Psychology

This study examined the influence of social media use on the psychological well-being of adolescents in West Java, Indonesia, in the digital age. In order to gather thorough data, a mixed methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. A quantitative study found that teenagers who used social media more often had worse self-esteem, more negative body image, higher levels of sadness, and higher levels of anxiety. The detrimental effects of social comparison, cyberbullying, and pressure to uphold a well-crafted online image were underlined by qualitative studies. The synthesis of the results offers a sophisticated picture of the intricate connection between teenage social media use and psychological health. The findings of this study have practical and theoretical ramifications, highlighting the necessity of focused treatments and tactics to advance favorable mental health outcomes in the setting of social media use.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar procedimentos e atitudes de crianças do Ensino Fundamental I ao jogarem e resolverem situações-problema, num contexto que promove desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, durante o primeiro semestre do programa de intervenção com oficinas de jogos do Laboratório de Estudos sobre Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem (LEDA) no Instituto de Psicologia da USP. A pesquisa buscou saber como as crianças chegam ao LEDA quanto ao modo de enfrentar desafios, assim como identificar as atitudes e mudanças de procedimentos ao longo do semestre. O método consistiu na coleta e análise de informações sobre dez crianças a partir da aplicação de dois protocolos de registro (sobre o jogar e as atitudes). Os resultados mostraram que: (1) as crianças se diferenciam inicialmente quanto aos recursos que mobilizam e as necessidades manifestadas; (2) a principal característica do primeiro semestre são as oscilações em procedimentos e atitudes, devidas às intervenções que geram desequilíbrios cognitivos e afetivos, com consequente autorregulação das crianças. Pode-se concluir que o primeiro semestre do programa ao promover desequilíbrios, favoreceu a tomada de consciência das dificuldades e a mobilização de recursos para enfrentá-las, expressados pelas oscilações no jogar e nas dimensões atitudinais relativas a tempo e convivência. Análises referentes aos outros dois semestres do programa de intervenção poderão trazer novos esclarecimentos sobre os benefícios ao desenvolvimento e à aprendizagem dos participantes, bem como poderão fortalecer as discussões ora realizadas. Palavras-chave: intervenção com jogos, crianças, desenvolvimento.

Although, historically, the norepinephrine system has attracted the majority of attention in the study of the stress response, the dopamine system has also been consistently implicated. It has long been established that stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the stress response and its effect in psychiatric diseases are not well understood. The dopamine system can play distinct roles in stress and psychiatric disorders. It is hypothesized that, even though the dopamine (DA) system forms the basis for a number of psychiatric disorders, the pathology is likely to originate in the afferent structures that are inducing dysregulation of the DA system. This review explores the current knowledge of afferent modulation of the stress/DA circuitry, and presents recent data focusing on the effect of stress on the DA system and its relevance to psychiatric disorders.

Introduction Schizophrenia is a psychiatric condition in which patient adherence is a key issue in its management. Objectives To estimate the prevalence and determine the factors associated with medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the psychiatry department of the CHU IBN Rochd of Casablanca among schizophrenic patients followed from May 2019 to January 2020. The sample size was calculated apriori and the measurement of therapeutic compliance and Insight (patients' perception of the disorders related to their pathology) was made thanks to the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the Birchwood insight scale (BIS) respectively. Socio-demographic data and data on the management of schizophrenia were also collected. Statistical analyses were performed with RStudio software and the multivariate analysis method of logistic regression was used. The threshold of significance was set at 5%. Results A total of 3...

Zadovoljstvo zaposlenih je ključan faktor za postizanje visokih radnih performansi i efikasnosti pružanja usluga, što direktno doprinosi povećanju produktivnosti organizacije. Za potrebe ovog rada, uz teorijske postulate Teorije samodeterminacije, analiziran je uticaj faktora socijalnog okruženja i bazičnih psiholoških potreba na zadovoljstvo poslom. Uzorak je obuhvatio 150 zaposlenih u hotelima u Republici Srbiji. Prema rezultatima istraživanja, postoji statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između radne klime, odnosno percepcije podrške autonomiji zaposlenih, i ekstrinzičkog i intrinzičkog zadovoljstva, kao i ukupnog zadovoljstva poslom. Sa druge strane, rezultati pokazuju da je generalno zadovoljstvo poslom (kao i zadovoljstvo poslom ekstrinzičnim i intrinzičnim faktorima) u velikoj meri povezano sa stepenom zadovoljenja psiholoških potreba. Sa aspekta vrste i sadržaja posla, utvrđeno je da poslovi koji se po svojoj prirodi razlikuju u pogledu složenosti, koji po svojoj prirodi podrazumevaju slobodu izbora i kreativnost u obavljanju zadataka, daju više mogućnosti za zadovoljenje bazičnih psiholoških potreba i zadovoljstvo poslom. Očekuje se da će rezultati ovog istraživanja doprineti boljim poslovnim praksama upravljanja ljudskim resursima u hotelijerstvu gde su zaposleni ključ uspeha.

