Social Developmental Psychology

An empirical investigation was conducted of young Palestinian, Jordanian, Israeli-Palestinian, and Israeli-Jewish children's (N = 433; M = 5.7 years of age) cultural stereotypes and their evaluations of peer intergroup exclusion based upon a number of different factors, including being from a different country and speaking a different language. Children in this study live in a geographical region that has a history of cultural and religious tension, violence, and extreme intergroup conflict. Our findings revealed that the negative consequences of living with intergroup tension are related to the use of stereotypes. At the same time, the results for moral judgments and evaluations about excluding peers provided positive results about the young children's inclusive views regarding peer interactions. The Middle East is a region that has been plagued with political conflict for some time; conflict that has often spilled over into daily violence among the civilian populations living in the area. Yet, even with the recent surge in violence across the area, little research has

The psychological adjustment of ethnic minority children has received little research attention, particularly in Britain. The present study set out to investigate the adjustment of Indian children living in Britain as well as the adjustment of their English peers. The sample consisted of 125 children (66 Indian and 59 English) between the ages of 7 and 9 years ( M = 8.51, SD = 0.62) and their parents and teachers. Mothers, fathers, and teachers reported about the children’s problem behaviour, and parents also reported on their acculturation strategy and use of their Indian language. Analyses revealed that overall Indian children seem to be well adjusted in Britain. Nevertheless, according to parental reports, they exhibited more internalising problems than did their English peers. No significant differences, however, were found for externalising or total problem behaviour. Furthermore, within the Indian group, it was found that children whose mothers and fathers were more traditiona...

The phenomenon of translingualism, which is so actively studied today, is a rather complex construct that requires comprehensive transscientific consideration. Otherwise, its structure, disassembled by units of analysis and not yet established, can be distorted to the point of impossibility of its reproduction. At the same time, there is a sufficient number of scientific works within the framework of this problem, on the results of which it is possible to model this construct. On the other hand, modelling requires a more or less unambiguous definition of the object of modelling and scientific and philosophical foundations. In this regard, we propose the transdisciplinarity approach to defining the translingualism.

This study explores the relationship between tolerance of corruption, in-group/out-group sensitivity to differences in random monetary distributions, and sociodemographic variables in young students in Colombia. The results offer evidence of a relationship between aversion to monetary inequity and a reduced tolerance for corrupt acts among young people. The design included two experiments: a corruption task (CT) and a sensitivity to difference in monetary rewards (MR) task. MR had two conditions, one implying social bias as a variable. Participation involved a sample of 220 students, ranging in age from fifteen to twenty-three, representing both public and private universities in Colombia. Participants with preferences for fair distributions had a lower tolerance of corruption. In this study, cognitive and sociodemographic factors influencing corruption tolerance among Colombian youth are identified. Likewise, the methodology used to investigate corruption tolerance is outlined and the mediating role of sensitivity to monetary differences in said acceptance is examined.

Cosmopolitanism in Decline:
The decline of arrogant cosmopolitanism after 100 years of activist social science!
A View from the Margins.
Tentative outline
Peter Emanuel Franks
© March 2025
• Globalization: Zero de Conduit
• The dangers of the Grand Plans/ Pie in the sky
• So let it be written so let it be done” said the Pharoah. Elites rushing things at the speed of thought rather than at the slow speed of real sensuous activity, which is required
• Infantile social engineering and it’s ‘unintended’ but/yet foreseeable consequences. Expanding into misguided regime change on an unimaginable scale with dire consequences for the entire world order.
• Information war on a global scale and within nation states and whatever grasping spheres of influence. Its propaganda by immersion through the cell phones.
The arrogance of the cosmopolitan and their consequent ignorance and disrespect of the ‘others’, the backward and the ‘deplorables’. The Rockefeller-Spelman foundation and the stimulation of the social sciences cheerled by Margaret Mead and others. The integrating system of values with the ‘coming of age of social science’ or what Mead describes as, “… the lost innocence of World WAR II, that truth can harm.” Thus she arrives at the following after serious discussions among the members of the Society for Applied Anthropology held in 1949.: Margaret Mead (1950) in her reflection of the decade 1939 – 1949  makes it quite plain that the social sciences have to manipulate the people for their own good. When discussing what anthropologists and social scientists in general, can contribute she wrote:
“Implement plans for altering our present culture, by recognising the importance of including the social scientist within his experimental material, and by recognizing that by working toward defined ends we commit ourselves to the manipulation of persons, and therefore to the negation of democracy. Only by working in terms of values which are limited to defining a direction, is it possible for us to use scientific methods in the control of the process without the negation of the moral autonomy of the human spirit”
But, this is not the only misdirection in the social sciences.
Clearly shades of the woke culture of today. A dead end or a new beginning?
• Disrespect for particularities and the imposition of the numerical democratic model.
• Premature totalization following the followers of Kant, though not Kant himself!
• Marx the cosmopolitan: Moses Hess’ rejection of Marx’s cosmopolitan internationalism, and idea of the “Universal Man” and who proposed that, “Internationalism should unite, not abolish, nations” 
• Hess’ argument is echoed somewhat in McDougal’s later important distinction between “cosmopolitan internationalism” and “national internationalism”.
• The rejection of particularities and their histories and cultures is an essential component of the beginning of social science where so called ]scientific] decisions are made by so-called ‘consensus’. That is politically, resulting in premature totalization of reality and its possibilities with the reduction of political, ethical, cultural and religious complexity to simplistic technical solutions.
• General, The Right Honourable Jan Christian Smuts’ Holism and Evolution as the birth of cosmopolitanism through Holism – “an ontological as well as a cosmological imminent Principle - the Ultimate Reality.” (p. 87-88)  Cf Hitlers understanding of history in guiding the Volk. We all have our ‘geists’
• McDougal versus the social anthropologists after Boas: Mead and others
• Boas, it is important to remember the origins and founder statements on Anthropology as represented by Frans Boas in the 1920’s, which capture this clear acceptance of this dominative social engineering attitude to others be they African, Jewish or whatever. This perspective is clearly expressed in Boas’ oft repeated paragraph from the conclusion of, “The Problems of the American Negro in America”, Yale Quarterly Review, p. 383, January 1921, and in concluding the chapter on, “The Negro in America”, in Race and Democratic Society ,1945 p. 81, as well as elsewhere):
“Thus, it would seem that man being what he is, the Negro problem will not disappear in America until the Negro blood has been so much diluted that it will no longer be recognised just as antisemitism will not disappear until the last vestige of the Jew as a Jew has disappeared”.
Boas’ assimilationist solution, which denies cultural differences, as well as the histories of particularities and their people, in fact suggests their demise, in favour of the secular universals of the West. Is this not a call for genocide?
• Nature/Nurture and the ideological victory of equity but smuggling genetics in through the back door
• The Liberal Consensus (Actually a convention)  Cancelling, McDougal, Eysenck, Carleton Coon etc. The first cancelling, Note: there is renewed effort to cancel McDougall for his eugenicist views by the APA.
• The Dominating Dialogue focussing the two sided message to the opinion leaders (cf two stage communications Katz)
• Censorship and filtering of science through the so-called liberal consensus, whereby scientific conflicts were resolved through ‘consensus’, locking in the premature totalization and the illusions of liberal cosmopolitanism, and laying the ground for other views to be defined as misinformation of whatever sort, and even racist, In the case of the race dialogue. However, reality does not disappear through such a sleight of hand (Umcentrieurung)
• “Umcentrieurung” and the illusion of democracy
• The Gestalt Psychology of Kurt Lewin and the illusion of . One could say there is nothing as good as a good theory / narrative.
• The fetishization of participation,
• Inclusion as an alibi for disrespect.
• Identity politics and the fetishization of individual difference (LGBTQ etc) (My friends transcultural miracle and Angela Davis’ surprise. Anything is possible
• The Strengthening of particularities
• The Boer War and the demise of British impunity, The first Afrikaans se “liberation” movement
• The liberation movements and self-determination usually lost in the grab for power and greed in the emerging nations
• Re-emergence of old Nationalisms in Europe
• Rise of Russia, China and India as well as other Asian, African and South American  countries what is commonly referred to as the Global South.
• Rise of indigenous power and voices (undoing the liberal standards of separate is by definition unequal, i.e., calls in Bolivia for separate and equal, multiple nationalities etc)
• The reemergence of a will to self determination among the particularities of all shapes and sizes.
• From indigeneity to spirit murder.

• Recognition of the pluriverse.
• Collapse of the dominating dialogue between Democracy and Communism
• Collapse of the liberal ideology with (paired to) the demise of Apartheid.
• Appearance of the multi polar world with the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the view that the world was uni-polar was held asway until around the outbreak of the Ukraine war
• Emergence of BRICS and other Asian international collectives which can challenge Western hegemony.
• Emergence of a competing approach to democracy What China calls “whole process democracy”?  Versus numerical democracy touted yet not practiced by the USA.
• The imminent decline of the cosmopolitan universe.
• Increasingly desperate religious fervour among the cosmopolitan elites, crisis politics (energy, covid, environment, food, mass migration, terrorism etc) crisis = terror
• The international monetary reset in progress
• Rise of alternative blocs and a myriad of particularities with their own voices, values and intentions.
• The failures of cosmopolitanism
• It is dangerous to do science by convention. It leads to premature totalization, censoring and cancelling viable alternatives. It comes back to haunt the enterprise of science. It requires open, thorough and critical dialogue and discussion can take place unhindered by ideological and political interests. (cf. societal psychology)
• The ideological failure of the cosmopolitan gaze. Too much certainty and mythologising
• The emerging conflict:
• International Cosmopolitan universalisms  versus particularites and pluriversalism towards multipolarity within and between countries guiding their own developmental objectives in a complimentary world where self determination and cooperation can evolve, without the domination of any hegemonic power(s).
• Hegemonic universals with their individuals versus the sovereignty of semiospheres and their persons (people has the double meaning of persons and a particular ontology i.e., a particularity. As defined by themselves.)

