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Status of Waterbirds in Asia – Results of the Asian Waterbird Census: 1987-2007

Profile image of Andrea BloemAndrea BloemProfile image of Simon DelanySimon Delany

Abstract
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The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) documents waterbird populations and trends across Asia from 1987 to 2007, relying on a network of volunteers. The census highlights significant declines in waterbird numbers, particularly due to habitat reclamation, while facing threats from climate change and human development. The data underscores the urgent need for conservation and policy actions to protect wetlands and their biodiversity.

Figures (469)
Figure 1: Regional coverage of the Asian Waterbird Census To its credit, the AWC has been extremely successful in achieving its primary objectives (see section 1.3.2). As a result of their increased awareness, local people and governments are now setting about the conservation of important sites in most of the countries covered by the census. However, coverage and conservation efforts vary considerably, and the increasing pressure on wetlands and their biodiversity highlights the need to strengthen the programme to tackle emerging challenges. These include global climate change and its far-reaching impacts on changes in distribution, type of wetlands, as well as seasonal variations linked to probable changes in the carrying capacities of the wetlands used by the waterbirds for feeding, nesting and roosting.
Figure 1: Regional coverage of the Asian Waterbird Census To its credit, the AWC has been extremely successful in achieving its primary objectives (see section 1.3.2). As a result of their increased awareness, local people and governments are now setting about the conservation of important sites in most of the countries covered by the census. However, coverage and conservation efforts vary considerably, and the increasing pressure on wetlands and their biodiversity highlights the need to strengthen the programme to tackle emerging challenges. These include global climate change and its far-reaching impacts on changes in distribution, type of wetlands, as well as seasonal variations linked to probable changes in the carrying capacities of the wetlands used by the waterbirds for feeding, nesting and roosting.
Key: Ramsar — Convention on Wetlands, CMS — Convention on Migratory Species. CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity. IBA — BirdLife International's Important Bird Area Programme, Red List— IUCN Red List/BirdLife International's Global Species Programme, WPE — Wetlands International's Waterbird Population Estimates Programme. GAINS - Global Avian Influenza Network for Surveillance. Figure 2: The Asian Waterbird Census's contribution to national and international conservation frameworks
Key: Ramsar — Convention on Wetlands, CMS — Convention on Migratory Species. CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity. IBA — BirdLife International's Important Bird Area Programme, Red List— IUCN Red List/BirdLife International's Global Species Programme, WPE — Wetlands International's Waterbird Population Estimates Programme. GAINS - Global Avian Influenza Network for Surveillance. Figure 2: The Asian Waterbird Census's contribution to national and international conservation frameworks
Table 1: Total numbers and overall total of sites counted for the Asian Waterbird Census, 1987-2007
Table 1: Total numbers and overall total of sites counted for the Asian Waterbird Census, 1987-2007
Table 3: List of internationally important sites surveyed for AWC 1987 - 2007 in the Asia Pacific region
Table 3: List of internationally important sites surveyed for AWC 1987 - 2007 in the Asia Pacific region
Notes:
Notes:
Figure 3: Sites covered by the AWC in the South Asian region, 1987-2007
Figure 3: Sites covered by the AWC in the South Asian region, 1987-2007
[he count was carried out only in 1988-1989 and 2000-2002 by individual international experts. [here is no consistent waterbird monitoring programme established under the AWC in Bhutan.
[he count was carried out only in 1988-1989 and 2000-2002 by individual international experts. [here is no consistent waterbird monitoring programme established under the AWC in Bhutan.
Figure 5: Sites in Bhutan covered by the AWC between 1987-2007 A total of four globally threatened species were recorded, including the Endangered White- bellied Heron; the Vulnerable Black-necked Crane, Wood Snipe and Pallas's Sea Eagle. One Near Threatened species, White-tailed Sea Eagle, was also recorded. The population of Black- necked Crane is particularly significant (297 in 1989, VU).
Figure 5: Sites in Bhutan covered by the AWC between 1987-2007 A total of four globally threatened species were recorded, including the Endangered White- bellied Heron; the Vulnerable Black-necked Crane, Wood Snipe and Pallas's Sea Eagle. One Near Threatened species, White-tailed Sea Eagle, was also recorded. The population of Black- necked Crane is particularly significant (297 in 1989, VU).
Figure 6: Sites in India covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Totals of 171 waterbird, 25 raptor and nine kingfisher species were recorded (Appendix 8). The most numerous species (>100,000 individuals) recorded were, in order of decreasing abundance, Northern Pintail, Common Coot, Northern Shoveler, Gadwall, Tufted Duck, Lesser Whistling Duck, Eurasian Wigeon, Garganey, Common Pochard, Demoiselle Crane, Black-tailed Godwit and Ruff.
Figure 6: Sites in India covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Totals of 171 waterbird, 25 raptor and nine kingfisher species were recorded (Appendix 8). The most numerous species (>100,000 individuals) recorded were, in order of decreasing abundance, Northern Pintail, Common Coot, Northern Shoveler, Gadwall, Tufted Duck, Lesser Whistling Duck, Eurasian Wigeon, Garganey, Common Pochard, Demoiselle Crane, Black-tailed Godwit and Ruff.
Figure 7: Sites in Nepal covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 7: Sites in Nepal covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 8: Sites in Pakistan covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Eleven Near Threatened species were recorded, including Oriental Darter, Painted Stork, Black- necked Stork, Black-headed Ibis, Lesser Flamingo, Falcated Teal, Ferruginous Duck, Black- tailed Godwit, Eurasian Curlew, Black-bellied Tern and Pallid Harrier.
Figure 8: Sites in Pakistan covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Eleven Near Threatened species were recorded, including Oriental Darter, Painted Stork, Black- necked Stork, Black-headed Ibis, Lesser Flamingo, Falcated Teal, Ferruginous Duck, Black- tailed Godwit, Eurasian Curlew, Black-bellied Tern and Pallid Harrier.
Totals of 111 waterbird, 15 raptor and two kingfisher species were recorded (Appendix 14). The most numerous species (>100,000 individuals) recorded were Northern Pintail, Lesser Whistling Duck and Garganey.
Totals of 111 waterbird, 15 raptor and two kingfisher species were recorded (Appendix 14). The most numerous species (>100,000 individuals) recorded were Northern Pintail, Lesser Whistling Duck and Garganey.
Figure 10: Sites covered by the AWC in the Southeast Asian region, 1987-2007
Figure 10: Sites covered by the AWC in the Southeast Asian region, 1987-2007
Figure 11: Sites in Brunei covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 11: Sites in Brunei covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 12: Sites in Cambodia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 12: Sites in Cambodia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 13: Sites in Indonesia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Seven globally threatened species were recorded, including the Endangered Storm's Stork, White-winged Duck and Nordmann's Greenshank; the Vulnerable Chinese Egret, Milky Stork, Lesser Adjutant and Masked Finfoot. Totals of 130 waterbird, one frigatebird, four raptor and four kingfisher species were recorded throughout the period (Appendix 21). The most numerous species recorded were Cattle Egret and Intermediate Egret.
Figure 13: Sites in Indonesia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Seven globally threatened species were recorded, including the Endangered Storm's Stork, White-winged Duck and Nordmann's Greenshank; the Vulnerable Chinese Egret, Milky Stork, Lesser Adjutant and Masked Finfoot. Totals of 130 waterbird, one frigatebird, four raptor and four kingfisher species were recorded throughout the period (Appendix 21). The most numerous species recorded were Cattle Egret and Intermediate Egret.
3.3.6 Malaysia Figure 14: Sites in Laos covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
3.3.6 Malaysia Figure 14: Sites in Laos covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 15: Sites in Malaysia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 A total of 10 globally threatened species were recorded, including the Critically Endangered Christmas Frigatebird and Spoon-billed Sandpiper; the Endangered Storm's Stork and Nordmann's Greenshank; and the Vulnerable Chinese Egret (up to 40% of global population), Milky Stork, Lesser Adjutant, Masked Finfoot, Greater Spotted Eagle and Imperial Eagle.
