Social Psychology

In terms of the media, there are various means of influencing the audience by informing and conditioning its attitude or forming its mood. Amongst these means, attention should be paid to scepticism and cynicism, leading to destructive, critical attitude, doubt or denial. Cynicism is the questioning or denial of what is generally accepted or accepted by the majority and some particular group. The text emphasizes the dual possible moral evaluation of cynicism: on the one hand, the justifiability and usefulness of cynicism in one situation, on the other hand, its destructive and misleading effect in another, weakening support for social and moral order. The representation of the unveiling of the monument of Gunārs Astra in the media on 20 January 2022 is analysed here as a case of misleading strategic communication.

Enhancing students' intercultural competences through international higher education requires a thorough understanding of the way in which these competences develop over time, how they relate to outcomes, and which factors predict their growth. To answer these questions, a three-wave longitudinal study was conducted among a sample of first-year students in an international university program (n = 425). Intercultural competences were operationalized through the five dimensions of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ): Cultural Empathy, Openmindedness, Flexibility, Social Initiative and Emotional Stability. We examined development of these traits across one year, as well as their relationship with stress, life satisfaction, and academic performance (GPA). Cultural background (local vs international student) and prior international experience (yes/no) were included as predictors. Results show that MPQ scores at the beginning of the year negatively relate to change across semester 1, which in turn is negatively related to change across semester 2. These findings suggest the presence of ceiling effects in MPQ development. In semester 1, emotional stability acts as a buffer against stress. In semester 2, stress is lower among students with higher scores cultural empathy and lower scores on flexibility. Cultural empathy and social initiative relate positively to academic performance. No significant main effects were found for cultural background, or prior international experience. However, these predictors interact on openmindedness and social Initiative: local students with no prior international experience show a significant increase in these dimensions across the first semester, whereas the others do not.

The aim of the study was to analyze differences in respect of identity processing styles, shame and guilt proneness, and difficulties in emotion regulation among individuals in late adolescence with different identity statuses. The participants were 971 students from different types of vocational schools, including: (1) basic vocational schools (n = 271), technical secondary schools (n = 447), and specialized secondary schools (n = 253). Analysis of the results showed that the distribution of six empirically distinguished (on the basis of cluster analysis) identity statuses among the students from the three investigated types of schools varied. Identity statuses also differentiated the results of other investigated variables. Individuals with identity achievement and foreclosure used more adaptive identity styles, had a lower level of shame proneness and a lower level of difficulties in emotion regulation than individuals with diffused diffusion and carefree diffusion statuses. The results have been analyzed from the perspective of cognitive and emotional determinants of identity formation. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research have also been presented.

The aim of the study was to analyze differences in respect of identity processing styles, shame and guilt proneness, and difficulties in emotion regulation among individuals in late adolescence with different identity statuses. The participants were 971 students from different types of vocational schools, including: (1) basic vocational schools (n = 271), technical secondary schools (n = 447), and specialized secondary schools (n = 253). Analysis of the results showed that the distribution of six empirically distinguished (on the basis of cluster analysis) identity statuses among the students from the three investigated types of schools varied. Identity statuses also differentiated the results of other investigated variables. Individuals with identity achievement and foreclosure used more adaptive identity styles, had a lower level of shame proneness and a lower level of difficulties in emotion regulation than individuals with diffused diffusion and carefree diffusion statuses. The results have been analyzed from the perspective of cognitive and emotional determinants of identity formation. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research have also been presented.

Aim. A negative body image can lead to unhealthy behaviours that may result in anxiety and depression . This systematic review aims to critically review the literature regarding body dissatisfaction, and its relationship to anxiety and depression. A systematic search of relevant databases in psychology, nursing and medicine, identified 11 papers which were then synthesised and subject to a quality assessment. Results. The review highlighted three broad themes: The relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and / or depression; No relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and / or depression and Self-esteem. The relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and / or depression was found to be complicated and connected to the development of maladaptive behaviours. Further research is needed using a variety of research methodologies to understand the relationship between body dissatisfaction, and the development of anxiety and / or depression.

There has been a rapid increase in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in our educational system. This descriptive, comparative, and correlational study investigated the use of AI-powered tools and examined 86 teachers' efficiency and 274 students' performance in a private Catholic school in Bacolod City, Philippines. The researcher developed a researcher-made questionnaire to gather the data. Major findings revealed that teachers used AI less frequently, often used it for tutoring, with ChatGPT being a popular choice. Students, on the other hand, reported using AI weekly, primarily for tutoring. While AI integration seemed to enhance teacher efficiency, male teachers perceived themselves as more efficient than females. Generally, the results show that AI contributes to an efficient teaching process with a mean score of 3.60, verbally interpreted as somewhat efficient. The results revealed that AI had a significant improvement on both male and female students. Interestingly, no significant differences were found in teacher efficiency and student performance when grouped according to sex using Mann-Whitney U-test. Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the data revealed no correlation between the student performance in AI and the teachers' efficiency in AI. In light of these findings, the study recommends implementing programs and training to help teachers use AI more effectively and engage students. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to address any barriers educators may face in adopting AI, create supportive environments with equitable access to AI resources, and implement strategies to address potential gender biases in AI adoption.

