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2006, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
Purpose: To examine the effects of a theory-driven tobacco prevention program in sixth-grade children with a family tobacco cessation component implemented by school nurses in conjunction with the initiation of a statewide toll-free Quit Line.
American Journal of Health Behavior, 2002
Preventive Medicine, 2008
Background. Research evidence addressing effectiveness of tobacco use prevention interventions has accumulated since the 1970s. Systematic reviews 1985-2006 were considered, building on previous syntheses and spanning tobacco control and prevention efforts to date. Practitioners' experience was drawn upon to supplement research evidence.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2013
on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force † Description: Update of the 2003 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on primary care interventions to prevent tobacco use in children and adolescents. Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of primary care interventions on the rates of initiation or cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents and on health outcomes, such as respiratory health, dental and oral health, and adult smoking. The USPSTF also reviewed the evidence on the potential harms of these interventions. Population: This recommendation applies to school-aged children and adolescents. The USPSTF has issued a separate recommendation statement on tobacco use counseling in adults and pregnant women. Recommendation: The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use in school-aged children and adolescents.
2003
The purpose of this study is 1) to describe tobacco cessation services offered by American secondary schools, and 2) to examine the relationship between cessation services and adolescent smokers; frequency of cigarette use. Self-administered questionnaires were completed in 2001 and 2002 by national samples of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students and their school administrators. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine the association between school cessation services and frequency of smoking. A majority of schools do not offer any cessation services at present. High school and larger schools were more likely than middle schools or smaller schools to offer at least one cessation service Among 8th grade smokers, frequency of cigarette use was significantly lower in schools with stronger cessation service contexts. Among 10th and 12th grade smokers, the relationship was not significant. School cessation services may have beneficial effects on adolescent smokers, particularly when addresses at an earlier grade level. (Contains 23 references and 3 tables.) (Author)
Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 2002
This paper reviews recent research on adolescent smoking initiation and youth tobacco prevention and control strategies. Gender, ethnicity, family factors, and genetics are associated with smoking initiation and adolescent tobacco use. Evidence indicates that comprehensive tobacco control programs are an effective strategy for reducing adolescent smoking, and even modest gains from prevention and cessation efforts could lead to substantial reductions in the morbidity and mortality costs of smoking. Clinicians have an important role in prevention and treatment of tobacco use in adolescents, and the rate of delivery of clinical preventive services in this area should be increased. Consequently, clinicians working with adolescents should be familiar with established guidelines regarding tobacco use prevention and treatment and use general outpatient office visits as an important opportunity to prevent tobacco use.
Pediatrics, 2013
OBJECTIVE: To test whether routine pediatric outpatient practice can be transformed to assist parents in quitting smoking. METHODS: Cluster RCT of 20 pediatric practices in 16 states that received either CEASE intervention or usual care. The intervention gave practices training and materials to change their care delivery systems to provide evidence-based assistance to parents who smoke. This assistance included motivational messaging; proactive referral to quitlines; and pharmacologic treatment of tobacco dependence. The primary outcome, assessed at an exit interview after an office visit, was provision of meaningful tobacco control assistance, defined as counseling beyond simple advice (discussing various strategies to quit smoking), prescription of medication, or referral to the state quitline, at that office visit. RESULTS: Among 18 607 parents screened after their child’s office visit between June 2009 and March 2011, 3228 were eligible smokers and 1980 enrolled (999 in 10 inter...
California Journal of Health Promotion, 2007
Tobacco use is a major public health problem in our society. Tobacco addiction begins in adolescence and majority of smokers start using tobacco in the age group between 11-13 years. There are a number of tobacco prevention strategies targeted towards the youth such as ...
Pediatrics, 2018
There is no safe or risk-free level of tobacco use or tobacco smoke exposure. In this randomized controlled trial, we tested a tobacco control intervention in families and specifically evaluated a tailored cessation intervention for the parents and/or caregivers (Ps/Cs) who were smokers while their children were simultaneously enrolled in tobacco prevention. Ps/Cs and children were recruited from 14 elementary schools across rural and urban settings. Approximately one-fourth (24.3%; = 110) of the total Ps/Cs enrolled in the randomized controlled trial ( = 453) were smokers, predominantly women (80.9%), with a mean age of 37.7 years. (SD 12.2); 62.7% were African American, 44% had less than a high school education, and 58% earned <$20 000 annually. P/C smokers were offered a tailored cessation intervention in years 1 and 2. Self-report smoking status and saliva cotinine were obtained at baseline, the end of treatment (EOT) and/or year 2, and in the year 4 follow-up. Ps/Cs in the i...