Figure 15: Sites in Malaysia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 A total of 10 globally threatened species were recorded, including the Critically Endangered Christmas Frigatebird and Spoon-billed Sandpiper; the Endangered Storm's Stork and Nordmann's Greenshank; and the Vulnerable Chinese Egret (up to 40% of global population), Milky Stork, Lesser Adjutant, Masked Finfoot, Greater Spotted Eagle and Imperial Eagle.
Figure 16: Sites in Myanmar covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Twelve globally threatened species were recorded, including the Critically Endangered White- bellied Heron; the Endangered Greater Adjutant, White-winged Duck and Nordmann's Greenshank; the Vulnerable Lesser Adjutant, Sarus Crane, Masked Finfoot, Wood Snipe, Indian Skimmer, Indian Spotted Eagle and Greater Spotted Eagle.
Figure 16: Sites in Myanmar covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Twelve globally threatened species were recorded, including the Critically Endangered White- bellied Heron; the Endangered Greater Adjutant, White-winged Duck and Nordmann's Greenshank; the Vulnerable Lesser Adjutant, Sarus Crane, Masked Finfoot, Wood Snipe, Indian Skimmer, Indian Spotted Eagle and Greater Spotted Eagle.
Figure 17: Sites in the Philippines covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Totals of 72 waterbird, five raptor and two kingfisher species were recorded throughout the period (Appendix 29). The two most numerous species recorded were Tufted Duck and Little Egret.
Figure 17: Sites in the Philippines covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Totals of 72 waterbird, five raptor and two kingfisher species were recorded throughout the period (Appendix 29). The two most numerous species recorded were Tufted Duck and Little Egret.
Figure 18: Sites in Singapore covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 18: Sites in Singapore covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 19: Sites in Thailand covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Hunting of waterbirds is little documented but widespread. Night-netting and dazzling of Watercocks and White-breasted Waterhens was widespread in October-November; presumabl these birds are northern migrants (Philip Round, pers. comm., Aug. 2006).
Figure 19: Sites in Thailand covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Hunting of waterbirds is little documented but widespread. Night-netting and dazzling of Watercocks and White-breasted Waterhens was widespread in October-November; presumabl these birds are northern migrants (Philip Round, pers. comm., Aug. 2006).
Figure 20: Sites in Timor Leste covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Near threatened species recorded included Beach Thick-knee, Malaysian Plover and Black- tailed Godwit. 3.3.12 Vietnam
Figure 20: Sites in Timor Leste covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Near threatened species recorded included Beach Thick-knee, Malaysian Plover and Black- tailed Godwit. 3.3.12 Vietnam
Figure 22: Sites covered by the AWC in the East Asian region, 1987-2007 Eight Near Threatened species were: Black-headed Ibis, Falcated Teal, Ferruginous Duck, Asian Dowitcher, Black-tailed Godwit, Eurasian Curlew, Long-billed Murrelet and Cinereous (Monk) Vulture.
Figure 22: Sites covered by the AWC in the East Asian region, 1987-2007 Eight Near Threatened species were: Black-headed Ibis, Falcated Teal, Ferruginous Duck, Asian Dowitcher, Black-tailed Godwit, Eurasian Curlew, Long-billed Murrelet and Cinereous (Monk) Vulture.
Figure 23: Sites in Mainland China covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 23: Sites in Mainland China covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 24: Sites in Hong Kong and Macau covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Totals of 104 waterbird, 11 raptor and four kingfisher species were recorded throughout the period (Appendix 42). important site in Hong Kong. It is a Migratory Waterbird Network site in the East Asian — Australasian Flyway and an IBA, and an internationally important site, regularly supporting more than 20,000 waterbirds. The site has also recorded more than 1% of the biogeographic population of nineteen species of waterbird.
Figure 24: Sites in Hong Kong and Macau covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Totals of 104 waterbird, 11 raptor and four kingfisher species were recorded throughout the period (Appendix 42). important site in Hong Kong. It is a Migratory Waterbird Network site in the East Asian — Australasian Flyway and an IBA, and an internationally important site, regularly supporting more than 20,000 waterbirds. The site has also recorded more than 1% of the biogeographic population of nineteen species of waterbird.
Figure 25: Sites in Taiwan covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 AWC data of Japan is available from 1989 onwards. A total of 263 sites were covered at least once (Figure 26, Appendix 47). From 1989 to 2004 only a small number of sites was regularly visited by individual volunteers. From 1999 onwards, the Ministry of the Environment Japan sponsored a regular monitoring programme for shorebirds by WWF-Japan and for Anatidae by the Japanese Society for Preservation of Birds. The Ministry of the Environment Japan has kindly committed to share the waterbird monitoring data formally with Wetlands International.
Figure 25: Sites in Taiwan covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 AWC data of Japan is available from 1989 onwards. A total of 263 sites were covered at least once (Figure 26, Appendix 47). From 1989 to 2004 only a small number of sites was regularly visited by individual volunteers. From 1999 onwards, the Ministry of the Environment Japan sponsored a regular monitoring programme for shorebirds by WWF-Japan and for Anatidae by the Japanese Society for Preservation of Birds. The Ministry of the Environment Japan has kindly committed to share the waterbird monitoring data formally with Wetlands International.
Figure 26: Sites in Japan covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 26: Sites in Japan covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 27: Sites in Republic of Korea covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 27: Sites in Republic of Korea covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 28: Sites in Eastern Russia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Some minor pollution issues were reported. The data were contributed by individual counters.
Figure 28: Sites in Eastern Russia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Some minor pollution issues were reported. The data were contributed by individual counters.
Figure 29: Sites covered by the AWC in the Australasian region, 1987-2007 Eight Near Threatened species were Black-necked Stork, Blue-billed Duck, Black-tailed Godwit. Asian Dowitcher, Beach Thick-knee, Bush Thick-knee, Hooded Plover and Fairy Tern.
Figure 29: Sites covered by the AWC in the Australasian region, 1987-2007 Eight Near Threatened species were Black-necked Stork, Blue-billed Duck, Black-tailed Godwit. Asian Dowitcher, Beach Thick-knee, Bush Thick-knee, Hooded Plover and Fairy Tern.
Figure 30: Sites in Australia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Nineteen sites recorded more than 20,000 waterbirds, namely 80 Mile Beach, Coongie Lakes System, Coorong, Corner Inlet, Gulf St Vincent, Lacepeda Islands, Lake Corangamite Area, Lake George Area, Laverton/Altona, Moreton Bay, Peel & Yalgorup Lakes, Robbins Passage/ Boullanger Bay, Roebuck Bay, Swan River & Rottnest Island, Townsville, Vasse-Wonnerup Estuary, Werribee /Avalon, Westernport Bay, Wilson Inlet. Fifty-nine sites recorded more than 1% of the biogeographic population of at least one species of waterbird.
Figure 30: Sites in Australia covered by the AWC, 1987-2007 Nineteen sites recorded more than 20,000 waterbirds, namely 80 Mile Beach, Coongie Lakes System, Coorong, Corner Inlet, Gulf St Vincent, Lacepeda Islands, Lake Corangamite Area, Lake George Area, Laverton/Altona, Moreton Bay, Peel & Yalgorup Lakes, Robbins Passage/ Boullanger Bay, Roebuck Bay, Swan River & Rottnest Island, Townsville, Vasse-Wonnerup Estuary, Werribee /Avalon, Westernport Bay, Wilson Inlet. Fifty-nine sites recorded more than 1% of the biogeographic population of at least one species of waterbird.
Figure 31: Sites in New Zealand covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Figure 31: Sites in New Zealand covered by the AWC, 1987-2007
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus I 1% = = 250 (cristatus, South Asia), 375 (cristatus, East Asia), 250 (australis, Australia), 3 (australis, New Zealand). This species was widely recorded across South, East and Southeas Asia and Australasia. Twenty-six sites met the 1% criterion.
Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus I 1% = = 250 (cristatus, South Asia), 375 (cristatus, East Asia), 250 (australis, Australia), 3 (australis, New Zealand). This species was widely recorded across South, East and Southeas Asia and Australasia. Twenty-six sites met the 1% criterion.
Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis NT
Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis NT
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus VU VPYUENITCU PCNVG FCIeuagillo MIM VETIoIS INI 1% = 135 (East India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar), 45 (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand), 1 (Indonesia). The species is restricted to South and Southeast Asia. It was recorded at a total of 277 sites, 32 of which met the 1% criterion.
