Material Culture Studies

This thesis analyses the social relationships of a group of northern Hai || om, who also call themselves =j=Akhoe, in the Oshikoto region of Namibia. The Hai ||om are a Khoisan-speaking group, labelled "Bushmen" or "San" by outsiders, who were dispossessed of their land during the colonial period. Today most Hai || om combine hunting, gathering, agriculture, handicrafts, wage labour, and cattle-keeping in a mixed economy. The Hai || om changing economy has elements of an immediate-retum strategy aimed at gaining access to the delayed-retum economies of neighbouring groups, particularly Owambo-speaking agropastoralists, and farmers of European origin. Based on long-term participant observation with the Hai || om, this thesis shows the flexibility and versatility of Hai || om social organization and its institutions. Particular reference is made to the ways in which social categories are established on the basis of material transactions (sharing, giftgiving, bartering and commercial exchange), and are grounded in shared classifications of land and its resources. The thesis documents and analyses how Hai || om construct and maintain social relations, including relations with outsiders, in everyday social interaction. Patterns of Hai || om social practice involving these social relations emerge in language pragmatics, in the usage of space, and in ritual activities. The thesis also includes an analysis of representations of ethnic identity and economic difference in Hai||om folklore. The investigation shows that Hai || om social relationships and social values continue to shape the diversity and overall flexibility that characterize Hai || om life today. Although Hai || om have little power to influence the conditions imposed on them by national and international contexts, Hai || om social strategies across changing conditions can be explained on the basis of a set of instituted social practices centred around open accessibility and informal common ground. The material presented in this thesis was collected during a total of twentythree months of field research in the years 1990-1994 with the Hai||om in Namibia. The core area of my research was the Oshikoto region (formally part of the Tsumeb district and Owamboland) in the central north of Namibia where Hai || om also refer to themselves as 4=Akhoe.

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As a city within a federal district, Washington, D.C. defies easy description, partially because “Washington” and “D.C.” are, cognitively, two distinct places. I explore the question of D.C.’s identity within the domineering presence of the federal government through its tangible heritage. After a literature review, I follow with a framework of D.C.’s political geography and the complexities and uncertainties of its identity. Next is a four-part case study of distinct D.C. identity markers, examining its low skyline and resultant cultural landscape, an exploration of the D.C. War Memorial on the National Mall, the D.C. flag and its symbolic importance, and the stone boundary markers that demarcate and define D.C. Despite the dominance of the state in D.C.’s everyday realities, Washingtonians manage to work within this marked federal-local tension. I argue that D.C.’s political geography is the principal factor in defining and understanding it as a place. To cope with their ambiguous status, Washingtonians exhibit and maintain identity markers in the landscape to help establish a heritage and identity for the District that they would otherwise not have. Further, I contend that scholars should devote due attention to the geographical context of federal districts to appreciate these atypical geographies.

Binding books “in the Greek manner” (“alla greca”, but also “al greco”, “alla grechessa”), imitating and replicating Byzantine techniques, was one of the practices associated with “Greekness” in Italy and other parts of western Europe in the early modern era. This book analyses the trends, patterns, and contexts associated with making Greek-style bindings in early modern Venice and elsewhere in western Europe between the 1450s and the end of the sixteenth century. It considers how techniques evolved over time as well as production and consumption practices: what kinds of manuscripts and printed books received Greek-style bindings, who made them, who collected them, and what meanings the bindings themselves conveyed. Coming into fashion at a time of major changes (coinciding with the fall of Constantinople, the Greek diaspora, and the coming of printing), in western Europe Greek-style bindings at times signified antiquarianism, exoticism, luxury, or a proximity to Greek culture. Through the analysis of several hundred specimens in the style and of documentary and visual sources, this book explores how a specific instance of material culture served a number of purposes and self-fashioning strategies for bibliophiles, collectors, and intermediaries alike within the context of Renaissance cultures; it also features a census of all known bindings in the style made in western Europe.

