde nicht nur der Grundstein für die späteren Universitätsinstitute in Wien (1899)  und Berlin (1902) gelegt,
parallel dazu konstituierte sich auch der Süd- und Westdeutsche Verband für Altertumsforschung (1901), und in Frankfurt/a. M. wurde mit der
Römisch-Germanischen Kommission (1902) eine erste öffentlich finanzierte Zentralstelle zur Erforschung der frühen heimischen Geschichte ins Leben gerufen.
Eine solch nüchterne Bilanz der Institutionalisierung unseres Faches allein wird dem Begriff „Gründerjahre“ im Titel dieses Beitrags allerdings nicht vollständig gerecht. Vielmehr impliziert dieser Begriff auch die Vorstellung eines bestimmten „Gründergeists“ im Sinne einer Aufbruchstimmung und Fortschrittserwartung. Ziel meiner Ausführungen ist es, diesem „Gründergeist“ unter den am Aufbau des Faches Ur- und Frühgeschichte
beteiligten Hauptakteuren nachzuspüren.
....

Die Ur- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie setzt heute zur ‚Faktensicherung’ unterschiedlichste analytische Methoden ein und bereitet auf diese Weise historische Interpretationen der ihr zur Verfügung stehenden Quellen vor. Ihren eigentlichen Ausgangspunkt bilden indes nicht diese zu ‚Fakten’ verdichteten Quellen, sondern bestimmte erkenntnisleitende Fragen, die in der Gegenwart gründen. Beschäftigt man sich mit der Frage von Gewalt in der Ur- und Frühgeschichte, so ist ‚Gesellschaft’ deshalb zwangsläufig immer in zweifacher Hinsicht tangiert: Als vergangene Gesellschaft, die teilweise unreflektiert eine spezifische ‚Gewaltkultur’ hervorgebracht hat, und als gegenwärtige Gesellschaft, die sich vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlichster eigener Gewalterfahrungen fragend und rückversichernd der Vergangenheit zuwendet. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Art und Weise der Gewaltdarstellung und Gewaltdeutung in fach- und populärwissenschaftlichen
Schriften der Ur- und Frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie. Dabei wird gefragt, in welchem Umfang und auf welche Weise diese Darstellungen und Deutungen durch gegenwärtige Gewalterfahrungen und -diskurse
mitgeprägt sind.

Ein Workflow-Tool für archäologische Experimente und Analysen. In diesem Beitrag werden Hintergrund und Design eines Workflow-Tools beschrieben, das bei der Planung und Dokumentation archäologischer Experimente unterstützen soll. Es besteht aus einer benutzerfreundlichen Oberfläche für den Entwurf von Flussdiagrammen und wird für den Einsatz auf Smartphones, Tablets und Desktop-Computern konzipiert. Das Tool wird im Rahmen eines größeren Projekts entwickelt, das auf die Schaffung einer digitalen Infrastruktur abzielt um die gemeinsame Nutzung digitaler Ressourcen durch die Beteiligten aus den verschiedenen Bereichen der Archäologie zu erleichtern. Unser Workflow-Tool strebt an, die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Archäologie einer breiteren archäologischen Gemeinschaft zugänglich zu machen und sie „wissenschaftlicher“ zu gestalten. Es soll auch dazu beitragen, potentielle Fehler zu vermeiden und den Einsatz von Zeit- und/oder Ressourcen bei der Durchführung von Experimenten durch gezieltere Planung zu optimieren.