Perfectionism constitutes a multidimensional personality trait. According to the diathesisstress model, perfectionism may predispose individuals to experience increased psychological distress during stressful periods. Since self-compassion is considered as a protective factor within the context of mental health difficulties, the primary objective of this study was to explore the mediating function of self-compassion in the relationship between positive (i.e., high standards and order) and negative (i.e., discrepancy) aspects of perfectionism and psychological distress among Greek emerging adults. The sample consisted of 410 university students (47.6% males and 52.4% females), with a mean age of 20.61 ± 1.88 years. The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were used to assess perfectionism, selfcompassion, and psychological distress, respectively. The results indicated that self-compassion mediated the association between positive and negative aspects of perfectionism and different dimensions of psychological distress (i.e., somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression). Specifically, discrepancy and increased levels of high standards were related to lower levels of self-compassion, thus leading to greater endorsement of psychological distress. In contrast, order was associated with higher levels of self-compassion, thus leading to lower levels of psychological distress. The findings of the present study highlight that self-compassion is an overall important area to examine in nonclinical populations. These findings have implications for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in enhancing individuals' self-acceptance and awareness of their perfectionistic tendencies, as well as compassion-focused therapy (CFT) in elevating self-compassion, mindfulness, and overall psychological well-being while reducing psychological distress.

Background Social media use has vastly increased during the past few years, especially among young adults. Studies examining the relationship of social media use with mental health have yielded mixed findings. Additionally, such studies are extremely limited in Greece. The present study aimed to investigate the association between social media use, depressive symptoms and self-esteem among Greek young adults. Method A total of 654 individuals (50.5% male) aged 18-30 years (Μ = 23.62, SD = 2.71) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding social media use, depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Results Increased daily use of YouTube (more than five hours) showed a significant association with higher depressive symptomatology, b = 2.99, 95% CI [.78, 5.20], p = .008, while daily use of Facebook between two and five hours was related to significantly higher self-esteem, b = 1.61, 95% CI [.78, 2.44], p < .001, after adjusting for participants’ gender, age, educational level and emp...

One of the challenges in halal is the acceptance among non-Muslims of the values, due to their lack of appreciation in understanding its concept. Media bias, culture, personal beliefs, racism and Islamophobia are some of the common causes. Past studies concluded that the concept of misjudgment could be realigned to a positive attitude by providing the appropriate information and education. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim, of assessing how the provision of halal knowledge through the concept of a student exchange program could change a group of non-Muslims’ attitude, acceptance and behavior towards halal. A research experiment was administered that involved a group of university students from a private university in South Korea, who voluntarily took part in a 7-day halal program in Malaysia. The study involved 1) a pre-test assessment, 2) participation in the student exchange heutagogy program and 3) a post-test assessment. Based on the paired sample test results, ove...

Drawing on social identity theory, this study investigated leader humility's double-edged sword effect on follower unethical pro-organizational behavior via the mediating roles of perceived insider status and leadermember guanxi. Furthermore, we also examined leader trust's moderating role in the relationship between perceived insider status/leader-member guanxi and unethical pro-organizational behavior. We tested our hypotheses using data collected from 569 participants from service and IT enterprises in Shandong, China, using a survey conducted at two time points. The study used SPSS to evaluate the common method variance, and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS was performed to test the measurement model's suitability. SPSS was used to test all the hypotheses, and multiple regression analysis determined the relationships among the variables. The results showed that leader humility can weaken follower unethical proorganizational behavior via perceived insider status; leader humility can also enhance leader-member guanxi to strengthen follower unethical proorganizational behavior. Additionally, a follower's leader trust can moderate the relationship between perceived insider status and unethical proorganizational behavior. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

It is hypothesised that individuals who play different roles in terrorist organisations will have different psychological processes underlying their activities. An innovative examination of the personal construct systems of terrorists explored this. As part of a larger study, three individuals convicted of Islamic related terrorist violence in India were interviewed using a semi-structured life narrative procedure enhanced by a Repertory Grid (Kelly, 1955). One was a senior leader of a terrorist group, one a subordinate, the third a person who planted a bomb without full knowledge of the larger design he was part of. Principal Component Analyses of these Grids informed by comments from the life narratives were used to elaborate each man's conceptual system and how it related to his commitment to violence. Important differences between the three individuals' in their construct systems were found. This demonstrated that the forms of Jihadi commitment is embedded in the individual's personal construct system. So although these three case studies can only be taken as providing indicative results, they do suggest that disengagement of lower echelons of terrorist organisations may be possible, whilst those who lead these organisations are unlikely to be open to reconstrue themselves enough to allow disengagement. The results therefore contribute to the growing literature arguing for significant differences in terrorists' understanding of themselves and their roles and provide an original methodology for assessing a person's deradicalisation.