The concepts of what a toy is and what play as a phenomenon represents, evolve. This paper examines how play is affected by digital toys and toy robotics, conceptualized here as play machines. The position paper offers pluralistic perspectives on play machines in an era heading towards a post-digital state by combining earlier research on the historical trajectory of mobile toys with current developments in interactive toys. The paper reconceptualizes toys as interactive media connecting with thingness, transmedia, and technology as perspectives on the toy medium. Finally, the paper illustrates the connections between an emerging category of toys, Internet-connected character toys, and companion robotics, which in speculative toy fiction emerge as future 'toy friends' or Artificial Friends, offering enriched possibilities for motion and emotion in player engagement.

International audienceThis paper challenges the readers to rethink adult toy play by demonstrating evidence for the rich and multifaceted nature of contemporary adult toy play cultures. It is based on a ten-year period of extensive research among mature toy players and illustrates the necessity of a shift in thinking about the user-groups of toys. The paper as a think piece bases on long-term, rigorous research, and argues for the need to acknowledge adult toy play as an important and growing area of contemporary toy cultures. It summarizes the work of a toy researcher interested in adult toy relations (conducted between years 2008-2018) and has a two-way agenda: By turning to cultural phenomena related to ludification and toyification of culture, it functions both as a cultural analysis of the ludic Zeitgeist, as well as a mapping of what has been learned about adult play in contemporary toy cultures so far. The case studies featured in this paper have been grounded in multiple rea...

Toys both guide and foster the play—and stimulate the imaginations—of players of all ages. The authors investigate adult use of toys as a point of entry to the world play of both transmedia-connected and stand alone toy characters—dolls, action figures, and soft toys. They point to how adult toy players engage actively in world building in their world play and suggest that play better describes the object relations of adults with toys than such notions as collecting or pursuing a hobby. They discuss how adults use world playing with toys to develop toy industry back stories and replay—and sometimes revolutionize—original story lines familiar from popular fiction. And they highlight how mature audiences for character toys employ these physical objects to explore their capacity for imaginative, spatial, and hybrid world play.

In the era of the ludic turn the cultures of play are in convergence. Although the traditional toy industry is faced with challenges relating to the digitalization and dematerialization of play culture, physical toys are surviving due to unique tactile and manipulable qualities that still cannot be substituted by digital or even hybrid playthings. Contemporary toy characters such as those of My Little Pony (MLP) are given narratives in the form of backstories as represented in products of toy design, toy marketing and licensed toy-related merchandise. In play, these narratives are challenged, creatively cultivated, and finally circulated through social media platforms. Ponies are used in various play activities such as collecting, customizing and creating visual and animated stories, including play patterns such as toy tourism, photoplay and other forms of transmedia-inspired play. Research demonstrates that personalized play content and the documenting and sharing of such practices...

The study of whole-genome ancient DNA has enhanced our appreciation of the extent of human mobility in the Neolithic. Unfortunately, this has sometimes come at the cost of a return to culturehistoric narratives of 'massive migrations' and abrupt cultural change. Equally, material culture is sometimes still understood as passively reflecting changes of population. In the case of Britain, interactions between Neolithic migrants and indigenous hunter-gatherers may have been more complex and intricate than models of 'population replacement' allow, and artefacts and architecture may have played an active role in the establishment of new communities composed of individuals drawn from different point of origin.

Esta investigación estudia los inventarios de bienes insertos en el libro de fábrica de la parroquia indígena de Andamarca, Bolivia (1779-1844). La fuente exhibe una interdependencia entre el inventario como género documental y la contabilidad parroquial, que permite analizar formas de representación y autorrepresentación, así como también los nexos entre cultura material y sociedad. El acercamiento metodológico desde la historia de la cultura material vincula la microhistoria de una parroquia indígena con contextos de alcance regional y virreinal, observando las estructuras sociales que los objetos contribuyen a configurar. El análisis particular de la gestión de un sacristán da cuenta de la desconfianza que la Iglesia podía tener en quienes ejercían el oficio, mientras que un ejercicio paralelo referido a un maestro cantor permite rastrear su trayectoria en el oficio a lo largo de cuarenta años, vinculando las prácticas musicales parroquiales con los espacios y objetos que las potenciaron.
El artículo forma parte del Dossier "Constelaciones Materiales: los inventarios en la cultura material iberoamericana (siglos XIV al XIX)", coordinado por Ana Plaza Roig y Victoria Rodríguez do Campo.

