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1993, Nuclear Physics B
The path integral approach to representing braid group is generalized for particles with spin. Introducing the notion of charged winding number in the super-plane, we represent the braid group generators as homotopically constrained Feynman kernels. In this framework, super Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov operators appear naturally in the Hamiltonian, suggesting the possibility of spinning nonabelian anyons. We then apply our formulation to the study of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). A systematic discussion of the ground states and their quasi-hole excitations is given. We obtain Laughlin, Halperin and Moore-Read states as exact ground state solutions to the respective Hamiltonians associated to the braid group representations. The energy gap of the quasi-excitation is also obtainable from this approach.
In this paper, we report on the study of Abelian and non-Abelian statistics through Fabry-Perot interferometry of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) systems. Our detection of phase slips in quantum interference experiments demonstrates a powerful, new way of detecting braiding of anyons. We confirm the Abelian anyonic braiding statistics in the $\nu = 7/3$ FQH state through detection of the predicted statistical phase angle of $2\pi/3$, consistent with a change of the anyonic particle number by one. The $\nu = 5/2$ FQH state is theoretically believed to harbor non-Abelian anyons which are Majorana, meaning that each pair of quasiparticles contain a neutral fermion orbital which can be occupied or unoccupied and hence can act as a qubit. In this case our observed statistical phase slips agree with a theoretical model where the Majoranas are strongly coupled to each other, and strongly coupled to the edge modes of the interferometer. In particular, an observed phase slip of approximately $...
International Journal of Modern Physics B, 1992
We show that the notion of mutual statistics arises naturally from the representation theory of the braid group over the multi-sheeted surface. A Hamiltonian which describes particles moving on the double-sheeted surface is proposed as a model for the bilayered fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) discovered recently. We explicitly show that the quasi-holes of the bilayered Hall fluid display fractional mutual statistics. A model for 3-dimensional FQHE using the multi-layered sample is suggested.
2007
In Part VI we consider topological field theory that is beyond the descriptions of Feynman diagrams. We begin with the introduction of topological objects in different dimensions in Part VI.1, followed by Part VI.2 describing the phenomenology of integer quantum Hall (IQH) and fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effects in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Topics related to fractional statistics and anyons in two dimensions, and theory of braid and permutation groups, are covered in Part VI.3. Effective field theory based on U(1) Chern-Simons theory for modeling the abelian FQH states and their corresponding edge excitations is described in Part VI.4. Finally in Part VI.5 we consider basic properties of non-abelian anyons, including their braiding and fusion rules, and the potential applications of non-abelian anyons to quantum computation. Candidates of non-abelian FQH states and possible means of experimentally verifying nonabelian statistics will also be briefly discussed.
viXra, 2014
The purpose of this paper is to explain the pattern of fill factors observed in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE), which appears to be restricted to odd-integer denominators as well as the sole even-integer denominator of 2. The method is to use the mathematics of gauge theory to develop Dirac monopoles without strings as originally taught by Wu and Yang, while accounting for orientation / entanglement and related “twistor” relationships between spinors and their environment in the physical space of spacetime. We find that the odd-integer denominators are included and the even-integer denominators are excluded if we regard two fermions as equivalent only if both their orientation and their entanglement are the same, i.e., only if they are separated by 4π not 2π. We also find that the even integer denominator of 2 is permitted because unit charges can pair into boson states which do not have the same entanglement considerations as fermions, and that all other even-integer den...
Physical Review B, 2003
We propose to describe bulk wave functions of fractional quantum HALL states in terms of correlators of non-unitary b/c-spin systems. These yield a promising conformal field theory analogon of the composite fermion picture of JAIN. Fractional statistics is described by twist fields which naturally appear in the b/c-spin systems. We provide a geometrical interpretation of our approach in which bulk wave functions are seen as holomorphic functions over a ramified covering of the complex plane, where the ramification precisely resembles the fractional statistics of the quasi-particle excitations in terms of branch points on the complex plane. To extend JAIN's main series, we use the concept of composite fermions pairing to spin singlets, which enjoys a natural description in terms of the particular c = −2 b/c-spin system as known from the HALDANE-REZAYI state. In this way we derive conformal field theory proposals for lowest LANDAU level bulk wave functions for more general filling fractions. We obtain a natural classification of the experimentally confirmed filling fractions which does not contain prominent unobserved fillings. Furthermore, our scheme fits together with classifications in terms of K-matrices of effective multilayer theories leading to striking restrictions of these coupling matrices.
