Self-concepts of institutionalized adolescents: A framework for conceptualizing labeling effects

Receiving a psychiatric diagnosis in childhood or adolescence can have numerous social, emotional and practical repercussions. Among the most important of these are the implications for a young person’s self-concept and social identity. To ensure diagnoses are communicated and managed in a way that optimally benefits mental health trajectories, understanding young people’s first-hand experience of living with a diagnosis is paramount. This systematic review collates, evaluates and synthesises the qualitative research that has explored how psychiatric diagnosis interacts with young people’s self-concept and social identity. A search of 10 electronic databases identified 3,892 citations, 38 of which met inclusion criteria. The 38 studies were generally evaluated as moderate-to-high quality research. Thematic synthesis of their findings highlighted the multifaceted ways diagnosis affects young people’s self-concept and social identity. Diagnosis can sometimes threaten and devalue young people’s self-concept, but can also facilitate self-understanding, self-legitimation and self-enhancement. A diagnosis can lead to social alienation, invalidation and stigmatisation, yet can also promote social identification and acceptance. Further research is needed to clarify which self and identity outcomes can be expected in a given set of circumstances, and to establish how self and identity effects interact with diagnoses’ other clinical, practical, social and emotional consequences.

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1994

raditionally, dynamic and humanistic T perspectives have viewed a poor sense of self-worth and feelings of inferiority as causes of emotional maladjustment (Freud, 1923 Rogers, 1951;. Other, developmentally oriented theorists have noted that feelings of low self-worth are sometimes a concomitant of normal cognitive development and increasing self-reflection during adolescence Much of the earlier work in this area viewed the self as a global construct, although domain-specific models continue to grow in popularity ; Epstein, I9 73; Harter, 1982; Markus & Wurf; I98 7; . Looking at specific domains of self-perception more accurately addresses the complexity of the self , which, in turn, allows for greater specificity in assessment and intervention. Still, previous research has met with mixed results, and a clear picture is lacking as to the nature of the relationship between self-perception and psychopathology. found that normative adolescents' reports of depression were most highly (and inversely) related to their sense of physical appearance. On the other hand, reported that a group of emotionally disturbed children receiving outpatient treatment rated themselves higher than a norma-

2015

Stigma, discrimination against someone because of an attribute they have or are believed to have, can result from being labeled mentally ill. Studies have found individuals to be perceived more negatively when they are thought to be mentally ill, regardless of whether they actually have a mental illness or not. In the current study all participants viewed two videotaped interviews, one with a man who has a diagnosed mental illness and one with a man who has no known mental illness. However, participants were either told both men were mentally ill or told nothing about the men. Participants ’ perceptions of the two men were measured. Results showed both men were rated significantly more negative when participants were told the men were mentally ill.

New directions for mental health services, 1984

This chapter explores the ways in which self-image profiles can distinguish adolescents with different psychiatric disturbances. While it has long been the goal of both researchers and clinicians to discern the differences among psychopathologies, rarely has the patient's own self-view been used in making such distinctions, although the practice appears to have many advantages: It would enable us to learn about an additional aspect of psychiatric disturbances, the disturbances in the patient's self-concept. This information would help clinicians in making differential diagnoses. Moreover, as Offer and others (1981) note, understanding self-image differences would increase our predictive power. That is, knowing how adolescents feel about themselves would indicate how they will behave. Finally, such information would give therapists empathic access to the self as teenagers experience it. Such access could facilitate communication and thereby improve the relationship between therapists and adolescent patients.

1979

Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 2011

Introduction.

BMC Psychiatry, 2017

Background: The impact of illness labels on the stigma experiences of individuals with mental health problems is a matter of ongoing debate. Some argue that labels have a negative influence on judgments and should be avoided in favour of information emphasising the existence of a continuum of mental health/illness. Others believe that behavioral symptoms are more powerful influencers of stigma than labels. The phenomenon has received little attention in adolescent research, despite the critical importance of the peer group at this developmental stage. This study employs a novel experimental design to examine the impact of the depression label and continuum information on adolescents' responses to peers with depression. Methods: Participants were 156 adolescents, 76 male, 80 female (M = 16.25 years; SD = .361), assigned to one of three conditions (Control, Label, Continuum). Participants respond to four audiovisual vignette characters (two clinically depressed) on three occasions. Outcome measures included judgment of the mental health of the vignette characters and emotional responses to them. Results: Neither the provision of a depression label or continuum information influenced perceptions of the mental health of the characters in the audiovisual vignettes or participants' emotional responses to them. Conclusion: The findings have implications for the design of interventions to combat depression stigma with adolescents. Interventions should not necessarily target perceptions of psychiatric labels, but rather perceptions of symptomatic behaviour.