Cosmopolitanism in Decline:
The decline of arrogant cosmopolitanism after 100 years of activist social science!
A View from the Margins.
Tentative outline
Peter Emanuel Franks
© March 2025
• Globalization: Zero de Conduit
• The dangers of the Grand Plans/ Pie in the sky
• So let it be written so let it be done” said the Pharoah. Elites rushing things at the speed of thought rather than at the slow speed of real sensuous activity, which is required
• Infantile social engineering and it’s ‘unintended’ but/yet foreseeable consequences. Expanding into misguided regime change on an unimaginable scale with dire consequences for the entire world order.
• Information war on a global scale and within nation states and whatever grasping spheres of influence. Its propaganda by immersion through the cell phones.
The arrogance of the cosmopolitan and their consequent ignorance and disrespect of the ‘others’, the backward and the ‘deplorables’. The Rockefeller-Spelman foundation and the stimulation of the social sciences cheerled by Margaret Mead and others. The integrating system of values with the ‘coming of age of social science’ or what Mead describes as, “… the lost innocence of World WAR II, that truth can harm.” Thus she arrives at the following after serious discussions among the members of the Society for Applied Anthropology held in 1949.: Margaret Mead (1950) in her reflection of the decade 1939 – 1949  makes it quite plain that the social sciences have to manipulate the people for their own good. When discussing what anthropologists and social scientists in general, can contribute she wrote:
“Implement plans for altering our present culture, by recognising the importance of including the social scientist within his experimental material, and by recognizing that by working toward defined ends we commit ourselves to the manipulation of persons, and therefore to the negation of democracy. Only by working in terms of values which are limited to defining a direction, is it possible for us to use scientific methods in the control of the process without the negation of the moral autonomy of the human spirit”
But, this is not the only misdirection in the social sciences.
Clearly shades of the woke culture of today. A dead end or a new beginning?
• Disrespect for particularities and the imposition of the numerical democratic model.
• Premature totalization following the followers of Kant, though not Kant himself!
• Marx the cosmopolitan: Moses Hess’ rejection of Marx’s cosmopolitan internationalism, and idea of the “Universal Man” and who proposed that, “Internationalism should unite, not abolish, nations” 
• Hess’ argument is echoed somewhat in McDougal’s later important distinction between “cosmopolitan internationalism” and “national internationalism”.
• The rejection of particularities and their histories and cultures is an essential component of the beginning of social science where so called ]scientific] decisions are made by so-called ‘consensus’. That is politically, resulting in premature totalization of reality and its possibilities with the reduction of political, ethical, cultural and religious complexity to simplistic technical solutions.
• General, The Right Honourable Jan Christian Smuts’ Holism and Evolution as the birth of cosmopolitanism through Holism – “an ontological as well as a cosmological imminent Principle - the Ultimate Reality.” (p. 87-88)  Cf Hitlers understanding of history in guiding the Volk. We all have our ‘geists’
• McDougal versus the social anthropologists after Boas: Mead and others
• Boas, it is important to remember the origins and founder statements on Anthropology as represented by Frans Boas in the 1920’s, which capture this clear acceptance of this dominative social engineering attitude to others be they African, Jewish or whatever. This perspective is clearly expressed in Boas’ oft repeated paragraph from the conclusion of, “The Problems of the American Negro in America”, Yale Quarterly Review, p. 383, January 1921, and in concluding the chapter on, “The Negro in America”, in Race and Democratic Society ,1945 p. 81, as well as elsewhere):
“Thus, it would seem that man being what he is, the Negro problem will not disappear in America until the Negro blood has been so much diluted that it will no longer be recognised just as antisemitism will not disappear until the last vestige of the Jew as a Jew has disappeared”.
Boas’ assimilationist solution, which denies cultural differences, as well as the histories of particularities and their people, in fact suggests their demise, in favour of the secular universals of the West. Is this not a call for genocide?
• Nature/Nurture and the ideological victory of equity but smuggling genetics in through the back door
• The Liberal Consensus (Actually a convention)  Cancelling, McDougal, Eysenck, Carleton Coon etc. The first cancelling, Note: there is renewed effort to cancel McDougall for his eugenicist views by the APA.
• The Dominating Dialogue focussing the two sided message to the opinion leaders (cf two stage communications Katz)
• Censorship and filtering of science through the so-called liberal consensus, whereby scientific conflicts were resolved through ‘consensus’, locking in the premature totalization and the illusions of liberal cosmopolitanism, and laying the ground for other views to be defined as misinformation of whatever sort, and even racist, In the case of the race dialogue. However, reality does not disappear through such a sleight of hand (Umcentrieurung)
• “Umcentrieurung” and the illusion of democracy
• The Gestalt Psychology of Kurt Lewin and the illusion of . One could say there is nothing as good as a good theory / narrative.
• The fetishization of participation,
• Inclusion as an alibi for disrespect.
• Identity politics and the fetishization of individual difference (LGBTQ etc) (My friends transcultural miracle and Angela Davis’ surprise. Anything is possible
• The Strengthening of particularities
• The Boer War and the demise of British impunity, The first Afrikaans se “liberation” movement
• The liberation movements and self-determination usually lost in the grab for power and greed in the emerging nations
• Re-emergence of old Nationalisms in Europe
• Rise of Russia, China and India as well as other Asian, African and South American  countries what is commonly referred to as the Global South.
• Rise of indigenous power and voices (undoing the liberal standards of separate is by definition unequal, i.e., calls in Bolivia for separate and equal, multiple nationalities etc)
• The reemergence of a will to self determination among the particularities of all shapes and sizes.
• From indigeneity to spirit murder.

• Recognition of the pluriverse.
• Collapse of the dominating dialogue between Democracy and Communism
• Collapse of the liberal ideology with (paired to) the demise of Apartheid.
• Appearance of the multi polar world with the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the view that the world was uni-polar was held asway until around the outbreak of the Ukraine war
• Emergence of BRICS and other Asian international collectives which can challenge Western hegemony.
• Emergence of a competing approach to democracy What China calls “whole process democracy”?  Versus numerical democracy touted yet not practiced by the USA.
• The imminent decline of the cosmopolitan universe.
• Increasingly desperate religious fervour among the cosmopolitan elites, crisis politics (energy, covid, environment, food, mass migration, terrorism etc) crisis = terror
• The international monetary reset in progress
• Rise of alternative blocs and a myriad of particularities with their own voices, values and intentions.
• The failures of cosmopolitanism
• It is dangerous to do science by convention. It leads to premature totalization, censoring and cancelling viable alternatives. It comes back to haunt the enterprise of science. It requires open, thorough and critical dialogue and discussion can take place unhindered by ideological and political interests. (cf. societal psychology)
• The ideological failure of the cosmopolitan gaze. Too much certainty and mythologising
• The emerging conflict:
• International Cosmopolitan universalisms  versus particularites and pluriversalism towards multipolarity within and between countries guiding their own developmental objectives in a complimentary world where self determination and cooperation can evolve, without the domination of any hegemonic power(s).
• Hegemonic universals with their individuals versus the sovereignty of semiospheres and their persons (people has the double meaning of persons and a particular ontology i.e., a particularity. As defined by themselves.)