The archaeological settlements of the Early Neolithic Urfa region in Türkiye have garnered academic and public interest since the 1990s due to their large-scale stone architecture and rich iconography, particularly featuring phallic imagery. While main-stream narratives suggest a male-centred society in the region, feminist and queer theory approach such interpretations with a critical eye. By challenging traditional‘male-centred society’ narratives through the lens of queer and feminist theories, this study offers a critique of existing methodologies that fail to historicize archaeological data. By recontextualizing the phallic iconography through the lens of sexuality, this study proposes a new interpretation: the phallus was not a symbol of male power, but an agent facilitating spiritual transcendence, enabling ecstatic experiences and serving as a conduit between the material and spiritual realms.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/queer-feminist-perspective-on-the-early-neolithic-urfa-region-the-ecstatic-agency-of-the-phallus/DA7F48EBD3FA2A14380452B9E5FB7FF5

Within this paper, glocalization is presented to explain the heterogeneity of the Uruk Expansion/Phenomenon, a process which saw extensive interactions and cultural integration across Mesopotamia during the fourth millennium BCE, characterized by the spread of southern Mesopotamian material culture and cultural practices. Through close examination of archaeological data from the Adhaim-Sirwan Drainage Basin, southern Iraqi Kurdistan, a region which is emerging as a focus of intense culture-contact during the Uruk Phenomenon, I contend that a glocalized perspective of this phenomenon better illuminates its regional nuances and complexities, as well as the interactions between local and Uruk communities within the Adhaim-Sirwan. By employing a glocalizing framework, this paper demonstrates that cultural interactions led to varied adaptations of the Uruk Phenomenon and illustrates the dynamic interplay between global influences and local responses. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a nuanced understanding of the Uruk Phenomenon, highlighting its regional variability and the importance of local agency in shaping cultural outcomes, thereby framing it as a distinctly glocalized process rather than an expression of globalization.

The digital map must be built by using all the resources available based on a rigurous analisys of their content and the costs involved, having the purpose of reaching the necessary quality under conditions of maximum efficiency. Each data source implies the ...

Obsidian sourcing (or provenancing) is the process by which obsidian artifacts are matched to the geological sources from which the raw material originated. Given that obsidian is a substance that has been used from the emergence of our genus to the 21st century, reconstructing the movement of obsidian artifacts has great relevance to a wide variety of research questions. Matching obsidian artifacts to their origins has been called “one of the success stories of archaeological science” as well as “one of the most productive and successful research programs of archaeological science” (Williams-Thorpe, 1995). Furthermore, it has been labeled as “a microcosm of the development of archaeological science” (Henderson, 2001), reflecting wider trends within archaeology. Identifying an artifact’s source is only a proximate goal: the ultimate aim is to elucidate human behavior in the past. Since its inception during the 1960s, a variety of technological and methodological advances have been incorporated into obsidian sourcing research around the world. The focus here is not an overview of global obsidian sourcing articles. Instead, this paper is organized according to a set of familiar questions: What? When? Who? Where? How? Why? What next? The goal here is to address how obsidian sourcing has been, is now, and can be used to better understand our past, eventually moving from generating data to developing archaeological models and theories.

Given the importance of the Levant in understanding the origins and dispersals of modern humans, there has been great interest in archaeological evidence to support population movements between the Levant and adjacent regions. The link, if any, between the Aurignacian tradition across Europe and the "Levantine Aurignacian" is a particular focus. Ksar Akil in Lebanon not only is one of the most deeply stratified Levantine sites but also has the longest record of Upper Paleolithic behaviors, so it is a benchmark to which developments in the Levant are often compared. Schmidt and Zimmermann ( ) recently proposed that the European Aurignacian tradition might best be understood in terms of connectivity, as evidenced by long-distance lithic transfers that can act as a proxy for mobility and social networks. Here we document a previously unreported obsidian burin from Ksar Akil. Portable X-ray fluorescence reveals that it matches a source ≥700 km away on foot in central Turkey. Two recent dating programs have calculated ages of ~41-38 and ~39-37 ka cal BP for its layer, which also included an obsidian flake and immediately precedes the Levantine Aurignacian at the site. The obsidian artifacts from Ksar Akil are roughly contemporaneous obsidian from Yabroud Rockshelter II in Syria and Shanidar Cave in Iraq. Such instances of long-distance obsidian transport imply that connectivity might have risen ahead of the Levantine and Zagros Aurignacian. Unfortunately, due to the limited chronological resolution of older excavations at these sites, only at Ksar Akil can we have confidence that the layer containing obsidian artifacts immediately precedes the earliest Levantine Aurignacian sensu stricto layer. Given the apparent rarity of obsidian in the Levant, this region will benefit from endeavors to nondestructively source other toolstone materials as a means to create datasets similar to those recently used to model cultural areas of the European Aurignacian.

Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) instruments have gained considerable attention within the archaeological community. Few other recent instrumental developments have generated such debate. Much of this debate, which is dominated by scepticism over analytical performance, has occurred in informal settings. Rather than judge the use of pXRF based on unpublished work and conference banter, we conducted an extensive literature review of peer-reviewed research that used this technology. Our focus is developing an understanding of how, where, and why pXRF is being used in archaeology. What interests us most are research designs into which only pXRF could be integrated and the new research approaches these instruments may facilitate. Trends that emerged from the literature are surprising. For example, only 43% of the archaeological "pXRF" papers actually involve handheld instruments. In addition, more than four-fifths of handheld pXRF in archaeology is apparently conducted in laboratory contexts. Only 3% has been conducted in a fieldhouse or on-site laboratory, and 15% at an excavation, on a survey, or inside a historic structure. Here we argue that, while the technical capability to analyse archaeological materials using portable instruments may exist, it is not necessarily true the methodological and theoretical frameworks are in place to allow such activities to be archaeologically successful and significant. Because handheld pXRF is uniquely suited to in situ analysis, we expect the first changes in methodological and theoretical approaches will involve space, context, and related frameworks.

Linear earthworks of a monumental character are an enigmatic part of the British landscape. Research in Britain suggests that such features range in date from the early 1st millennium BC to the Early Middle Ages. While the  roles of these monuments in past societies cannot be understated, they remain a relatively under-researched phenomenon. This article introduces the Leverhulme Trust-funded ‘Monumentality and Landscape: Linear Earthworks in Britain’ project, which aims to provide a comparative study of linear earthworks focusing on those dating to the Iron Age and early medieval period. This contribution reviews our approach and shares preliminary results from the project’s first year, identifying wider implications for the study of linear earthworks.

From the North Sea to the Mediterranean, from the Atlantic to the Black Sea: The spatial distribution of late Roman and early medieval material culture demonstrates the era's longdistance human connections. New finds, as well as methodological and theoretical developments, allow us to analyse them from a new perspective. The rise of the digital humanities has brought an immense range of possible network analyses, and the innovations of the science turn enable us to visualize connections between humans and animals, or between nature and material culture, on a large scale and with variable time scales. Theoretical Archaeology, in turn, offers perspectives on networks related to concepts of Actor Network Theory, entanglement, agency and enchainment. It is hoped that the new possibilities and perspectives will help to deconstruct the limiting factors of spatial or geopolitical boundaries.

Von der Nordsee zum Mittelmeer, vom Atlantik zur Schwarzmeerküste: Die räumlichen Verteilungen von materiellen Überresten aus Spätantike und Frühmittelalter zeigen, über welche Distanzen die Menschen dieser Zeit miteinander verbunden waren.
Neufunde, aber auch methodologische und theoretische Entwicklungen erlauben heute deren Betrachtung unter neuen Vorzeichen. Aus methodischer Sicht hat etwa der Aufschwung der Digital Humanities ein riesiges Spektrum an Möglichkeiten für Netzwerkanalysen mit sich gebracht, während im Zuge des Science Turn Vernetzungen zwischen Mensch und Tier, zwischen Natur und materieller Kultur in großem Maßstab und mit variablen Zeitleisten visualisiert werden. Die Theoretische Archäologie wiederum bringt etwa mit der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie Ansätze rund um Verflechtung (Entanglement), Agency und Enchainment verschiedene netzwerkbezogene Perspektiven ein.
Die neuen Analysemöglichkeiten und Perspektiven, so die Hoffnung, können unter anderem bei der Dekonstruktion von naturräumlichen oder geopolitischen Grenzen als forschungslimitierenden Faktoren helfen.

