Telecommunications Engineering

With more than a decade of development led by the IETF, and a plethora of devices and software systems speaking its dialect, SIP together with its related standards has grown in size and scale, raising concerns over interoperability. In this paper, we explore SIP interoperability (or lack thereof) by proposing systematic methodologies for identifying and analyzing the basic-level protocol interoperability issues that plague SIP usage in the real-world. We also dissect and describe a few of the commonly observed SIP interoperability issues and their implications. Our test results clearly indicate that even the basic- level of SIP interoperability is far from ideal.

LTE networks are commonplace nowadays; however, comparatively little is known about where (and why) they are deployed, and the demand they serve. We shed some light on these issues through large-scale, crowd-sourced measurement. Our data, collected by users of the WeFi app, spans multiple operators and multiple cities, allowing us to observe a wide variety of deployment patterns. Surprisingly, we find that LTE is frequently used to improve the coverage of network rather than the capacity thereof, and that no evidence shows that video traffic be a primary driver for its deployment. Our insights suggest that such factors as pre-existing networks and commercial policies have a deeper impact on deployment decisions than purely technical considerations.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

The views and opinions expressed in this transactions are strictly those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of Western Michigan University or any recognized university organizations. Comments on the contents of this document should be directed to the author(s) and editor. 6 care quality assessment, decision support, and the exchange of health information for patients served by multiple health care providers. Berryman, Yost, Dunn, and Edwards investigate the complexity and security issues related to health information systems interoperability and potential challenges in this area. Lastly, D. O'Toole, S. O'Toole, and Steely look into the implementation of Michigan Health Information Network (MiHIN) by comparing it with what have been done by other states. Their study provides a solid understanding about how these statewide networks could be connected to create a nationwide health information network. Health Information Security and Regulation. Security and privacy are two critical concerns in information sharing, and it is even more true for health care information sharing than others. Three research papers have addressed issues in this area. Pendergrass, Ranganathan, Heart, and Venkatakrishnan focused the study of using a "Threat Table -Based" approach to resolving the security concerns imposed by telemedicine. Schymik and Shoemaker argue that a well-established standard approach can be easily adapted to achieve Federal Compliance to satisfy all legal and regulatory requirements for protection of patient information in health organizations. Future challenges to the use of mobile technologies and their associated application security issues are presented in Rea's study. Health Care Management and Administration. Efficiency in health care services delivery and administration has long been recognized as one possible area for improvement. Three papers are found in this area. Cure provides an overview of how in-patient work flow scheduling can be optimized by a mathematical model. Gau, France, Moutinho, Smith, and Wang propose a predictive model to assist insurance agents in dealing with risks and uncertainties that are to be faced by all insurers in the post-reform marketplace. The third paper by Islam investigates potential cost savings through a state policy change in promoting the reimbursement for generic prescription substitution for name brand medicine. Health Information Technology Quality Assessment and Medical Services Delivery. Meaningful use of HIT for health services is key to the success of health care reform. There are three papers fall into this category. Dohan and Tan present theoretical and methodological challenges in evaluating personal eHealth tools that are used for disease symptom tracking. Targowski's paper addresses the principles of good health in the U.S. Findings show the state of health care of the Americans is in a state that is not appropriate for sustainability. Fisher's research opens up an interesting debate on "how health care shall be covered -by either a governmentcentered or a patient-centered model," in which more issues than answers are provided. Health Information Technology in Medical Practice. Three real-world medical practices are investigated. Lavariega, Córdova, Gómez, and Avila reported rural maternity-infant care by using mobile devices and wireless sensors such as ECG (electrocardiogram). Alaiad, Zhou, and Koru study the key factors that influence the adoption of health care robots in a homecare facility. Finally, Pinto-Valverde, Pérez-Guardado, Gomez-Martinez, Corrales-Estrada, and Lavariega-Jarquín developed an evaluation model to measure Data Quality based on maturity and it is currently under testing in a healthcare cluster in Mexico. Compared to the research outcomes in ICHITA-2011, there is an obvious improvement in both quality and quantity of papers reported herein. We do want to direct our thanks to all paper reviewers (see Page 208) for your tireless efforts in reviewing papers. Without your time and professional critiques, it will never be possible for us to complete this volume of intellectual discoveries to be shared by readers who will carry on the research work to benefit the health care reform.