Cosmopolitanism in Decline:
The decline of arrogant cosmopolitanism after 100 years of activist social science!
A View from the Margins.
Tentative outline
Peter Emanuel Franks
© March 2025
• Globalization: Zero de Conduit
• The dangers of the Grand Plans/ Pie in the sky
• So let it be written so let it be done” said the Pharoah. Elites rushing things at the speed of thought rather than at the slow speed of real sensuous activity, which is required
• Infantile social engineering and it’s ‘unintended’ but/yet foreseeable consequences. Expanding into misguided regime change on an unimaginable scale with dire consequences for the entire world order.
• Information war on a global scale and within nation states and whatever grasping spheres of influence. Its propaganda by immersion through the cell phones.
The arrogance of the cosmopolitan and their consequent ignorance and disrespect of the ‘others’, the backward and the ‘deplorables’. The Rockefeller-Spelman foundation and the stimulation of the social sciences cheerled by Margaret Mead and others. The integrating system of values with the ‘coming of age of social science’ or what Mead describes as, “… the lost innocence of World WAR II, that truth can harm.” Thus she arrives at the following after serious discussions among the members of the Society for Applied Anthropology held in 1949.: Margaret Mead (1950) in her reflection of the decade 1939 – 1949  makes it quite plain that the social sciences have to manipulate the people for their own good. When discussing what anthropologists and social scientists in general, can contribute she wrote:
“Implement plans for altering our present culture, by recognising the importance of including the social scientist within his experimental material, and by recognizing that by working toward defined ends we commit ourselves to the manipulation of persons, and therefore to the negation of democracy. Only by working in terms of values which are limited to defining a direction, is it possible for us to use scientific methods in the control of the process without the negation of the moral autonomy of the human spirit”
But, this is not the only misdirection in the social sciences.
Clearly shades of the woke culture of today. A dead end or a new beginning?
• Disrespect for particularities and the imposition of the numerical democratic model.
• Premature totalization following the followers of Kant, though not Kant himself!
• Marx the cosmopolitan: Moses Hess’ rejection of Marx’s cosmopolitan internationalism, and idea of the “Universal Man” and who proposed that, “Internationalism should unite, not abolish, nations” 
• Hess’ argument is echoed somewhat in McDougal’s later important distinction between “cosmopolitan internationalism” and “national internationalism”.
• The rejection of particularities and their histories and cultures is an essential component of the beginning of social science where so called ]scientific] decisions are made by so-called ‘consensus’. That is politically, resulting in premature totalization of reality and its possibilities with the reduction of political, ethical, cultural and religious complexity to simplistic technical solutions.
• General, The Right Honourable Jan Christian Smuts’ Holism and Evolution as the birth of cosmopolitanism through Holism – “an ontological as well as a cosmological imminent Principle - the Ultimate Reality.” (p. 87-88)  Cf Hitlers understanding of history in guiding the Volk. We all have our ‘geists’
• McDougal versus the social anthropologists after Boas: Mead and others
• Boas, it is important to remember the origins and founder statements on Anthropology as represented by Frans Boas in the 1920’s, which capture this clear acceptance of this dominative social engineering attitude to others be they African, Jewish or whatever. This perspective is clearly expressed in Boas’ oft repeated paragraph from the conclusion of, “The Problems of the American Negro in America”, Yale Quarterly Review, p. 383, January 1921, and in concluding the chapter on, “The Negro in America”, in Race and Democratic Society ,1945 p. 81, as well as elsewhere):
“Thus, it would seem that man being what he is, the Negro problem will not disappear in America until the Negro blood has been so much diluted that it will no longer be recognised just as antisemitism will not disappear until the last vestige of the Jew as a Jew has disappeared”.
Boas’ assimilationist solution, which denies cultural differences, as well as the histories of particularities and their people, in fact suggests their demise, in favour of the secular universals of the West. Is this not a call for genocide?
• Nature/Nurture and the ideological victory of equity but smuggling genetics in through the back door
• The Liberal Consensus (Actually a convention)  Cancelling, McDougal, Eysenck, Carleton Coon etc. The first cancelling, Note: there is renewed effort to cancel McDougall for his eugenicist views by the APA.
• The Dominating Dialogue focussing the two sided message to the opinion leaders (cf two stage communications Katz)
• Censorship and filtering of science through the so-called liberal consensus, whereby scientific conflicts were resolved through ‘consensus’, locking in the premature totalization and the illusions of liberal cosmopolitanism, and laying the ground for other views to be defined as misinformation of whatever sort, and even racist, In the case of the race dialogue. However, reality does not disappear through such a sleight of hand (Umcentrieurung)
• “Umcentrieurung” and the illusion of democracy
• The Gestalt Psychology of Kurt Lewin and the illusion of . One could say there is nothing as good as a good theory / narrative.
• The fetishization of participation,
• Inclusion as an alibi for disrespect.
• Identity politics and the fetishization of individual difference (LGBTQ etc) (My friends transcultural miracle and Angela Davis’ surprise. Anything is possible
• The Strengthening of particularities
• The Boer War and the demise of British impunity, The first Afrikaans se “liberation” movement
• The liberation movements and self-determination usually lost in the grab for power and greed in the emerging nations
• Re-emergence of old Nationalisms in Europe
• Rise of Russia, China and India as well as other Asian, African and South American  countries what is commonly referred to as the Global South.
• Rise of indigenous power and voices (undoing the liberal standards of separate is by definition unequal, i.e., calls in Bolivia for separate and equal, multiple nationalities etc)
• The reemergence of a will to self determination among the particularities of all shapes and sizes.
• From indigeneity to spirit murder.

• Recognition of the pluriverse.
• Collapse of the dominating dialogue between Democracy and Communism
• Collapse of the liberal ideology with (paired to) the demise of Apartheid.
• Appearance of the multi polar world with the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the view that the world was uni-polar was held asway until around the outbreak of the Ukraine war
• Emergence of BRICS and other Asian international collectives which can challenge Western hegemony.
• Emergence of a competing approach to democracy What China calls “whole process democracy”?  Versus numerical democracy touted yet not practiced by the USA.
• The imminent decline of the cosmopolitan universe.
• Increasingly desperate religious fervour among the cosmopolitan elites, crisis politics (energy, covid, environment, food, mass migration, terrorism etc) crisis = terror
• The international monetary reset in progress
• Rise of alternative blocs and a myriad of particularities with their own voices, values and intentions.
• The failures of cosmopolitanism
• It is dangerous to do science by convention. It leads to premature totalization, censoring and cancelling viable alternatives. It comes back to haunt the enterprise of science. It requires open, thorough and critical dialogue and discussion can take place unhindered by ideological and political interests. (cf. societal psychology)
• The ideological failure of the cosmopolitan gaze. Too much certainty and mythologising
• The emerging conflict:
• International Cosmopolitan universalisms  versus particularites and pluriversalism towards multipolarity within and between countries guiding their own developmental objectives in a complimentary world where self determination and cooperation can evolve, without the domination of any hegemonic power(s).
• Hegemonic universals with their individuals versus the sovereignty of semiospheres and their persons (people has the double meaning of persons and a particular ontology i.e., a particularity. As defined by themselves.)

Cosmopolitanism in Decline:
The decline of arrogant cosmopolitanism after 100 years of activist social science!
A View from the Margins.
Tentative outline
Peter Emanuel Franks
© March 2025
• Globalization: Zero de Conduit
• The dangers of the Grand Plans/ Pie in the sky
• So let it be written so let it be done” said the Pharoah. Elites rushing things at the speed of thought rather than at the slow speed of real sensuous activity, which is required
• Infantile social engineering and it’s ‘unintended’ but/yet foreseeable consequences. Expanding into misguided regime change on an unimaginable scale with dire consequences for the entire world order.
• Information war on a global scale and within nation states and whatever grasping spheres of influence. Its propaganda by immersion through the cell phones.
The arrogance of the cosmopolitan and their consequent ignorance and disrespect of the ‘others’, the backward and the ‘deplorables’. The Rockefeller-Spelman foundation and the stimulation of the social sciences cheerled by Margaret Mead and others. The integrating system of values with the ‘coming of age of social science’ or what Mead describes as, “… the lost innocence of World WAR II, that truth can harm.” Thus she arrives at the following after serious discussions among the members of the Society for Applied Anthropology held in 1949.: Margaret Mead (1950) in her reflection of the decade 1939 – 1949  makes it quite plain that the social sciences have to manipulate the people for their own good. When discussing what anthropologists and social scientists in general, can contribute she wrote:
“Implement plans for altering our present culture, by recognising the importance of including the social scientist within his experimental material, and by recognizing that by working toward defined ends we commit ourselves to the manipulation of persons, and therefore to the negation of democracy. Only by working in terms of values which are limited to defining a direction, is it possible for us to use scientific methods in the control of the process without the negation of the moral autonomy of the human spirit”
But, this is not the only misdirection in the social sciences.
Clearly shades of the woke culture of today. A dead end or a new beginning?
• Disrespect for particularities and the imposition of the numerical democratic model.
• Premature totalization following the followers of Kant, though not Kant himself!
• Marx the cosmopolitan: Moses Hess’ rejection of Marx’s cosmopolitan internationalism, and idea of the “Universal Man” and who proposed that, “Internationalism should unite, not abolish, nations” 
• Hess’ argument is echoed somewhat in McDougal’s later important distinction between “cosmopolitan internationalism” and “national internationalism”.
• The rejection of particularities and their histories and cultures is an essential component of the beginning of social science where so called ]scientific] decisions are made by so-called ‘consensus’. That is politically, resulting in premature totalization of reality and its possibilities with the reduction of political, ethical, cultural and religious complexity to simplistic technical solutions.
• General, The Right Honourable Jan Christian Smuts’ Holism and Evolution as the birth of cosmopolitanism through Holism – “an ontological as well as a cosmological imminent Principle - the Ultimate Reality.” (p. 87-88)  Cf Hitlers understanding of history in guiding the Volk. We all have our ‘geists’
• McDougal versus the social anthropologists after Boas: Mead and others
• Boas, it is important to remember the origins and founder statements on Anthropology as represented by Frans Boas in the 1920’s, which capture this clear acceptance of this dominative social engineering attitude to others be they African, Jewish or whatever. This perspective is clearly expressed in Boas’ oft repeated paragraph from the conclusion of, “The Problems of the American Negro in America”, Yale Quarterly Review, p. 383, January 1921, and in concluding the chapter on, “The Negro in America”, in Race and Democratic Society ,1945 p. 81, as well as elsewhere):
“Thus, it would seem that man being what he is, the Negro problem will not disappear in America until the Negro blood has been so much diluted that it will no longer be recognised just as antisemitism will not disappear until the last vestige of the Jew as a Jew has disappeared”.
Boas’ assimilationist solution, which denies cultural differences, as well as the histories of particularities and their people, in fact suggests their demise, in favour of the secular universals of the West. Is this not a call for genocide?
• Nature/Nurture and the ideological victory of equity but smuggling genetics in through the back door
• The Liberal Consensus (Actually a convention)  Cancelling, McDougal, Eysenck, Carleton Coon etc. The first cancelling, Note: there is renewed effort to cancel McDougall for his eugenicist views by the APA.
• The Dominating Dialogue focussing the two sided message to the opinion leaders (cf two stage communications Katz)
• Censorship and filtering of science through the so-called liberal consensus, whereby scientific conflicts were resolved through ‘consensus’, locking in the premature totalization and the illusions of liberal cosmopolitanism, and laying the ground for other views to be defined as misinformation of whatever sort, and even racist, In the case of the race dialogue. However, reality does not disappear through such a sleight of hand (Umcentrieurung)
• “Umcentrieurung” and the illusion of democracy
• The Gestalt Psychology of Kurt Lewin and the illusion of . One could say there is nothing as good as a good theory / narrative.
• The fetishization of participation,
• Inclusion as an alibi for disrespect.
• Identity politics and the fetishization of individual difference (LGBTQ etc) (My friends transcultural miracle and Angela Davis’ surprise. Anything is possible
• The Strengthening of particularities
• The Boer War and the demise of British impunity, The first Afrikaans se “liberation” movement
• The liberation movements and self-determination usually lost in the grab for power and greed in the emerging nations
• Re-emergence of old Nationalisms in Europe
• Rise of Russia, China and India as well as other Asian, African and South American  countries what is commonly referred to as the Global South.
• Rise of indigenous power and voices (undoing the liberal standards of separate is by definition unequal, i.e., calls in Bolivia for separate and equal, multiple nationalities etc)
• The reemergence of a will to self determination among the particularities of all shapes and sizes.
• From indigeneity to spirit murder.