An exotic feature of the fractional quantum Hall effect is the emergence of anyons, which are quasiparticle excitations with fractional statistics. In the presence of a symmetry, such as U (1) charge conservation, it is well known that anyons can carry fractional symmetry quantum numbers. In this work we reveal a different class of symmetry realizations: i.e. anyons can " breed " in multiples under symmetry operation. We focus on the global Ising (Z2) symmetry and show examples of these unconventional symmetry realizations in Laughlin-type fractional quantum Hall states. One remarkable consequence of such an Ising symmetry is the emergence of anyons on the Ising symmetry domain walls. We also provide a mathematical framework which generalizes this phenomenon to any Abelian topological orders.
Nuclear Physics B, 1994
In this paper we study the spectrum of low-energy edge excitations of a fractional quantum Hall (FQH) droplet. We show how to generate, by conformal field theory (CFT) techniques, the many-electron wave functions for the edge states. And we propose to classify the spectrum of the edge states by the same chiral operator product algebra (OPA) that appears in the CFT description of the ground state in the bulk. This bulk-edge correspondence is suggested particularly for FQH systems that support quasiparticles obeying non-abelian braid statistics, including the v =~Haldane-Rezayi state. Numerical diagonalization to count the low-lying edge states has been done for several non-abelian FQH systems, showing good agreement in all cases with the chiral OPA predictions. The specific heat of the edge excitations in those non-abelian states is also calculated.
viXra, 2014
The purpose of this paper is to explain the pattern of fill factors observed in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE), which appears to be restricted to odd-integer denominators as well as the sole even-integer denominator of 2. The method is to use the mathematics of gauge theory to develop Dirac monopoles without strings as originally taught by Wu and Yang, while accounting for orientation / entanglement relationships between spinors and their environment in the physical space of spacetime. We find that the odd-integer denominators are included and the even-integer denominators are excluded if we regard two fermions as equivalent only if both their orientation and their entanglement are the same, i.e., only if they are separated by 4π not 2π. We also find that the even integer denominator of 2 is permitted because unit charges can pair into boson states which do not have the same entanglement considerations as fermions, and that all other even-integer denominators are excluded...
2002
The current state of the theory of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect is critically analyzed, especially the generally accepted concept of composite fermions. It is argued that there is no sound theoretical foundation for this concept. A simple one-dimensional model is proposed, which presumably has an energy spectrum similar to that of the FQHE system.
Nuclear Physics B, 1994
Some algebraic issues of the FQHE are presented. First, it is shown that on the space of Laughlin wavefunctions describing the ν = 1/m FQHE, there is an underlying W ∞ algebra, which plays the role of a spectrum generating algebra and expresses the symmetry of the ground state. Its generators are expressed in a second quantized language in terms of fermion and vortex operators. Second, we present the naturally emerging algebraic structure once a general two-body interaction is introduced and discuss some of its properties.
Fractional Quantum Hall Effects, 2020
Certain fractional quantum Hall wavefunctions -particularly including the Laughlin, Moore-Read, and Read-Rezayi wavefunctions -have special structure that makes them amenable to analysis using an exeptionally wide range of techniques including conformal field theory (CFT), thin cylinder or torus limit, study of symmetric polynomials and Jack polynomials, and so-called "special" parent Hamiltonians. This review discusses these techniques as well as explaining to what degree some other quantum Hall wavefunctions share this special structure. Along the way we will explore the physics of quantum Hall edges, entanglement spectra, quasiparticles, nonabelian braiding statistics, and Hall viscosity, among other topics. As compared to a number of other recent reviews, most of this review is written so as to not rely on results from conformal field theory -although a short discussion of a few key relations to CFT are included near the end.