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus VU VPYUENITCU PCNVG FCIeuagillo MIM VETIoIS INI 1% = 135 (East India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar), 45 (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand), 1 (Indonesia). The species is restricted to South and Southeast Asia. It was recorded at a total of 277 sites, 32 of which met the 1% criterion.
VaiMatlan Fenlcan Felecanus Crispus VU 1% = 75 (South and Southwest Asia), 1 (East Asia). The species was recorded at 167 sites in South and East Asia. Thirty-seven sites met the 1% criterion.
VaiMatlan Fenlcan Felecanus Crispus VU 1% = 75 (South and Southwest Asia), 1 (East Asia). The species was recorded at 167 sites in South and East Asia. Thirty-seven sites met the 1% criterion.
Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus
Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus
Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
Japanese Cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus
Japanese Cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus
ee ee ee Ae a Oe, ee ee ee he 1% = 1,000 (East Asia). The species was only recorded from Japan and Republic of Korea, with one additional record from Taiwan. Two sites met the 1% criterion. Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus
ee ee ee Ae a Oe, ee ee ee he 1% = 1,000 (East Asia). The species was only recorded from Japan and Republic of Korea, with one additional record from Taiwan. Two sites met the 1% criterion. Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus
/% = 100 (Southeast Asia), 40 (South Asia). The species was recorded in 861 sites in Sou ind Southeast Asia; 51 sites met the 1% criterion.
/% = 100 (Southeast Asia), 40 (South Asia). The species was recorded in 861 sites in Sou ind Southeast Asia; 51 sites met the 1% criterion.
Australian Darter Anhinga novaehollandiae
Australian Darter Anhinga novaehollandiae
White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica
White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica
Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia
Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea
1% = 250 (manilensis, South Asia), 1,000 (manilensis, East and Southeast Asia). The species was widely recorded across its range. Six sites met the 1% criterion.
1% = 250 (manilensis, South Asia), 1,000 (manilensis, East and Southeast Asia). The species was widely recorded across its range. Six sites met the 1% criterion.
striated Heron, Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus
striated Heron, Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus
—— a a a ee a a es 1% = 1,500 (garzetta, South Asia), 10,000 (garzetta, East and Southeast Asia), 1,000 (immaculata, Australia (not Tasmania), New Zealand), 170 (schistacea, South Asia; more information is needed to distinguish between records of garzetta and schistacea in India); Java and New Guinea population of nigripes unknown. This is the most widely distributed species of waterbird, recorded at 4,310 sites across its range. Twenty-three sites met the 1% criterion.
—— a a a ee a a es 1% = 1,500 (garzetta, South Asia), 10,000 (garzetta, East and Southeast Asia), 1,000 (immaculata, Australia (not Tasmania), New Zealand), 170 (schistacea, South Asia; more information is needed to distinguish between records of garzetta and schistacea in India); Java and New Guinea population of nigripes unknown. This is the most widely distributed species of waterbird, recorded at 4,310 sites across its range. Twenty-three sites met the 1% criterion.
Rufous Night-heron Nycticorax caledonicus MUIUUS NIQMCHCIrOM NYCUCOGA CalCugrieuds 1% = 10,000 (hilli, Java and Australasia), the population of manillensis in Philippines, Northeast Borneo and Sulawesi unknown. The species was recorded at 52 sites across its range. No site met the 1% criterion.
Rufous Night-heron Nycticorax caledonicus MUIUUS NIQMCHCIrOM NYCUCOGA CalCugrieuds 1% = 10,000 (hilli, Java and Australasia), the population of manillensis in Philippines, Northeast Borneo and Sulawesi unknown. The species was recorded at 52 sites across its range. No site met the 1% criterion.
The species is suffering a severe decline in Malaysia (Li et a/. 2006). Although the status could not be determined in Indonesia, the few records during the recent AWC suggest that it has undergone a similar decline to Malaysia. Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala NT
The species is suffering a severe decline in Malaysia (Li et a/. 2006). Although the status could not be determined in Indonesia, the few records during the recent AWC suggest that it has undergone a similar decline to Malaysia. Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala NT
ee a A ee, Le ee eS ee ee oe 1% = = 250 (South Asia), 100 (Southeast Asia). The species is restricted to South and Southeast Asia and was the second most widely recorded species of stork at 973 sites. Forty-one sites met the 1% criterion.
ee a A ee, Le ee eS ee ee oe 1% = = 250 (South Asia), 100 (Southeast Asia). The species is restricted to South and Southeast Asia and was the second most widely recorded species of stork at 973 sites. Forty-one sites met the 1% criterion.
Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans
Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans
Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus
Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus
=uropean White Stork, Eurasian White Stork Ciconia ciconia 1% = = - 4, The species i is restricted to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. It was recorded at only nin sites in Indonesia and Malaysia; four sites met the 1% criterion.
=uropean White Stork, Eurasian White Stork Ciconia ciconia 1% = = - 4, The species i is restricted to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. It was recorded at only nin sites in Indonesia and Malaysia; four sites met the 1% criterion.
European White Stork, Eurasian White Stork Ciconia ciconia 1% = 45 (asiatica, South and Central Asia). The species was recorded at a small number of sites in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Twelve sites met the 1% criterion.
European White Stork, Eurasian White Stork Ciconia ciconia 1% = 45 (asiatica, South and Central Asia). The species was recorded at a small number of sites in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Twelve sites met the 1% criterion.
Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus NT fh ‘Tee a 1% 5 = 3 30. The species i: is restricted to East Asia. It was recorded at 51 sites in China and Hong Kong, 14 of which met the 1% criterion. The majority of the birds were reported at Poyang Lake in China (3,000 individuals in 2007).
Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus NT fh ‘Tee a 1% 5 = 3 30. The species i: is restricted to East Asia. It was recorded at 51 sites in China and Hong Kong, 14 of which met the 1% criterion. The majority of the birds were reported at Poyang Lake in China (3,000 individuals in 2007).
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus VU
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus VU
eee ee eee ee eee 1% = 50. The species is restricted to South and Southeast Asia. It was recorded at 293 sites throughout its range. Nine sites met the 1% criterion.
eee ee eee ee eee 1% = 50. The species is restricted to South and Southeast Asia. It was recorded at 293 sites throughout its range. Nine sites met the 1% criterion.
Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius EN
Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius EN
Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca
Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca
Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea CR
Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea CR
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia
Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor EN
Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor EN
Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor NT
Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor NT
1% = 10, 000 (South, Southeast and East A Asia). This was the commonest whistling duck species, with records from 1,366 sites; 22 sites met the 1% criterion.
1% = 10, 000 (South, Southeast and East A Asia). This was the commonest whistling duck species, with records from 1,366 sites; 22 sites met the 1% criterion.
1% = 10 10, ,000 (Australia). The species was reported from Australia and New Zealand (where it has been introduced, Moon, 2002). The 1% criterion was only reached at Ellesmere Lake, Canterbury, New Zealand (10,651 individuals in 2007).
1% = 10 10, ,000 (Australia). The species was reported from Australia and New Zealand (where it has been introduced, Moon, 2002). The 1% criterion was only reached at Ellesmere Lake, Canterbury, New Zealand (10,651 individuals in 2007).
ee Oo a 1% = = 600 (East Asia). The species was the most widely distributed swan species and was recorded mainly in Republic of Korea, Japan and mainland China. Twenty sites met the 1% criterion.
ee Oo a 1% = = 600 (East Asia). The species was the most widely distributed swan species and was recorded mainly in Republic of Korea, Japan and mainland China. Twenty sites met the 1% criterion.