• Recognition of the pluriverse.
• Collapse of the dominating dialogue between Democracy and Communism
• Collapse of the liberal ideology with (paired to) the demise of Apartheid.
• Appearance of the multi polar world with the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the view that the world was uni-polar was held asway until around the outbreak of the Ukraine war
• Emergence of BRICS and other Asian international collectives which can challenge Western hegemony.
• Emergence of a competing approach to democracy What China calls “whole process democracy”?  Versus numerical democracy touted yet not practiced by the USA.
• The imminent decline of the cosmopolitan universe.
• Increasingly desperate religious fervour among the cosmopolitan elites, crisis politics (energy, covid, environment, food, mass migration, terrorism etc) crisis = terror
• The international monetary reset in progress
• Rise of alternative blocs and a myriad of particularities with their own voices, values and intentions.
• The failures of cosmopolitanism
• It is dangerous to do science by convention. It leads to premature totalization, censoring and cancelling viable alternatives. It comes back to haunt the enterprise of science. It requires open, thorough and critical dialogue and discussion can take place unhindered by ideological and political interests. (cf. societal psychology)
• The ideological failure of the cosmopolitan gaze. Too much certainty and mythologising
• The emerging conflict:
• International Cosmopolitan universalisms  versus particularites and pluriversalism towards multipolarity within and between countries guiding their own developmental objectives in a complimentary world where self determination and cooperation can evolve, without the domination of any hegemonic power(s).
• Hegemonic universals with their individuals versus the sovereignty of semiospheres and their persons (people has the double meaning of persons and a particular ontology i.e., a particularity. As defined by themselves.)

Cosmopolitanism in Decline:
The decline of arrogant cosmopolitanism after 100 years of activist social science!
A View from the Margins.
Tentative outline
Peter Emanuel Franks
© March 2025
• Globalization: Zero de Conduit
• The dangers of the Grand Plans/ Pie in the sky
• So let it be written so let it be done” said the Pharoah. Elites rushing things at the speed of thought rather than at the slow speed of real sensuous activity, which is required
• Infantile social engineering and it’s ‘unintended’ but/yet foreseeable consequences. Expanding into misguided regime change on an unimaginable scale with dire consequences for the entire world order.
• Information war on a global scale and within nation states and whatever grasping spheres of influence. Its propaganda by immersion through the cell phones.
The arrogance of the cosmopolitan and their consequent ignorance and disrespect of the ‘others’, the backward and the ‘deplorables’. The Rockefeller-Spelman foundation and the stimulation of the social sciences cheerled by Margaret Mead and others. The integrating system of values with the ‘coming of age of social science’ or what Mead describes as, “… the lost innocence of World WAR II, that truth can harm.” Thus she arrives at the following after serious discussions among the members of the Society for Applied Anthropology held in 1949.: Margaret Mead (1950) in her reflection of the decade 1939 – 1949  makes it quite plain that the social sciences have to manipulate the people for their own good. When discussing what anthropologists and social scientists in general, can contribute she wrote:
“Implement plans for altering our present culture, by recognising the importance of including the social scientist within his experimental material, and by recognizing that by working toward defined ends we commit ourselves to the manipulation of persons, and therefore to the negation of democracy. Only by working in terms of values which are limited to defining a direction, is it possible for us to use scientific methods in the control of the process without the negation of the moral autonomy of the human spirit”
But, this is not the only misdirection in the social sciences.
Clearly shades of the woke culture of today. A dead end or a new beginning?
• Disrespect for particularities and the imposition of the numerical democratic model.
• Premature totalization following the followers of Kant, though not Kant himself!
• Marx the cosmopolitan: Moses Hess’ rejection of Marx’s cosmopolitan internationalism, and idea of the “Universal Man” and who proposed that, “Internationalism should unite, not abolish, nations” 
• Hess’ argument is echoed somewhat in McDougal’s later important distinction between “cosmopolitan internationalism” and “national internationalism”.
• The rejection of particularities and their histories and cultures is an essential component of the beginning of social science where so called ]scientific] decisions are made by so-called ‘consensus’. That is politically, resulting in premature totalization of reality and its possibilities with the reduction of political, ethical, cultural and religious complexity to simplistic technical solutions.
• General, The Right Honourable Jan Christian Smuts’ Holism and Evolution as the birth of cosmopolitanism through Holism – “an ontological as well as a cosmological imminent Principle - the Ultimate Reality.” (p. 87-88)  Cf Hitlers understanding of history in guiding the Volk. We all have our ‘geists’
• McDougal versus the social anthropologists after Boas: Mead and others
• Boas, it is important to remember the origins and founder statements on Anthropology as represented by Frans Boas in the 1920’s, which capture this clear acceptance of this dominative social engineering attitude to others be they African, Jewish or whatever. This perspective is clearly expressed in Boas’ oft repeated paragraph from the conclusion of, “The Problems of the American Negro in America”, Yale Quarterly Review, p. 383, January 1921, and in concluding the chapter on, “The Negro in America”, in Race and Democratic Society ,1945 p. 81, as well as elsewhere):
“Thus, it would seem that man being what he is, the Negro problem will not disappear in America until the Negro blood has been so much diluted that it will no longer be recognised just as antisemitism will not disappear until the last vestige of the Jew as a Jew has disappeared”.
Boas’ assimilationist solution, which denies cultural differences, as well as the histories of particularities and their people, in fact suggests their demise, in favour of the secular universals of the West. Is this not a call for genocide?
• Nature/Nurture and the ideological victory of equity but smuggling genetics in through the back door
• The Liberal Consensus (Actually a convention)  Cancelling, McDougal, Eysenck, Carleton Coon etc. The first cancelling, Note: there is renewed effort to cancel McDougall for his eugenicist views by the APA.
• The Dominating Dialogue focussing the two sided message to the opinion leaders (cf two stage communications Katz)
• Censorship and filtering of science through the so-called liberal consensus, whereby scientific conflicts were resolved through ‘consensus’, locking in the premature totalization and the illusions of liberal cosmopolitanism, and laying the ground for other views to be defined as misinformation of whatever sort, and even racist, In the case of the race dialogue. However, reality does not disappear through such a sleight of hand (Umcentrieurung)
• “Umcentrieurung” and the illusion of democracy
• The Gestalt Psychology of Kurt Lewin and the illusion of . One could say there is nothing as good as a good theory / narrative.
• The fetishization of participation,
• Inclusion as an alibi for disrespect.
• Identity politics and the fetishization of individual difference (LGBTQ etc) (My friends transcultural miracle and Angela Davis’ surprise. Anything is possible
• The Strengthening of particularities
• The Boer War and the demise of British impunity, The first Afrikaans se “liberation” movement
• The liberation movements and self-determination usually lost in the grab for power and greed in the emerging nations
• Re-emergence of old Nationalisms in Europe
• Rise of Russia, China and India as well as other Asian, African and South American  countries what is commonly referred to as the Global South.
• Rise of indigenous power and voices (undoing the liberal standards of separate is by definition unequal, i.e., calls in Bolivia for separate and equal, multiple nationalities etc)
• The reemergence of a will to self determination among the particularities of all shapes and sizes.
• From indigeneity to spirit murder.