In this paper we offer glimpses of the way some teachers may work creatively within the constraints of our South African education system.There are many studies that focus on issues such as teacher attrition, low morale, work load, job security, and teacher migration, all suggesting something of the dire straits in which education is located in the postapartheid era (Hall, Altman, Nkomo, Peltzer and Zuma, 2005; Ramrathan, 2002; Singh, 2001; Manik, 2005; Hayward, 2002). Against these negative impressions, we wish to present counter-narratives of teacher success, resistance and inventiveness, exploring teachersi?½ lives and their narratives through the theme of home. The theme of home [and homelessness] has been an important one in post-colonial experience, and a variety of genre of writings have shown how dislocation and unhomeliness [unheimlich], and the attendant i?½dis-easei?½ that results, are experienced, managed and contested. We begin the paper by providing a brief theoretical...

This paper considers shipwrecks as a form of disaster and studies historical shipwreck accounts to gain insights into social constructions of disaster. Theoretical debates address global inequalities in disaster experience, response, and research, and notably identify the concept of risk as a key to understanding social constructions of disaster. We analyze shipwrecks, a recurring but diverse risk, as a series of material and psychological stages that allow us to explore three facets of the social construction of shipwrecks. In the sixteenth century, Labrador whaling outfitters left shipwreck accounts that reveal how they converted the systemic risk of winter weather into an insurable natural hazard. In the seventeenth century, transatlantic fishermen blamed summer storms for their shipwreck losses, but also took responsibility as professionals for risk management and workplace security. In the eighteenth century, passengers' accounts begin from an etic (observer) perspective and, at a certain stage of the shipwreck, shift to an emic (participant) perspective, enabling them to convert their experience into cultural capital within the emerging middle class. These facets of shipwreck accounts hold analogies for critical disaster studies, by revealing the role of social position in the perception, calculation, and cultural commodification of risk.

Among Tibetan Materialities makes an intervention into Tibetan studies by critically engaging with material culture. It opens up new sources, methodologies and frameworks for studying, thinking and writing about material culture, materials and materiality in Tibet and the Himalayas. It highlights novel ways that Tibetan and Himalayan worlds can be made relevant beyond their local contexts. Spanning historical and contemporary contexts this collection of ongoing research disrupts current approaches to Tibetan and Himalayan materiality by considering socially constructed materiality and the materials constituting things, from their conception and production to their end of life and afterlife.

William M. Newton was Britain’s foremost expert on what he believed were the world’s oldest artworks: ‘Figure Stones’. Figure Stones – as Newton and others defined them - were lumps of flint naturally resembling birds, beasts and human body parts. Such accidents of nature were, he suggested, already seen as magical by early humans. Their primitive finders, the theory went, ‘animated’ them by applying simple scrapes and chips to turn them into sculptures.

This chapter proposes that ethnographic drawings in the form of technical illustrations can serve an important communicative function in material culture studies. Using examples of illustrations of clothing that I produced as part of an ethnographic study of a community Buddhist festival in Bhutan, it demonstrates the productive potential of using technical illustrations as a counterpart to text. The chapter is framed around the concept of visual literacy, defined as the human capacity acquired through socialization in specific cultural contexts to make sense of or ‘read’ the visual environment by seeing and interpreting it. I show how technical illustrations not only have the potential to reproduce emic visual literacy, but can also be designed to break down the layers of visual knowledge and meaning contained in items of material culture and communicate them to visually non-literate readers.

Edited by Emma Martin, Trine Brox and Diana Lange, the book 'Among Tibetan Materialities' makes an intervention into Tibetan studies by critically engaging with material culture. It opens up new sources, methodologies and frameworks for studying, thinking and writing about material culture, materials and materiality in Tibet and the Himalayas. It highlights novel ways that Tibetan and Himalayan worlds can be made relevant beyond their local contexts. Spanning historical and contemporary contexts this collection of ongoing research disrupts current approaches to Tibetan and Himalayan materiality by considering socially constructed materiality and the materials constituting things, from their conception and production to their end of life and afterlife.

