Body dissatisfaction and commitment to train as a competitive bodybuilder

PLOS ONE

It is unknown whether male body dissatisfaction is related to anxiety and depression. This study investigates whether there is an association between body dissatisfaction and selfreported anxiety and/or depression in otherwise healthy adult males.

World Applied Sciences Journal, 2013

The interaction between physical and mental dimensions is necessary to survive. The purpose of the present study was to examine body dissatisfaction and the mental health of competitive and recreational male bodybuilders. The sample composed of 97 bodybuilders (46 competitive, 51 recreational ones), aged 21 to 34 years old, selected randomly from Tehran gymnasia. It was ex-post facto research. Mental health was assessed by GHQ-28 and body dissatisfaction was evaluated by FRS. Results showed that there was a significant difference between competitive and recreational male bodybuilders in social dysfunction. Recreational male bodybuilders had better performance in social function. However, there was no significant difference in other dimensions of mental health (p<0.05). BMI predicted body dissatisfaction significantly in the group of recreational. However, age, body weight, and marital status did not predict body dissatisfaction significantly in both groups of competitive and recreational (p>0.05). Moreover, BMI did not predict body dissatisfaction significantly in the group of competitive.

International Journal of Social Sciences, 2020

In the light of Self-Discrepancy Theory (SDT) and prevalence of body dissatisfaction in the Pakistani culture, the current correlational survey-based research design was aimed to explore the relationship between body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety among adult males and females. The hypotheses of the study were: (a) there will be a significant relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and depression (b) there will be a significant difference in the level of body dissatisfaction between male and female adults. For this purpose, 343 unmarried young adults (Male n=168 & Female n=175), age ranging from 16-30 years (M=22.07, SD=3.07) were recruited. The Body Dissatisfaction Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were administered on the participants. The results revealed a significant positive correlation (p < .01) between body dissatisfaction depression (r=0.27) and anxiety (r=0.32) however, the relationship with depression was weak while the moderate relationship was found with anxiety. Additionally, anxiety was found to be a positive predictor of body dissatisfaction. There was further a significant difference (p < .01) exhibited in the level of body dissatisfaction in males and females, where females had a higher level of body dissatisfaction as compared to males. Moreover, a significant difference (p<.01) which signifies that females were more depressed than males. The current research has important implications for training programs, counseling, and psychotherapy.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2018

Interaction of physical and mental dimensions is necessary to survive. The purpose of present study was to examine body dissatisfaction and mental health of competitive and recreational male bodybuilders. The sample composed of 97 bodybuilders (46 competitive, 51 recreational ones), aged 21 to 34 years old, selected randomly from Tehran gymnasia. It was ex-post facto research. Mental health was assessed by GHQ-28 and body dissatisfaction was evaluated by FRS. Results showed that there was significant difference between competitive and recreational male bodybuilders in social dysfunction. Recreational male bodybuilders had better performance in social function. However, there was not significant difference in other dimensions of mental health (p<0.05). BMI predicted body dissatisfaction significantly in group of recreational. However, age, body weight and marital status did not predict body dissatisfaction significantly in both groups of competitive and recreational (p>0.05). Moreover, BMI did not predict body dissatisfaction significantly in group of competitive.

Background: Even though muscularity dissatisfaction has important health and psychological implications, the co-occurrence of body dissatisfaction and muscularity dissatisfaction in men's body image disturbances and disordered eating is not well established. Furthermore, men's body image disturbances are associated with depression and low levels of self-esteem. The aim of the present study is to identify a typology of young men based on levels of muscularity dissatisfaction, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem, and to explore differences between cluster groups according to levels of depression and media influences. Methods: Participants completed a figure-rating scale to assess dissatisfaction with muscularity and self-report questionnaires assessing body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, media influences, and disordered eating. All variable values were centered. Results: The sample consisted of 328 normal-weight French men (mean age 21.9; SD = 2.4). Cluster analyses yielded three groups characterized by high levels of muscularity dissatisfaction and intermediate levels of body dissatisfaction and self-esteem for Cluster 1 by low levels of muscularity dissatisfaction and body dissatisfaction and high levels of self-esteem for Cluster 2, and by high levels of muscularity dissatisfaction and body dissatisfaction and low levels of self-esteem for Cluster 3. Cluster 3 had the highest levels of depressive symptoms and a significant rate of disordered eating. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with muscle mass and body dissatisfaction may co-occur in a significant minority of young men, and this association can lead to a greater risk for depression and disordered eating. These results may have implications in the understanding and prevention of men's body image disturbances, knowing that normal-weight men are usually considered a low-risk group for body image disturbances.