M 2 (-7-g P & ,(-5 )F D 7-g P & 8 S =(-* D5 ( 2> $( -9 $-* . C (-, ( + <0 )2 9 C * 5 )* )* I $( -(-. 0 (-7( I2 $ ? )'* & ___________________________________________________________________ 1. UNCTAD stat Z = 41 1"d 0 Z c= ( 1 )@ 0 6 e ; d # S (F 0 ______________ 365 DE b )* 9 ) 3 -5 & )2 (-; <0 7( I2 -( & ,(-8 )F C )* $( -X 12 29 26 * ) * ;(-b 42 41 ;(-(-7( I2 & * 12 S =(-7 * )* ;(-b 15

Klifovi u mekim stijenama vrlo su dinamičan okoliš koji se neprestano erodira i mijenja te je zbog sve većeg iskorištavanja u turističke i graditeljske svrhe važno pratiti eroziju klifova i uočiti moguće zone hazarda. S razvitkom tehnologije pojavile su se nove metode u izradi modela pri čemu se olakšavaju brojne analize klifova, a jedna od njih izrada je 3D modela metodom digitalne fotogrametrije. Metodom SfM-MVS fotogrametrije moguće je stvoriti digitalne modele reljefa klifa te utvrditi geomorfološke promjene na njima. U ovom radu prikazana je izrada 3D modela klifa na Duilovu koji je nastao u mekim stijenama, konkretnije u flišu. Predstavljeni su najbitniji koraci za izradu takve vrste modela te su objašnjeni najčešći problemi koji se mogu pojaviti pri izradi. Završni rezultat modeliranja klifa na Duilovu u ovom seminarskom radu je digitalni površinski model (DSM).Cliffs developed in soft rocks are a very dynamic environment that is constantly eroding and changing. Due to the in...

V roce 2007 byla zahájena stavba pokládky elektrického kabelu v poloze Zahořice na k.ú. Hříměždice. Jednalo se o základní zasíťování 13 stavebních parcel na ploše knovízského sídliště, situovaného v blízkosti bývalého, dnes zatopeného Kujalova lomu (obr. 1). Při kontrole výkopu byly zjištěny dva objekty a kulturní vrstva obsahující nálezy. Následně byl proveden záchranný archeologický výzkum malého rozsahu. Soubor předmětů je uložen v HM Příbram pod přírůstkovým číslem 134/2007.

The post-Roman centuries led to deep changes for peasant communities in the countryside. The past ten years of research on Portuguese inland territories has yielded new insights into this previously elusive period. This paper focuses mainly on archaeological data gathered from Castelo de Vide, a territory of Alto Alentejo (Central Portugal). Our findings combine evidence from different research methods and scales of assessment. These include field-surveys, spatial analysis, excavations, material culture, and radiocarbon dating, along with a critical review of grey literature from previous works in the region. Looking into the contexts of individual settlements allows us to explore social construction and detect patterns for broader socio-economical practices, which will be the focus of this paper.

The construction of grand narratives in Balkan archaeology has been shaped in subtle yet profound ways by geopolitical agendas. This paper examines the impacts of imperialist, colonialist, and nationalist archaeology, using Bruce Trigger's foundational framework, with a particular focus on the Greek region of Macedonia. Archaeology in this region began to formalize in the first half of the 20 th century, becoming a tool of colonial influence that reflected the cultural imperialism of the powers that prevailed after World War I. Following World War II, a distinctly nationalist archaeology arose -not as a direct response to previous colonial activities or external threats, but as a reflection of internal social tensions that surfaced after the Greek Civil War. These tensions were framed within patriotic archaeological narratives, a practice that persists today, albeit with declining effectiveness as the cultural and social landscape of regional archaeology has changed.