American Journal of Sociology, 1987

2009

This paper presents and discusses the implications of labelling for patients who are a part of diagnostic group. Nurses not only allocate patient groups to a 'bed space' according to their illness, but they also allocate the individual by their past history, as well as by that patient's previous level of surveillance, giving the act of labelling not only a structuring effect on patient care and diagnosis, but also a historicity. These beliefs are unthinkingly applied to both cohort and individual patient. The outcomes of such a practice led to group distinctions bestowed upon individuals regardless of whether such classifi cation and organisation fi t the patient or not. The effect of labelling left patients cared for the same way regardless of individual differences and left nurses relying on indirect mechanisms of control to look after these patients.

2018

2018

Self-labeling using psychological disorders can be useful to easily detect if the client is suffering from a mental health problem, but most people do self-labeling as a stigmatizing attitude and not to seek treatment. Generally, this study aimed to determine the possible correlation between the extent of self-labeling and attitude towards mental health. To achieve this, the study also aimed to identify the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their academic strand, year level and sex; to measure their extent of self-labeling using psychological disorder and their attitude towards mental health; to determine the significant relationship between their self-labeling and attitude to mental health; to identify the recurring themes from experiences of the Senior High School students in self-labeling; and to propose a prevention program to address their self-labeling habit and improve their mental health. Descriptive Mixed Method was employed in conducting the study. Three-hundred and fifty-two Senior High School Students of Nasugbu, Batangas were randomly selected to participate in survey testing and eight students were conveniently selected to participate in the Focus Group Discussion. Pearson R Correlation Coefficient was used as the statistical treatment to determine the possible correlation of the said variables, and coding system was in accordance to the Foucauldian Discourse Analysis Framework. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the students’ extent of labeling self with psychological disorder and their attitude towards mental health. Furthermore, five themes emerged from the quantitative process including being aware of oneself, influence of social interaction, pressures causing self-labeling, coping mechanisms to overcome their labeling habit, and acquisition of knowledge inhibiting self-labeling. It has been concluded that students do not usually do self-labeling but they have a negative attitude towards Mental Health. A prevention program was proposed to raise further awareness to the students regarding the importance of Mental Health so to maintain the inhibition of self-labeling using psychological disorders.

Social science & medicine (1982), 2018

Receiving a psychiatric diagnosis in childhood or adolescence can have numerous social, emotional and practical repercussions. Among the most important of these are the implications for a young person's self-concept and social identity. To ensure diagnoses are communicated and managed in a way that optimally benefits mental health trajectories, understanding young people's first-hand experience of living with a diagnosis is paramount. This systematic review collates, evaluates and synthesises the qualitative research that has explored how psychiatric diagnosis interacts with young people's self-concept and social identity. A search of 10 electronic databases identified 3892 citations, 38 of which met inclusion criteria. The 38 studies were generally evaluated as moderate-to-high quality research. Thematic synthesis of their findings highlighted the multifaceted ways diagnosis affects young people's self-concept and social identity. Diagnosis can sometimes threaten an...

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2018

Objective:We assess Matsueda’s reflected appraisals model of delinquency across groups of previously delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. We hypothesize that the reflected appraisals process, which entails incorporating informal appraisals by significant others into self-identities, differs across delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents.Method:We estimate cross-group models of the reflected appraisals process among delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents using the data (National Youth Survey) and methodology (structural equation modeling) from Matsueda’s original research.Results:The informal labeling and identity processes articulated in the reflected appraisals model better explain delinquency continuity than delinquency onset. Notable differences across previously delinquent and nondelinquent groups are found with respect to the influence of parental appraisals on reflected appraisals and with respect to the influence of race on parental and reflected appraisals.Conclusion...

Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 1993

The relationship between delinquent involvement and the perceived importance of a variety of others in influencing, creating, and sustaining identity was explored in four subsamples (n = 238) of teens of varying levels of official delinquency. More delinquent teens were more likely to view conventional peers, delinquent peers and lifestyles, or no one at all as influencing their sense of self and identity. They were less likely to perceive parents and other adults as influential.

Personality and Individual Differences, 1989

A total of 54 adolescents, 27 who were participating in a residential treatment center for substance abuse and a matched sample of 27 attending junior or senior high school in the state of Arizona. completed the extended version of the objective measure of ego identity status (EOM-EIS; Grotevant and Adams, J. Yourh Adolesc. 13 [419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430][431][432][433][434][435][436][437][438] 1984). A discriminant analysis, utilizing group membership (clinical vs. nonclinical) as the criterion variable and scores from the eight EOM-EIS subscales as predictors, revealed that four scales (viz. interpersonal achievement, interpersonal foreclosure, ideological achievement, and ideological moratorium) combined to differentiate the two groups. All comparisons indicated that the clinical group was significantly less psychosocially mature than the nonclinical group as evidenced by lower scores on measures of achievement and moratorium, and higher scores on the measure of foreclosure. Classification accuracy based upon the analysis indicated that 98.15% of the sample was placed correctly; 100.0% of the clinical group and all but one (96.3%) of the junior/senior high school students. Implications for matching prevention and treatment to levels of maturity, and identification of "at risk" students are discussed.