This assignment is an exploratory small literature review, which aims to investigate the association between body dissatisfaction, body image disturbance, muscle dysmorphia and disordered eating behaviour. Social Cognitive theory (SCT) and Social Comparison theory have been used as background knowledge to explain some of the ways that behaviour develops. It helps to elucidate the occurrence and interrelation of body dissatisfaction, body image disturbance, the phenomenon called muscle dysmorphia and the connection to disordered eating behaviour. Thus, the research question for this assignment became " How is Body Image Disturbance created and how is it related to Body Dissatisfaction, Muscle Dysmorphia and Disordered Eating behaviour? " Five papers were included in the results section and the key findings of the review were that exercise reasons, volume, and type, degree of self-objectification and social comparison, sociocultural attitude towards appearance, and parental influence all contribute to the development of body dissatisfaction, BIDs and disordered eating behaviour. These disorders show a pattern of going hand in hand but with mediating variables, which can influence the outcome.

Psihijatrija danas, 2015

Background and purpose: Body image dissatisfaction has recently been described as ‘normative’ for both men and women. Despite intense theoretical interest in a multidimensional concept of male body image, comprehensive models have rarely been assessed empirically. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the relationship between body image and self-esteem among men in a multivariate model. Methods: Participants of this cross-sectional questionnaire study were 239 male university students (mean age: 20.3 years, SD=2.78 years, range: 18–39 years). Measures: self-reported anthropometric data, weightlifting activity, importance of appearance, perceived weight status, satisfaction with body height, Body Shape Questionnaire – Short form, Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that after controlling for age, BMI, weightlifting activity, the importance of appearance, and trait anxiety, only muscle dissatisfaction...

International journal of Indian psychology, 2021

The aim of the present study was to find the relationship between perceived body image dissatisfaction (PBID) and all psychological well-being measures i.e., Self Esteem, Anxiety and Depression in the age group of 15-25 years. Assessment tools used were The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), The Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Body Satisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ), and Body Mass Index. All psychological well-being measures were seen as significantly associated with all proportions of PBID. Self-esteem was found to be negatively correlated with PBID. Depression scores were found to have a strong positive correlation with PBID. Anxiety and abnormal eating behavior were seen to have a moderate positive correlation with PBID. Males were found to have higher level of self-esteem and lower levels of depression and anxiety than females. Females reported larger body image dissatisfaction as compared to males.

Eating Behaviors, 2014

Body dissatisfaction (BD) is a primary determinant of eating disorders and has been linked to chronic disease via decreased likelihood of cancer screening self-exams and smoking cessation. Yet, there are few recent estimates of the prevalence of BD among United States adults. Using an internet-based, opt-in, cross-sectional survey, United States adults (N = 1893) completed assessments of demographic variables, body areas satisfaction, appearance evaluation, fitness evaluation, health evaluation, and overweight preoccupation. Results revealed that the range of BD is 13.4%-31.8% among women and 9.0%-28.4% among men. Compared to previous assessments of prevalence (1973, 1986, 1995, 1997), the prevalence of BD among United States adults may have plateaued or declined over time.

Behaviour Change, 2008

This study aimed to examine the critical roles of exercising and body image satisfaction on social physique anxiety (SPA) among female university students. For this aim, 118 female university students, 58 of whom exercised regularly, participated in the study. The Social Physique Anxiety Scale, Eating Attitudes Test, and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale were administered to the participants; their dieting habits were also investigated. Results revealed that approximately half of the participants used at least one unhealthy weight control method in the past 6 months. An analysis of covariance indicated that, after controlling for the effects of abnormal eating behavior, participants who were dissatisfied with their body image and did not participate in a regular exercise activity experienced higher social physique anxiety. However, such a tendency was not found for social anxiety. Thus, these characteristics seem to be specific to social physique anxiety. It was concluded that individu...