Tundra Swan, Whistling Swan Cygnus columbianus
Tundra Swan, Whistling Swan Cygnus columbianus
ww UE CEE RANI PEE en Ee ee vw 1% = 800. The species is restricted to East Asia. The species was recorded at 61 sites, with 17 sites meeting the 1% criterion. Two sites in China recorded more than 20,000 individuals. The peak count in East Asia for 2002-2004 was 107,037 birds at 22 sites, and for 2005-2007, 111,901 birds at 31 sites. Although Li and Mundkur (2007) mentioned that the high total count during 2002-2004 period may have been caused by double counting at Poyang Lake and Anqingyanjiang NR, the count at Poyang Lake alone (70,000 in 2007) equals the current population estimate of 60,000-100,000. It is therefore suggested that the the population estimate should be updated to 100,000-120,000.
ww UE CEE RANI PEE en Ee ee vw 1% = 800. The species is restricted to East Asia. The species was recorded at 61 sites, with 17 sites meeting the 1% criterion. Two sites in China recorded more than 20,000 individuals. The peak count in East Asia for 2002-2004 was 107,037 birds at 22 sites, and for 2005-2007, 111,901 birds at 31 sites. Although Li and Mundkur (2007) mentioned that the high total count during 2002-2004 period may have been caused by double counting at Poyang Lake and Anqingyanjiang NR, the count at Poyang Lake alone (70,000 in 2007) equals the current population estimate of 60,000-100,000. It is therefore suggested that the the population estimate should be updated to 100,000-120,000.
Bean Goose Anser fabalis
Bean Goose Anser fabalis
Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser eythropus VU Numbers in Japan and Republic of Korea have clearly increased over the period covered by thi: report, while numbers in China seem to be more or less stable. Lesser White-TrOmntea UOOSe ANser eCyuriropus VU 1% = 200 (East Asia). The species was recorded from 18 sites. The major eastern population appears to be centered on East Dongting Lake, Hunan Province, mainland China. Six sites met the 1% criterion.
Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser eythropus VU Numbers in Japan and Republic of Korea have clearly increased over the period covered by thi: report, while numbers in China seem to be more or less stable. Lesser White-TrOmntea UOOSe ANser eCyuriropus VU 1% = 200 (East Asia). The species was recorded from 18 sites. The major eastern population appears to be centered on East Dongting Lake, Hunan Province, mainland China. Six sites met the 1% criterion.
Greylag Goose Anser anser
Greylag Goose Anser anser
Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus
Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus
a CR FEN CE Ot I Oe 1% = 560. The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia. Only Pong Dam Bird Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh State, India reported more than 20,000 birds. In total 49 sites met the 1% criterion. The total count for 2007 was 63,110 individuals, which exceeds the population estimate of 52,000-60,000.
a CR FEN CE Ot I Oe 1% = 560. The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia. Only Pong Dam Bird Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh State, India reported more than 20,000 birds. In total 49 sites met the 1% criterion. The total count for 2007 was 63,110 individuals, which exceeds the population estimate of 52,000-60,000.
Lesser Snow Goose Chen (Anser) caerulescens ee ee eee ee ee 1% = 1 (caerulescens ‘Lesser’, East Asia). The species was reported from 16 sites, mainly from the Republic of Korea.
Lesser Snow Goose Chen (Anser) caerulescens ee ee eee ee ee 1% = 1 (caerulescens ‘Lesser’, East Asia). The species was reported from 16 sites, mainly from the Republic of Korea.
Canada Goose Branta canadensis
Canada Goose Branta canadensis
Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis EN 1% = = -50 (nigricans, East Asia). The species is s restricted to Japan, the Republic of Korea anc China. Seven sites met the 1% criterion.
Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis EN 1% = = -50 (nigricans, East Asia). The species is s restricted to Japan, the Republic of Korea anc China. Seven sites met the 1% criterion.
Paradise Shelduck Tadorna variegata
Paradise Shelduck Tadorna variegata
1% = 1,( 1 ,000 (South Asia), , 1,300 (East Asia and Myanmar). The majority of the population was reported in Bangladesh, the Republic of Korea and China, with 37 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
1% = 1,( 1 ,000 (South Asia), , 1,300 (East Asia and Myanmar). The majority of the population was reported in Bangladesh, the Republic of Korea and China, with 37 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Radjah Shelduck Tadorna radjah
Radjah Shelduck Tadorna radjah
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
1% =25 250 ) (melanotos, South and Southeast Asia). The species was reported mainly in India One site in Cambodia and 19 in India met the 1% criterion.
1% =25 250 ) (melanotos, South and Southeast Asia). The species was reported mainly in India One site in Cambodia and 19 in India met the 1% criterion.
Green Pygmy Goose Nettapus pulchellus
Green Pygmy Goose Nettapus pulchellus
Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata
Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata
Ee TT ee ie! ee Oe eS Ae Se GE eae ete ae ee ee a 1% = 200 (Mainland China), 50 (Republic of Korea), 400 (Japan), 4 (Taiwan). The species is restricted to East Asia, with most records reported from the Republic of Korea. Twenty-nine sites met the 1% criterion.
Ee TT ee ie! ee Oe eS Ae Se GE eae ete ae ee ee a 1% = 200 (Mainland China), 50 (Republic of Korea), 400 (Japan), 4 (Taiwan). The species is restricted to East Asia, with most records reported from the Republic of Korea. Twenty-nine sites met the 1% criterion.
8 eee Eee 1% = 350 (East Asia). The species was recorded from 351 sites; 40 sites met the 1% criterion. Ir 2007 alone 27,553 individuals were recorded, with 90% concentrated in mainland China. According to BirdLife International (2008b), recent data give a total population estimate of 89,000 individuals. During the non-breeding period the majority stays in East Asia; smaller numbers migrate further south to South and Southeast Asia. ACER EE CEEE SE eee eZ pe See - 1% = 3,000 (strepera, South Asia), 7,500 (strepera, East Asia). The species was recorded widely in South and East Asia. Forty-nine sites met the 1% criterion. Chilika Lake alone recorded 192,556 individuals in 2007, which is more than 60% of the known South Asian population. The peak total count of 332 sites in South Asia between 2002-2004 recorded 375,689 individuals; and between 2005-2007, 232 sites recorded 306,928 birds. It is suggested that the South Asian population estimate be raised to 400,000.
8 eee Eee 1% = 350 (East Asia). The species was recorded from 351 sites; 40 sites met the 1% criterion. Ir 2007 alone 27,553 individuals were recorded, with 90% concentrated in mainland China. According to BirdLife International (2008b), recent data give a total population estimate of 89,000 individuals. During the non-breeding period the majority stays in East Asia; smaller numbers migrate further south to South and Southeast Asia. ACER EE CEEE SE eee eZ pe See - 1% = 3,000 (strepera, South Asia), 7,500 (strepera, East Asia). The species was recorded widely in South and East Asia. Forty-nine sites met the 1% criterion. Chilika Lake alone recorded 192,556 individuals in 2007, which is more than 60% of the known South Asian population. The peak total count of 332 sites in South Asia between 2002-2004 recorded 375,689 individuals; and between 2005-2007, 232 sites recorded 306,928 birds. It is suggested that the South Asian population estimate be raised to 400,000.
1994, 1997, Wetlands International 2002, 2006). The total count of AWC 2007 was 820,631 birds, with Geum River Reservoir alone recording 740,004 individuals.
1994, 1997, Wetlands International 2002, 2006). The total count of AWC 2007 was 820,631 birds, with Geum River Reservoir alone recording 740,004 individuals.
Sunda Teal Anas gibberifrons
Sunda Teal Anas gibberifrons
Chestnut Teal Anas castanea
Chestnut Teal Anas castanea
Se ee a Oe ee ee a 1% = 750 (platyrhynchos, South Asia), 15,000 (platyrhynchos, East Asia). The species is widely distributed over South and East Asia with 66 sites meeting the 1% criterion. The records from New Zealand relate to introduced birds.
Se ee a Oe ee ee a 1% = 750 (platyrhynchos, South Asia), 15,000 (platyrhynchos, East Asia). The species is widely distributed over South and East Asia with 66 sites meeting the 1% criterion. The records from New Zealand relate to introduced birds.
Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis
Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis
Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata ee es ECE, a eC: Ae) AU (Se ey RCN ee ee ec ae eee 1% = 120 (rhynchotis, Southwest Australia), 1,000 (rhynchotis, Southeast Australia and Tasmania), 1,000 (variegata, New Zealand). The species is restricted to Australia and Nev Zealand. Three sites met the 1% criterion.
Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata ee es ECE, a eC: Ae) AU (Se ey RCN ee ee ec ae eee 1% = 120 (rhynchotis, Southwest Australia), 1,000 (rhynchotis, Southeast Australia and Tasmania), 1,000 (variegata, New Zealand). The species is restricted to Australia and Nev Zealand. Three sites met the 1% criterion.
Pink-eared Duck Anas membranaceus
Pink-eared Duck Anas membranaceus
Pe Toc Lea ee aT IDS ap EEE EEE 1% = = 50 (South Asia). The species was recorded at 41 sites in Pakistan and India. Nine sites met the 1% criterion, but except for one (Lungh Lake Sanctuary in Pakistan), all maximum counts refer to the early nineties. These observations reinforce the declining trend proposed fo this population (Delany et a/. 2006)
Pe Toc Lea ee aT IDS ap EEE EEE 1% = = 50 (South Asia). The species was recorded at 41 sites in Pakistan and India. Nine sites met the 1% criterion, but except for one (Lungh Lake Sanctuary in Pakistan), all maximum counts refer to the early nineties. These observations reinforce the declining trend proposed fo this population (Delany et a/. 2006)
Canvasback Aythya valisineria 1% = 1,000 (South Asia). The species was recorded mainly from South Asia, but also occasionally from East Asia. Forty-three sites met the 1% criterion, with four sites exceeding 20,000 individuals.
Canvasback Aythya valisineria 1% = 1,000 (South Asia). The species was recorded mainly from South Asia, but also occasionally from East Asia. Forty-three sites met the 1% criterion, with four sites exceeding 20,000 individuals.
ee OEE OE EIS EES 1% = = - 3, 500 (South Asia), 3,000 (East Asia). The species is widely distributed across its range. Ninety-one sites met the 1% criterion. Nine sites recorded more than 20,000 individuals though most records date from before 2000.
ee OEE OE EIS EES 1% = = - 3, 500 (South Asia), 3,000 (East Asia). The species is widely distributed across its range. Ninety-one sites met the 1% criterion. Nine sites recorded more than 20,000 individuals though most records date from before 2000.
Hardhead Aythya australis
Hardhead Aythya australis
Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca NT
Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca NT
ow ee ae ee ee 1% = 1,000 (South, East and Southeast Asia). The species was recorded mainly from South Asia. Thirteen sites met the 1% criterion. In 2002, 90,000 individuals, almost the entire population, were recorded at Tanguar Haor in Bangladesh, but since then numbers recorded have been far lower.
ow ee ae ee ee 1% = 1,000 (South, East and Southeast Asia). The species was recorded mainly from South Asia. Thirteen sites met the 1% criterion. In 2002, 90,000 individuals, almost the entire population, were recorded at Tanguar Haor in Bangladesh, but since then numbers recorded have been far lower.
Jew Zealand Scaup Aythya novaeseelandiae
Jew Zealand Scaup Aythya novaeseelandiae
reas es” a” are 1% = 75 (New Zealand). The species is restricted to New Zealand and was recorded at 23 sites; five sites met the 1% criterion . Greater Scaup Aythya marila
reas es” a” are 1% = 75 (New Zealand). The species is restricted to New Zealand and was recorded at 23 sites; five sites met the 1% criterion . Greater Scaup Aythya marila
ee OF OE ESE 1% = = 2,500 (mariloides, East Asia). The species was reported mainly from Japan and the Republic of Korea, with a total of 28 sites in the two countries meeting the 1% criterion. Most « the counts of over 20,000 individuals date from before 2000.
ee OF OE ESE 1% = = 2,500 (mariloides, East Asia). The species was reported mainly from Japan and the Republic of Korea, with a total of 28 sites in the two countries meeting the 1% criterion. Most « the counts of over 20,000 individuals date from before 2000.
Steller’s Eider Polysticta stellerii VU i a a ian ar a fans 1% = 1,050 (Northeast Asia). This species was only recorded once, with 20 individuals at Avacha Bay, Kamchatka Region, Russia in 1997. 1% = = -4 000 (americana, East Asia). The species was recorded mainly in Japan and the Republic of Korea. No site met the 1% criterion.
Steller’s Eider Polysticta stellerii VU i a a ian ar a fans 1% = 1,050 (Northeast Asia). This species was only recorded once, with 20 individuals at Avacha Bay, Kamchatka Region, Russia in 1997. 1% = = -4 000 (americana, East Asia). The species was recorded mainly in Japan and the Republic of Korea. No site met the 1% criterion.
1% = 10,000 (clangula, East Asia). The species was recorded at 240 sites, predominantly in mainland China, Japan and Republic of Korea. Only the upper reaches of Angara River, Irkutsk, Russia and Siwha Reservoir, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, met the 1% criterion.
1% = 10,000 (clangula, East Asia). The species was recorded at 240 sites, predominantly in mainland China, Japan and Republic of Korea. Only the upper reaches of Angara River, Irkutsk, Russia and Siwha Reservoir, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, met the 1% criterion.
Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator
Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator
Goosander, Common Merganser Mergus merganser Goosander, Common Merganser Mergus merganser 1% = 60 (orientalis, South Asia), 750 (orientalis, East Asia). The species was recorded across its range. Twenty-five sites met the 1% criterion.
Goosander, Common Merganser Mergus merganser Goosander, Common Merganser Mergus merganser 1% = 60 (orientalis, South Asia), 750 (orientalis, East Asia). The species was recorded across its range. Twenty-five sites met the 1% criterion.
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala EN
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala EN
Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis NT shown a significant decline in Pakistan from 1960s. A detailed study of the status of the species was given in Li and Mundkur (2003). The numbers of this species still seem to have declined considerably over the last decade, from a peak total count of 960 individuals in 1987-96 to only 64 individuals in 1997-2007, at a total of five sites.
Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis NT shown a significant decline in Pakistan from 1960s. A detailed study of the status of the species was given in Li and Mundkur (2003). The numbers of this species still seem to have declined considerably over the last decade, from a peak total count of 960 individuals in 1987-96 to only 64 individuals in 1997-2007, at a total of five sites.
wePtw PeaVvew WIiGiiy Wi ua pw ww 1% = 30 (China), 35 (Republic of Korea and Japan). The species is restricted to East Asia. It was recorded at 36 sites, 12 of which met the 1% criterion. The majority of the population that spend the northern winter in mainland China was recorded at Poyang Lake. The counts of 4,354, 3,460 and 3,189 birds recorded at Poyang Lake in 2001, 2004 and 2006 respectively, exceeded the current population estimate of 3,000. Birds from the eastern portion of the breeding range migrate south through the Korean peninsu and to the Japanese island of Kyushu, where they spend the northern winter close to the city of Izumi (www.savingcranes.org). The count of 3,555 birds in 2002 at this site exceeded the curre population estimate of 3,500.
wePtw PeaVvew WIiGiiy Wi ua pw ww 1% = 30 (China), 35 (Republic of Korea and Japan). The species is restricted to East Asia. It was recorded at 36 sites, 12 of which met the 1% criterion. The majority of the population that spend the northern winter in mainland China was recorded at Poyang Lake. The counts of 4,354, 3,460 and 3,189 birds recorded at Poyang Lake in 2001, 2004 and 2006 respectively, exceeded the current population estimate of 3,000. Birds from the eastern portion of the breeding range migrate south through the Korean peninsu and to the Japanese island of Kyushu, where they spend the northern winter close to the city of Izumi (www.savingcranes.org). The count of 3,555 birds in 2002 at this site exceeded the curre population estimate of 3,500.
Common Crane Grus grus
Common Crane Grus grus
Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis VU
Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis VU
Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis EN
Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis EN
South Island Oystercatcher Haematopus finschi
South Island Oystercatcher Haematopus finschi
Australian Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris
Australian Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris
1% = 110. The species is restricted to Australasia. Nineteen sites met the 1% criterion.
1% = 110. The species is restricted to Australasia. Nineteen sites met the 1% criterion.
Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus
Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus
istralian Black-winged Stilt Himantopus leucocephalus
istralian Black-winged Stilt Himantopus leucocephalus
Australian Black-winged Stilt x Black Stilt Himantopus leucocephalus x novaezelandiae is a hybrid between Australian Black-winged Stilt and the Critically Endangered Black Stilt. It wa: recorded in New Zealand from 13 sites.