The present paper focused on the objectification of Pakistani female celebrities on social media especially Facebook. The comments under the viral pictures of Mahira Khan, Mariyam Nawaz and Malala Yousafzai were analyzed by adopting the objectification framework of Nussbaum and Langton. Fifty comments about each female celebrity appearing under their viral pictures were analyzed by using the technique of quantitative content analysis. Total sample consisted of 150 comments from Facebook users of both the genders, i.e. males and females. It was observed that there was an abundance of remarks under the pictures of these celebrities where objectification was at work in some way or the other. Reduction to appearance remained the most frequently occurring variable of objectification. It was also observed that though these comments were coming from people of both the genders but male users of Facebook appeared more hostile in this regard. It is suggested on the basis of the results obtain...

Aim. The necessary renewal of teaching methods and school practices must take into consideration the technologies of the new generations of students, for whom the supremacy of the book and of the alphabetic writing is no longer given for certain. The presence of digital natives paves the way for educators to increase the digital awareness of young people, primarily through the definition of the terms of a new digital literacy. The reflection on the experiences of applying Web 2.0 tools to the educational context highlights the growing importance of participatory culture and informal learning. Methods. An important role is played by an updated use of constructivist and connectivist pedagogical perspectives. Training courses are considered for the person of the e-learning tutor. Among the specific objectives we have the diffusion of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), the deepening of Web 2.0 environments, the introduction of cooperative work and constructivist management methods of online interaction, the use of moderation techniques in e-learning environment. These objectives refer to the context of teaching, staff training and school organisation. Results. The collected results are processed using computerised statistical and text analysis systems, which highlight the most central themes and the most evident correlations between the emerging evidence. People who follow training courses of this type show greater awareness of the use and usefulness of technologies. They acquire awareness of the challenges posed by the growth of the young generation of digital natives, in terms of activating a new digital literacy. Conclusions. The research also highlights the difficulties and disappointments encountered in dealing with users and with the school authority. Attending training courses of this type significantly underlines the existence of two distinct fundamental methods of approaching the introduction of new media: one of technologising type, in which technologies are seen indicatively as an end, and one of culturalising type, in which technologies are seen as a means.

Despite still widespread unemployment in Europe, there is a growing shortage of labour, due to the ageing of the population and discrimination against old people both in and out of employment. Following the long history of human rights legislation, such discrimination is now outlawed but many third-agers have become discouraged or do not know how to make their careers more secure. Vocational guidance, therefore, is needed in order to reintegrate them into the labour force and manage their careers effectively.

Social marginalization and isolation of target populations are growing areas of concern for policy administrators. African American Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (AA LGBT) individuals are not permitted full political, economic, or moral citizenship and thus are in society but not completely of it. Legislation such as North Carolina's House Bill 2 (HB2) has the potential to dissolve the social contract connecting life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness at the microlevel. The emerging U.S. trend of moving societally from universal access in microlevel institutions toward more marketbased strategies poses a formidable challenge for this target population. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the impact of substantive public policy such as HB2 on the lived experiences of AA LGBT community members at the microlevel in North Carolina in order to provide positive social change via public policy and administration. The theoretical basis for this study was Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory with emphasis placed on the impact of HB2 at the microlevel. Data were gathered from 10 telephone interviews with members of the AA LGBT community who were 18-30 years of age. Data from the study were deductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings indicate that substantive policy has a considerable impact on minority target populations. Consequently, this study will assist in raising awareness amongst policymakers regarding the lived experiences of racial and sexual minorities because of public policy and contribute to the overall understanding of the spillover effects of substantive law regarding the lived experiences of minority target populations.

Background and aims We studied teacher burnout and its relationship with job demands and resources, collective self-efficacy, and social support. Previous studies indicate that the factors of burnout (depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and reduced personal accomplishment) develop in work environment where demands exceed resources, and where social support and collective self-efficacy are both perceived to be low. Methods Online survey method was used (N = 664) in this study. Organizational and social context was measured using the job demands and resources model, and measuring perceived collective self-efficacy of the workplace and social support of the coworkers. Results Based on the results of correlation analysis, different types of job demands are associated positively with burnout, while job resources, collective self-efficacy, and social support prove to have negative relationship with burnout. The ratio of demands and resources (workload index) also has a strong link to...