A prototype application for a communication network between the controller and the sensors in a laboratory plant for teaching purposes using the controller area network (CAN) standard is discussed in detail in this paper. The basis of the CAN digital communication system is revised and results are presented of the designed experiment, carried out by the students, to control the tank level. It is concluded that the introduction of modern communication technology in teaching process control as part of the electrical engineering curriculum is feasible.

Eleven months ago I embarked onto conducting this thesis work with a motivation to contribute my knowledge towards the future of the cars. It has been a commendable journey ever since then. This thesis document is the fulfillment of the thesis project concerning my master study. The underlying study and work would have been impossible to complete without receiving support and help in many different ways. I would like to start with conveying my sincerest gratitude towards my advisor Prof. DSc. Alexander Yarovoy for giving me the opportunity to be a part of such a potential thesis topic and give me a place in the Microwave Sensing, Signals and Systems Group. I want to extend sincerest credits and gratitude to my daily supervisor Dr. Faruk Uysal for his scientific and technical guidance and for showing continued confidence in my skills along with being a good mentor. I also want to thank my second supervisor Dr. Arjan van Genderen for his constant feedbacks relating to computer engineering concepts. I would also like to acknowledge Ir. Pascal Aubry for supporting me extensively with issues relating with MAT-LAB. Besides, I also thank Mr.René Geraets from NXP for providing me with all the technical information throughout the thesis work. It was delightful to be able to work in the friendly, supportive, and productive atmosphere of the Microwave Sensing, Signals and Systems Group. I warmly thank all of my fellow department students from whom I learned many concepts concerning my thesis, receive important feed-backs and shared countless cups of coffee and laughs. I thank all my well wishers for being there for me time to time. I am hugely indebted to the Bechan family and friends for all their love, affection and homely warmth. Studying at the Technical University of Delft has been truly a pleasure. The institution has offered me of all the help and support required in times of crisis and will never be forgotten. In the end, I express all my sublime gratitude to Abbu, Maa and Tahmiah for all the encouragement, friendly support, philosophy, wishes, and belief. Above all, I thank Almighty for making all this possible for me.

The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the antenna is over 6 dB.

This investigation focuses on developing a new design insight into the cross-polar fields of a probe-fed microstrip patch antenna. Rectangular microstrip geometry has been considered for the present studies. A conjectureis discussed based on some interesting results and observations. This finally leads to developing atheoretical model. This supports our claim and should help in advancing the feed design in order to minimizing the cross-polar radiations. A set of prototypes have been fabricated in order to validating the model experimentally.

У статті розглядається приклад розробки системи управління блоком багатоканального АЦП, призначеного для реалізації режиму ідентичного перетворення інформації в процесі обробки радіолокаційних даних.In article the example of system engineering of management by the block multichannel ADC is considered. He is intended for realization of a mode of identity of the information transformation in the course of processing of the radar data

Satellite is going to play an important role in the global information infrastructure. Satellite can provide direct to home Internet service (i.e. DirecPC from Hughes Network System) and it can also serve as traffic trunk in the middle of the network. About 98 percent of the Internet traffic is TCP traffic. TCP works well in the terrestrial fiber network. However, in the satellite hybrid networks, because of the long propagation delay, large bandwidth-delay product, high bit error rate and downstream/upstream bandwidth asymmetry, TCP performance degrades dramatically. This paper addresses the problems of TCP in satellite data networks and reviews the proposed solutions in the literature. For each solution, the advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. In addition, extensive simulations have been done for the proxy based scheme currently used in the industry to find out how and to what extent the enhancements, such as connection splitting, window scaling and selective acknowledgement, benefit the TCP throughput.

The distributions of ratios of random variables are of interest in many areas of the sciences. In this brief paper, we present the joint probability density function (PDF) and PDF of maximum of ratiosμ1=R1/r1andμ2=R2/r2for the cases whereR1,R2,r1, andr2are Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m, and Weibull distributed random variables. Random variablesR1andR2, as well as random variablesr1andr2, are correlated. Ascertaining on the suitability of the Weibull distribution to describe fading in both indoor and outdoor environments, special attention is dedicated to the case of Weibull random variables. For this case, analytical expressions for the joint PDF, PDF of maximum, PDF of minimum, and product moments of arbitrary number of ratiosμi=Ri/ri,i=1,…,Lare obtained. Random variables in numerator,Ri, as well as random variables in denominator,ri, are exponentially correlated. To the best of the authors' knowledge, analytical expressions for the PDF of minimum and product moments of{μi}i=1La...

The Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) is a fundamental building block in Mixed Signal design. Two stage Op-Amp is one of the most commonly used Op-Amp architectures. In this paper an operational amplifier by CMOS is presented whose input depends on bias current which is 30uA and designed using 1 um technology. In sub-threshold region due to unique behaviour of the MOS transistors not only allows a designer to work at low voltage and also at low input bias current. Most CMOS Op-Amps are designed for specific on-chip applications and are only required to drive capacitive loads of a few pf. In this paper design of a two stage fully differential CMOS operational amplifier is presented. The proposed two stage op amp produces gain of 80 dB. Comparator designed from CMOS Op-Amp is also discussed.

of the thesis presented by Juan Carlos Gonzalez Islas as a partial requirement to obtain the MASTER OF SCIENCE degree in ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS with orientation in TELECOMMUNICATIONS. Ensenada, Baja California, México, August 2009. STEERING PATTERN NULLING FOR THE CANCELATION OF INTERFERENCES USING BEES ALGORITHM The use of antenna arrays at the base station of a cellular mobile communications system increases considerably the capability of attending users. Evolution and trends in the study of antenna arrays focuses in pattern synthesis, which allows null steering in predefined directions while receiving the desired signal. Under the concept of cancelation of interference and optimization of the main beam, there are several analytical techniques that achieve those objectives, but there isn’t one that accomplishes with the proposed multi-objective optimization, therefore it becomes necessary to use numerical optimization in order to solve problems of a multimodal, multiva...

Abstract—We propose a new energy efficient method of designing switch blocks inside FPGAs using novel variations of the Dual Threshold CMOS (DTMOS) based switches instead of the conventional NMOS pass transistor or tri-state buffer based switches. By intelligently sharing the extra transistor needed for using DTMOS based switches, the area overhead is kept to a minimum. Sleep transistors are used to reduce sub-threshold leakage. Using our new, novel design, we obtain a 16% improvement in the power-delay product during the active mode per switch and a factor of 20 improvement in the stand-by mode, over conventional approaches. Extensive simulation results over benchmark circuits in CMOS 0.13µ are presented to illustrate the superiority of the proposed techniques. Since the proposed techniques target the switches and multiplexers which are present in large numbers on FPGAs, the overall improvement in the power-delay product is significant for an application implemented on a FPGA havin...

This paper presents a new distributed video game streaming system. Newly developed streaming protocols and system architectures enable transfer of the game graphics in real-time across the wired/wireless network. Initial tests have shown that the Games@ Large system is capable of running video games of different genres, also including First Person Shooter games that are very popular and usually highly interactive and demanding for high end device performance. Further, the experiments prove that a Games ...

The main problem of the high resolution ADC testing within the frequency range hundreds of kHz to several MHz is the spectral purity of a testing signal. Commercially produced lowdistortion generators have the spectral purity sufficient for testing of 16 bits ADCs only up to frequencies of tens of kHz; at higher frequencies the spectral purity of generators is generally worse. Some improvement can bring signal filtering. However, most of the LC filters use coils with ferromagnetic cores for the frequency range up to several hundreds of kHz, which can cause a rise of odd harmonic components. Nevertheless, these components can be measured and subtracted from the spectrum calculated from ADC output data. In the ideal case, only the frequency spectrum corresponding to the ADC non-linearity remains. An ADC measurement system was designed and built for the verification of this method in the frequency range 200 kHz to 1 MHz. The practical experience of its application is described in this paper.