The diverse contributions in this book show that the main challenges for the field are a lack of standardisation, interoperability and open-source solutions, as well as of long-term archiving solutions. The contributions also show that efforts are being made to sustainably integrate 3D technologies into the field of archaeology. Within the broader context of digital archaeology, it is argued that, in addition to technical issues, attention must be paid to ethical considerations about the nature of technology, cultural heritage and accessibility. Finally, the entanglements of technology with violent contexts must also be critically assessed. The aim of this book was to provide insight into current cutting-edge applications of 3D technology in archaeology, as well as to identify the most-pressing challenges

Subtítulo del curso: una relación indisociable en una sociedad compartida.
La Zoohistoria es una disciplina recientemente cultivada en España. Este curso a través de un programa detallado, por etapas históricas, analiza el papel de los animales a través del tiempo. Una segunda parte del programa se examinan las especies más influyentes en la H. de España

Lecture. `Rethinking the materiality of Abydos stelae´. Current Research in Egyptology CRE, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain. June 17-21.
The historical-archaeological analysis of a site artifacts propose conceptualizations and classifications -from selected theoretical-methodological frameworks- for the ordering and creation of databases, among other contributions. Throughout this process the artifacts are included in categories (and subcategories) that in many cases become diffuse. This presents different problems; on one hand that of defining objects as actors of a particular technological, social or ideological function; when they are supposed inseparable in practice. On the other hand that of differentiating features that have utility value from those that do not. The use of functional terms for certain artifacts supposes an analytical functionality by providing categories of analysis that suppose and presuppose a direct relation between their form and function.
In the field of Egyptology, the case of the Abydos site is a good example of an uncritical application of the stelae concept. Since the first excavarion works started in the mid-nineteenth century by Auguste Mariette and Flinders Petrie, and more recently by the University of Pennsylvania research group, hundreds of these objects have been found, rendering it an important case study. In this paper, we first present the multiplicity of categories and the absence of clear theoretical frameworks that allow to systematize and problematize the stelae. Secondly, we will consider the theory of materiality, allowing us to advance in new theoretical-methodological proposals for the reconceptualization of the stelae of Abydos.

This article defines the spatial configuration of the large pre-colonial site in the present-day city of Santarém on the lower Amazon, Brazil, demonstrating a settlement pattern consisting of two villages separated by a seasonal lake. The sites Aldeia (121 ha) and Porto (89 ha) form part of the largest archaeological complex found today in any urban area of Amazonia. The article describes the research methods employed, including augering, geophysical prospecting, and stratigraphic excavation, and presents the contexts of cultural occupation, as well as the chronology, which confirms the contemporaneity of these sites between A.D. 1200 and 1600. Both sites are habitational, while the Aldeia site appears to have been a ceremonial center with features for depositing shamanic artifacts. The article argues that although evidence has been found for a hierarchy of sites within the region, this does not imply political centralization but rather situates the Aldeia site as a place of ritual convergence, thus pointing to other ways of thinking about social complexity.

Paleolithic evidence of the Indian subcontinent is often expressed through the wealth of lithic antiquities from the Stone Age. In this region, the earliest known lithic remains comprise simple cores and flakes recovered from the Siwalik Hills. The Siwalik Hills are the foothills of the southern edge of the Himalayas, and area goldmine zone for Soanian lithic implements. Although Acheulean remains have also been reported, their occurrences are few. Nevertheless, these remains have been known date from the Pleistocene, which shows varied patterns of land use and intraregional versatility. In the Siwalik Hills, Soanian implements are of two kinds: (i) a chopper type of the Lower Paleolithic period and (ii) a flake type belonging to the Middle Paleolithic period. The present study was undertaken at a newly discovered Stone Age locality, Bam, located within the frontal range of the Siwalik Hills in the Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The area under study plays an important role in understanding the relationship between people and land. The paper explores the Soanian cultural remains of the site to obtain an in-depth understanding of its nature against the backdrop of raw material availability and exploitation. The study also throws light on the local geological and geomorphological settings of the area.