One-hundred nineteen Latina/o college students provided perceptions of presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life, daily spiritual experiences, and subjective happiness. Perceptions of meaning in life and daily spiritual experiences were significant predictors of subjective happiness. A discussion regarding the importance of these findings is provided, and implications for university staff are offered.

Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto La verdad y la mentira en las relaciones internacionales; predicciones; justificaciones; la verdad y la mentira en las relaciones interpersonales; argumentos empíricos; argumentos éticos; conclusiones.

Purpose Organizational insiders play a critical role in protecting sensitive information. Prior research finds that moral beliefs influence compliance decisions. Yet, it is less clear what factors influence moral beliefs and the conditions under which those factors have stronger/weaker effects. Using an ethical decision-making model and value congruence theory, this study aims to investigate how moral intensity and organizational criticality influence moral beliefs and intentions to perform information protection behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested using a scenario-based survey of 216 organizational insiders. Two of the scenarios depict low criticality information security protection behaviors and two depict high criticality behaviors. Findings A major finding is that users rely more on perceived social consensus and magnitude of consequences when organizational criticality is low and on temporal immediacy and proximity when criticality is high. In addi...

While some online social networking (OSN) websites, such as Facebook, have reported sustained growth, others, such as Bebo, have not. This study investigates the factors that influence users' intentions to continue using these websites. We adapt the theory of reasoned action and develop a model depicting how trusting beliefs, habit, attitude, and subjective norm lead to continuance intention. We propose that trusting beliefs and habit will have differential effects depending on the levels of privacy restrictiveness and site experience. An analysis of data collected from Facebook users shows that the effects of trusting beliefs on continuance intention diminish as OSN users become more experienced, yet, do not diminish when users set privacy controls high. The latter finding contradicts theory positing control and trusting beliefs are substitutes. The finding that the trusting belief-continuance intention relationship is not significant when experience is high demonstrates that trusting beliefs and experience interact. We also show that habit is a stronger predictor when users restrict their personal information. However, contrary to predictions, habit shapes intention among users with both high and low experience. These findings explain how habit and trusting beliefs predict continuance intention in the new OSN environment and have both practical and research implications.

Background. An important aspect of ensuring the effectiveness of inclusive physical education of students with disabilities in higher education is taking into account the increase in certain violations in the state of health of students caused by the long war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. As a result, a powerful factor of disability, a violation of postural control, is considered one of the main problems in inclusive PE of students with disabilities. The study purpose was to reveal the effectiveness of inclusive PE classes on the development of postural control of students with disabilities in the process of implementing the developed program. Materials and methods. To solve the tasks, a complex of scientific intelligence methods was used at the empirical and theoretical level: literature analysis, observation, testing, experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. 30 first-year students with disabilities took part in the experiment. The organization of the study provided for the determination of the state of the studied parameters as a consequence of the action of the developed program aimed at correcting the postural control of students with disabilities. Results. According to the results of the test control of maintaining balance and orientation in space, the development of postural control of students with disabilities after the end of the experimental study was established. The results of the study established an improvement in the quality of the balance function, as a correlator of translational control, in students of the studied sample after the end of the experimental study within 20%. Conclusions. Considering the fact that postural control is ensured by the functional activity of the somatosensory, vestibular, visual and neuromuscular systems, scientifically based use of the tools of the developed inclusive PE program became a factor in improving the studied parameters of postural control of students with disabilities. The established statistically reliable positive dynamics of the set of postural control indicators proved that the implementation of the developed innovations in the PE of students with disabilities provides a targeted impact on the normalization of balance functions. The obtained results of the conducted pedagogical experiment prove the effectiveness of the author's development of pedagogical actions regarding the correlation of postural control of students with disabilities in the process of inclusive physical education.

Aim of our research was to conduct a clinical and laboratory analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and the condition of the fetus. Materials and Methods: At the first stage, we conducted a retrospective examination of 50 pregnant women treated at Ternopil Municipal Hospital No.2 (Ukraine) between November 2020 and January 2022 with the history of COVID-19, confirmed by PCR test, and 25 pregnant COVID-19 negative pregnant women (control group). At the second stage, we performed prospective cohort study and involved 40 pregnant women treated with the history of COVID-19, confirmed by PCR, and 10 pregnant COVID-19 negative women with a physiological course of pregnancy as a control group.Women were divided into the following groups: group I -10 women diagnosed with COVID-19 during the first trimester of pregnancy: group II-15 women diagnosed during the second trimester; group III-15 women diagnosed during the third trimester. Ultrasound examination and cardiotocograms were performed to assess fetus status. Blood samples were collected at delivery. To determine whether COVID-19 could alter placental angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), PlGF and interleuin-32-α were assessed. results: We identified that concentration of VEGFA was 95.30±5.65 pg/ml in control group. In women who had COVID-19 in first trimester, this index was 1.3 times higher, in second trimester 1.63 times higher and in third trimester by 2 times compared to control group. PlGF concentration was only 27,4 percent in group I, 16 percent in group II and 30 percent in group III,compared to control group. Concentration of interleuin-32-α was 67.27±5.63 pg/ml in control group and increased to 167 percent in group I, by 2.8 times in group II and by 6.3 times in group III compared to control group. conclusions: COVID-19 has a negative impact on placental angiogenesis, including VEGFA and PlGF. Fetal post-COVID-19 syndrome requires timely diagnosis of disorders and further study. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is an immune-dependent pathology in which the processes of protracted cytokine activation occur in the body of a pregnant woman.