• Recognition of the pluriverse.
• Collapse of the dominating dialogue between Democracy and Communism
• Collapse of the liberal ideology with (paired to) the demise of Apartheid.
• Appearance of the multi polar world with the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the view that the world was uni-polar was held asway until around the outbreak of the Ukraine war
• Emergence of BRICS and other Asian international collectives which can challenge Western hegemony.
• Emergence of a competing approach to democracy What China calls “whole process democracy”?  Versus numerical democracy touted yet not practiced by the USA.
• The imminent decline of the cosmopolitan universe.
• Increasingly desperate religious fervour among the cosmopolitan elites, crisis politics (energy, covid, environment, food, mass migration, terrorism etc) crisis = terror
• The international monetary reset in progress
• Rise of alternative blocs and a myriad of particularities with their own voices, values and intentions.
• The failures of cosmopolitanism
• It is dangerous to do science by convention. It leads to premature totalization, censoring and cancelling viable alternatives. It comes back to haunt the enterprise of science. It requires open, thorough and critical dialogue and discussion can take place unhindered by ideological and political interests. (cf. societal psychology)
• The ideological failure of the cosmopolitan gaze. Too much certainty and mythologising
• The emerging conflict:
• International Cosmopolitan universalisms  versus particularites and pluriversalism towards multipolarity within and between countries guiding their own developmental objectives in a complimentary world where self determination and cooperation can evolve, without the domination of any hegemonic power(s).
• Hegemonic universals with their individuals versus the sovereignty of semiospheres and their persons (people has the double meaning of persons and a particular ontology i.e., a particularity. As defined by themselves.)

Cosmopolitanism in Decline:
The decline of arrogant cosmopolitanism after 100 years of activist social science!
A View from the Margins.
Tentative outline
Peter Emanuel Franks
© March 2025
• Globalization: Zero de Conduit
• The dangers of the Grand Plans/ Pie in the sky
• So let it be written so let it be done” said the Pharoah. Elites rushing things at the speed of thought rather than at the slow speed of real sensuous activity, which is required
• Infantile social engineering and it’s ‘unintended’ but/yet foreseeable consequences. Expanding into misguided regime change on an unimaginable scale with dire consequences for the entire world order.
• Information war on a global scale and within nation states and whatever grasping spheres of influence. Its propaganda by immersion through the cell phones.
The arrogance of the cosmopolitan and their consequent ignorance and disrespect of the ‘others’, the backward and the ‘deplorables’. The Rockefeller-Spelman foundation and the stimulation of the social sciences cheerled by Margaret Mead and others. The integrating system of values with the ‘coming of age of social science’ or what Mead describes as, “… the lost innocence of World WAR II, that truth can harm.” Thus she arrives at the following after serious discussions among the members of the Society for Applied Anthropology held in 1949.: Margaret Mead (1950) in her reflection of the decade 1939 – 1949  makes it quite plain that the social sciences have to manipulate the people for their own good. When discussing what anthropologists and social scientists in general, can contribute she wrote:
“Implement plans for altering our present culture, by recognising the importance of including the social scientist within his experimental material, and by recognizing that by working toward defined ends we commit ourselves to the manipulation of persons, and therefore to the negation of democracy. Only by working in terms of values which are limited to defining a direction, is it possible for us to use scientific methods in the control of the process without the negation of the moral autonomy of the human spirit”
But, this is not the only misdirection in the social sciences.
Clearly shades of the woke culture of today. A dead end or a new beginning?
• Disrespect for particularities and the imposition of the numerical democratic model.
• Premature totalization following the followers of Kant, though not Kant himself!
• Marx the cosmopolitan: Moses Hess’ rejection of Marx’s cosmopolitan internationalism, and idea of the “Universal Man” and who proposed that, “Internationalism should unite, not abolish, nations” 
• Hess’ argument is echoed somewhat in McDougal’s later important distinction between “cosmopolitan internationalism” and “national internationalism”.
• The rejection of particularities and their histories and cultures is an essential component of the beginning of social science where so called ]scientific] decisions are made by so-called ‘consensus’. That is politically, resulting in premature totalization of reality and its possibilities with the reduction of political, ethical, cultural and religious complexity to simplistic technical solutions.
• General, The Right Honourable Jan Christian Smuts’ Holism and Evolution as the birth of cosmopolitanism through Holism – “an ontological as well as a cosmological imminent Principle - the Ultimate Reality.” (p. 87-88)  Cf Hitlers understanding of history in guiding the Volk. We all have our ‘geists’
• McDougal versus the social anthropologists after Boas: Mead and others
• Boas, it is important to remember the origins and founder statements on Anthropology as represented by Frans Boas in the 1920’s, which capture this clear acceptance of this dominative social engineering attitude to others be they African, Jewish or whatever. This perspective is clearly expressed in Boas’ oft repeated paragraph from the conclusion of, “The Problems of the American Negro in America”, Yale Quarterly Review, p. 383, January 1921, and in concluding the chapter on, “The Negro in America”, in Race and Democratic Society ,1945 p. 81, as well as elsewhere):
“Thus, it would seem that man being what he is, the Negro problem will not disappear in America until the Negro blood has been so much diluted that it will no longer be recognised just as antisemitism will not disappear until the last vestige of the Jew as a Jew has disappeared”.
Boas’ assimilationist solution, which denies cultural differences, as well as the histories of particularities and their people, in fact suggests their demise, in favour of the secular universals of the West. Is this not a call for genocide?
• Nature/Nurture and the ideological victory of equity but smuggling genetics in through the back door
• The Liberal Consensus (Actually a convention)  Cancelling, McDougal, Eysenck, Carleton Coon etc. The first cancelling, Note: there is renewed effort to cancel McDougall for his eugenicist views by the APA.
• The Dominating Dialogue focussing the two sided message to the opinion leaders (cf two stage communications Katz)
• Censorship and filtering of science through the so-called liberal consensus, whereby scientific conflicts were resolved through ‘consensus’, locking in the premature totalization and the illusions of liberal cosmopolitanism, and laying the ground for other views to be defined as misinformation of whatever sort, and even racist, In the case of the race dialogue. However, reality does not disappear through such a sleight of hand (Umcentrieurung)
• “Umcentrieurung” and the illusion of democracy
• The Gestalt Psychology of Kurt Lewin and the illusion of . One could say there is nothing as good as a good theory / narrative.
• The fetishization of participation,
• Inclusion as an alibi for disrespect.
• Identity politics and the fetishization of individual difference (LGBTQ etc) (My friends transcultural miracle and Angela Davis’ surprise. Anything is possible
• The Strengthening of particularities
• The Boer War and the demise of British impunity, The first Afrikaans se “liberation” movement
• The liberation movements and self-determination usually lost in the grab for power and greed in the emerging nations
• Re-emergence of old Nationalisms in Europe
• Rise of Russia, China and India as well as other Asian, African and South American  countries what is commonly referred to as the Global South.
• Rise of indigenous power and voices (undoing the liberal standards of separate is by definition unequal, i.e., calls in Bolivia for separate and equal, multiple nationalities etc)
• The reemergence of a will to self determination among the particularities of all shapes and sizes.
• From indigeneity to spirit murder.

• Recognition of the pluriverse.
• Collapse of the dominating dialogue between Democracy and Communism
• Collapse of the liberal ideology with (paired to) the demise of Apartheid.
• Appearance of the multi polar world with the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the view that the world was uni-polar was held asway until around the outbreak of the Ukraine war
• Emergence of BRICS and other Asian international collectives which can challenge Western hegemony.
• Emergence of a competing approach to democracy What China calls “whole process democracy”?  Versus numerical democracy touted yet not practiced by the USA.
• The imminent decline of the cosmopolitan universe.
• Increasingly desperate religious fervour among the cosmopolitan elites, crisis politics (energy, covid, environment, food, mass migration, terrorism etc) crisis = terror
• The international monetary reset in progress
• Rise of alternative blocs and a myriad of particularities with their own voices, values and intentions.
• The failures of cosmopolitanism
• It is dangerous to do science by convention. It leads to premature totalization, censoring and cancelling viable alternatives. It comes back to haunt the enterprise of science. It requires open, thorough and critical dialogue and discussion can take place unhindered by ideological and political interests. (cf. societal psychology)
• The ideological failure of the cosmopolitan gaze. Too much certainty and mythologising
• The emerging conflict:
• International Cosmopolitan universalisms  versus particularites and pluriversalism towards multipolarity within and between countries guiding their own developmental objectives in a complimentary world where self determination and cooperation can evolve, without the domination of any hegemonic power(s).
• Hegemonic universals with their individuals versus the sovereignty of semiospheres and their persons (people has the double meaning of persons and a particular ontology i.e., a particularity. As defined by themselves.)

Emerging adults (ages 18 to 25) who experience multiple role transitions in a short period of time may engage in hard drug use as a maladaptive coping strategy to avoid negative emotions from stress. Given the collectivistic values Hispanics encounter growing up, they may experience additional role transitions due to their group oriented cultural paradigm. This study examined whether those who experience many role transitions are at greater risk for hard drug use compared to those who experience few transitions among Hispanic emerging adults. Participants completed surveys indicating their hard drug use in emerging adulthood, role transitions in the past year of emerging adulthood, age, gender, and hard drug use in high school. Simulation analyses indicated that an increase in the number of role transitions, from 0 to 13, was associated with a 14% (95% CI, 4 to 29) higher probability of hard drug use. Specific role transitions were found to be associated with hard drug use, such as starting to date or experiencing a breakup. Intervention/ prevention programs may benefit from acknowledging individual reactions to transitions in emerging adulthood, as these processes may be catalysts for personal growth where identities are consolidated, and decisions regarding hard drug use are formed.