Кафедра гидроэнергетики, гидроэлектростанций, электроэнергетических систем и электрических сетей кафедра УТВЕРЖДАЮ Заведующий кафедрой ______ _____________ подпись. инициалы, фамилия «____» ________ 2021 г. БАКАЛАВРСКАЯ РАБОТА 13.03.02 -Электроэнергетика и электротехника код -наименование направления ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ ЧАРЫШСКОЙ ГЭС НА РЕКЕ ЧАРЫШ. ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИМ МАСЛАМ, СПОСОБЫ КОНТРОЛЯ, ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ. СХЕМЫ МАСЛОХОЗЯЙСТВА ГЭС. ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИМПОРТНЫХ МАСЕЛ тема Руководитель ___________ доцент кафедры ГГЭЭС В.И. Татарников подпись, дата должность инициалы, фамилия Выпускник ___________ С.Д. Петрик подпись, дата инициалы, фамилия Саяногорск; Черемушки 2021

La surveillance de l’environnement sous-marin nécessite le déploiement de capteurs et d’infrastructures dédiées dont le coût et l’impact sur la faune et la flore doivent être réduits. L’application cible vise des zones géographiques inférieures à 1km2 dans lesquelles les transmissions de flux vidéo et de mesures, prélevés par des capteurs immergés, doivent être réalisées sans-fil sur des distances supérieures à 10m avec un débit minimum de 80kbps pour des puissances d’émission d’une dizaine de Watts. Une étude comparative des méthodes de communication acoustiques, optiques et électromagnétiques en eau de mer est présentée. Cette analyse est introduite en définissant un ensemble de critères de performances destinés à évaluer et sélectionner la technique la mieux adaptée aux besoins applicatifs. Les méthodes électromagnétiques, dont les coûts de déploiements et l’impact environnemental sont minimaux, présentent toutefois des limitations de portée pour le débit de données souhaité. La ...

Nowadays computer science is getting more and more involved in agricultural and food science. Various AI and soft computing techniques are used for fruit classification and defect detection to provide better quality product at the consumer end. This article focuses on the advances in automatic fruit classification using soft computing techniques for ten types of fruit viz. apple, dates, blueberries, grapes, peach, pomegranate, watermelon, banana, orange, and mango.

As the majority of faults are found in a few of its modules so there is a need to investigate the modules that are affected severely as compared to other modules and proper maintenance need to be done on time especially for the critical applications. In this paper, we have explored the different predictor models to NASA's public domain defect dataset coded in Perl programming language. Different machine learning algorithms belonging to the different learner categories of the WEKA project including Mamdani Based Fuzzy Inference System and Neuro-fuzzy based system have been evaluated for the modeling of maintenance severity or impact of fault severity. The results are recorded in terms of Accuracy, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The results show that Neuro-fuzzy based model provides relatively better prediction accuracy as compared to other models and hence, can be used for the maintenance severity prediction of the software.

A high speed processor depends greatly on the multiplier as it is one of the key hardware blocks in most digital signal processing systems as well as in general processors. This paper presents a high speed 8-point Vedic multiplier architecture which is quite different from the Conventional method of multiplication like add and shift. The most significant aspect of the proposed method is that, the developed multiplier architecture is based on Vertical and Crosswise structure of Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics. It generates all partial products and their sum in one step. This also gives chances for modular design where smaller block can be used to design the bigger one. So the design complexity gets reduced for inputs of larger no of bits and modularity gets increased. The proposed Vedic multiplier is coded in VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language), synthesized and simulated using vivado 14.1 Finally the results are compared with Conventional multipliers to show the significant improvement in its efficiency in terms of path delay (speed). The high speed processor requires high speed multipliers and the Vedic Multiplication technique is very much suitable for this purpose.

This paper reports on the topological effects of three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene with tunable pore sizes and a preserved 2D graphene system of Dirac quasiparticles on its electrical properties. This 3D architecture is characterized by the intrinsic curvature of smoothly interconcnected graphene sheets without edges, the structures and properties of which can be controlled with its pore sizes. The impact of pore size on the electrical transport properties was investigated through magnetoresistance measurements. We observed that 3D graphene with small pores exhibits transitioning to weak localization with decreasing temperature. The comparison with the theory based on the quantum correction clarified that an increase in the intrinsic curvature significantly induces the intervalley scattering event, which breaks the chirality. This increase in the intervalley scattering rate originates from the unique topological effects of 3D graphene, i.e., the topological defects required to ...