espanolEn el presente articulo se realiza una revision historica de las teorias psicodinamicas que han intentado explicar a lo largo de los ultimos dos siglos el origen y formacion de los trastornos de ansiedad, comenzando desde 1894 cuando Freud, primer mentor de la conceptualizacion de la formacion de la ansiedad, describio la neurosis de angustia, confiriendola como una entidad propia e independiente, hasta llegar a los psicoanalistas mas contemporaneos que sugieren en sus teorias la distinta naturaleza etiopatogenica de la ansiedad EnglishIn the present article a historical revision of the psychodynamic theories that have tried to explain over the last two centuries the origin and formation of the anxiety disorders, beginning from 1894 when Freud, first mentor of the conceptualization of the formation of anxiety, described the anxiety neurosis, conferring it as a separate and independent entity, reaching the most contemporary psychoanalysts that suggest in their theories the dif...

In terms of the media, there are various means of influencing the audience by informing and conditioning its attitude or forming its mood. Amongst these means, attention should be paid to scepticism and cynicism, leading to destructive, critical attitude, doubt or denial. Cynicism is the questioning or denial of what is generally accepted or accepted by the majority and some particular group. The text emphasizes the dual possible moral evaluation of cynicism: on the one hand, the justifiability and usefulness of cynicism in one situation, on the other hand, its destructive and misleading effect in another, weakening support for social and moral order. The representation of the unveiling of the monument of Gunārs Astra in the media on 20 January 2022 is analysed here as a case of misleading strategic communication.

Introduction: High mental workload is one of the important factors that results in errors in safety and occupational health scope, and its measurement has high importance. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the validity and reliability of Verbal Online Subjective Opinion (VOSO) and Modified Cooper-Harper (MCH) scales in measuring mental workload. Methods: This study was conducted on 90 male students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, forward-backward translation was used for translation of scales. Moreover, Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were calculated considering the suggestions of 6 ergonomics and occupational health experts. The Hybrid Memory Search Task software was used to create mental workload. Convergent validity of scales was calculated using correlation of scales with reaction time and then test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of scales. Results: Content and convergent validity of scales were confirmed and correlation of both scales with reaction time were higher than 0.8. Moreover, for determination of scales reliabilities, Pearson correlation coefficient between scales values in test and retest trials were 0.86 and 0.91 for VOSO and MCH, respectively. Conclusions: It seems that in regards to confirmation of validity and reliability of VOSO and MCH in this study and their high correlation with reaction time, these scales could be used in measurement of mental workload.

Aim: Socio-education drives the growth and development of contemporary societies. Quality teacher education greatly influenced learning outcomes. The study aimed at exploring how language was employed to call for strategic partnership in the production of quality teachers in a speech by Doctor Dickson Tsey. The study employed qualitative method specifically the critical discourse analysis to analyze Doctor Dickson Tsey's speech. The study found out that frequent use of simple present tense articulated the real issues of quality teacher education during the speech delivery. It was obvious that the speaker identified himself as a stakeholder of quality teacher education due to his frequent use of we/us; pronouns in the speech. Doctor Dickson Tsey's chose and used possessive adjectives such as my, our, your, his and her as modifiers in his speech to describe the ownership of AMECO. Figures of speech such as hyperbole, idiom, repetition and personification were used by Doctor Dickson Tsey to create mental images and sensory impressions for emotional effect and intensity. It was also found out that the speech called for stakeholders' support for quality teachers' education. The roles of strategic partners in providing quality teacher education cannot be underestimated. Stakeholders such as government, the church, traditional leaders, principals of colleges of education, alumni, staff and students were addressed by the speech suggesting that partnership is very crucial for quality teacher education in the 21st Century. The study recommend that Doctor Tsey's speech should be considered by policy planners of education to enable them factor quality teacher education programmes into the country's educational policies. Colleges of educations should incorporate quality teacher education activities into their carriculum to enhace their training. Stakeholders of teacher education should initiate programs to create awareness in the public on the need to support quality teacher education. There should also be unity among the stakehoders and the colleges since a strategic partnership cannot be built in the absence of strong collaboration and togetherness. This study shall serve as a basis for further research in areas that influence learning outcomes such as communityteacher relationship.