В заКладах ВиЩоЇ оСВіТи анотація. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена нагальною потребою забезпечити повноцінну можливість здобуття вищої освіти учасникам бойових дій, а передовсім ветеранам війни, з-поміж яких чимало здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністю. Досліджено, що виклики, пов'язані із реалізацією інклюзивної освіти, які постали перед системою освіти України, є тотожними до європейських систем. Імплентація зарубіжного досвіду у вітчизняний освітній процес представляє собою креативне поєднання ключових компонентів корекційного розвитку та взаємодію учасників освітнього процесу (педагогів та здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністю-ветеранів війни) у процесі інклюзивного фізичного виховання, скерованого на подолання впливу наслідків війни задля усунення порушень у стані їхнього здоров'я. З'ясовано, що зусилля треба спрямувати на обґрунтування і створення ефективних моделей інклюзивного фізичного виховання, організованого на основі сучасних інноваційних загальнонаукових і спеціальних технологій, теорії, методики і практики фізичної культури, які б забезпечували високий рівень фізичної активності здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністю-ветеранів війни, адаптації їх у середовищі навчального закладу, сприяли б їхньому здоров'юзбереженню та досягненню прогнозованих результатів під час навчання. Виокремлено напрями імплантації прогресивних ідей у процесі формування інклюзивної моделі фізичного виховання для здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністю-ветеранів війни в закладах вищої освіти. Серед таких: підготовки фахівців із фізичного виховання, які повною мірою володіють інклюзивною компетентністю; оновлення змісту методик у сфері інклюзивного фізичного виховання; цілеспрямованої просвітньо-інформаційної роботи задля розвитку в здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністюветеранів війни потреби у фізичному самовдосконаленні та здоров'язбереженні; розвиток мотивації до занять фізичним вихованням здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністю-ветеранів війни; підтримка організації здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністю-ветеранів війни в їхньому фізичному вихованні нарівні з усіма учасниками освітнього процесу; створення центрів фізкультурно-спортивної спрямованості для здобувачів вищої освіти з інвалідністю-ветеранів війни в закладах вищої освіти. Ключові слова: інклюзія, фізичне виховання, здобувач вищої освіти з інвалідністю-ветеран війни, заклад вищої освіти, фізична активність, здоров'язбереження.

Younger adults (YA) judgments of political candidates' competence from facial appearance accurately predict electoral success. Whether this is true for older adults (OA) has not been investigated despite the fact that OA are more likely to vote than YA and may respond differently to particular facial qualities. We examined whether OA and YA ratings of competence, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and babyfaceness of opposing candidates in US Senate elections independently predicted their own vote choices and actual election outcomes. OA and YA ratings of attractiveness, competence, and trustworthiness positively predicted their choices, but the effect of competence was weaker for OA. Babyfaceness negatively predicted OA, but not YA, choices. OA and YA competence ratings equally predicted the actual election winners, while OA, but not YA, attractiveness ratings did so. Trustworthy and babyface ratings did not predict actual winners. These findings have implications for understanding age differences in candidate preferences and the prediction of election outcomes.

The present study aims to measure the prevalence of non-disabled frailty and its associated factors among Bangladeshi older adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted during September and October 2021 among 1,045 Bangladeshi older adults (�60 years). Telephone interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire, were undertaken to collect data on participants' characteristics and level of frailty. The non-disabled frailty was measured using the 'Frail Non-Disabled (FiND)' questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the factors associated with frailty among the participants. Around a quarter of the participants (24.8%) were frail. The multinomial regression analysis showed that older participants aged �80 years (RRR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.41-7.37) were more likely to be frail compared to participants aged 60-69 years. Likewise, the participants living in a large family with �4 members (RRR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01-1.92) were more likely to be frail compared to those living in smaller families. Also, participants having memory or

