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2017, European Journal of Forensic Sciences
Objective: The aim of this research was to derive probability formulae based on ridge counts (RC) that could be used to contribute to sex determination in human identification. Methods: A modified technique of obtaining RC that is not influenced by finger patterns was employed. RC from fingerprints of 200 male and 200 female Filipinos aged 18-57 years were collected and analyzed statistically. Results: Males had lower RC compared to females, and there were differences in RC per digit as well. Odds for sex discrimination were obtained for the thumb (
Background: Fingerprints being unique to a human being, is a valuable tool in identification. Identification of sex from fingerprint ridge density has been attempted by earlier researchers. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine ridge density of males and females and to identify whether sexual differences exist between them. Methodology: The study was conducted on 170 subjects [70 males and 100 females] in the age group of 18-65 years. Mean ridge density was calculated from the finger prints of the participants and were statistically analysed. Results: The results showed that in male subjects, the ridge density ranged from 8.0 to 12.90 ridges/25 mm 2 with a mean of 10.62 ridges/25 mm 2 [S.D-1.02], and in females from 10.20 to 15.00 ridges/25 mm 2 with a mean of 12.69 ridges/25 mm 2 [S.D-1.01]. Mean ridge density was higher in females than males. Fingerprint possessing > 13 ridges/25 mm 2 has a higher probability of being from female (p = 0.99). The probability of fingerprint of < 11 ridges/25 mm 2 of being from a male origin is very large. Conclusion: The study confirms that females have higher ridge density than males. Mean fingerprint ridge density of 12 ridges/25 mm 2 or less is more likely to be of male origin and a mean ridge density of more than 13 ridges/25 mm 2 is more likely of female origin.
Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2015
Although, there has already been much research on the differences between sexes in fingerprint ridge density and its variability in the Thai population, such studies have not included native northeastern Thais aged between 14 and 24 who are descended from northeastern Thai ancestry. This study intends to determine the topological, age-grouping and sexual differences in fingerprint ridge density (RD) in such populations. Fingerprints were collected from 353 unrelated volunteers (191 males and 162 females) and classified into three groups, that is, group A (total subjects), group B (14-18 years old) and group C (18-24 years old). RD was assessed for two topological areas, radial and ulnar. Significant differences between genders and age groups were obtained in both counting areas. Females exhibit higher RD i.e. narrower ridges, than males. A decrease in RD values with increasing age was also detected. The RD threshold for discrimination of sexes, computed based on Bayes' theorem, was achieved in all groups and counting areas, enabling its use in forensic investigation.
HOMO, 2011
Fingerprints are considered to be one of the most reliable methods of identification. Identification of an individual plays a vital part of any medico-legal investigations. Dermatoglyphics is a branch of science that studies epidermal ridges and ridge patterns. Epidermal ridges are polygenic characteristics that form intrauterine 10e18 weeks and considered fully developed by the sixth month of fetal growth. Fingerprints are permanent morphological characteristics and criminal detection based on fingerprints is based on the principle that no two people can have identical fingerprints. Sex determination from fingerprints has been examined in different population. In this study we aimed to study fingerprint ridge density in Turkish population sample of Baskent University students. Fingerprints were obtained from 118 women, 88 men a total of 206 students aged between 17 and 28 years old by means of simple inking method. Fingerprints from all right and left hands fingers were collected in three different area of each. The ridges on fingerprints were counted diagonally on squares measuring 5 mm  5 mm on radial, ulnar and inferior areas. The fingerprint ridge density in radial, ulnar and inferior areas and between sexes was compared statistically Mann Whitney U test and Friedman test. The ridge density was significantly greater in women in every region studied and in all fingers when compared to men. The fingerprint ridge density in the ulnar and radial areas of the fingerprints was significantly greater than the lower area. Fingerprint ridge density can be used by medico-legal examination for sex identification.
Forensic Science International, 2010
2020
Identification of individual based on fingerprints is well established and widely used for both security and forensic purposes. In a forensic scenario, when a fingerprint is found at a scene of crime, it is sought to compare with the fingerprints from a set of suspects. Sex Identification may be considered as first level of identification. In this study, potential of ridge density has been explored for sex identification within wide age groups. A database of fingerprints collected from 190(95 Male and 95 Female) people of various age groups ranging from 1-70 year from Marathwada population has been prepared. Analysis of the fingerprints shows ridge density as an efficient sex marker except for the kids less than 10 years of age. The present study was aimed to explore the potential of ridge density in sex identification. The variability due to well defined area for the calculation of ridge density was also explored. The study revealed that there is no significant difference in ridge ...
Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine, 2019
Science & Justice, 2018
The variation in the epidermal ridge's width between the sexes, during various growth stages, and among different populations has been previously assessed. However, the changes that occur with aging are barely known. The goal of this study was to analyse the degree of variation in epidermal ridge width due to aging. So that, fingerprint ridge density was estimated to establish their relationship with body and hand size changes that typically occur in adulthood. In this study, a sample of 213 adults of both sexes from a Spanish native population of different age ranges-18-30 years old ("junior" group) and 50-66 years old ("senior" group)-was used. Ridge density was assessed in three counting areas of the distal
2014
Background: Fingerprints as evidence in the court of law is fingerprints, dermal ridge pattern of toes are also unique and permanent and specific for each individual. This present work is first of its kind where attempt has been made to analyze their corr gender. Methods: A number of 140 cases out of 156 total cases have been taken into consideration among the medical students and patients of all age group attending Manipal Teaching Hospital .The distribution of print pattern of both the hands and feet was studied to see any correlation existed with each other in the same individual and its relationship with sex was evaluated and analyzed statistically. as per order of frequency of occurrence, loop, whorl, arch and composite are found respectively. There is no similarity in the distribution of pattern in both the hands of an individual distribution of pattern of fingerprint and toe print. the formation of pattern of dermal ridges. Similarly there is also no gender wise discrepancy b...
International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 2023
Introduction: Dermatoglyphics (fingerprint/dactylography) is derived from the Greek word “Derma=Skin, Glyph=Carve.” Dermatoglyphics is defined as the scientific study of naturally occurring epidermal ridges and their configuration on the digits, palms and soles apart from flexion crease and secondary folds. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine correlation if any exits between the fingerprint pattern and blood group and gender. Materials and Methods: The general study design selected for this article was cross-sectional study. Here, the primary outcome variable is to determine correlation (if any) between the fingerprint pattern and blood group and gender. A total of 271 students volunteered for the study. Results: Loops were found to the most prevalent type of fingerprint in all blood groups. Blood groups and primary fingerprint patterns were found to be associated with the association being statistically significant. Conclusion: The correlation between the said entities would enable better authentication and prediction of identity of a person and thereby has the potential for great application in the field of forensics. Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, Fingerprint patterns.
Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2013
Variability in ridge density in a sub‐Saharan population sample was studied by counting ridges in three fingerprint areas (two distal regions, radial and ulnar, and one proximal region) on the epidermal surface of the distal phalanx. Study material was obtained from the fingerprint impressions of 100 male sub‐Saharan subjects aged between 18‐ and 48‐years old. The results were compared with those obtained from a Spanish population sample. Sub‐Saharan males presented lower ridge density than Spanish males in the distal regions (radial and ulnar) of all fingers, whereas differences in the proximal region were only observed on some fingers. Using the differences observed between these populations, the likelihood ratio for inferring membership of one of the populations from a fingerprint of unknown origin was calculated; therefore, a ridge density of 14 or less for both areas (ulnar and radial), support an origin sub‐Saharan versus Spanish population.
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019
The objectives of the present study were to identify gender from thumbprints ridge thickness using likelihood ratio and posterior probability density as well as to determine which of the three areas of thumb has more potential in sex determination. Ridge thickness for 97 male and 97 female subjects within the age range of 18-25 years were examined within the 25 mm 2 areas of the ulnar, radial and proximal parts of the thumb making up 1164 areas of the thumbprints. Female subjects exhibited finer ridge count compared to males in ulnar area of both sides of the thumbs. In the radial area, females were found to have finer ridge counts as in ulnar side, but with some coarse ridge. For the right proximal ridge thickness, a similar trend to that in the radial area was noticed, however, in the left thumbprint, males tend to have finer ridge counts compared to females. It was noticed that chance of sex inference from likelihood ratio decreased in the following order: proximal ridge thickness < radial ridge thickness < ulnar ridge thickness as ridge thickness decreases in favor of females but left proximal ridge thickness showed increased in likelihood ratio as ridge thickness decreased in favor of males. Ridge thickness in ulnar area showed more discrimination power compared to the other two areas studied. Considering equal probability for each sex, likelihood ratio reveals the applicability of ridge thickness in sex inference among Hausa population.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2010
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
The objectives of the present study were to identify gender from thumbprints ridge thickness using likelihood ratio and posterior probability density as well as to determine which of the three areas of thumb has more potential in sex determination. Ridge thickness for 97 male and 97 female subjects within the age range of 18-25 years were examined within the 25 mm 2 areas of the ulnar, radial and proximal parts of the thumb making up 1164 areas of the thumbprints. Female subjects exhibited finer ridge count compared to males in ulnar area of both sides of the thumbs. In the radial area, females were found to have finer ridge counts as in ulnar side, but with some coarse ridge. For the right proximal ridge thickness, a similar trend to that in the radial area was noticed, however, in the left thumbprint, males tend to have finer ridge counts compared to females. It was noticed that chance of sex inference from likelihood ratio decreased in the following order: proximal ridge thickness < radial ridge thickness < ulnar ridge thickness as ridge thickness decreases in favor of females but left proximal ridge thickness showed increased in likelihood ratio as ridge thickness decreased in favor of males. Ridge thickness in ulnar area showed more discrimination power compared to the other two areas studied. Considering equal probability for each sex, likelihood ratio reveals the applicability of ridge thickness in sex inference among Hausa population.