Background. It is normal for parents to experience a range of emotions and changes in behaviour while their newborn infant is in the NICU. The stress experienced by these parents during their infant’s hospital stay is found to affect the parent-infant relationship and their ability to bond reciprocally. Several studies have pointed out that support from family and friends can be useful for parents’ mental distress in this situation. Some differences are found between mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of the support. The aim of the current study is to examine parents’ perceived mental distress when their infant is admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and factors important for their support. The relationship between parents perceived mental distress and satisfaction with NICU care are spare researched. Methods. A multicentre prospective cohort study. A total of 568 parental participants from six different NICUs geographically spread throughout Norway. Hospital Anxiety and...

This research was aimed to develop an educational product in a form of comic books carrying character building that were used as the appropriate media for learning An Introduction to Accounting for Grade X students of Vocational High School (VHS), taking the area of expertise in Business and Management. The comic books were developed through a Research and Development (R and D). The procedure of the research adopted the steps of system approach to instructional learning program design by Dick and Carey. This research carried out nine steps of R and D starting from Identifying Instructional Goals to Formative Evaluation. The Formative Evaluation was conducted in expert validation and trials. The subjects of trials were the Grade X students of vocational high school. The data was collected by the use of questioners and interviews. The data were quantitative and qualitative in nature. The quantitative data were resulted from the assessments of the comic books. The qualitative data were in a form of the suggestions or comments to improve the designed product. Both of data were analyzed descriptively. The result of this research showed that the comic books were appropriate to be used as a media for An Introduction to Accounting learning. This is showed by the result of: (1) the validation from the expert in materials with an average score of 4.69 that was categorized as "very good"; (2) the validation from the expert in media with an average score of 4.15 that was categorized as "good"; (3) the validation from the expert in character building with an average score of 4.93 that was categorized as "very good"; (4) the validation from the accounting teachers with an average score of 4.39 that was categorized as "very good"; (5) one-on-one trials with an average score of 4.26 that was categorized as "very good"; (6) small group trials with an average score of 4,22 that was categorized as "very good"; (7) field trials with an average score of 4,22 that was categorized as "very good". In addition, the average value of the students' responses to the comic book as a learning media showed the "very good" category with an average score of 4,25.

Background. It is normal for parents to experience a range of emotions and changes in behaviour while their newborn infant is in the NICU. The stress experienced by these parents during their infant's hospital stay is found to affect the parent-infant relationship and their ability to bond reciprocally. Several studies have pointed out that support from family and friends can be useful for parents' mental distress in this situation. Some differences are found between mothers' and fathers' experiences of the support. The aim of the current study is to examine parents' perceived mental distress when their infant is admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and factors important for their support. The relationship between parents perceived mental distress and satisfaction with NICU care are spare researched. Methods. A multicentre prospective cohort study. A total of 568 parental participants from six different NICUs geographically spread throughout Norway. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-6) were used to collect data. All the responses were rated and analysed using parametric analysis methods, descriptive statistics, logistic regression, factor analyses and linear regression analyses. Results. A total of 275 mothers reported receiving support from family and friends compared with 232 fathers. Younger parents had a higher OR of reporting anxiety compared with that of older parents. Parents with a primary or high school education level showed a higher OR of satisfaction than did parents with a college or university education level. Conclusion. There are differences in mothers' and fathers' responses to their experiences of various distress symptoms related to their children being in the NICU, as well as their received support from family and friends. There are also outcome differences between the age and education level of the parents and their experience of stress in the NICU. Mothers are more distressed and have more anxiety and depression than do fathers have. Trail registration: This project was rst presented to the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics which reported that the project was outside its mandate (2015/386). The project is approved from the Norwegian Data Protection O cials.

Posterior fossa syndrome is characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, oromotor/oculomotor apraxia, emotional lability and mutism in patients after infratentorial injury. The underlying neuroanatomical substrates of posterior fossa syndrome are unknown, but dentatothalamocortical tracts have been implicated. We used pre-and postoperative neuroimaging to investigate proximal dentatothalamocortical tract involvement in childhood embryonal brain tumour patients who developed posterior fossa syndrome following tumour resection. Diagnostic imaging from a cohort of 26 paediatric patients previously operated on for an embryonal brain tumour (13 patients prospectively diagnosed with posterior fossa syndrome, and 13 non-affected patients) were evaluated. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was used to define relevant tumour features, including two potentially predictive measures. Postoperative magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging were used to characterize operative injury and tract-based differences in anisotropy of water diffusion. In patients who developed posterior fossa syndrome, initial tumour resided higher in the 4th ventricle (P = 0.035). Postoperative magnetic resonance signal abnormalities within the superior cerebellar peduncles and midbrain were observed more often in patients with posterior fossa syndrome (P = 0.030 and 0.003, respectively). The fractional anisotropy of water was lower in the bilateral superior cerebellar peduncles, in the bilateral fornices, white matter region proximate to the right angular gyrus (Tailerach coordinates 35, -71, 19) and white matter region proximate to the left superior frontal gyrus (Tailerach coordinates -24, 57, 20). Our findings suggest that multiple bilateral injuries to the proximal dentatothalamocortical pathways may predispose the development of posterior fossa syndrome, that functional disruption of the white matter bundles containing efferent axons within the superior cerebellar peduncles is a critical underlying pathophysiological component of posterior fossa syndrome, and that decreased fractional anisotropy in the fornices and cerebral cortex may be related to the abnormal neurobehavioural symptoms of posterior fossa syndrome.