The conventional image of the religious landscape of early modern Europe
is characterised by the master narrative of the Reformation developing into
Lutheranism and Calvinism and the Tridentine Counter-Reformation. In
contrast, this chapter emphasises the pluralistic reality of religious situations across early modern Europe, leading to a more diverse picture that pays attention to Judaism, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and factions within Protestantism as well as Catholicism.

Throughout the twentieth century, electricity supply, transmission and consumption in Switzerland have been profoundly in(uenced by and have, in turn, shaped new architectural designs, urban developments and infrastructural systems. The generation and utilisation of hydropower have assumed a pivotal role, owing to Switzerland's unique topographical and hydrological features, particularly the Alps, which function as signi)cant regulators of weather and local climate. Historically, the Swiss confederation, encompassing both communities and corporations has adeptly capitalised on this geographic advantage to create production conditions, particularly within the cement and machine industry, thereby facilitating their expansion in ways that surpass those of neighbouring countries. This transition towards hydropower, which embodies a sociotechnical transformation, should be understood within the context of a diverse energy portfolio that initially included coal, followed by various fossil fuels and nuclear power. The intricate relationship between energy and landscape highlights the relevance of geographical concepts such as territoriality in comprehending the complexities of Switzerland's energy landscape. It is particularly striking that energy is not addressed with any signi)cance in 'The Land as Palimpsest', a seminal text in Swiss landscape theory by André Corboz and)rst published in 1983. At that time, Corboz was a professor of the history of urban design at the ETH Zurich. He conceptualised land and territory as extending beyond conventional notions of untouched nature and regarded landscape, in relation to the transformation of the earth into territory, as a superimposed, palimpsestic attribution of meaning. After presenting de)nitions from legal and developmental perspectives, and emphasising scienti)c and humanistic dimensions, Corboz ultimately proposed a new de)nition rooted in the observation that Switzerland is entirely urbanised. This perspective does not necessitate the elimination of the contrast between urban and rural settings but instead highlights the relationship between the metropolis and its hinterland. Despite his critique of mapping and the subsequent rei)cation of land, the text concluded on an optimistic note, remaining open-ended in its implications. If energy-encompassing its production, distribution and consumption-has historically occurred at various scales and has been shaped and mediated through the landscape, within the framework of municipal, cantonal or state governance as well as through privatisation, what would be required to supplement Corboz's work with a chapter dedicated to the Swiss energy landscape? How can the geography of energy transition, past and present-speci)cally regarding the engineering and operationalisation of energy sources such as hydropower-along with its spatial dimensions across multiple scales, contribute to the broader initiative of sustaining energy futures while reducing carbon emissions formulated in Switzerland as 'Energieperspektiven 2050+'? How does this relate to the demand for and promotion of a transition in the way we build? Furthermore, what would a progressive approach to energy landscapes resemble from the perspective of energy humanities? This perspective would advocate for energy infrastructures, regimes and systems of the future to be designed as participatory, equitable and sustainable. In the context of climate emergency, a geographical and economic perspective is essential for understanding the implication of reworking of existing forms, structures and spatial organisations toward the development of low-emission energy landscapes. This exploration encompasses both the physical reality of these landscapes and the individual perception of them. From a cultural and environmental standpoint, fossil fuels have faced critical scrutiny not only for their role in transforming production, trade, consumption and warfare on a global scale, but also for their signi)cant in(uence on the politics of economy, within the framework of colonialisation and globalisation. Historically, renewables have provided alternatives; however, they have also mirrored colonial, destructive and extractive practices. For instance, hydroelectric dams have dis)gured rivers and infringed upon indigenous territories, wind parks have impacted food habitats and migratory routes and solar farms have depended on critical minerals, that often come with signi)cant environmental and social costs. Consequently, future energy landscapes must be designed to avoid perpetuating patterns of exploitation and neo-colonialism.