Modern Physics Letters B, 1993
We derive the braid relations of the charged anyons interacting with a magnetic field on Riemann surfaces. The braid relations are used to calculate the quasiparticle's spin in the fractional quantum Hall states on Riemann surfaces. The quasiparticle's spin is found to be topological independent and satisfies physical restrictions.
Physics Letters A, 1992
We calculate the spin of the quasi-particle in the fractional quantum Hall effect by considering the fractional quantum Hall effect on the sphere. We do this either by analyzing the hierarchical wave function on the sphere or by calculating the Berry phase of the quasi-particle moving in a closed path on the sphere. We then discuss the spin-statistics relation in this case.
2014
The purpose of this paper is to explain the pattern of fill factors observed in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE), which appear s to be restricted to odd-integer denominators as well as the sole even-integer denom inator of 2. The method is to use the mathematics of gauge theory to develop Dirac monopo les without strings as originally taught by Wu and Yang, while accounting for orientation / ent anglement and related “twistor” relationships between spinors and their environment in the physical space of spacetime. We find that the odd-integer denominators are included and the even-integer denominators are excluded if we regard two fermions as equivalent only if bot h their orientation and their entanglement are the same, i.e., only if they are separated by 4 π not 2π. We also find that the even integer denominator of 2 is permitted because unit charges can pair into boson states which do not have the same entanglement considerations as fermions, a nd that all other even-inte...
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2005
An anyon wave function (characterized by the statistical factor n) projected onto the lowest Landau level is derived for the fractional quantum Hall effect states at filling factor ν = n/(2pn + 1) (p and n are integers). We study the properties of the anyon wave function by using detailed Monte Carlo simulations in disk geometry and show that the anyon ground-state energy is a lower bound to the composite fermion one. Our results suggest that the composite fermions can be viewed as a combination of anyons and a fluid of charge-neutral dipoles.
1993
One kind of hierarchical wave functions of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE) on the torus are constructed. The multi-component nature of anyon wave functions and the degeneracy of FQHE on the torus are very clear reflected in this kind of wave functions. We also calculate the braid statistics of the quasiparticles in FQHE on the torus and show they fit to the picture of anyons interacting with magnetic field on the torus obtained from braid group analysis
2014
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explain the pattern of fill factors observed in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE), which appears to be restricted to odd-integer denominators as well as the sole even-integer denominator of 2. The method is to use the mathematics of gauge theory to develop Dirac monopoles without strings as originally taught by Wu and Yang, while accounting for orientation / entanglement and related “twistor” relationships between spinors and their environment in the physical space of spacetime. We find that the odd-integer denominators are included and the even-integer denominators are excluded if we regard two fermions as equivalent only if both their orientation and their entanglement are the same, i.e., only if they are separated by 4π not 2π. We also find that the even integer denominator of 2 is permitted because unit charges can pair into boson states which do not have the same entanglement considerations as fermions, and that all other even-i...
2010
We study various aspects of the topological quantum computation scheme based on the non-Abelian anyons corresponding to fractional quantum hall effect states at filling fraction 5/2 using the Temperley-Lieb recoupling theory. Unitary braiding matrices are obtained by a normalization of the degenerate ground states of a system of anyons, which is equivalent to a modification of the definition of the 3-vertices in the Temperley-Lieb recoupling theory as proposed by Kauffman and Lomonaco. With the braid matrices available, we discuss the problems of encoding of qubit states and construction of quantum gates from the elementary braiding operation matrices for the Ising anyons model. In the encoding scheme where 2 qubits are represented by 8 Ising anyons, we give an alternative proof of the no-entanglement theorem given by Bravyi and compare it to the case of Fibonacci anyons model. In the encoding scheme where 2 qubits are represented by 6 Ising anyons,
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1986
We give a brief introduction to the phenomenon of the Fractional Quantum Hall effect, whose discovery was awarded the Nobel prize in 1998. We also explain the composite fermion picture which describes the fractional quantum Hall effect as the integer quantum Hall effect of composite fermions.
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