Men who are victimized in their intimate different-sex (DS) and same-sex (SS) relationships often report not having information to help them escape their abusive situations. To overcome this lack of information, public awareness campaigns have been created. But thus far, there is no clear understanding of how these campaigns reflect theoretical principles central to improve message effectiveness and avoid undesired negative effects. This study aims to review the content of intimate partner violence (IPV) pictorial campaigns focusing on victimized men in DS and SS relationships. Specifically, it aims to understand the campaigns' global characteristics and if their content represents constructs from different theoretical models. Online search engines were used to extract pictorial campaigns in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, released up until 2019. They must have had to be promoted by a formal organization, and were coded according to a theoretically grounded taxonomy, using thematic analysis. Our results indicate that out of the 57 campaigns collected, most were aimed at men without specifying the relationship they were in (i.e., DS or SS) (n = 22, 39%) and intended to change attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about IPV (in line with the Theory of Planned Behavior) (n = 47, 82%). Additionally, four campaigns adequately integrated fear appeal constructs of the Extended Parallel Processing Model (n = 4, 7%), while 41 campaigns highlighted dissonant states in line with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (n = 41, 72%). Following the Transtheoretical Model, most campaigns targeted victims in the Maintenance stage (n = 52, 92%). The campaigns under analysis may prove useful for some victimized men, mostly presenting messages designed to elicit a beneficial attitude and behavior change. Our analysis highlights different limitations as well, such as the lack of information on susceptibility to IPV (n = 13, 23%) and the effectiveness of the recommended responses that the campaigns provide (n = 20, 38%), which may interfere with adequate fear appeal processing. Additionally, presenting more diverse victims may be beneficial, along with social norms change information regarding gender roles, violence, and help-seeking. This may guide the development of improved and tailored campaigns to better facilitate help-seeking in victimized men that mostly avoid undesired negative effects on the viewer.

Autonomy-connectedness refers to the need and ability the individual has for self-governance, as well as the capacity for intimacy and interpersonal relationships. The present study aimed to examine and compare participants (N=121) of four different cultural groups, namely Portuguese natives as well as Brazilian, British and Ukrainian immigrants residing in Portugal, on the different autonomy-connectedness components (self-awareness: SA; sensitivity to others: SO; capacity for managing new situations: CMNS). It also aimed at investigating the relationship between autonomy-connectedness and acculturation among the groups of immigrants. The results showed significant gender differences and among the cultural groups on SO. Adherence to the heritage culture was associated with the distinct dimensions of autonomy-connectedness differently for the various groups, and time of residence was also key in how the dimensions were endorsed cross time. This study contributes to the theoretical fr...

Culture is a complex and multi-dimensional construct that is difficult to grasp. It refers to a complex system of (material and non-material) elements that are shared by the members of a social collective, which in turn is most often determined by national boundaries, ethnicity, religion, or geographical concentration. In literature, culture has been understood as resulting from an adaptive interaction between humans and the environment. It is learned by its people and transmitted across generations and therefore relatively stable over time. This thesis is about culture. In particular, it is about cultural values which have been viewed by many cultural researchers as core features of culture. Cultural values represent the implicitly and explicitly shared abstract ideas about what is good, right and desirable in a society (Schwartz, 1999). They reflect what has been agreed upon to be a functional response to challenges that a society faces. These implicit or explicit fundamental agre...

Recent studies have juxtaposed hedonic forms of media entertainment motivations (seeking for pleasure and fun) with eudaimonic forms (seeking for insights into the human condition). As most of this research was confined to the Western world so far, this contribution explores the impact of culture on hedonic and eudaimonic media entertainment motivations. Culture is conceptualized on both macro- and micro levels of analysis. On the macro level of countries, the study draws of Hofstede’s concept of individualism/collectivism. On the micro level of individuals, the study explores independent and interdependent self-construals and ethnic identity as potential influences on hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment. A survey was carried out with international students and non-students in Germany and Turkey ( N = 324). Cross-level operator analyses were calculated to explore relationships between cultural variables and hedonic/eudaimonic entertainment motivations. Results show consistently tha...

In a competitive marketplace, effective persuasion sets a brand apart. Companies that can persuade customers effectively tend to outperform their competitors by capturing a larger share of the market. This study delves into the application of the Elaboration-Likelihood Model on TikTok, a dual-process theory elucidating cognitive processes during persuasion, encompassing central and peripheral processing routes. The aims of this study are to investigate how the Elaboration-Likelihood Model is incorporated in sellers" TikTok videos,