Australian Black-winged Stilt x Black Stilt Himantopus leucocephalus x novaezelandiae is a hybrid between Australian Black-winged Stilt and the Critically Endangered Black Stilt. It wa: recorded in New Zealand from 13 sites.
Banded Stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus 1% =1. The species is restricted to New Zealand. It was recorded at seven sites.
Banded Stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus 1% =1. The species is restricted to New Zealand. It was recorded at seven sites.
DGAIMOU VU WIGUUEIIYIIGHUe ICULCUULONIIGIUNS 1% = 2,100. The species is restricted to Australasia, with 13 sites meeting the 1% criterion, of which three sites recorded over 20,000 individuals. Pied Avocet Recurvirosira avosetta
DGAIMOU VU WIGUUEIIYIIGHUe ICULCUULONIIGIUNS 1% = 2,100. The species is restricted to Australasia, with 13 sites meeting the 1% criterion, of which three sites recorded over 20,000 individuals. Pied Avocet Recurvirosira avosetta
eee ee NE 1% = 1,000 (South and East Asia). The species was recorded throughout its range. Major congregations were recorded from the Lower Yangtze Floodplain and the Lianyungang Coast | mainland China. A total of 23 sites met the 1% criterion.
eee ee NE 1% = 1,000 (South and East Asia). The species was recorded throughout its range. Major congregations were recorded from the Lower Yangtze Floodplain and the Lianyungang Coast | mainland China. A total of 23 sites met the 1% criterion.
Red-necked Avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae 1% = 1,100. The species is restricted to Australia, with 11 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Red-necked Avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae 1% = 1,100. The species is restricted to Australia, with 11 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
3.6.20 Thick-knees - Burhinidae
3.6.20 Thick-knees - Burhinidae
Small Pratincole Glareola lactea
Small Pratincole Glareola lactea
Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus 1% =75. The species is restricted to South Asia. Seventeen sites met the 1% criterion. The species is under-recorded because it prefers non-wetland habitat.
Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus 1% =75. The species is restricted to South Asia. Seventeen sites met the 1% criterion. The species is under-recorded because it prefers non-wetland habitat.
Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus ee I EE EN 1% = 1,000. The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia. The majority of the population was recorded from Bangladesh, where three sites met the 1% criterion.
Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus ee I EE EN 1% = 1,000. The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia. The majority of the population was recorded from Bangladesh, where three sites met the 1% criterion.
White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus SEARS PONS I, So ee 1 % =i | 4 (South Asia). Ten records were received from India and Pakistan. Four sites met the 1% criterion. Since this species often prefers non-wetland habitat, it may have been under-recorded (Dr B M Parasharya, pers. comm. Nov 2008,). Se Se: ek ee a ee ee ee ee: 1% = 1,000 (Pakistan, India). The species does not normally congregate in large flocks, hence it is unlikely that many sites can be expected to hold 1% of the population. The population estimate of 100,000 may be too high and may need to be reviewed (Li and Mundkur, 2007).
White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus SEARS PONS I, So ee 1 % =i | 4 (South Asia). Ten records were received from India and Pakistan. Four sites met the 1% criterion. Since this species often prefers non-wetland habitat, it may have been under-recorded (Dr B M Parasharya, pers. comm. Nov 2008,). Se Se: ek ee a ee ee ee ee: 1% = 1,000 (Pakistan, India). The species does not normally congregate in large flocks, hence it is unlikely that many sites can be expected to hold 1% of the population. The population estimate of 100,000 may be too high and may need to be reviewed (Li and Mundkur, 2007).
BS SAW EE SANZ ENA EF Pr ee Poe 1% = 750 (South and Southwest Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). The species was widely distributed across the range of the AWC, with 29 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
BS SAW EE SANZ ENA EF Pr ee Poe 1% = 750 (South and Southwest Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). The species was widely distributed across the range of the AWC, with 29 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica
American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica
New Zealand Doitterel, Red-breasted Dotterel Charadrius obscurus EN New Zealand Dotterel, Red-breasted Dotterel Charadrius obscurus EN 1% = 20 (aquilonius, New Zealand). The species was restricted to 64 sites in New Zealand, with 23 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
New Zealand Doitterel, Red-breasted Dotterel Charadrius obscurus EN New Zealand Dotterel, Red-breasted Dotterel Charadrius obscurus EN 1% = 20 (aquilonius, New Zealand). The species was restricted to 64 sites in New Zealand, with 23 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Great Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula
Great Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula
Be EF ORE a ie aad BEN Nh OE OEE CARE Pete UO AZ Iw 1% = 1,000 (jerdoni,South Asia), 250 (curonicus, East and Southeast Asia) 1,000 (dubius Philippines); the Papua New Guinea population of papuanus is unknown. The species wa recorded across its range, with 29 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Be EF ORE a ie aad BEN Nh OE OEE CARE Pete UO AZ Iw 1% = 1,000 (jerdoni,South Asia), 250 (curonicus, East and Southeast Asia) 1,000 (dubius Philippines); the Papua New Guinea population of papuanus is unknown. The species wa recorded across its range, with 29 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus
Javan Plover Charadrius javanicus NT
Javan Plover Charadrius javanicus NT
Malaysian Plover Charadrius peronii NT 1% = 950. The species is restricted to Australia. Ten sites met the 1% criterion.
Malaysian Plover Charadrius peronii NT 1% = 950. The species is restricted to Australia. Ten sites met the 1% criterion.
Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus
Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus
Greater Sandplover Charadrius leschenaultii
Greater Sandplover Charadrius leschenaultii
Caspian Plover Charadrius asiaticus
Caspian Plover Charadrius asiaticus
Shore Plover Thinornis novaeseelandiae EN
Shore Plover Thinornis novaeseelandiae EN
Wrybilll Anarhynchus frontalis VU
Wrybilll Anarhynchus frontalis VU
Se ne LN SO, ee ee ee 1% = 40. This species is restricted to New Zealand and recorded at 47 sites. Nine sites met the 1% criterion.
Se ne LN SO, ee ee ee 1% = 40. This species is restricted to New Zealand and recorded at 47 sites. Nine sites met the 1% criterion.
3.6.23 Snipes, Sandpipers & Phalaropes - Scolopacidae
3.6.23 Snipes, Sandpipers & Phalaropes - Scolopacidae
Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura ee NO re 1% unknown. The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia and was recorded across its range. This and the following species are normally considered to be indistinguishable Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola VU
Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura ee NO re 1% unknown. The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia and was recorded across its range. This and the following species are normally considered to be indistinguishable Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola VU
1% = 230. The species is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway. It was recorded a 46 sites, with six sites meeting the 1% criterion. Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa NT
1% = 230. The species is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway. It was recorded a 46 sites, with six sites meeting the 1% criterion. Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa NT
Hudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica
Hudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata NT i iii, pie 1% = 7 4 000 (variegatus, South Asia), 550 (variegatus, phaeopus East, Southeast Asia and Australasia). Twelve sites along the East Asian — Australasian Flyway met the 1% criterion, mainly in Malaysia and Australia.
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata NT i iii, pie 1% = 7 4 000 (variegatus, South Asia), 550 (variegatus, phaeopus East, Southeast Asia and Australasia). Twelve sites along the East Asian — Australasian Flyway met the 1% criterion, mainly in Malaysia and Australia.
1% = = (orientalis, South Asia), 350 (orientalis, East and Southeast Asia). The species was reported throughout its range, with 51 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
1% = = (orientalis, South Asia), 350 (orientalis, East and Southeast Asia). The species was reported throughout its range, with 51 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis
Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis
Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus
Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus
ON RE EN ERE CEE EE REESE Soh YF eRe ee eee 1% = 250 (South Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia). A total of 10 sites met the 1% criterion. The majority of the species on the East Asian — Australasian Flyway was reported from mainland China, where six sites met the 1% criterion.
ON RE EN ERE CEE EE REESE Soh YF eRe ee eee 1% = 250 (South Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia). A total of 10 sites met the 1% criterion. The majority of the species on the East Asian — Australasian Flyway was reported from mainland China, where six sites met the 1% criterion.
Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis
Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis
NIGLOL VGMUMVINGE PEIYa GlaAYlHatillo 1% = 1,000 (South Asia), 10,000 (East, Southeast Asia and Australasia). The 1% criterion proposed by Wetlands International (2006) for the East Asian population is too high, and no site met it. Instead, the 1% criterion set by Bamford et al, (2006) of 1,000 for the East Asian — Australasian Flyway population was used to identify internationally important sites for this species. The species was recorded widely across its range and 23 sites met the 1% criterion, the majority from South Asia.
NIGLOL VGMUMVINGE PEIYa GlaAYlHatillo 1% = 1,000 (South Asia), 10,000 (East, Southeast Asia and Australasia). The 1% criterion proposed by Wetlands International (2006) for the East Asian population is too high, and no site met it. Instead, the 1% criterion set by Bamford et al, (2006) of 1,000 for the East Asian — Australasian Flyway population was used to identify internationally important sites for this species. The species was recorded widely across its range and 23 sites met the 1% criterion, the majority from South Asia.
Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia
Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia
Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer EN Ne ee ee oe ee ee 1% = 750 (South Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). The species was widely recorded across its range, but only two sites in South Asia met the 1% criterion. The criterion for East and Southeast Asia might be set too high, as no sites met it. The 1% criterion of 600 individuals, as established by Bamford et al, (2006), was used here for the East and Southeast Asian population, with 11 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer EN Ne ee ee oe ee ee 1% = 750 (South Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). The species was widely recorded across its range, but only two sites in South Asia met the 1% criterion. The criterion for East and Southeast Asia might be set too high, as no sites met it. The 1% criterion of 600 individuals, as established by Bamford et al, (2006), was used here for the East and Southeast Asian population, with 11 sites meeting the 1% criterion.
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes
Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Wuvuu VGIIUVIVNeS! Priga ylareula 1% = 1,500 (South Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). Wood Sandpiper was the second most widely recorded sandpiper species across its range with 1,682 sites. Since this species normally doesn’t congregate in large groups, only two sites in South Asia and three along the East Asian — Australasian Flyway met the 1% criterion.
Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Wuvuu VGIIUVIVNeS! Priga ylareula 1% = 1,500 (South Asia), 1,000 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). Wood Sandpiper was the second most widely recorded sandpiper species across its range with 1,682 sites. Since this species normally doesn’t congregate in large groups, only two sites in South Asia and three along the East Asian — Australasian Flyway met the 1% criterion.
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos is i ie Oe 1% = = 1,000 (South Asia), 500 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). The species was recorded widely across its range. Only one site in South Asia and 10 along the East Asian — Australasian Flyway met the 1% criterion.
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos is i ie Oe 1% = = 1,000 (South Asia), 500 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). The species was recorded widely across its range. Only one site in South Asia and 10 along the East Asian — Australasian Flyway met the 1% criterion.
1% = = - 750 (South Asia), 500 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). This is the most widely distributed of the shorebird species, recorded at 3,202 sites. However it does not normally congregate in large flocks, and therefore only two sites in India met the 1% criterion.
1% = = - 750 (South Asia), 500 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). This is the most widely distributed of the shorebird species, recorded at 3,202 sites. However it does not normally congregate in large flocks, and therefore only two sites in India met the 1% criterion.
Wandering Tattler Heteroscelus incanus we FS eee ECACC Et FP Ow SEY Io ee: Ee ee 1% = 400. The species is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway and spends the non-breeding period mainly in Australia. Seven sites in Australia and one in the Philippines met the 1% criterion.
Wandering Tattler Heteroscelus incanus we FS eee ECACC Et FP Ow SEY Io ee: Ee ee 1% = 400. The species is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway and spends the non-breeding period mainly in Australia. Seven sites in Australia and one in the Philippines met the 1% criterion.
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris
Red Knot Calidris canutus
Red Knot Calidris canutus
ee See eS Se Le See eee 1% =1 000 (South Asia), 220 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). Thirty-three sites met the 1% criterion.
ee See eS Se Le See eee 1% =1 000 (South Asia), 220 (East and Southeast Asia, Australasia). Thirty-three sites met the 1% criterion.
Little Stint Calidris minuta
Little Stint Calidris minuta
White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis
White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis
1% = 1 600. The species is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway and spends t non-breeding period mainly in Australia. Twenty sites in Australia met the 1% criterion.
1% = 1 600. The species is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway and spends t non-breeding period mainly in Australia. Twenty sites in Australia met the 1% criterion.
Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus
Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus
NE ae: a nS ee ee ee Se 1% = 1,000 (centralis, South Asia), 10,000 (sakhalina, East Asia; kistchinskii, unknown), 7,500 (articola, East Asia), 9 (actites, unknown). As the non-breeding grounds of the subspecies overlap, it was difficult to apply the 1% criterion to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway population; therefore 10,000 was used as the 1% criterion for identifying internationally important sites in East and Southeast Asia. Twenty-five sites met the 1% criterion.
NE ae: a nS ee ee ee Se 1% = 1,000 (centralis, South Asia), 10,000 (sakhalina, East Asia; kistchinskii, unknown), 7,500 (articola, East Asia), 9 (actites, unknown). As the non-breeding grounds of the subspecies overlap, it was difficult to apply the 1% criterion to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway population; therefore 10,000 was used as the 1% criterion for identifying internationally important sites in East and Southeast Asia. Twenty-five sites met the 1% criterion.
Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus CR
Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus CR
Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus opoon-piltea oanapiper CUurynormyncnus Ppygmeus Gn 1% = 30. The species is one of the rarest shorebird species in the world, and is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway. It was recorded at only 24 sites, with four sites in Bangladesh meeting the 1% criterion.
Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus opoon-piltea oanapiper CUurynormyncnus Ppygmeus Gn 1% = 30. The species is one of the rarest shorebird species in the world, and is restricted to the East Asian — Australasian Flyway. It was recorded at only 24 sites, with four sites in Bangladesh meeting the 1% criterion.
1% = 1,000 (South Asia). The species was recorded across its normal range and far beyond. Forty-one sites in South Asia meet the 1% criterion. Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus BEN PEE te PEE ae Pee 2 Seeereer a PROC EC OC 1% = 10,000 (South and Southeast Asia). The species was recorded at few sites and in limited numbers across its range. This is a largely offshore species and hence was undercounted. According to Nial Moores (quote as M32 by Wetlands International 2006) the species has shown a very sharp decline in Japan and Korea since the 1990s.
1% = 1,000 (South Asia). The species was recorded across its normal range and far beyond. Forty-one sites in South Asia meet the 1% criterion. Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus BEN PEE te PEE ae Pee 2 Seeereer a PROC EC OC 1% = 10,000 (South and Southeast Asia). The species was recorded at few sites and in limited numbers across its range. This is a largely offshore species and hence was undercounted. According to Nial Moores (quote as M32 by Wetlands International 2006) the species has shown a very sharp decline in Japan and Korea since the 1990s.
Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus DPE IC aMCU MUTT RGU MIMICS VIIGIUS 1% = 1,500 (South Asia, Indochina and South China). The species was reported from across its range with 36 sites meeting the 1% criterion. Chapora Estuary, Goa, India, alone recorded 34,000 individuals in 2007. Great Black-headed Gull, Pallas’s Gull Larus ichthyaetus
Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus DPE IC aMCU MUTT RGU MIMICS VIIGIUS 1% = 1,500 (South Asia, Indochina and South China). The species was reported from across its range with 36 sites meeting the 1% criterion. Chapora Estuary, Goa, India, alone recorded 34,000 individuals in 2007. Great Black-headed Gull, Pallas’s Gull Larus ichthyaetus
Common Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus 1% = 960. The species is restricted to New Zealand. It was recorded at 16 sites, with only Ellesmere Lake, Canterbury Province, meeting the 1% criterion (1,592 individuals in 2006) The 1% criterion for the South, East and Southeast Asian populations are unknown and Li and Mundkur (2007) estimated it as between 125,000 and 2,000,000; therefore 20,000 individuals was used as the 1% for this report. Four sites met this criterion. This is the most widely distributed gull species, recorded at 1,015 sites, with large concentrations in mainland China anc India. Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province, China, alone recorded 100,000 individuals in 1991.