Journal of Forensic and Legal …, 2012
Previous research has demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism in friction ridge skin characteristics. This study uses a novel method for measuring sexual dimorphism in finger ridge breadths to evaluate its utility as a sex estimation method from an unknown fingerprint. Beginning and ending in a valley, the width of ten parallel ridges with no obstructions or minutia was measured in a sample of 250 males and females (N = 500). The results demonstrate statistically significant differences in ridge breadth between males and females (p < 0.001), with classification accuracy for each digit varying from 83.2% to 89.3%. Classification accuracy for the pooled finger samples was 83.9% for the right hand and 86.2% for the left hand, which is applicable for cases where the digit number cannot be determined. Weight, stature, and to a lesser degree body mass index also significantly correlate with ridge breadth and account for the degree of overlap between males and females.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2013
Although several studies have recently assessed sex differences in fingerprint ridge density and its variability in human populations from different origins, such a study has not been carried out yet in the Amerindian population. The goal of this study was to determine the topological and sexual differences in fingerprint ridge density (RD) in native subjects from two samples of northwestern Argentina (Jujuy province) living at different altitudes. The results were compared with those obtained from a Spanish population sample. The study was based on data from all 10 fingerprints of 393 adult Argentinian men and women, 193 from the Puna-Quebrada region (more than 2500 m above sea level) and 200 from Ramal (500 m above sea level). Ridge density was assessed for three different areas (radial, ulnar and proximal) for all 10 fingers of each subject. In both samples, significant differences between areas were obtained, so radial RD > ulnar RD > proximal RD. No significant differences were found between samples in males, while females from both samples significantly differed in the radial and proximal areas. Females have higher RD, so narrower ridges, than men, in all areas and all fingers. Application of Bayes' theorem allowed us to obtain a ridge density threshold for discrimination of sexes in Argentinian samples and the threshold for discrimination of populations between Argentinian and Spanish samples. These results can be useful for forensic use.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2016
Fingerprints are important biometric variables that show manifold utilities in human biology, human morphology, anthropology, and genetics. Their role in forensics as a legally admissible tool of identification is well recognized and is based on their stability following full development, individualistic characteristics, easy classification of their patterns, and uniqueness. Nevertheless, fingerprint ridge density and its variability have not been previously studied in the Sudanese population. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the topological variability in epidermal ridge density and to assess the possibility of its application in determining sex of Sudanese Arabs. The data used for this study were prints of all 10 fingers of 200 Sudanese Arab individuals (100 men and 100 women) aged between 18 and 28 years. Fingerprint ridge density was assessed for three different areas (radial, ulnar and proximal) for all 10 fingers of each subject. Significant variability was found between the areas (p < 0.01). Women showed significantly higher ridge density in the three areas for all and each fingers. Men and women showed similar patterns of densities with distal areas being denser than proximal ones. Side asymmetry was more evident in distal areas. Ridge density thresholds for discrimination of sexes were developed. Hence, fingerprints found in forensic examinations/crime scenes can be useful to determine sex of Sudanese individuals based on fingerprint ridge density; furthermore, ridge density can be considered a morphological trait for individual variation in forensic anthropology.
Journal of forensic and …, 2010
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2021
Identification has always been very vital in forensic casework. Fingerprint patterns are populationspecific and individualistic, that makes fingerprinting an important biological trait in human biology and forensics. Fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of the finger-ball, where friction ridges are raised portions of the epidermis. Skin on human fingertips contains ridges and valleys which together forms distinctive patterns. These patterns are fully developed in intra-uterine life and remain unaltered until the death of the individual. Injuries such as cuts, burns and bruises can temporarily damage quality of fingerprints but when fully healed, the patterns are restored. The number of ridges present in a unit area on a fingerprint is called the Fingerprint Ridge Density (FPRD). The epidermal ridge density can be determined by examining two parameters -ridge width and distance between the ridges. The thickness of the epidermal ridges varies between individuals and between the sexes. The present review of literature focuses on the sexual dimorphism on the basis of the FPRD and its possible use in forensic examinations. Most of the studies pertaining to the estimation of sex from the FPRD have been conducted in the last two decades when Mark A. Acree in 1999, devised a method of estimation of sex on Caucasian and African-American descent. The present analysis evaluates the studies found in the PubMed database conducted after Acree, 1999. The estimation of sex from the FPRD is based upon the fact that the females have a fine detailing of ridges and consequently more ridges are covered in a unit space in the fingerprints of females as compared to males. The paper also highlights recent advancements and future perspectives in the area of FPRD. (www.actabiomedica.it)
Anatomy Journal of Africa
The present study aimed at determining the association between thumbprint ridge count and sex variation among Nigerians in Calabar Municipality. A total number of 300 subjects (150 males and 150 females) aged between 12-35 years participated in the study. Conventional method of using ink pad was used to collect thumbprint of both hands and analysed using magnifying lens. The study confirmed the results of some earlier works done by other researchers on fingerprints. It further established the distribution proportions of thumbprint for both hands in both sexes for the population. The uniqueness of fingerprint to individuals was reaffirmed as no two thumbprints were identical among the 300 subjects under study. These results show that the order of prevalence are as follows; among males, in whatever combination of thumbprint pattern, whorl is the most occurring, followed by loop and arch. Among females, in whatever combination of thumbprint pattern, loop is the most occurring followed ...
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