Znanstvena monografija »Vpliv družbenih sprememb na vzgojo in izobra - ževanje« je druga monografija, ki je nastala kot rezultat sodelovanja z vzgoj - no-izobraževalnimi inštitucijami, s katerimi Pedagoška fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani dolgoročno sodeluje. S partnerskimi inštitucijami pa ne sodeluje le pri izvedbi študijskih programov, ampak tudi pri večini svojih pomemb - nih projektov: od prenove študijskih programov do organizacij strokovnih in znanstvenih posvetov ter izvedbe znanstveno-razvojnih projektov

Аннотация
В статье осмысляются изменения в восприятии и взаимоотношении человека с реальностью, вызванные карантином  2020го года - в свете ключевого концепта феноменологической теории Е. Минковского «жизненный контакт с реальностью». Показано, от чего зависит интенсивность этого контакта (степень активности человека, его вовлеченности в реальность, ее проживания) и что вызывает его утрату (отсутствие желания, надежды, мотивации, усилия). Рассмотрены основные феномены проживания человеком ближайшего будущего-активность и ожидание, и ср9еднего будущего-надежда и желание. Проанализировано, как на переживание будущего повлиял карантин. Также осмыслена «расслабленность» или «демобилизованность сознания», возникающая при отсутствии внешних обязательств.

The increasing role of data analytics in development research has led to a shift towards more empirical, data-driven approaches in sustainability studies. This paper examines the application of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) as a key tool in analyzing large datasets and generating insights for sustainable development initiatives. SPSS offers a structured framework for conducting statistical analyses, including regression modeling, factor analysis, and data transformation, which are essential for evaluating sustainability projects. This study highlights how SPSS enhances the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of research in areas such as environmental conservation, social development, and policy evaluation. A significant focus is placed on SPSS's role in data cleaning and processing, ensuring the integrity of datasets used in development research. Through real-world case studies, such as the Bolti Nadi Initiative, a river conservation project conducted by Meer Foundation in Chhattisgarh, India, this paper demonstrates how SPSS-driven statistical methods help identify key patterns, relationships, and impacts of sustainability interventions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and limitations of SPSS in handling complex, realtime, and large-scale datasets, proposing potential solutions such as integration with AI-driven analytics, cloud-based platforms, and automated data workflows. The study posits that while SPSS remains an indispensable tool for quantitative research, its effectiveness can be significantly enhanced by adopting hybrid approaches that integrate machine learning, big data analytics, and geospatial tools for more advanced sustainability research.

Plants have been a crucial resource and fundamental to human life over evolutionary time. Recent research has suggested that humans have innate specific and selective behavioral responses to plants that help them avoid negative consequences of contact with plants (e.g., poisoning) and acquire useful plant knowledge that increases chances of survival. The majority of these studies have been conducted in a laboratory setting with infants under the age of 18 months. In order to expand on these previous findings we conducted an observational study in which children between 18 and 24 months of age interacted along with their caregivers around plants in a naturalistic setting. The behavior of the children and their caregivers was video recorded and subsequently coded and analyzed. This Master’s thesis serves as an initial exploration of the data collected in this study. We found some support for previous laboratory findings and provide direction for further analysis of this data. Further exploration of behavior toward plants by children in this age group in naturalistic settings is encouraged.

Статья Александра Гиршона исследует понятие психологической устойчивости (resilience) в условиях глобальных кризисов, таких как пандемия и войны. Автор подчеркивает, что важно не только осознавать травму, но и развивать способность адаптироваться, восстанавливаться и находить ресурсы для движения вперед.

Основное внимание уделяется тому, как resilience проявляется в телесных практиках и танце. Гиршон опирается на работы Джона Ледераха и выделяет ключевые качества устойчивых сообществ: адаптивность, солидарность, способность к коллективному восстановлению. В статье рассматриваются различные телесные реакции на стресс (сжатие, потеря опоры, диссоциация, истощение) и способы их трансформации через движение.

Автор предлагает телесные практики как инструмент для восстановления целостности, развития внутренней устойчивости и взаимодействия с окружающим миром. В условиях кризиса важно поддерживать себя и других, сохраняя активную жизненную позицию и осознание своих ценностей.

Abstract
This study examined if considerably different caregiving experiences
in infancy influence socio–emotional development later in
childhood. We included children aged 6–9 years who were, immediately
after birth, placed in quality state-run institutions (N = 24) or
quality state–run foster care with one family (N = 23). All children
have lived in stable families since their adoption before 15 months
of age. Children in the comparison group have always lived with
their biological parents (N = 25). We found that the previously
institutionalized group had significantly more behavioral problems,
more dissociative symptoms, and lower empathic behavior scores
than the comparison group. The previously fostered group also
exhibited more behavioral problems and dissociative symptoms
than the comparison group but, notably, significantly fewer behavioral
problems than the previously institutionalized group. The
findings underscore the beneficial role of foster care compared to
institutional care and that quality and consistency of early caregiving
play a crucial role in later socio-emotional development.

The article examines selected results of quantitative surveys of 9th grade primary school students and their parents in Slovenia. On the basis of the theory and characteristics of contemporary youth and their processing of social reality, it seeks to provide an image of how this generation feels and presents itself as well as how it is coping with the complex modern demands of reflexive life-courses. The empirical analysis focuses on selected indicators which illustrate how students are satisfied with some essential parts of their lives and provides on overall index of the satisfaction of the whole sample of students. Based on the empirical findings it also attempts to define this generation's most common strategy of processing the social reality.

Proponents of the dominant paradigm in evolutionary psychology argue that a viable evolutionary cognitive psychology requires that specific cognitive capacities be heritable and "quasi-independent" from other heritable traits, and that these requirements are best satisfied by innate cognitive modules. We argue here that neither of these are required in order to describe and explain how evolution shaped the mind.

INTRODUCTION Currently, there is a consensus that corruption has plagued the very fabric of every facet of human existence. It has received worldwide discussions on several platforms and mediums and has been prominent in economic, political, and historical studies. 1 The topic has ignited continuous public discourse, as it is relevant in modern political and economic advancements. Researchers such as Andoh, Shannon and Chinoperekweyi have contended that actions associated with corruption have permeated the socioeconomic, political, religious, and everyday lives of individuals. The authors argued that corruption in public life in Ghana, especially, has been baneful to the country's socioeconomic and political advancement. 2 According to the authors, it has both contributed to and resulted from the structural deterioration left behind by years of rent-seeking politics in Ghana's post-colonial state. Corruption is a

This study aimed to ascertain how the four domains of self-debasing cognitive distortion, namely personalisation, catastrophising, overgeneralisation and selective abstraction, could predict or inform emotional disturbance in the reactions of bystanders when witnessing bullying behaviour. We utilised purposive sampling to select 10 bystanders of school bullying for participation in the study and performed convenient sampling to select a research site. We conducted interviews that were recorded on a voice recorder and transcribed thereafter. Qualitative data was analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Our findings revealed that personalisation evoked bystanders' self-blame and feelings of guilt, catastrophising amplified their anxiety and fear, overgeneralisation induced and exacerbated their negative perception of school safety, and selective abstraction led to indirect co-victimisation. Based on our findings, we recommend that school psychologists, counsellors and behavioural healthcare service providers should teach victims of bullying, especially bystanders, how to recognise, challenge and reappraise negative and unhelpful thoughts and feelings related to their experiences.

This paper examines the cultural context of day care in Germany and examines the quality of child care within the wider context of child care and education, especially with regard to values defining the roles of families with young children in society. Even parents who use child care question its advantages. Seeking child care is often an exhausting and humiliating experience for parents because of lack of spaces; it is also unpleasant for the day care centers that try to balance the composition of their groups. Parents are considered to be trouble makers if they question day care practices. Problems in day care centers often result from caretaker shortages, training deficits, lack of resources, and administrative inconsiderateness. Insufficient economic means make parents unhappy and force compromises in child care quality. Children's and adults' worlds have become increasingly separate from one another; the cultural underpinnings for a family life connected to day care are missing. Although there have been efforts to form communities within child care settings, day care centers do not conform to hypothesized ideal conditions of home rearing. Those responsible for socialization of offspring are under a great deal of stress. Public subsidies should be offered to parents so they can develop infant care patterns best fitting their personal values and philosophies. (Contains 16 references.) (KDFB)

Stuttering is a distinct speech fluency disorder affecting people of all ages, from children to adults. Although recognized
for centuries, the understanding of stuttering—including definitions, classifications, and the history of stuttering
research in Eastern and Western contexts, as well as the influence of religion, mythology, and scriptures up to the 18th
and 19th centuries. This bibliographic review seeks to highlight only few key developments and timelines in stuttering
research. The review identified approximately 96 notable works, including books, chapters, and original research
articles, from 511 sources collected through various online and offline databases. These contributions were
systematically organized, coded, and analyzed according to themes, publication years, journal names, and publishers.
The results were visualized using a harvest plot and followed PRISMA-2020 guidelines. The review concludes with a
summary of insights and implications for future research directions.