This study establishes a theoretical framework regarding the relation between the cultural values of managers and the followership type they prefer. Individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculine and paternalist values are accepted as the cultural value framework in the study. As for the theoretical framework, the two dimensional followership model proposed by Kelley is used. The dimensions of this model are the independent and critical thinking of the followers and their active participation. In this study by basing on the relevant theory it was proposed that the higher the power distance, uncertainity avoidance and paternalist values in manager the more they prefer dependent uncritical thinking and passive follower behaviors. However, the higher the individualist and masculine values of managers the more they prefer active and independent critical thinking follower behaviors.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan kata-kata kasar antara independent self-construal dengan interdependent self-construal pada gamer Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB). Hipotesis penelitian ini yaitu ada perbedaan penggunaan katakata kasar antara independent self-construal dengan interdependent self-construal pada gamer Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB). Subjek penelitian sebanyak 20 orang dan untuk uji coba sebanyak 56 orang. Manipulasi self-construal dilakukan dengan metode priming melalui skenario diikuti manipulation check menggunakan skala Singelis (1994), dan lembar observasi berisi daftar kata-kata kasar berdasarkan Jay (2009) dan . Analisis data menggunakan uji beda Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan penggunaan kata-kata kasar antara kedua self-construal pada gamer Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB), namun perbedaan ditemukan pada durasi waktu bermain per minggu. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi untuk memahami lebih jauh mengenai self-construal dan penggunaan kata-kata kasar.

Previous studies revealed the association between personality and relationship outcomes. Our research aimed to explore the concurrent relationship between dark personality traits and marital stability and further explore its mechanism in an actor-partner interdependence mediation model. The present study recruited 260 married couples using Mach-IV and the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale for both self-and partner-ratings of Machiavellianism and psychopathy and chose the interpersonal rejection subscale from the interpersonal cognitive distortions scale as the indicator of interpersonal cognition. Additionally, the marital instability scale (short form) was used to measure marital stability. Results showed that self-and partner-rating of Machiavellianism and psychopathy had both direct and indirect actor-partner effects on marital stability. Furthermore, dark personality by partner-rating is more likely to affect marital stability by the partial mediation of interpersonal rejection. In conclusion, interpersonal rejection plays a total or partial mediation role between dark personality and marital stability. The current study improves the theoretical framework of the relationship between personality and marital stability and provides practical significance for the maintenance of intimate relationships.

Previous studies revealed the association between personality and relationship outcomes. Our research aimed to explore the concurrent relationship between dark personality traits and marital stability and further explore its mechanism in an actor-partner interdependence mediation model. The present study recruited 260 married couples using Mach-IV and the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale for both self-and partner-ratings of Machiavellianism and psychopathy and chose the interpersonal rejection subscale from the interpersonal cognitive distortions scale as the indicator of interpersonal cognition. Additionally, the marital instability scale (short form) was used to measure marital stability. Results showed that self-and partner-rating of Machiavellianism and psychopathy had both direct and indirect actor-partner effects on marital stability. Furthermore, dark personality by partner-rating is more likely to affect marital stability by the partial mediation of interpersonal rejection. In conclusion, interpersonal rejection plays a total or partial mediation role between dark personality and marital stability. The current study improves the theoretical framework of the relationship between personality and marital stability and provides practical significance for the maintenance of intimate relationships.

EVOC (for EVOlution of Culture) is a computer model of culture that enables us to investigate how various factors such as barriers to cultural diffusion, the presence and choice of leaders, or changes in the ratio of innovation to imitation affect the diversity and effectiveness of ideas. It consists of neural network based agents that invent ideas for actions, and imitate neighbors' actions. The model is based on a theory of culture according to which what evolves through culture is not memes or artifacts, but the internal models of the world that give rise to them, and they evolve not through a Darwinian process of competitive exclusion but a Lamarckian process involving exchange of innovation protocols. EVOC shows an increase in mean fitness of actions over time, and an increase and then decrease in the diversity of actions. Diversity of actions is positively correlated with population size and density, and with barriers between populations. Slowly eroding borders increase fitness without sacrificing diversity by fostering specialization followed by sharing of fit actions. Introducing a leader that broadcasts its actions throughout the population increases the fitness of actions but reduces diversity of actions. Increasing the number of leaders reduces this effect. Efforts are underway to simulate the conditions under which an agent immigrating from one culture to another contributes new ideas while still 'fitting in'.

Wrocław Psychology: People and Ideas

Fragments of the Publisher's Review
The monograph “Wrocław Psychology: People and Ideas” is a comprehensive study that thoroughly presents the development of psychology at the University of Wrocław. Thanks to the interdisciplinary approach of editors Jolanta Kowal and Kiriakos Chatzipentidis, along with the team of authors, the history, profiles of prominent psychologists, and their contributions to various scientific subdisciplines have been showcased.

Structure and Scope
The publication is divided into seven chapters, covering a wide thematic spectrum – from historical roots, through clinical, social, and work psychology, to interdisciplinarity.

The book is distinguished by:

Interdisciplinarity: Highlights the connections between psychology and other fields, such as philosophy or neuropsychology.

Historical Context: Shows the evolution of science, from philosophical foundations to contemporary achievements.

Breadth of Analysis: Addresses both methodological issues and practical applications.

Summary
The monograph “Wrocław Psychology: People and Ideas” is a valuable source of knowledge for researchers and psychology students, showcasing the rich heritage of the discipline. The publication constitutes an important contribution to the historiography of Polish psychology and serves as an excellent starting point for further research.