En el marco de estas jornadas, que invitan a la reflexión sobre el uso e interpretación de fuentes documentales y materiales en la construcción de discursos sobre las sociedades antiguas desde puntos de vista de los estudios poscoloniales/decoloniales, la presente conferencia busca reflexionar sobre los conceptos de materialidad, textualidad, contexto y arte, e incita a pensar su función en el pasado y el presente. De este modo, en la presente conferencia se abordan diversos temas, que se encuentran interconectados, principalmente relacionados con: a. las tradiciones y continuidades/discrepancias disciplinarias, a partir de la recopilación de conceptos tales como materialidad, material, soporte, contexto, epigrafía, entre otros; b. los aspectos tecnológicos como parte inherente de la imagen y del texto; c. el caso del antiguo Egipto como motivo para debates actuales en relación con los discursos sobre la construcción del pasado y el presente, de los objetos y las comunidades. Con esta presentación se buscar recalcar la necesidad de mantener una mirada crítica y amplia sobre el estudio de las sociedades del pasado, alejada de todo actualismo, de la implementación de analogías directas y de enfoques etnocentristas disciplinarmente centrados en tradicionalismos obsoletos.

CHIQUET, Patricia Anne, BURRI-WYSER, Elena. Structuration de l&#39;espace au Néolithique moyen à Concise (Vaud, CH). Styles céramique et faune comme marqueurs d&#39;identité? In: Annick Richard, François Schifferdecker, Jean-Pierre Mazimann et Cécile Bélet-Gonda. Le peuplement de l’Arc jurassien de la Préhistoire au Moyen-Age.. Besançon et Porrentruy : Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, Office de la Culture et Société jurassienne d&#39;Emulation, 2013. p. 239-247

SFB 1070 RESSOURCENKULTUREN dArV – AG Etrusker & Italiker
23. Treffen
SOZIALE RESSOURCEN UND KOLLEKTIVE IDENTITÄTEN IM VORRÖMISCHEN ITALIEN
Tübingen, 21. bis 23. Februar 2025 Institut für Klassische Archäologie der Universität Tübingen, Ernst von Sieglin Hörsaal
Organisiert von Raffaella Da Vela, Robinson Krämer und Beat Schweizer

The present work has as purpose to approach the evidences of the African presence in the American continent during the period of the pre-colonial Brazil, having as justification the antiquity of the poblamiento of the American continent by the human beings in front of the evidences of the “hypothesis of Clovis “which places between 13 to 11 thousand the first migratory cams originating from the passage of the Bering Strait. The main objective of this work is to point out the multiple migratory possibilities of the first human groups, be it by the north, south, east and west, trying to associate those possibilities with the archaeological evidences found

In this article, we suggest that archaeologists should recognise the limitations of the term ‘‘artefact’’, because it does not capture the many ways that diverse groups think about and interact with such objects. There are two important reasons for doing this. First, as we show through numerous examples, archaeologists’ conception of portable material objects as ‘‘artefacts’’ is narrow and unlikely to align with the conceptions by the people who left them behind. Second, like the terms ‘‘prehistory’’ and ‘‘human remains’’, ‘‘artefact’’ is a settler-colonialist construct that elevates Western scientific jargon above terminology that other stakeholders may see as more respectful or appropriate. As an alternative to the term ‘‘artefact’’, this article explores ‘‘belongings’’ as a way to open up understandings of the many different meanings associated with archaeological objects and to refer more inclusively to them in diverse contexts.