Common Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus 1% = 960. The species is restricted to New Zealand. It was recorded at 16 sites, with only Ellesmere Lake, Canterbury Province, meeting the 1% criterion (1,592 individuals in 2006) The 1% criterion for the South, East and Southeast Asian populations are unknown and Li and Mundkur (2007) estimated it as between 125,000 and 2,000,000; therefore 20,000 individuals was used as the 1% for this report. Four sites met this criterion. This is the most widely distributed gull species, recorded at 1,015 sites, with large concentrations in mainland China anc India. Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province, China, alone recorded 100,000 individuals in 1991.
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei
Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis
Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis
Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis ————E——E————E———EE———— ee ee 1% = 1,700 (benghalensis, South Asia); the Australasian population of torresii is unknown. The species was recorded across South, Southeast Asia and Australasia, with three sites in Sri Lanka meeting the 1% criterion.
Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis ————E——E————E———EE———— ee ee 1% = 1,700 (benghalensis, South Asia); the Australasian population of torresii is unknown. The species was recorded across South, Southeast Asia and Australasia, with three sites in Sri Lanka meeting the 1% criterion.
Saunders’s Tern Sterna saundersii 1% = 750 (pusilla, South Asia and Southeast Asia), 1,000 (sinensis, Southeast Asia to Australia), 150 (placens, Australasia). Nine sites met the 1% criterion. Little Tern Sterna albifrons
Saunders’s Tern Sterna saundersii 1% = 750 (pusilla, South Asia and Southeast Asia), 1,000 (sinensis, Southeast Asia to Australia), 150 (placens, Australasia). Nine sites met the 1% criterion. Little Tern Sterna albifrons
Black-bellied Tern Sterna melanogaster NT eee eee ee 1% = 25 (nereis, South and East Australia), 60 (horni, West Australia), 1 (davisae, New Zealand). The species was reported from two sites in Australia. One site, Corner Inlet, Victoria, Australia, met the 1% criterion (105 individuals in 2007).
Black-bellied Tern Sterna melanogaster NT eee eee ee 1% = 25 (nereis, South and East Australia), 60 (horni, West Australia), 1 (davisae, New Zealand). The species was reported from two sites in Australia. One site, Corner Inlet, Victoria, Australia, met the 1% criterion (105 individuals in 2007).
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus
White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus
White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus
Se bee The species was recorded at 89 sites in South Asia. The total population is estimated at 2,500 tc 9,999 birds (BirdLife International 2008b). Pallas’s Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus VU The species is restricted to the | range of the AWC and was recorded at a total of 192 sites. It was observed mainly in coastal areas.
Se bee The species was recorded at 89 sites in South Asia. The total population is estimated at 2,500 tc 9,999 birds (BirdLife International 2008b). Pallas’s Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus VU The species is restricted to the | range of the AWC and was recorded at a total of 192 sites. It was observed mainly in coastal areas.
Lesser Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis NT a i ~ The species was recorded at 19 sites in northern East Asia. Its total population is estimated atc 5,000 birds (Ferguson-Lee et a. (2001) BirdLife International (2008b)).
Lesser Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis NT a i ~ The species was recorded at 19 sites in northern East Asia. Its total population is estimated atc 5,000 birds (Ferguson-Lee et a. (2001) BirdLife International (2008b)).
LCOS! FIOM BQyIt PUM YUNMHGAWGE HUES INT The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia and was recorded at a total of 15 sites. The total population is estimated at c. 10,000 birds (BirdLife International 2008b).
LCOS! FIOM BQyIt PUM YUNMHGAWGE HUES INT The species is restricted to South, East and Southeast Asia and was recorded at a total of 15 sites. The total population is estimated at c. 10,000 birds (BirdLife International 2008b).
Cinereous (Monk) Vulture Aegypius monachus NT
Cinereous (Monk) Vulture Aegypius monachus NT
White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis CR
White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis CR
Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos The species was recorded at a total of 61 sites in South and Southeast Asia. ee The species v was s recorded at a total of 22 sites in South Asia.
Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos The species was recorded at a total of 61 sites in South and Southeast Asia. ee The species v was s recorded at a total of 22 sites in South Asia.
Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga VU The species was recorded at only nine sites in South Asia and Myanmar. The species was reported from 110 sites in South, East and Southeast Asia. Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus
Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga VU The species was recorded at only nine sites in South Asia and Myanmar. The species was reported from 110 sites in South, East and Southeast Asia. Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus
Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis steppe Eagie Aquila nipaiensis The species was reported from nine sites in South Asia and Malaysia.
Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis steppe Eagie Aquila nipaiensis The species was reported from nine sites in South Asia and Malaysia.
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos The species was reported from 27 sites in South and East Asia and Malaysia. MIVIUCH! LaQglie AQUId CF YodatiGse The species was reported from nine sites in the Republic of Korea.
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos The species was reported from 27 sites in South and East Asia and Malaysia. MIVIUCH! LaQglie AQUId CF YodatiGse The species was reported from nine sites in the Republic of Korea.
Wandering Whistling Duck Dendrocygna arcuata
Wandering Whistling Duck Dendrocygna arcuata
Spotted Whistling Duck Dendrocygna guttata
Spotted Whistling Duck Dendrocygna guttata
Australian Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris Variable Oystercatcher Haematopus unicolor
Australian Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris Variable Oystercatcher Haematopus unicolor
Table 5: Data available for population trends of dabbling ducks in East Asia, 1998-2007 Table 6: Trend diagnosis for populations of dabbling ducks in East Asia, 1998-2007
Table 5: Data available for population trends of dabbling ducks in East Asia, 1998-2007 Table 6: Trend diagnosis for populations of dabbling ducks in East Asia, 1998-2007
Figure 39: Population trend estimated using TRIM for Gadwall in East Asia, 1998-2007 Figure 38: Population trend estimated using TRIM for Spot-billed Duck in East Asia, 1998-2007
Figure 39: Population trend estimated using TRIM for Gadwall in East Asia, 1998-2007 Figure 38: Population trend estimated using TRIM for Spot-billed Duck in East Asia, 1998-2007
4.2.1.2 Population trend of Black-faced Spoonbill
4.2.1.2 Population trend of Black-faced Spoonbill
Table 7: Data available for population trends of Black-faced Spoonbill in East Asia, 1998-2007
Table 7: Data available for population trends of Black-faced Spoonbill in East Asia, 1998-2007
Table 8: Trend diagnosis for populations of Black-faced Spoonbill in East Asia, 1998-2007
Table 8: Trend diagnosis for populations of Black-faced Spoonbill in East Asia, 1998-2007
The AWC is supported by a network of volunteers and coordinated by the following organisations in countries which work closely with Wetlands International.
The AWC is supported by a network of volunteers and coordinated by the following organisations in countries which work closely with Wetlands International.

Key takeaways

  • This updated information for the now 20 years of the operations and results of the AWC from 1987-2007 in this report will help governments in the region to continue to identify those wetlands which qualify for designation as Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar sites), particularly in the application of Ramsar Criteria 5 (sites which regularly support >20,000 waterbirds) and 6 (sites which regularly support 1% or more of a biogeographic population of waterbirds).
  • • The Asian Waterbird Census (AWC), which covers South, East and Southeast Asia (including eastern Russia) and Australasia, is coordinated from the Wetlands International office in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (see e.g. Mundkur 2004, 2007).
  • • the Ramsar Convention in identifying Wetlands of International Importance through regular monitoring of waterbird sites; • the Convention of Migratory Species (CMS) by monitoring the status of migratory waterbirds and their habitats; • the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in its goal to conserve and use biodiversity sustainably; and • species and site conservation and research programmes and campaigns to raise awareness of the importance of wetlands and waterbirds in many countries As an important programme for waterbird conservation, the AWC has been widely recognised by agencies and organisations responsible for nature conservation at local, national and international levels, and there is a need to develop a long-term strategy to ensure the successful future development and delivery of the AWC at all these levels.
  • The waterbird monitoring data generated by the AWC provide a valuable information base for the Convention and its Contracting Parties in promoting the conservation and management of migratory waterbirds and their habitats in the region.
  • Of all the waterbirds and wetland-dependent birds counted by the AWC, 77 species are of conservation concern according to BirdLife International (2008a) Of the waterbird and wetland-dependent species covered by the census, 174 species are listed by the CMS: 28 and 146 species in Appendices I and II respectively.

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