More effective work with perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) can be built upon a better understanding of how and why they change their behaviour. This article presents a systematic narrative review of female IPV survivor perspectives on the changes brought about by IPV perpetrator programmes. Fourteen databases and web search engines were searched and sixteen articles reporting relevant qualitative findings were identified. Survivors often reported some level of positive change through their partner's engagement with a programme, but the sustainability of this change is unclear and there was also some negative feedback. From the survivors' perspective key barriers to perpetrator change include alcohol dependency, mental health challenges, relationship dynamics and their family of origin. Mechanisms by which perpetrators are held to account, namely survivor validation and judicial measures, were seen as central to the change process. Survivors percieved changes in perpetrator behaviour (the use of conflict interruption techniques and new communication skills) and changes in perpetrators' belief systems (adopting new perspectives).

This review synthesizes recent research on resilience in those who care for a family member with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), identifying the challenges and potential factors moderating resilience. This systematic narrative review is informed by searches on six bibliographic databases between January and June 2016. Forty-one articles were identified to meet the inclusion criteria, and findings were synthesised around three key themes. Those who care for someone with DMD have been described as resilient through building strength in facing the adversity of caring. The main predictors of carer resilience were the child's level of disability, perception of the caring experience and family functioning. The outcomes of resilience were identified as better psychological and physical health as well as psychological adaption. Coping abilities and social support, influenced by individual and environmental factors contribute to resilience. Research suggested that some carers have the ability to build resilience over time, although limited understanding of coping with the emotional experience of DMD is conveyed. Social support appears to be a protective factor for DMD carers but further research is required on its relationship with resilience.

Loneliness is a significant risk to older people's mental health and it is possible that social therapeutic interventions have a key role in reducing this threat to individual well-being. To examine whether this is the case, a literature review, using seven databases, was undertaken using search terms relating to the themes of ageing, loneliness and social support with the objective of attempting to find effective interventions. A total of 17 relevant studies relating to loneliness interventions were analysed. Out of this total, three reporting on new technologies and one on a group work intervention identified significant reductions in loneliness. None of the one to one interventions examined reported a significant impact on loneliness.

Communication about risk is central to decisions in dementia care. This review synthesises research on risk concepts and communication in dementia. Twelve bibliographic databases and one online search engine were searched up to February 2016. Reference lists of two related literature reviews were used. Thirty-four papers were identified that focused on risk concepts; two papers related to risk communication. Concepts were often socially constructed, and perceptions may differ from actual adverse outcomes. Perceptions of risk and thresholds of risk-tolerance varied between individuals with dementia, carers and professionals. Individuals with dementia were found to behave differently from controls when making decisions involving risk information in experimental settings. Cognitive impairment was also associated with lower health numeracy. These findings highlight the importance of communication between stakeholders when making decisions and of presenting information in an appropriate way to support informed and positive risk taking. Research is required on risk communication in dementia.

Adapting tests across cultures is a common practice that has increased in all evaluation areas in recent years. We live in an increasingly multicultural and multilingual world in which the tests are used to support decision-making in the educational, clinical, organizational and other areas, so the adaptation of tests becomes a necessity. The main goal of this paper is to present the second edition of the guidelines of the International Test Commission (ITC) for adapting tests across cultures. A task force of six international experts reviewed the original guidelines proposed by the International Test Commission, taking into account the advances and developments of the field. As a result of the revision this new edition consists of twenty guidelines grouped into six sections: Precondition, test development, confirmation, administration, score scales and interpretation, and document. The different sections are reviewed, and the possible sources of error influencing the tests translat...

This essay introduces our call for an intertwined history-of-emotions/history-ofscience perspective. We argue that the history of science can greatly extend the history of emotions by proffering science qua science as a new resource for the study of emotions. We present and read science, in its multiple diversities and locations, and in its variegated activities, products, theories, and emotions, as constitutive of the norms, experiences, expressions, and regimes of emotions. Reciprocally, we call for a new reading of science in terms of emotions as an analytical category. Assuming emotions are intelligible and culturally learned, we extend the notion of emotion to include a nonintentional and noncausal "emotional style," which is inscribed into (and can reciprocally be generated by) technologies, disease entities, laboratory models, and scientific texts. Ultimately, we argue that emotional styles interrelate with broader emotional cultures and thus can contribute to and/or challenge grand historical narratives. Descartes would have been more nearly right in saying, "I feel, therefore I am." -Ralph W. Gerard, 1941 1 Over the past two or three decades, the study of emotions has revolutionized our conceptions of human nature. What we now call the "Emotional Turn" challenged earlier scientific understandings of humans-our brains, our bodies, and the laws that govern their functions within and between individuals-and of society as a whole. Research on emotions has contributed to the invention of new scientific techniques and instruments, to the development of new ways of seeing and making visible, to the reorganization of the hierarchy of disciplines in science, as well as to the public visibility of and political interest in science. This turn to emotions is now visible in the neurosciences, economics, sociology, anthropology, criminology, philosophy, and literary and media studies. 2 In history, the