The paper intends to contribute to readers' comprehension of the Greek telecommunications market, focusing on the strategic decisions associated with network towersharing analysis in Greece. The Greek telecommunications industry is described for the first time following the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm of Industrial Organisation (IO), as a methodological tool of analysis. In that respect, an SCP model in its extended form is constructed, aiming to examine how structure, conduct, and performance interrelate to each other. More precisely, the SCP model explains how strategic decisions regarding tower infrastructure sharing between 2013-2022 were developed, as a result of a series of interactions and feedback effects, amongst market structure, operators' conducts, and performances, resulting in strengthening competition and reshaping market structure with the entrance of a new player in the Greek mobile market, an independent TowerCo (Athens, Greece) in Greece. International tendencies and competition issues influencing domestic growth potentialities and alternative operators' concentration will be addressed, too. The paper concludes with presenting a basically qualitative, explanatory interpretive analysis of the perspectives of network tower-sharing analysis in the Greek telecommunication industry, including policy recommendations for the near future and thoughts on future research, as well.

This study explores how advanced network management strategies can enhance resource efficiency, ensure high-quality service (QoS), and reduce latency in networks that incorporate varying numbers of slices. The primary goal was to tackle issues such as network congestion and resource allocation, which become more complex as user demand increases. As networks expand, it is essential to manage resources effectively to provide uninterrupted service without sacrificing performance. A key area of focus is network slicing, which involves dividing a network into virtual segments that are customized for different user needs or services. The research specifically examined how increasing the number of slices, from 1 to 50, impacted factors like QoS, resource utilization, and latency. By simulating these scenarios, the study measured key performance indicators such as QoS, resource consumption, and latency at each slice level. The findings revealed that resource utilization improved considerably as the number of slices increased, rising from approximately 0.1 to 0.9 when the slices grew from 1 to 50. This improvement demonstrates the network's scalability and its ability to efficiently allocate resources to accommodate growing demand. While the number of slices increased, QoS remained relatively stable. It started at 95% and decreased to 80% when the number of slices reached 50, which illustrates the network management system's capacity to sustain service quality, even under conditions of heavy congestion. Additionally, latency experienced a substantial reduction, falling from 90 ms with just one slice to 10 ms when there were 50 slices, showcasing the effectiveness of enhanced routing and management strategies. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of advanced network management to address the challenges posed by growing demands while optimizing resource allocation, maintaining high service quality, and minimizing latency. These insights are critical for developing future networks that can efficiently support a wide range of services at scale.

The use of the triple combination of theory, simulation, and experiment is most commonly used to promote better understanding among students. As part of the RF engineers training education program, we have studied to develop an advanced experimental program in which students can experience succeeding trial and error procedures such as design, circuit fabrication, simulation, and measurement. As a result, we expect that it is possible to learn the basis of practicable microwave circuit design procedures in the College of Technology. In this paper, the design theory and production evaluation process are focused on the waveguide inductive and capacitive window.

Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for immunity tests have been presented and the emission levels of electromagnetic disturbances in adjustable speed power drive systems have been determined. The disturbances are divided into two groups: low-frequency (up to 50 harmonics of the power supply system) and high-frequency (above 150 kHz). The lack of legal regulations on permissible disturbance level in the frequency range from 2.5 kHz to 150 kHz has also been mentioned. This range is considered high frequency by the authors. Standarized compatibility levels and sample measured parameters of the electromagnetic environment have also been shown. An exemplary reaction of the drive to the most common disturbances in the power supply system has been presented.

In an increasingly interconnected global economy, businesses often aspire to expand beyond national borders to capture international markets. However, history reveals that several companies, despite achieving significant success domestically, have struggled or failed internationally. This research aims to explore the factors behind such paradoxical outcomes by analyzing case studies of companies that thrived nationally but faltered abroad.
The study identifies critical factors contributing to international failures, including inadequate market research, cultural insensitivity, poor localization of products or services, and regulatory challenges. For example, companies that succeeded nationally often relied on deeply ingrained local consumer behavior, market conditions, or regulatory advantages, which did not translate effectively to foreign markets. Strategic missteps, such as overestimating brand equity or underestimating local competition, also played a pivotal role.
The research highlights examples across industries, including retail, technology, and food & beverage sectors, to draw insights. Companies like Target in Canada and eBay in China illustrate how operational inefficiencies and failure to adapt to local consumer preferences can undermine international ventures.
The study underscores the importance of robust market entry strategies, cultural adaptation, and agile decision-making to succeed globally. It also emphasizes the need for companies to balance global aspirations with their core domestic strengths.
This research aims to provide valuable insights for business leaders, policymakers, and scholars, helping companies better navigate the complexities of international markets and avoid costly missteps in their global expansion efforts.