This paper aims to investigate the prevalence of Portuguese tin-glazed wares within the archaeological excavations of early modern Gothenburg dated rough (1630-1700). Since 2015, a conspicuous abundance of Portuguese tin-glazed ceramics has been discerned within the archaeological assemblages of the city, a phenomenon not replicated in other urban centers across Sweden. This study elucidates this material manifestation's typological, chronological, and contextual dimensions, discussing  the complex socio-economic, cultural, and symbolic implications inherent in its presence.
The research considers the economic ramifications of the influx of Portuguese tin-glazed wares, considering their role in trade networks, consumption patterns, and market dynamics during the early modern period. Furthermore, it examines the social dimensions by exploring how these artefacts reflect and potentially influenced social stratification, identity construction, and domestic practices within Gothenburg society. Also, it proposes plausible explanations for the emergence and sustenance of the Portuguese connection evident in the archaeological record of the city, thereby contributing to a deeper comprehension of transnational exchanges and cultural entanglements in the early modern European context.

In the Middle Ages, people expressed their social differences, positions and roles as well as religious affinities in various ways. One of them was the use of seals, and the present article analyses four recent finds of medieval seal matrices from Finland. Three belong to priests, and based on the use of heraldry, one to a member of the nobility. In terms of materials, one is of silver and the rest bronze alloys. As objects of identity performance, medieval matrices, archival sources permitting, can open large vistas on the genealogical networks of medieval society as well as individuality in medieval culture.

Istria's name is but one – albeit the most significant – inherited element of its Iron Age heritage, and stands as an expression of its identity. A small part of this distant history is showcased at this exhibition, which has opened to us yet another magical route through which to tour the land of the Histri and their heroic past. This exhibition, with the symbolic title The Heroic Age of the Histri, picks up on Kristina Mihovilić's work in creating the remarkable The Histri in Istria exhibition, staged in Pula in 2013, which aimed to underscore the indelible legacy of the millennial Histrian presence in Istria. Continuing on this work, this exhibition addresses the importance of presenting the Histrian culture outside of Istria and Croatia as a whole, nurturing and promoting our understanding of the millennial Histrian legacy.

Recent archaeological excavations in the church of Sant'Avendrace in Cagliari have brought to light a building from the Roman age, that it seems interpretable as a sanctuary due to the architectural features and many finds, easily identifiable as ex voto, like terracotta plaquettes, miniature vases and some moulds. In this issue are presented some preliminary about the original shape of that moulds.

U tekstu se propituju mnoga etička pitanja u različitim etnološkim djelatnostima – znanstveno-istraživačkoj, muzejskoj, konzervatorskoj, arhivskoj, snimateljskoj, spisateljskoj. U hrvatskoj etnologiji to je još uvijek nedovoljno zastupljen okvir promišljanja našega rada. Kakva je specifičnost etike u etnologiji i treba li uspostaviti etnološki etički kodeks neka su od otvorenih pitanja za raspravu. Uvodni tekst Tvrtka Zebeca komentiraju etnolozi Ljubica Gligorević, Sanja Potkonjak, Žarko Španiček, Luka Šešo, Jelka Vince Pallua i Željka Jelavić.This year Croatian Ethnological Society celebrates its 50th anniversary. The annual conference titled “Traditions and tendencies in Croatian ethnology: ethnology as an engaged and ethical science” (June 4-5, 2009) hosted the discussion we are publishing. The introductory article questions many ethical issues in different ethnological activities: concerning science and research, museums, conservation, archives, recording, representation, writin...

The centenary of his death provides an opportunity to re-examine parts of the collection of archaeological objects collected from all over Ireland by Robert Day. This paper examines the nature and extent of his Bronze Age and Iron Age gold and silver objects. Some new insights on provenance are given. The dispersal of the collection after the 1913 auction is discussed and objects are traced to their present locations where possible.

By addressing imported fine wares spanning the period of the 4th c. B.C. - 1st c. A.D. and focusing on the area of the north-eastern Adriatic (Kvarner Gulf, Croatia) the paper aims to examine how local agency formulated demand and defined local uses of foreign ceramic objects. To do so, all available data stemming from both settlement and necropolises contexts has been considered, in an attempt to define and compare appropriation practices between several communities over time. Further contextualisation with data from amphorae analyses and the much better studied metal finds, led to the emergence of a more nuanced picture, one that sees the communities of the region constantly adapting their consumption practices and exchange networks by integrating different equifunctional objects into their respective material culture repertoires. It is thus proposed that the dynamism of local agency supported by multi-directional interactions and facilitated by the region’s geographical settings, led to the formation of social relationship which were highly dependent on mobility and exchange, and are reflected in the ever-evolving local ways of engaging with the acquired goods.