Background: The article studies specific ethical issues arising from the use of big data in Life Sciences and Healthcare. Methods: Main consensus documents, other studies, and particular cases are analyzed. Results: New concepts that emerged in five key areas for the bioethical debate on big data and health are identified-the accuracy and validity of data and algorithms, questions related to transparency and confidentiality in the use of data; aspects that raise the coding or pseudonymization and the anonymization of data, and also problems derived from the possible individual or group identification; the new ways of obtaining consent for the transfer of personal data; the relationship between big data and the responsibility of professional decision; and the commitment of the Institutions and Public Administrations. Conclusions: Good practices in the management of big data related to Life Sciences and Healthcare depend on respect for the rights of individuals, the improvement that these practices can introduce in assistance to individual patients, the promotion of society's health in general and the advancement of scientific knowledge.

Background: The article studies specific ethical issues arising from the use of big data in Life Sciences and Healthcare. Methods: Main consensus documents, other studies, and particular cases are analyzed. Results: New concepts that emerged in five key areas for the bioethical debate on big data and health are identified—the accuracy and validity of data and algorithms, questions related to transparency and confidentiality in the use of data; aspects that raise the coding or pseudonymization and the anonymization of data, and also problems derived from the possible individual or group identification; the new ways of obtaining consent for the transfer of personal data; the relationship between big data and the responsibility of professional decision; and the commitment of the Institutions and Public Administrations. Conclusions: Good practices in the management of big data related to Life Sciences and Healthcare depend on respect for the rights of individuals, the improvement that t...

Perceived time savings by travelling faster is often cited as a motivation for drivers' speeding behaviour. These time savings, however, come at a cost of significant road injuries and fatalities. While it is known that drivers tend to overestimate the time savings attributable to speeding there is little empirical evidence on how much time drivers genuinely save during day-to-day urban driving and how this relates to speeding-related crashes. The current paper reports on a study to address the lack of empirical evidence on this issue using naturalistic driving data collected from 106 drivers over a period of five weeks. The results show that the average driver saves 26 seconds per day or two minutes per week by speeding. More importantly, the cost of these time savings is one fatality for every 18,947 hours saved by the population on 100 km/h roads and one injury for every 1,407 hours saved on the same roads. Full speed compliance -and consequently a dramatic reduction in the road toll -could be achieved through almost imperceptible increases in travel time by each driver.

This article investigated the students’ responses to narrative text through the animated film. The place of this study was one of the public schools in Yogyakarta Province. The subject of this study was eleventh-grade students. This study was implemented in three phases, e.g., the reconnaissance process, cycle one, and cycle two. The stages conducted in this study contained four steps: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Moreover, the type of data of this study was qualitative data. The technique of collecting data used in this study was the observation checklists and interview guidance. Furthermore, the technique of analyzing this study's data used descriptive statistics and descriptive analysis. The observation showed that the students’ perception of the students’ interest, attention, activeness, and concentration improved. Besides, the interview result showed that the animated film brought a sense of happiness and a reduced sense of distress among the stude...

The article reveals (1) the description of the implementation of learning writing through the animated film; (2) the description of the second grade of science class students’ responses in learning writing through the animated film; and, (3) the improvement of the students’ writing skills in writing narrative text. The type of this research was classroom action research. The subject of this research was the second grade of science class students. The setting of this research was in one of public schools in Bantul, Yogyakarta. This research was carried out in two cycles which consist of four steps: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Each cycle consists of 3 meetings. Moreover, the data collecting technique of this research used qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data collecting techniques were observation checklists, interview guidance, and documentation; while, the quantitative data collecting technique was a writing test. Besides, the data analyz...

Kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menerapkan konsep berkomunikasi bisnis pada aktivitas perkuliahan masih rendah. Rendahnya pemahaman konsep peserta didik disebabkan karena pembelajaran yang diterapkan dosen masih bersifat lecturer centered. Dosen hanya menyampaikan materi pembelajaran secara satu arah. Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa menjadi tidak bervariasi, hanya mendengarkan informasi dari dosen saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based-learning) pada pembelajaran mata kuliah komunikasi bisnis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif mahasiswa. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Institut Informatika dan Bisnis Darmajaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan bulan Juni 2022. Data penelitian diambil dengan metode tindakan kelas dan survey. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Persepsi mahasiswa diukur melalui 7 aspe...