Rape is one of the traumatic factors that has pervasive and devastating consequences. Unlike many other major traumatic situations the concept of "rape" is controversial and prone to various myths and gender-related perceptual biases. On the other hand such obscure cultural norms, when combined with necessary personality features, result in rape myths. 72 subjects (37 female and 35 male) with an average age of 20 were given Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Attitudes About Rape Victims Scale. Our results indicate that negative attitudes about rape victims and stereotypic thoughts about rape is closely related to issues like self-esteem and self-continuity as well as gender.

Following important work by Pizarro, Uhlmann and Salovey (2003) on moral judgments of uncontrolled/impulsive versus controlled/ deliberate action, we focus on the related issue of the moral evaluation of emotion-motivated versus principle-driven behavior. We examine: (a) the potential lesser blameworthiness of antisocial acts perceived as driven by emotion as opposed to principle; (b) how factors governing the moral evaluation of antisocial acts might extend to the evaluation of prosocial acts; and (c) how overriding a moral emotion in favor of a moral principle affects moral attributions.

four studies show that people distinguish between two sorts of moral virtues: core goodness traits that unconditionally enhance the morality of any agent, and value commitment traits that are conditionally good (i.e., that polarize the morality of good and bad agents). study 1 revealed that commitment traits (e.g., dedicated) amplify the badness of a bad agent (terrorist), whereas core goodness traits (e.g., kind) amplify the goodness of the bad agent. study 2 replicated these results while also showing that both commitment and core goodness traits enhance the perceived goodness of neutral and good agents. studies 2-4 established that commitment traits polarize moral evaluations by signaling agents' commitment to certain values, rather than their agency or effectiveness in pursuing those values. These results extend current understanding of the perceived structure of moral character. Most people would judge a suicide bomber to be the appropriate target of severe moral condemnation. But, how would they judge him if he also happened to be generally trustworthy and honest? Would they judge him, overall, to be just a little better in this case? Perhaps. But, what about if he also happened to be courageous and dedicated? In this case, it seems much less likely that the suicide bomber would be judged more positively; if anything he is likely to be judged more

. The literature review brings us closer to understanding, it is of utmost importance for the construction and analysis of knowledge. The approach to these points arises from the vision of general science and is specifically directed to gerontology, which is a vehicle to transit through the objectives set out here. It is interesting to elucidate the construction of the origin of gerontology itself, not only as an etymological element but also from the formation of the discourse that gave rise to what would become the field of knowledge that it is today. The review of scientific literature allows us to recognize the importance and value of gerontology and, above all, its field of application, its contributions to the knowledge of older people seen, for example, from the life cycle. It allows those interested in the field raised here to recognize the double reading of old age, one from the biological sciences, the other from those of a social nature. When going through the intricate points of life, it does not seem strange to recognize the critical moments of the aging process, which constitutes a substantive part of the stages of life to ultimately become a matter for everyone, but not always understood in its entirety. In conclusion, it is possible to conclude on the obvious need to continue analyzing and constructing not only the necessary discourses but also the epistemological and philosophical principles of the study of old age and aging, understanding that gerontology is constituted not as a science in its own right but as a crucible that enriches a dynamic and inexhaustible scientific discipline.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan kata-kata kasar antara independent self-construal dengan interdependent self-construal pada gamer Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB). Hipotesis penelitian ini yaitu ada perbedaan penggunaan katakata kasar antara independent self-construal dengan interdependent self-construal pada gamer Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB). Subjek penelitian sebanyak 20 orang dan untuk uji coba sebanyak 56 orang. Manipulasi self-construal dilakukan dengan metode priming melalui skenario diikuti manipulation check menggunakan skala Singelis (1994), dan lembar observasi berisi daftar kata-kata kasar berdasarkan Jay (2009) dan . Analisis data menggunakan uji beda Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan penggunaan kata-kata kasar antara kedua self-construal pada gamer Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB), namun perbedaan ditemukan pada durasi waktu bermain per minggu. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi untuk memahami lebih jauh mengenai self-construal dan penggunaan kata-kata kasar.

This paper aims to explore conflict as a process that includes antecedents, management strategy, and outcomes while examining the role of affective states in an elementary school working environment. After a theoretical overview and systematization of the conflict elements, a questionnaire was developed that satisfies internal reliability and construct validity. Conflicts at the workplace were modeled with Bayesian SEM, and the results point out the prominent role of affective states in conflicts. Findings confirmed that (1) affective states affect the conflict management strategy choice; (2) different conflict management strategies lead to different conflict consequences; and (3) different affective states lead to differently perceived conflict consequences/outcomes. In addition, we conclude that conflicts with dominantly positive and negative affective states behave structurally differently. The revealed role of affective states facilitates future intervention possibilities in edu...