André Leroi-Gourhan is undoubtedly one of the most acclaimed figures of twentieth century anthropology and archaeology.
In France, his intellectual importance rivals that of Claude Lévi-Strauss, yet Leroi-Gourhan’s major contributions are almost entirely unknown in the Anglophone world. This collection seeks to change that. This selection highlights some of his chief influences, such as elaborating a theory
of technology, which argues that material culture focuses on the object in use and how use is a dynamic feature that has specific consequences for human evolution and human society.
With serious ramifications for our understanding of material culture,
putting Leroi-Gourhan’s thinking about technology into English will have an
immediate and transformative impact on material culture studies.

Edited and introduced by Nathan Schlanger
Translated by Nils F. Schott
Published by Bard Graduate Center, New York City / HAU Books
(Distributed by the University of Chicago Press).

Abumalham, opina el autor, presenta un complejo y persuasivo discurso contra-orientalista a través de la "reanimación" de la mitológica protagonista de Las mil y una noches. En el capítulo 3, Ellison ofrece al lector un análisis sobre la literatura de viajes, con especial atención a las figuras del turista, el nómada y el migrante. En este capítulo encontramos un análisis de El médico de Ifni (2005) de Javier Reverte, Los ojos del Tuareg (2003) de Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa y El diablo de Yudis (1994) de Ahmed Daoudi. En palabras del autor, las novelas de Reverte y Vázquez-Figueroa desestabilizan la visión eurocéntrica de los autores del siglo pasado, colocando a protagonistas aventureros que no imponen ningún tipo de superioridad moral con respecto al otrosaharaui/tuareg. El análisis más rico de este capítulo es el de El diablo de Yudis, texto en el que Daoudi explota el género del halqa (cuentacuentos) y logra plasmar y diagnosticar con éxito las preocupaciones y los problemas sociales del entorno en el que se mueve: desempleo, éxodo rural, emigración clandestina, injusticias y otras llagas sociales. En conclusión, Africa in the Contemporary Spanish Novel, 1990-2010 cumple con el objetivo delineado por el autor desde un principio: estudiar a través de muy diversos autores la presencia del discurso orientalista en la literatura hispana escrita por autores peninsulares y africanos. Ellison concluye que las pautas orientalistas articuladas por Edward Said en 1978 han ido mermando en la narrativa en español sobre África. Mi impresión personal es que este libro debería ser consultado por todos aquellos investigadores de la literatura peninsular contemporánea y, especialmente, por la gran cantidad de críticos literarios que se han lanzado a estudiar las huellas coloniales de la nación ibérica en África.

Spirituality relates to an internal movement towards the sacred, while kinesiology is the science of physical human movement. Strong, user-friendly communication between spiritual directors and retreatants is important to the development of an individualized productive retreat experience. To better facilitate guidance, it is helpful for directors to understand the parallels between spiritual exercises and the expertise of retreatants and for retreatants to understand comparisons between their professional and spiritual lives. The physical activity of St. Ignatius during his pilgrimage across Spain exemplifies the similarities between Ignatian spirituality and the science of human movement. Comparisons between Ignatian spirituality and kinesiology include the need for practice of specific exercises, the underlying structure of the Ignatian spiritual exercises compared to a periodized physical exercise program, and the discernment or analysis of movements involved in both fields. Knowledge of the overlap between kinesiology and spirituality may result in retreatants familiar with the science of human movement and exercise developing a better understanding of their spiritual selves and ultimately a closer relationship to God.