The objective was to elicit patient preferences for medicine administration method in the management of acute agitation episodes among patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. The patients' experiences of acute agitation episodes and their management of episodes were also explored. Data were collected via an anonymous, internet-based survey of residents in Denmark or Sweden with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (October 2014 to December 2014). Inclusion criteria were having a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and being above 18 years of age. The questionnaire included questions about preferences for medication attributes, experiences with pharmacological treatment for agitation and involvement in treatment plans. A total of 237 diagnosed patients (61 with schizophrenia; 176 with bipolar disorder) completed the questionnaire. Agitation episodes were experienced by 90% of the respondents. In total, 83% of the respondents reported having received treatment with tablets. When patients were presented with the attributes of an inhalation method, respondents stated that the fast onset of action, low risk of adverse reactions and least invasive form of drug delivery were positive attributes of treatment with inhalation. Inhalation is a new delivery route for treatment of acute agitation in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Inhalation is the preferred treatment method for acute agitation among Danish and Swedish patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Dystrophin is an important protein within the central nervous system. The absence of dystrophin, characterizing Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), is associated with brain related comorbidities such as neurodevelopmental (e.g., cognitive and behavioural) deficits and epilepsy. Especially mutations in the downstream part of the DMD gene affecting the dystrophin isoforms Dp140 and Dp71 are found to be associated with cognitive deficits. However, the function of Dp140 is currently not well understood and its expression pattern has previously been implicated to be developmentally regulated. Therefore, we evaluated Dp140 and Dp71 expression in human hippocampi in relation to cognitive functioning in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and post-mortem controls. Hippocampal samples obtained as part of epilepsy surgery were quantitatively analyzed by Western blot and correlations with neuropsychological test results (i.e., memory and intelligence) were examined. First, we demonstrated that the expression of Dp140 does not appear to differ across different ages throughout adulthood. Second, we identified an inverse correlation between memory loss (i.e., verbal and visual memory), but not intelligence (i.e., neither verbal nor performance), and hippocampal Dp140 expression. Finally, patients with TLE appeared to have similar Dp140 expression levels compared to post-mortem controls without neurological disease. Dp140 may thus have a function in normal cognitive (i.e., episodic memory) processes.

Enhancing students' intercultural competences through international higher education requires a thorough understanding of the way in which these competences develop over time, how they relate to outcomes, and which factors predict their growth. To answer these questions, a three-wave longitudinal study was conducted among a sample of first-year students in an international university program (n = 425). Intercultural competences were operationalized through the five dimensions of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ): Cultural Empathy, Openmindedness, Flexibility, Social Initiative and Emotional Stability. We examined development of these traits across one year, as well as their relationship with stress, life satisfaction, and academic performance (GPA). Cultural background (local vs international student) and prior international experience (yes/no) were included as predictors. Results show that MPQ scores at the beginning of the year negatively relate to change across semester 1, which in turn is negatively related to change across semester 2. These findings suggest the presence of ceiling effects in MPQ development. In semester 1, emotional stability acts as a buffer against stress. In semester 2, stress is lower among students with higher scores cultural empathy and lower scores on flexibility. Cultural empathy and social initiative relate positively to academic performance. No significant main effects were found for cultural background, or prior international experience. However, these predictors interact on openmindedness and social Initiative: local students with no prior international experience show a significant increase in these dimensions across the first semester, whereas the others do not.

To enable virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) that treats anxiety disorders by gradually exposing the patient to fear using virtual reality (VR), it is important to monitor the patient's fear levels during the exposure. Despite the evidence of a fear circuit in the brain as reflected by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the measurement of fear response in highly immersive VR using fNIRS is limited, especially in combination with a head-mounted display (HMD). In particular, it is unclear to what extent fNIRS can differentiate users with and without anxiety disorders and detect fear response in a highly ecological setting using an HMD. In this study, we investigated fNIRS signals captured from participants with and without a fear of height response. To examine the extent to which fNIRS signals of both groups differ, we conducted an experiment during which participants with moderate fear of heights and participants without it were exposed to VR scenarios involving ...

To enable virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) that treats anxiety disorders by gradually exposing the patient to fear using virtual reality (VR), it is important to monitor the patient's fear levels during the exposure. Despite the evidence of a fear circuit in the brain as reflected by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the measurement of fear response in highly immersive VR using fNIRS is limited, especially in combination with a head-mounted display (HMD). In particular, it is unclear to what extent fNIRS can differentiate users with and without anxiety disorders and detect fear response in a highly ecological setting using an HMD. In this study, we investigated fNIRS signals captured from participants with and without a fear of height response. To examine the extent to which fNIRS signals of both groups differ, we conducted an experiment during which participants with moderate fear of heights and participants without it were exposed to VR scenarios involving ...