The Author offered an intelectual history of the theorem &#39;memorial&#39; (or lieu de memoire) and provided an overview of cognitive capabilities, which - from the perspective of methodology of history - are opened by this category. Also he proves the need for further systematic studies on the memory of the Silesian Uprisings

The article deals about the rescue archaeological excavation in Trmice by Ústí nad Labem in the north-western Bohemia, especially about two sunken objects (the workshop or cottage and the grain pit) both dated to the Culture of Globular Amphorae (around 3000 BC), at the end of middle Eneolithic period , implicates the rare occurrence of these structures whole in region Bohemia.

The examination of funerary landscapes in ancient Egypt has traditionally encountered challenges in establishing comprehensive perspectives that could facilitate the formulation of theories explaining the paradigms governing the creation and evolution of these spaces. Indeed, in recent decades, with the advent of new methodological and epistemological approaches, certain foundational principles explaining the placement of necropolises, the organization of tombs and the symbolism inherent to these environments have been called into question. This article seeks to introduce a fresh perspective on the Egyptian funerary landscape and its role in shaping cosmogonic narratives, establishing sacred spaces and contributing to the cultural transmission of these elements. Employing a methodological framework rooted in emerging fields of study like cognitive archaeology, fractal geometry and a reexamination of Egyptian protoculture, we aim to provide a novel understanding of this landscape. Given the evidence we have presented, it has become necessary to articulate a new concept that crystallizes these innovative viewpoints and offers a fresh interpretive framework for the study of landscape archaeology, not only within Egyptology but also in the broader realm of archaeology as a whole.

The article deals with two gold hoards from Mikhal'kiv (formerly Michałków) in western Ukraine, which were discovered in 1878 and 1897. Most of the objects from these previously large hoards are no longer preserved. The Department of Prehistory of the Natural History Museum Vienna keeps the most comprehensive existing complex of original finds. The article discusses both finds in their cultural-historical context. Against the background of the find history of these deposits with an ornate character dating to the early 8th century BCE, the authors investigated whether individual artefacts from both hoards originate from the same gold source. The micro-invasive laser ablation and QICP-MS analyses revealed that the examined objects from both hoards have an identical gold composition. A second series of measurements was carried out on two unprovenanced gold plates acquired from the art market (now in the collection of the Archaeological State Museum of Gottorf Castle, Schleswig Holstein Federal State Museums Foundation), which correspond stylistically to the Mikhal'kiv-Dalj hoard find complex. The aim was to clarify whether the chemical composition is comparable and, thus, whether they could belong to one of the Mikhal'kiv hoards. This is not the case since both sheets belong to a different variety of gold.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Digital archaeologists claim that their practices have proven to be an important tool for mediating conflict, ensuring that the digital turn in archaeology entails engaging in current political issues. This can be questioned by analysing a copy of the Syrian Arch of Triumph. The original was destroyed in 2015. A year later, a copy was carved out of Egyptian marble; the replica was constructed thanks to digital documentation, which allowed archaeologists to create a 3D model. The arch was placed in various Western locations; however, it never reached Syria. Hybridity, the cultural and political significance of the arch’s replica and its ‘Grand Tour’ invite us to think about different interpretive layers of this artefact of ideological discourse (ontological, epistemological, ethical). In this paper, the replica of the Syrian arch will be analysed through the frameworks of post-colonial theory and technology studies. Both perspectives provide an insight into promising advantages and a...