Family-built, owned, and operated fruit stands sprouted up along the major roads of British Columbia’s southern Interior in the early 1950s, when “farm-gate” sales were the only way to sell fruit outside the province’s co-operative marketing system. Early fruit stands were often no more than crates of produce displayed at the point where orchard met road, but over time some became central to their owners’ orchard operations and were further enlarged and improved. Using two of BC’s longest-running fruit stand operations as case studies, this article traces the emergence, evolution, and persistence of this familiar yet oft-overlooked form of vernacular commercial and agricultural architecture, which has been a signature feature of the region’s landscape for more than half a century.

A imigração luso-brasileira teve um peso decisivo na vida económica, social e cultural do Rio da Prata, durante o período colonial. No domínio artístico, a ourivesaria, a par do mobiliário e da escultura, atesta de forma clara a especificidade do contributo português, determinante na formação de inúmeras gerações de artífices rioplatenses, e que teve as suas consequências ao nível do gosto, adquirindo aspetos estilísticos muito próprios. A cidade da Santíssima Trindade e Porto de Santa Maria de Buenos Aires foi, durante os séculos XVII e XVIII, uma plataforma comercial de primordial importância, visto ser o único ponto de conexão dos territórios espanhóis com a Europa pela via atlântica. Buenos Aires era, acima de tudo, uma cidade portuária. Dessa abertura ao rio advém algumas das suas características mais determinantes: culturalmente eclética, a cidade tornar-se-á o ponto de penetração de influências, técnicas e modelos europeus. No domínio da ourivesaria, esse ecletismo levou a que a produção da região de Buenos Aires fosse claramente distinta da de outros territórios da América espanhola. Para tal terá contribuído a importação de peças provenientes de Espanha, atestada através de vários documentos em que funcionários da Coroa espanhola requerem autorização para trazer joias e prataria, importação esta que no século XIX se estende a outros países europeus, entre os quais Portugal. Mas mais determinante foi, sem dúvida, a presença em Buenos Aires de ourives vindos de Espanha, Portugal, França, Itália, Inglaterra, e ainda de vários territórios americanos. A estatística elaborada pelos professores Ribera e Schenone com base nos censos, padrões e documentação de vária ordem, permite verificar que dos 97 ourives europeus já identificados que trabalharam na região de Buenos Aires, 43 são espanhóis e 44 são portugueses, aos quais há a juntar mais 7 brasileiros 1 . Datam do início do século XVII as primeiras notícias da chegada de ourives lusitanos, sendo muitos os que declaram ter entrado ilegalmente em Buenos Aires. Visto que as autoridades espanholas exerciam uma vigilância aturada, os ourives imigrados clandestinamente e que desejavam fixar-se na região procuraram adquirir a condição de vizinhos e tirar partido dos privilégios daí brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Does a foreign name or word for some cultural item automatically indicate a foreign origin for that cultural item itself? The answer cannot be a direct "yes" or "no". In every case, the answer can be different. Only an honest non-agenda-based approach is wanted.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Texte behandelt, deren 3D-Aufnahmen aufgrund der Pandemie in den Jahren 2020-2022 erst verspätet durchgeführt werden konnten. Mit Ausnahme der Schultexte und anderer Tafeln aus dem gleichen Areal ist damit die Veröffentlichung sämtlicher Texte aus den Grabungen zwischen 2005 und 2012 abgeschlossen. Der Inhalt der Tafeln entspricht weitgehend den bereits in Elamica 12 und 13 editierten administrativen Urkunden. Notiert werden entsprechend vor allem (Streit-)Wagen ( GIŠ(+) GIGIR/GÍGIR) und die dazugehörige Ausrüstung bzw. Bauteile, die in einigen Fällen immer noch nicht lexikalisch zu erschließen sind. Aus dem Text KHT 114 erfahren wir erstmals von einer Eigenbezeichnung dieser zahlreich bezeugten listenartigen Aufzeichnungen als miḫru. Unter den Auflistungen von Waffen, die mehrheitlich wieder Bögen ( (GIŠ) PAN) und die dazugehörigen Köcher (MAR) nennen, ist bemerkenswert, dass sich nun Pfeile nicht nur in der üblichen syllabischen Schreibung šiltāhu bzw. logographisch GI wiederfinden, sondern mit KHT 98 auch der unbekannte Terminus KAL-du eindeutig als eine gesonderte Art von Pfeilen zu identifizieren ist. Für alle weiteren Lexeme sei an dieser Stelle auf das Glossar im Anhang der vorliegenden Textbearbeitung verwiesen. Erstmals in den Texten aus Areal I lässt sich nun mit KHT 153 auch die geographische Bezeichnung Ḫaligalbat nachweisen. KHT 414 gibt einen weiteren Sohn eines Königs mit dem Namen Tan-Kammeš preis. Die Lesung der Personennamen in diesem Beitrag folgt der Studie von Richter 2023. Thomas Richter wird auch die Bearbeitung der verbleibenden Personennamen übernehmen. Gita Nikkhah Bahrami von der Universität Tübingen danken wir für die Überlassung ihrer im Druck befindlichen Dissertation.