Students’ educational outcome can be attributed to how teachers influence the performance of their students. Creating a positive learning environment through one’s self-efficacy and instructional management can serve as barometer for students’ success. This study aims to find out the correlation of teachers’ efficacy and instructional management being important predictors of students’ scholastic performance. The study employed quantitative descriptive method using descriptive statistics. It was conducted at Surigao del Sur State University, Philippines tapping the teachers and students of the College of Teacher Education as the respondents. Complete enumeration was employed for the faculty; while stratified random sampling for the students. It was conducted during the first semester of 2018-2019. The result revealed that the teachers’ sense of efficacy manifested a positive Mean for behavioral management strategies. For the level of instructional management, teachers frequently impl...

Pemrograman terpisah adalah pendekatan yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah nonlinier dengan Metode Simplex. Metode ini terbukti dalam memecahkan masalah nonlinier, yang sampai sekarang tidak memiliki metode seperti dalam masalah pemrograman linier standar. Tulisan ini mencoba membandingkan proses dan hasil dari pendekatan Pemrograman terpisah dengan Kondisi Kuhn-Tucker. Terbukti bahwa keduanya memberikan hasil yang serupa, tetapi dengan cara yang berbeda. Pendekatan Pemrograman terpisah sebaiknya digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah nonlinier yang memiliki kesulitan ketika diselesaikan dengan Pendekatan Kondisi Kuhn-Tucker.

Pemrograman Linier Parametrik merupakan model pengembangan analisis sensitivitas dimana koefisien input berubah secara simultan. Model ini mengembangkan pemecahan masalah dimana nilai koefisien input tidak diketahui dengan pasti, namun dapat dilakukan estimasi dalam interval tertentu sesuai dengan tingkat kepercayaan yang diharapkan. Dalam tulisan ini diuraikan manfaat Pemrograman Linier Parametrik untuk menganalisis dampak fluktuasi koefisien fungsi objektif dan konstanta terhadap solusi optimal. Terbukti bahwa perubahan koefisien input dalam interval tertentu tidak mengubah solusi optimal yang telah diperoleh sebelumnya.

The Alternative Learning System (ALS) program plays a crucial role in enhancing the literacy among persons deprived of liberty (PDLs). This initiative not only addresses educational gaps but also fosters personal growth and social reintegration. There have been various studies that looked at the effectiveness of different approaches and methodologies in improving the literacy of ALS students. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating different effective approaches that are used for PDLs, especially those who are enrolled in ALS. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Project SCALE (Scaffolded Chart-Based Approach for Literacy Enhancement) in improving the literacy of incarcerated ALS students. Project SCALE is an innovative approach that incorporates interactive learning with focus on using scaffolded learning approach through structure table charts to equip the students with understanding of the components of English sentences and improve their writing skills. Project SCALE is innovative as it integrates different educational strategies to respond to the research problem. The integration of gradual scaffolding approach, structured chart usage, and interactive individual and group activities informs a comprehensive approach in teaching writing skills for the targeted students. This approach targeted both the desired specific learning outcomes and promoted collaboration among the students which is important in the students' community life. The innovation was tested in three LS1 English competencies that were not mastered by the students after a quarter period. Using a quasi-experimental research design, data was gathered from the pre-test and post-test scores of the participants. Utilizing t-test, a significant difference is found comparing the means of the pre-test and post-test scores of the participants. The post-test scores are significantly higher than the pretest scores suggesting that the intervention was effective, so it is recommended that the project be widely adapted, and its concept be used for other ALS subjects.

This research was analyze and discuss the pattern in conversation. Applied pattern of conversation is unpredictable, it is drawn the section and topics which used by participants. The objectives are drawn pattern of topic change, find out clues and describe aspect that influenced pattern of topic change in conversation. The method of this research was qualitative research, the data collected by recording and transcribing. The participants are Singaporean and Indonesian, the data are conversation both director and secretary. Data analyzed through ethnography methodology in communication and conversation analysis. Weather, this condition was quite different to the theory. First is pattern of topic change in formal conversation quite different to the previous study and theory. There found important section in each topic. This conclusion where has not explained before. Second is aspect influencing pattern of topic change are dominant participants, context, relation and time. The emphasi...