In order to reduce the wastage and loss of petroleum products in transit, a monitoring and management system is proposed for tank truck transportation. In this system, a vehicle transport recorder is developed to record the operations of inputs and outputs of a tank truck via a kind of Hall Effect switch sensors. Wireless data transceivers are designed to start and stop monitoring in the starting stations and destinations automatically. The information recorded by the vehicle transport recorder is collected by a smart card and then it is transferred to the host management software which is developed to manage the transportation data, alarm messages, devices, archives, etc. The integrated and intelligent system has been implemented and applied to practice, and it reduces the loss of petroleum products during the transportation efficiently.

En el contexto de implantación y aplicación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior se hace necesario disponer de herramientas docentes que faciliten el seguimiento y la orientación personalizada y continuada del proceso de aprendizaje del alumno. En este trabajo se presenta un sistema de evaluación continua automática de prácticas de programación, vía web, basado en la realimentación. De esta manera, la evaluación proporciona información inmediata al alumno de los errores cometidos en las prácticas, permitiendo que puedan ser corregidas y reevaluadas repetidas veces. Este esquema establece un marco de evaluación, donde el alumno puede aumentar su motivación y decidir la nota que desea obtener. Los errores susceptibles de ser identificados automáticamente son de diversos tipos: incumplimiento de especificaciones de interfaz, errores de estilo y de diseño de codificación, errores de funcionalidad, errores graves de ejecución e insuficiencias en las pruebas.

In recent years, the power quality of the AC system has become a great concern due to the rapidly increased numbers of inductive loads, electronic equipment, power electronics and high voltage power system. In order to reduce line losses and improve the transmission efficiency, power factor correction research became a hot topic. Many control methods for the Power Factor Correction (PFC) were proposed. This paper describes the design and development of a three-phase power factor correction using PSoC (Programmable System on Chip) micro-controlling chip. This involves measuring the power factor value from the load using current transformer, potential transformer, and zero crossing detector, and the algorithm will be implemented in PSoC Creator IDE (Integrated Development Environment) to switching on and switching off the capacitors in order to compensate excessive reactive power, thus bringing power factor near to unity.

Satellite operators utilize a two-stations turn around ranging (TAR) system to reduce the ground station measurement system's complexity and cost while having the same or better orbit determination accuracy for communication satellites orbit determination recently. This study investigates two stations' performance, four-way ranging on communication satellite orbit determination, operational conformance, and cost. The observation data sets are collected using traditional single station tracking (SST) and the new method TAR. The computed results using the Monte Carlo method encourage the satellite operators to use a four-way ranging system to observe and measure required data sets. TAR performance is evaluated, taking SST as a reference. The six classical orbital elements (a, e, i, RAAN, AoP, and TA) are compared for large numbers of observation data. The SST and TAR results are very close to each other. The worst-case calculated Euclidian distance between SST and TAR is 1.893 km at the epoch below the 6 km success criteria. The TAR observation method is appropriate to collect data sets for precise orbit determination. This work result indicates that satellite operators should consider deploying TAR stations to collect two-station range data sets and compute the orbit for nominal north-south station-keeping maneuvers (NSSK) and east-west station-keeping (EWSK) maneuver operations. The TAR method is superior to SST in terms of accuracy, operational conformance, and costs.

This paper presents the first results of the OptimaGRID project which focuses on the design of a micro-grid used for industrial area, namely the Tarnos area of the Bayonne harbor. The objective is to size the electrical sources of the micro-grid according with the harbor needs and test its dynamic operation. For these analyses, HOMER® and EUROSTAG® software have been used.

Electricity consumption and production are two of the main causes of energy crisis, global heating and environmental pollution. Many solutions have been introduced to lower electricity consumption. The main ideas to solve the problem include raising awareness, giving live feedback to users and providing some tools for them to control their homes remotely. In this paper, we introduce Q8LCS (Kuwait Lighting Control System) which is a mobile application that enables its users to control their regular home lighting and appliances via mobile phones. Through this application users can check if the lights/appliancesare on or off in each room. Also, users can know if someone is inside the room by motion sensors.In addition, users can switch the lights on or off using their mobile phones.