Journal of School Health, 1999
Despite introduction of numerous .smoking prevention programs in schools, tobacco use has not declined among udolescents. Schools,face the dilemma of what to do with students who smoke and are not ready to quit. This study evaluated two progrums based on the stages of change model. The educational program, the Tobacco Education Group (TEG), was designed for adolescents not yet thinking about quitting. The cessation program, the Tobacco Awareness Program (TAP), was intended for adolescents who want to quit. Evuluation was completed on 351 students at six public high schools. Compared to a control group of adolescent smokers not assigned to programs, both intervention groups significantly decreased tobacco use. Self-reported use was validated biochemi. cally. Self-eflcacy for quitting increased in both programs. Posttest use was predicted by posttest self-eficacy, peer support, und parental support, after controlling for initial use and initial self-efficacy. (J Sch Health. 1999;69 obacco use constitutes the most preventable cause of
Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 2008
PEDIATRICS, 2014
WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Parental smoking cessation helps eliminate children' s exposure to tobacco smoke. A child' s visit to the doctor provides a teachable moment for parental smoking cessation. Effective strategies to help parents quit smoking are available for implementation.
Journal of School Health, 1998
The longitudinal studv compared effects of vaving amounts of tobacco instruction (one, two. and three years) on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of urban elementar?, students. A three-year, fourth-through-sixth grade tobacco prevention curriculum was developed based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction. The curriculum comprisedfive, 45-minute lessons per year. The same trained instructor taught the curriculum all three years. Six intervention schools were taught the curriculum, and two control schools were not. A 49-item questionnaire was used to assess tobacco knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. The experimental group's posttest knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher than the control group's posttest scores. No significant differences occurred in posttest behavioral intention scores between the control and intervention groups.
Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2004
This paper presents the Project EX research program. The historical background for Project EX is presented, including a brief summary of reasons youth fail to quit tobacco use, the disappointing status of previous cessation research, and the teen cessation trial that provided the template for the current project (Project TNT). Next, program development studies for Project EX are described. Through use of focus groups, a theme study (concept evaluation of written activity descriptions), a component study, and pilot studies, an eight-session program was developed. This program involves novel activities (e.g., "talk show enactments," games, and alternative medicine-type activities such as yoga and meditation) in combination with motivation enhancement and cognitive-behavioral strategies to motivate and instruct in cessation initiation and maintenance efforts. The outcomes of the first experimental trial of Project EX, a school-based clinic program, are described, followed by a posthoc analysis of its effects mediation. A second EX study, a multiple baseline single group pilot study design in Wuhan, China, is described next. Description of a second experimental trial follows, which tested EX with nicotine gum versus a natural herb. A third experimental trial that tests a classroom prevention/cessation version of EX is then introduced. Finally, the implications of this work are discussed. The intent-to-treat quit rate for Project EX is approximately 15% across studies, double that of a standard care comparison. Effects last up to a six-month post-program at regular and alternative high schools. Through a systematic protocol of empirical program development and field trials, an effective and replicable model teen tobacco use cessation program is established. Future cessation work might expand on this work.
2006
OBJECTIVES The RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center (RTI-UNC EPC) systematically reviewed the evidence on (a) the effectiveness of community- and population-based interventions to prevent tobacco use and to increase consumer demand for and implementation of effective cessation interventions; (b) the impacts of smokeless tobacco marketing on smoking, use of those products, and population harm; and (c) the directions for future research. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Applied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane libraries, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, Psychological Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts from January 1980 through June 10, 2005. We included English-language randomized controlled trials, other trials, and observational studies, with sample size and follow-up restrictions. We used 13 Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews, 5 prior systematic reviews, and 2 meta-analyses as the foundati...
Pediatrics, 2005
Parental tobacco use is a serious health issue for all family members. Child health care clinicians are in a unique and important position to address parental smoking because of the regular, multiple contacts with parents and the harmful health consequences to their patients. This article synthesizes the current evidence-based interventions for treatment of adults and applies them to the problem of addressing parental smoking in the context of the child health care setting. Brief interventions are effective, and complementary strategies such as quitlines will improve the chances of parental smoking cessation. Adopting the 5 A’s framework strategy (ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange) gives each parent the maximum chance of quitting. Within this framework, specific recommendations are made for child health care settings and clinicians. Ongoing research will help determine how best to implement parental smoking-cessation strategies more widely in a variety of child health care se...
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2003
Smoking remains the most common preventable cause of death in the developed world, and is rapidly becoming an important cause of death in the developing world. Nicotine is a powerfully addictive substance, and the tobacco industry spends billions annually promoting it in the United States. It is therefore important for clinicians to understand why people smoke, to address smoking in patients of all ages, and to lobby for healthpreserving tobacco control policies at the community level. Children take up smoking in response to social influences: smoking by friends, parents, and family, and through exposure to smoking in media. Parents who smoke not only model the behavior, but also often make the product available by leaving cigarettes around the house. Media influences include the $10 billion spent per year on tobacco marketing, but more importantly, the modeling of the behavior on screen by movie and television stars. Once children start smoking, many rapidly lose autonomy over the behavior. Youth can get hooked after smoking just a few cigarettes.
American Journal of Public Health, 2007
Objectives. We collected data on a national sample of existing communitybased tobacco cessation programs for youths to understand their prevalence and overall characteristics.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1999
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2013
Background: Interventions to prevent smoking uptake or encourage cessation among young persons might help prevent tobaccorelated illness.
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