تركز هذه الدراسة على أدق ظواهر الصحة العامة والمتمثلة بعملية التفاعل بين الطبيب والمريض والمشكلات الاجتماعية المرتبطة بها, والتي تؤثر على صحة المجتمع لأسباب تتعلق بممارسات الطبيب او المريض بغض النظر عن العوامل البيولوجية المتعلقة بالمرض, وتأثيرها من حيث الضغوطات التي تفرضها على صحة الانسان.
  وتنطلق الدراسة في البحث عن تساؤل مهم هو: ما هي أسباب مشكلات الصحة العامة النفسية والاجتماعية المتعلقة بالطبيب والمريض؟ بناء على هذا التساؤل فان البحث يهدف الى الكشف عن مشكلات التفاعل الاجتماعي بين الطبيب والمريض, والتركيز على الجوانب النفسية والاجتماعية لعلم اجتماع الصحة المرض؛ ولحاجة البحث للمرونة في الربط والتفسير اعتمدنا الوصف والتحليل ومنهج المسح الاجتماعي, لإجراء استطلاع على عينتي الدراسة, المتمثلتين بالأطباء البالغة(80 طبيب) والمرضى (البالغين 200 مريض). من خلال استخدام الانترنت ومواقع التواصل الاجتماعي؛ توصلت الدراسة الى ما يأتي: ثالوث الصحة الجيدة هو العوامل النفسية والاجتماعية, أسلوب الحياة والعوامل المادية, ان تنظيمه والاهتمام به يحسن من صحة المجتمع. وأن تدهور الصحة العامة بأسباب تتعلق بالمرضى هي, عدم الالتزام بتعليمات الطبيب وتدني مستوى الثقافة الصحية للمرضى. وكما تَبين إن من أسباب تدهور الصحة العامة التي يرتكبها الطبيب تجاه المريض, هي عدم مراعاة العامل النفسي للمريض وعدم صرف وقت كافٍ مع المريض أثناء عملية التشخيص والسعي خلف قضاء اقل وقت لتحقيق الهدف الربحي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الصحة العامة, الثقافة الصحية, المشكلات الاجتماعية والنفسية للصحة والمرض, الطبيب, المريض.
Summary:
    This research focuses on the most accurate public health phenomena, represented by the process of interaction between the doctor and the patient and the social problems associated with it, which affect the health of society for reasons related to the practices of the doctor or the patient, regardless of the biological factors related to the disease, and their impact in terms of the pressures they impose on human health. This research is based on an important question: “What are public health problems in terms of social and psychological causes related to the doctor and the patient?” To answer this question, the research aims to reveal the problems of social interaction between the doctor and the patient, and to focus on the psychological and social aspects of the sociology of health and illness, and because of the research need for flexibility in linking and interpretation, the researcher adopted description, analysis, and the social survey method to conduct a survey on the two samples of the study, which were doctors (80 doctors). And patients (adults, 200 patients) through the use of the Internet and social networking sites, the study concluded the following: The triad of good health is psychological and social factors, lifestyle and material factors. Organizing it and paying attention to it improves the health of society. The deterioration of public health is due to reasons related to patients: non-compliance with doctor’s instructions and low level of health culture among patients. It turns out that one of the reasons for the deterioration of public health committed by the doctor towards the patient is not taking into account the psychological factor of the patient, not spending enough time with the patient during the diagnosis process, and striving to spend the least amount of time to achieve the profit goal.
Keywords: public health, health culture, social and psychological problems of health and illness, doctor, patient.

Adolescence is a transformative period marked by significant physical, emotional, and social development. The quality of parental relationships during this stage plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents' emotional health, social skills, and overall well-being. This paper explores the impact of various aspects of parental relationships, including attachment styles, communication patterns, and exposure to parental conflict, on adolescent development. The analysis draws upon comparative insights from prior research to highlight the benefits of secure attachment, open communication, and constructive conflict resolution. The findings demonstrate that nurturing and supportive parental relationships promote resilience, self-esteem, and adaptive coping mechanisms in adolescents, while negative interactions can contribute to behavioral and emotional difficulties. This research underscores the importance of fostering positive parental relationships to support healthy adolescent growth and development.

Rehman, K., & Manzoor, A. (2024).

This study explored the availability and utilization of play and learning materials in the Haromaya model preschool, Ethiopia. In doing so, a qualitative case study design was employed. Data were generated from five chosen teaching staff of the model preschools purposively traced by the researchers. Interview protocol and observation checklist were utilized as a data-gathering tool. To comprehend the phenomenon, thematic analyses were used. The study's findings were illustrated with 3 major themes and 8 subthemes. There are average materials available for play and education in the model preschool. Teachers utilize play and learning materials to introduce new concepts, reinforce learning, promote socio-emotional development, and promote creativity. Several factors determine the usage of play materials for learning: economy, perception, and attitude of teachers, and educational qualification of teacher topping the list. In conclusion, play and learning materials are essential for preschool children's development. They help children learn in an engaging way, promote creativity and problem-solving skills, and provide opportunities for children to explore, learn, and grow. However, the level of play and learning materials is not as expected. This can create a disparity in the quality of education that children receive. To address this issue, increased funding for preschool programs, provision of training for preschool teachers on using play and learning materials effectively, and awareness creation about the importance of play and learning materials should be in place.

Resilience in preschool children: To what degree can a stimulating home literacy environment compensate biological and socio-cultural adversity? Zusammenfassung: Erfolgreiche kindliche Entwicklung kann durch biologische und soziokulturelle Risiken behindert werden. Zugleich zeigen zahlreiche Studien, dass die familiäre Leseumwelt einen protektiven Faktor für die Entwicklung im Vorschulalter darstellen kann. Wir verglichen Daten aus zwei Längsschnittstudien um zu untersuchen, wie stark die familiäre Leseumwelt biologische (Frühgeburtlichkeit) und soziokulturelle Risiken (niedriger sozioökonomischer Status und Migrationshintergrund) in der kognitiven und sprachlichen Entwicklung von Vorschulkindern kompensieren kann. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die häusliche Leseumwelt positive Effekte auf die Entwicklung sowohl türkischstämmiger als auch sehr früh und/oder sehr leicht geborener Kinder ausübt. Dies bedeutet, dass Eltern von Vorschulkindern mit soziokulturellem oder biologischem Risiko Resilienz fördern können, indem sie ihnen eine reichhaltige Leseumwelt zur Verfügung stellen. Wir benötigen mehr Informationen über die spezifischen Bedürfnisse von Kindern, die mit unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsrisiken aufwachsen, um diesen eine bessere Förderung zu ermöglichen.

At the beginning of the 21 st century, the field of political psychology; like the social sciences more generally, is being challenged. New theoretical direction is being demanded from within and a greater epistemological sophistication and ethical relevance is being demanded from without. In response, direction for a reconstructed political psychology is offered here. To begin, a theoretical framework for a truly integrative political psychology is sketched. This is done in light of the apparent limits of cross-disciplinary or multidisciplinary inquiry. In the attempt to transcend these limits, the theoretical approach offered directly addresses the dually structured quality of social life as the singular product of both organizing social structures and defining discourse communities on the one hand and motivated, thinking individuals on the other. To further this theoretical effort, meta-theoretical considerations are addressed. The modernistpostmodernist debate regarding the status of truth and value is used as a point of departure for constructing the epistemological foundation for a truly political psychology. In this light, structural pragmatic guidelines for theory construction, empirical research and normative inquiry are presented.

Music is one of the greatest human pleasures (Vuust & Kringelbach, 2010; Zatorre, 2015). It has accompanied human beings since ancient times and from childhood throughout their lifespan, providing people with an assortment of possibilities to feel joy and fulfillment in everyday

Archdisciplinarity is here introduced as the academic inquiry that treats big picture, transdisciplinary, theory of everything, unification metatheories as units of analysis for comparison and contrast. In this booklet, we first describe the purpose and motivation for formalizing the notions of archdisciplinarity. Next, we examine historical to contemporary contexts of the evolution of human understanding through scopes of academic inquiry – disciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, with archdisciplinarity as the next-higher order scope of academic inquiry. This is followed by an articulation of scopes of propositional frameworks that explain phenomena – theory, metatheory, and unification metatheory, with archtheory as the next-higher order theory that follows. Archtheories are described as syntheses across unification metatheories along their common themes called arches. We give several examples of arches that are intrinsic to and persist across the meta of most comprehensive and integrated models in the world. The booklet continues with an account of sociocultural sensibilities – premodernity, modernity, postmodernity, and metamodernity, with archmodernity proposed to follow. After grounding our topic in the literature, we then lay out the foundations for archdisciplinarity by describing a) criteria for what constitutes unification metatheories, b) the means for how to classify unification metatheories, and c) a path forward for coordinating study and practice at this scope of inquiry. Three archdisciplinary methodologies are presented for dierent purposes, with one describing community collaboration, another describing application of archdisciplinarity to upgrade existing scopes of theory, and one describing the procedure for how an arch was originally derived, which prompted the conception of archdisciplinarity. After that, we will describe the mission of the Archdisciplinary Research Center (ARC), and what we anticipate going forward. We bring this booklet to a close with some discussion of the topic, and some concluding remarks.

Luthfi, Teguh, Ryan, dan lainya yang selalu merepotkan saya sekaligus menjadi penghibur dikala kesenangan hampir terhempas. Penulis menyadari bahwa Laporan Skripsi ini merupakan sebuah proses pembelajaran yang harus dijalani dan masih banyak kekurangan dan kesalahan yang tidak disadari. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran sebagai proses belajar sangat diperlakukan untuk membantu penulis untuk upgrading, diharapkan diwaktu yang akan datang menjadi yang lebih baik.

This study aims to examine the relationship between social comparison and body dissatisfaction among women who are overweight in the Pound Fit Community in Bekasi City. The research method used in this study is quantitative method, employing a questionnaire to collect data from respondents who meet the inclusion criteria. The collected data will be analyzed using linear regression technique. The findings of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the influence of social comparison on body satisfaction levels among overweight women.