reconstructed parts of the site, while Antoine Poidebard, an early exponent of aerial archaeology, mapped the desert landscape from above. Technocratic programmes like those outlined above reinforce a sense of superiority for Westerners in cultural and technical matters. Bell (2015, xiii) described such interventions as 'vast schemes for the government of the universe'. However, as history reminds us, those claiming to bring knowledge and civilization are often ultimately the destroyers, looters and beneficiaries of other people's pasts. Hijacking ISIS, whether in copying the Palmyrene arch or having a Russian orchestra play in the Roman amphitheater (Plets 2017; Meskell 2018), reflects the enormous desire of foreign states, international bodies, academics and entrepreneurs to triumph. Some of these efforts have ultimately backfired. In Florence, the IDA had purportedly forged a 'true global symbol of the triumph of co-operation over conflict, optimism over despair, and human ingenuity over senseless destruction'. Stobiecka enumerates such quests, often shrouded in a military lexicon, where technology fights back: '3D printers can help undo the destruction of ISIS.' The same was true with Bamiyan. The motivations are reflective of deep desires by the international community to rewrite history and tell a story of success, rather than the failures of heritage agencies like UNESCO (Isakhan and Meskell 2019). Furthermore, a kind of fatigue has developed around the Syrian humanitarian crisis: thus it is easier to fixate on monumental loss than on the ongoing plight of people. Although well intentioned, such virtual efforts reside in Stobiecka's 'exclusive zone set by archaeologists, art historians, conservators' (p. 124). In the main, they reveal our ignorance of regional events and disciplinary histories. She recommends that archaeologists 'resign from the digital armoury' (p. 124). While sympathetic to Stobiecka's arguments, I remain wary of the academic industry that continues to flourish around Palmyra. Yes, the archaeological adventurism and opportunism of the early 20th century have been refashioned into new forms of international technocratic expertise. But in fetishizing the arch, and indeed its copies, we also risk participating in the same discourses that are being critiqued. More sobering still is that the topics that scholars formulate (and seek to have funded) have simply been recalibrated to the insidious practice of 'crisis chasing' (Cabot 2019). The crisis is about salvage, albeit our own, since what is unfolding in Syria and Iraq has inevitably saved and spawned myriad institutions, foundations, digital start-ups, initiatives and research, with a new mission and moral charge. Perhaps now we should be considering whether we are creating ever more hostages to fortune.

En este artículo se realiza un análisis epistemológico de los componentes teóricos de la arqueología posprocesual a lo largo de su historia. Utilizo el modelo de desarrollo que indica las etapas que poseen las teorías  científicas. El análisis describe que la inconsistencia entre estos componentes ha conducido a la arqueología posprocesual a una situación
de crisis.
This article provides an epistemological analysis of the theoretical components of post-processual archaeology throughout its history. I use the development model that indicates the stages of scientific theories. The analysis describes that the inconsistency between these components has led to post-processual archaeology into a crisis situation.

Atatürk’ün tarihe ve arkeolojiye ilgisinde ve desteğinde motivasyonu politik nedenler miydi, Anadolu’nun kültürel  ve tarihî zenginliklerinin ortaya çıkarılarak millete ve devlete katkı sağlaması mıydı  yoksa salt merakla harmanlanan bir bilim  aşkı mıydı ya da bunların tümü müydü?  Bu soruya cevap bulabilmek için ülkemizde eksikliğini hissettiğimiz “karşılaştırmalı  tarih” anlayışı doğrultusunda onu, kendi  döneminin öne çıkan liderleri ve bu liderlerin arkeolojiye bakış açıları doğrultusunda karşılaştırmak gerekmektedir.

El ensayo se articula en tres partes. En la primera se hace un esbozo crítico sobre las corrientes teóricas actualmente de moda en arqueología. En la segunda -la central del trabajo- se reflexiona sobre cómo en la arqueología darwiniana anglosajona se dan determinadas circunstancias evolutivas que han conducido a su fragmentación, y cómo los investigadores de países hispanohablantes parten de una realidad sociocultural distinta que permitiría avanzar hacia un paradigma unificado mucho más fértil. En tercer y último lugar se habla sobre la necesidad de abrirse a potentes reflexiones que proceden del materialismo filosófico, como por ejemplo las que giran en torno a los conceptos de cultura y materia, y que permiten concluir que todas las manifestaciones culturales son materiales, independientemente de su grado de corporeidad.