The aim of the study was to analyze differences in respect of identity processing styles, shame and guilt proneness, and difficulties in emotion regulation among individuals in late adolescence with different identity statuses. The participants were 971 students from different types of vocational schools, including: (1) basic vocational schools (n = 271), technical secondary schools (n = 447), and specialized secondary schools (n = 253). Analysis of the results showed that the distribution of six empirically distinguished (on the basis of cluster analysis) identity statuses among the students from the three investigated types of schools varied. Identity statuses also differentiated the results of other investigated variables. Individuals with identity achievement and foreclosure used more adaptive identity styles, had a lower level of shame proneness and a lower level of difficulties in emotion regulation than individuals with diffused diffusion and carefree diffusion statuses. The results have been analyzed from the perspective of cognitive and emotional determinants of identity formation. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research have also been presented.

The process of identity formation during the transition from adolescence into adulthood and its determinants are currently a central issue in the social sciences. On the one hand, the huge variety of  possibilities presents the opportunity to expand the fields of exploration and to tailor commitments to individual aspirations and preferences. On the other hand, increasing instability and Bauman’s liquidity of the social environment of development may create threats that impede the making of decisions, engaging in their realization, and identifying with the choices made. James Marcia’s two-stage model of identity formation no longer adequately describes and accounts for paths of identity development. The dynamic dual-cycle model of identity formation developed by Koen Luyckx and collaborators is much more accurate. Although identity continues to develop throughout course of life, childhood, and adolescence in particular, seems to be pivotal from the point of view of which development...

The aim of the study was to analyze differences in respect of identity processing styles, shame and guilt proneness, and difficulties in emotion regulation among individuals in late adolescence with different identity statuses. The participants were 971 students from different types of vocational schools, including: (1) basic vocational schools (n = 271), technical secondary schools (n = 447), and specialized secondary schools (n = 253). Analysis of the results showed that the distribution of six empirically distinguished (on the basis of cluster analysis) identity statuses among the students from the three investigated types of schools varied. Identity statuses also differentiated the results of other investigated variables. Individuals with identity achievement and foreclosure used more adaptive identity styles, had a lower level of shame proneness and a lower level of difficulties in emotion regulation than individuals with diffused diffusion and carefree diffusion statuses. The results have been analyzed from the perspective of cognitive and emotional determinants of identity formation. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research have also been presented.

Dalam penelitian ini penulis menganalisis tingkat kepuasan pengunjung Daya Tarik Wisata Kebun Raya Balikpapan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengunjung berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya serta menentukan faktor yang paling dominan yang mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan pengunjung wisata. Tingkat kepuasan pengunjung dibatasi pada 6 faktor yang berpengaruh yaitu pemandangan, aksesbilitas/kemudahan , keamanan atau kenyamanan, kondisi dan ketersediaan fasilitas, kondisi jalan, serta pelayanan informasi yang terdapat pada Obyek Wisata Kebun Raya Balikpapan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif berdasarkan data yang didapatkan melalui kuisioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis kuantitatif mean aritmatik untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengunjung objek wisata kebun raya Balikpapan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan pengunjung Daya Tarik...

The European community has repeatedly outlined ( Health at a Glance: Europe, 2016) that people’s way of life was deeply destructive. As a consequence, they have carried out policies in order to improve people’s health. Those policies do work with some people, however younger generations have never been so much in danger of being overweight than they are today (Sassi, F, 2010). Healthy life style problems are for all generations but especially for younger people they have been important topics in many societies for quite a while. We can blame bad habits, lack of information, too much usage of new technology and lack of knowledge about human’s negative influence on themselves as well as bad influence from the social and physical environment ( Health at a Glance: Europe, 2016) . The article deals with the problem of unhealthy students and presents the results of the students as well as their parents’ health issues and social, emotional and psychological well-being.

Background: vaccination uptake in the UK and increased care home testing are likely affecting care home visitation. With scant scientific evidence to date, the aim of this longitudinal qualitative study was to explore the impact of both (vaccination and testing) on the conduct and experiences of care home visits. Methods: family carers of care home residents with dementia and care home staff from across the UK took part in baseline (October/November 2020) and follow-up interviews (March 2021). Public advisers were involved in all elements of the research. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: across 62 baseline and follow-up interviews with family carers (n = 26; 11) and care home staff (n = 16; 9), five core themes were developed: delayed and inconsistent offers of face-to-face visits; procedures and facilitation of visits; variable uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine; misinformation, education and free choice; frustration and anger among family carers. The variable uptake in staff, compared to family carers, was a key factor seemingly influencing visitation, with a lack of clear guidance leading care homes to implement infection control measures and visitation rights differently. Conclusions: we make five recommendations in this paper to enable improved care home visitation in the ongoing, and in future, pandemics. Visits need to be enabled and any changes to visiting rights must be used as a last resort, reviewed regularly in consultation with residents and carers and restored as soon as possible as a top priority, whilst more education needs to be provided surrounding vaccination for care home staff.