This paper discusses developmentally appropriateness ofcurricula (DAC), integratedplay-based (child-centered) pedagogical practices, teachers‟ competencies and learning environment in ECCE in preschools of Hawassa University technology woredas. Mixed research method with concurrent triangulation or convergent parallel (QUAN+QUAL) design was applied throughout this study. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 and qualitative data were presented in themes side-by-side followed by brief discussion at the same time. The findings of the study shows that the practices of creating child-friendly learning environments (as the third teacher) to carry out indoor and out-door activities are not heartening in most preschools. Besides, the practices of integratedplay-based pedagogy in the contexts of preschools are evaluated against the principles of early child learning through steps-by-steps scaffolding and documentation of children‟s day-to-day activities are not uniformly and ...

This may seem rather a pompous exercise, but I have written a great deal in my career, and in this paper I have tried to pick out the ideas that I think are the most important in my work which is well outside the mainstream of contemporary anthropology and may therefore be of some interest. It was hugely influenced by my experience of fieldwork first among the Konso of Ethiopia (1965-67), and then, by deliberate contrast, with the Tauade of Papua New Guinea.

Cognitive social psychologists suggest that cognitive processes, including cognitive prejudice, underlie the judgments and behaviors not only at personal and interpersonal levels, but also at the intergroup level (Mackie and Hamilton 1993a). In cognitive processes, situations are estimated both in terms of personal and ingroup consequences (Mackie and Hamilton 1993b). Many social psychologists using cognitive approaches in studying relationships between majority and minority place emphasis on the processes of stereotypization and prejudice. Intergroup prejudice has been analyzed within frameworks suggested by two theories: the theory of social identity (Tajfel and Turner 1979) and realistic confl ict theory (Sherif 1953, 1966). Each theory has different explanations of positive evaluations of ingroups and negative evaluations of outgroups. The theory of social identity suggests that the need to acquire high social status and a positive identity through membership in socially prestigious groups is the basis for the formation of intergroup prejudice (

Bullying in Schools A special feature of school classes, as intact social entities, is that members share certain values (Boehnke & Schiefer, 2016). Saarento, Garandeau and Salmivalli (2015), argue that the influence of classroom-and school-level factors on bullying involves demographic, structural, peer contextual and teacher-related dimensions. Swearer et al. (2014) use a theory of "homophily and bullying" to argue for a homophily hypothesis where within group similarity leads to bullies physically or relationally rejecting those who are different and withdrawing any social support for victims. However, Saarento, Garandeau and Salmivalli's conclusion (op.cit.) was that the contributions of demographic, school structural and school-class characteristics remain inconsistent. On the other hand, recent Swedish research (Thornberg et al., 2015 & Thornberg et al., 2016), after controlling for factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, school-class size and gender composition, found that relational climate and experience of moral disengagement within school-classes was a significant predictor of between-class variation in victimisation. Victimisation was less likely in classes characterised by supportive relational patterns and lower levels of moral disengagement in the classroom, a result confirmed by Grundherr (et al., 2016). The research reported here builds on a presentation at ECER 2016 (Gill, Larsson, Matton, Simonsson & Levin, 2016) that explored some consequences of systematic reductions of prevalence of bullying at school. It was argued that Swedish anti-bullying programs are being delivered at the later phases of an implementation research continuum (Chalamandaris & Piette, 2015). Uncovering new or persistent cases of bullying becomes more difficult as prevalence of bullying reduces (successful implementation). Being bullied at least 2 to 3 times a month between 2009-2015, among 200,000 children in 1500 Finnish schools (grades 1-9) decreased from 17.2% at baseline to 12.6% after six years of implementation of the KiVa program (Herkama & Salmivalli, 2016). Even though creating reliable measures of bullying prevalence is difficult (Vivolo-Kantor et al., 2014), Finnish prevalence is considerably higher than in Sweden, national average is about 7/8%, which in turn, is higher than the average in the municipality where this research has been carried out (4.9%, Spring 2016). With prevalence rates at this level it is possible to envisage realistic "zero-vision" and "zero-tolerance" strategies. (For a critical review of zerotolerance, see Borgwald & Theixos, 2013 and James & Freeze, 2006). Any goal of reducing a low prevalence of bullying in Sweden, even lower, is mediated by the discovery, from individual-level, longitudinal data, where successful cases of ceased victims are regularly replaced by new victims (Flygare, Gill & Johansson, 2013: Hellstedt, Johansson & Gill, 2016), revealing a cyclical replacement of victims. While up to 75% of victims at one time will self-report not being victimized at one-year followup, rates at cross-sectional measurement may remain the same (typically 7/8% in Swedish schools, op.cit.). The Norwegian "Zero Program" (Strohmeier and Noam, 2012) is based on a "zero-vision" manifesto. Köhler (2006) in outlining health indicators for Swedish children argues that while some ideal zero-outcomes might not stand up as credible operational targets, using "zero vision" as a reference point may be reasonable in some cases. In the municipality that is the focus here, evidence is emerging that some schools and school classes are coming closer to a zero-vision reference point. In a school with 200 children, in 8 or 9 classes, a point prevalence rate of 3% would indicate that at least two, possibly three classes in that school had no victims of bullying. It is argued that this circumstance creates new challenges for prevention strategies. Therefore, it is important to delve deeper into changes in "the Program Adaptation, Dosage and Fidelity Bopp, Saunders and Lattimore (2013) use the term "tug-of-war" in explicating the notion of fidelity versus adaptation in a "life cycle" of program implementation. There is an in-built assumption in regard to the efficacy of program implementation parameters such as delivery, dosage and fidelity.

This study seeks to explore how volunteers' attitudes are developed, using a social identity theory approach. Specifically, we explore that how volunteers may have on engendering empathy to help towards victims. From the onset, it is emphasized that this study is inter disciplinary in nature, especially given the paucity of research within this realm in the marketing domain. The purpose of this research is to conduct more research to enhance the understanding of how volunteers who are working for a charity organization think and feel and how this knowledge can help to better understand volunteers' positive attitude formation towards source and support. Without this understanding it looks difficult to understand how internal marketing initiatives can be undertaken and communicated. At a specific level and one which will be elaborated and defined further, this study seeks to understand the inter play between how volunteers think about themselves, especially in terms of their &...

With standardized screening tools, research studies have shown that developmental disabilities can be detected reliably and with validity in children as young as 4 months of age by using the instruments such as the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. In this review, we will focus on one tool, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, to illustrate the usefulness of developmental screening across the globe.

This study examines differences in children's subjective wellbeing and health across the full range of family structures that have emerged in China's rural areas because of parental labour migration. It uses original cross-sectional survey data collected in 2010 in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces from children aged 9-17 years, as well as from their teachers and guardians (N=992). The results indicate no significant difference between 'left behind' children and other children for satisfaction with life events. However, the results do demonstrate that left behind children fare worse than children who live with both parents for behaviour at school, confidence in the realisation of future goals, loneliness and health. The results further reveal that who migrates matters for children's wellbeing. Specifically, children with two migrant parents fare worse than children with only one migrant parent for several dimensions of wellbeing including behaviour and loneliness. Meanwhile, the children of lone migrant mothers fare worse than all other children for selected measures, most notably health. Our analyses underscore the sensitivity of the results to the dimension of children's wellbeing measured and to who provides the evaluation.

Weinheim/München: Juventa. Za potrebe izrade doktorskog rada, knjigu je na hrvatski jezik preveo Vladimir Adamček, profesor njemačkog jezika. Zahvaljujemo prof. dr. sc. Marku Palekčiću na stručnoj redakciji prijevoda. 11 Objedinjeni prikaz pojmova i pripadajućih definicija navodimo u tablici 2. U cilju izrade preglednog i jasnog prikaza, u tablici također navodimo i izvore pojedinih pojmova i definicija, specificirajući, između ostaloga, jesu li definicije izvorno iz Sünkelove teorije, izvedene iz teorije ili pak izvedene na temelju modifikacija teorije.

Infants gradually learn to share attention, but it is unknown how they acquire skills such as gaze-following. Deák and Triesch (2006) suggest that gaze-following could be acquired if infants learn that adults’ gaze direction is likely to be aligned with interesting sights. This hypothesis stipulates that adults tend to look at things that infants find interesting, and that infants could learn by noticing this tendency. We tested the plausibility of this hypothesis through video-based micro-behavioral analysis of naturalistic parent–infant play. The results revealed that 3to 11-month-old infants strongly preferred watching caregivers handle objects. In addition, when caregivers looked away from their infant they tended to look at their own object-handling. Finally, when infants looked toward the caregiver while she was looking at her own hands, the infant’s next eye movement was often toward the caregiver’s object-handling. In this way infants receive adequate naturalistic input to l...

During the last decades, a growing body of research on musical pleasure has shed light on individual differences and mechanisms underlying music reward sensitivity. Music training has been identified as a factor able to affect the rewarding experience associated with music, although in the existing literature, evidence on children is scarce. The current study focused on the effects of music training and individual musical engagement on sensitivity to music reward in preadolescence. One hundred and forty-two students (aged 10-14 years) at three different Italian music middle schools were tested three times over a period of one year and a half. Eighty two children belonged to a music curriculum within the school and 60 belonged to a standard curriculum. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ), a multi-dimensional assessment tool to measure music reward sensitivity, was used, and pre-existing differences in music sophistication were controlled for. Moreover, in addition to the between-group comparison, highlighting the formal music training variable, the actual amount of musical activities and engagement both in and out of school was also taken into account. Several positive effects in terms of music social reward were found for students with a high level of musical engagement. Also, results showed a main effect of gender, with girls showing higher scores than boys in total BMRQ score and in several subdomains. Taken together, these data provide new evidence for the special role played by collective musical activities and suggest that music training may be able to promote social connection in preadolescence.