The post-war material culture of Kinmen, a former military outpost in Taiwan, reveals a biography moving from conflict to hope for rapprochement, from matériel to militaria to souvenir. By experimenting with the concept of sensuous materialism, this article looks at touristic things from and of the battlefield past and explores how, through their materialities, things interact with people’s senses and shape their understandings of cross-strait relations. Far from being inert, these things are full of life and energy in their ability to animate the object–human relationship. Social memories are enacted through specific material affordances with the senses. Those memories are sensuous, emotional and affective as well as political and historic. Examining the making, staging and consumption of touristic things and how their commemorative materialities interact with and shape people’s consciousness of past histories, present happenings and future dreams helps us gain a more nuanced under...

Esta obra "Kit Educativo Africano e Afro-brasileiro" reúne diferentes textos que buscam subsidiar o trabalho de profissionais da educação no uso de recursos pedagógicos em sala de aula. Ela foi desenvolvida ao longo de dois anos de trabalho, em um processo colaborativo entre várias pessoas e instituições, como o terreiro Inzo Tumbansi, o Museu Afro Brasil Emanoel Araújo e o Núcleo de Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais (NEER), da Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Cidade de São Paulo. Os textos contribuem para uma educação antirracista e centrada nas materialidades africanas e afro-brasileiras. Quem tem direito ao toque do acervo musealizado no país? O Educativo do MAE-USP, desde longa data, tem promovido ações com enfoque na democratização do patrimônio musealizado.

Flame cleaning followed by wire brushing is a common treatment for wrought iron; the flame combusts existing coatings and spalls oxides while wire brushing removes any debris, producing a sound surface for recoating. Although frequently applied, little is known about the effects of the treatment on the substrate material and its post-treatment corrosion rate. This study reports scanning electron microscope backscattered electron imaging (SEM-BEI) and oxygen consumption corrosion rate testing of wrought iron flame cleaned by three practitioners. Wrought iron samples treated by two practitioners corrode up to 4 times faster than uncleaned control samples. Samples cleaned by one practitioner exhibit no increase in corrosion rate. Torch fuel type and temperature attained by the iron are identified as parameters potentially contributing to differences in corrosion rates. Comparing oxide morphology of treated and untreated samples reveals extensive cracking and fragmentation following fla...

Glass has been utilized throughout history across a diverse range of fields, including the medical and beauty industries, burial rituals, lighting instruments, architecture, and tableware. Its applications encompass various purposes, forms, types, and decorative styles. Glass artifacts, produced using various techniques since their inception, have gained widespread prominence, particularly following the discovery of the free-blowing method. This technique has established glass as a dominant material across all previously mentioned sectors. In certain instances, the identification of the functional areas of these objects is relatively straightforward. This can be attributed to the fact that familiar forms adhere to established traditions and have been designed and manufactured consistently over an extended period, thereby fulfilling the same functional role. However, certain examples identified during archaeological excavations or recorded in collections present atypical forms. It is challenging to ascertain the function and period of certain artifacts that cannot be contextualized, particularly as they are not derived from archaeological excavations and thus remain subject to interpretation. The case of the Kastamonu Museum, as discussed in this study, is a notable example that deserves interpretation alongside other similar, though rare, instances. In addition to presenting a rare artifact to the archaeological community, the application of 'experimental archaeology' to support our interpretations of the artifact underscores the significance of this study.