This paper evaluates advances in machine learning and AI technologies given their innovation and contribution to neural networks for sustainable outcomes. A technology and algorithm review is conducted to point out the differences and innovations in context in comparison with similar studies. The results and discussions section of this study includes implications and areas for future work regarding applications in a cross-sectional context for developed and least developed countries. In this study, a description of the potential algorithms that can be applied for developed countries to optimize their results is presented.

The work described in this report represents the collaborative efforts of integrated-circuit (IC) parts specialists, device physicists, test-chip engineers, and fault-tolerant-circuit designers. Their efforts were focused on developing the technology for obtaining custom ICs from CMOS-bulksilicon foundries using a universal set of layout rules. In pursuit of this goal the technical efforts were guided by the requirement to develop a 3-pm CMOS test chip for the CombinedRelease and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES). This chip contains both analog and digital circuits for characterizing the spaceradiation-induced shifts in CMOS transistor parameters and inverter propagation delays, and for characterizing the single-event-upset (SEU) rates of static randomaccess memories (SRMs).

The change in the atmospheric conditions is an effective factor that affects the free-space optical (FSO) link and the main cause of the attenuation that could lead to a link between the transmitter and the receiver. In this case, a backup RF link can be used to maintain the high availability of the system. This paper investigates the performance of an adaptive hybrid FSO/RF system at different wavelengths for the FSO link and different frequencies for the RF link under the effect of fog, humidity and rain. Both the received power and the bit error rate (BER) are used to evaluate the system performance. A good performance wavelength for the FSO link and frequency for the RF link are chosen to overcome attenuation and ensure that the signal is successfully delivered to the receiver by the optical link in the case of the good atmospheric conditions by the RF link in the case of the bad atmospheric conditions. The obtained results have shown that utilizing the 1550 nm wavelength in the FSO link, the proposed system is enhanced by 49.6% than using 10 GHz in the RF link and the system was able to overcome the channel attenuation and ensure that the signal delivered to the receiver with detectable power, high data rate and low BER.

A new broad-band design of a microstrip line feed rectangular patch antenna with a pair of wide slits are proposed and experimentally studied. The proposed design with an FR4_epoxy substrate, and experimental results show that, simply by inserting a pair of wide slits at one of the radiating edges of the rectangular patch, good impedance matching over a wide bandwidth can easily be achieved for the proposed antenna. With an FR4_epoxy substrate of thickness about 8% of the wavelength of the center operating frequency, the proposed antenna can have an impedance bandwidth of about 33.33%. For frequencies within the impedance bandwidth, good radiation characteristics are also observed, with a peak antenna gain of about 7.2 dBi.

Wearable antenna memberikan kemudahan dalam bidang medis, selain terdiri dari bahan yang fleksibel dan dapat dibengkokkan juga harganya yang murah. Wearable antenna harus di desain sesuai dengan hasil rancangan simulasi pada software simulasi elektromagnetik 3D dengan frekuensi kerja 2,45 GHz sehingga tidak terjadi kesalahan ketika proses perealisasian. Pada Tugas Akhir ini telah dilakukan perancangan serta realisasi antena mikrostrip yang akan digunakan sebagai pendeteksi kanker payudara pada frekuensi 2,45 GHz menggunakan metode microwave imaging. Perancangan antena dilakukan dengan menggunakan software simulasi elektromagnetik 3D. Analisis yang dilakukan pada Tugas Akhir ini adalah membandingkan perbedaan nilai medan listrik atau E-Field antena pada jaringan payudara tanpa kanker dan dengan kanker. Parameter yang telah dicapai menunjukkan antena dapat bekerja dengan baik pada frekuensi 2,45 GHz berdasarkan simulasi diantaranya memiliki nilai return loss ≤ -10 dB dan cakupan bandwidth yang lebar antara 2,4 GHz -2,4835 GHz pada frekuensi kerja 2,45 GHz. Untuk perancangan antena direalisasikan dengan menggunakan bahan fleksibel yaitu Rogers Duroid RT3003 (𝜺 𝒓 = 3 dan h = 0,75 mm). Hasil fabrikasi memiliki nilai VSWR dibawah 2 dan nilai return loss dibawah -10. Antena fabrikasi terbukti dapat bekerja dengan baik ketika mendeteksi realisasi pemodelan struktur jaringan payudara tanpa kanker dan dengan kanker yang dilihat dari hasil nilai return loss menunjukkan dapat mendeteksi adanya perbedaan material.