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2007, Journal of Abnormal Psychology
AI
The research investigates the optimization of genetic improvement in crop breeding through Genomic Selection (GS) methods. It contrasts GS with traditional Phenotypic Selection (PS) by simulating multiple cycles of recurrent selection among various combinations of selection methods, training sets, and genetic architectures. The study finds that while GS can provide immediate gains, PS retains genetic variability for long-term benefits. Results indicate that interaction among factors significantly influences genetic improvement rates, emphasizing the importance of careful planning in breeding strategies.
2010
No examination of the role of GE crops in the sustainability of U.S. agriculture is complete without understanding what drives academic bioscience. The National Research Council's 2010 report on the role of genetically engineered (GE) crops in U.S. farm sustainability underscores not only their successes, but the challenges they now introduce. The challenges include protecting against herbicide resistance, tracking and controlling water pollution, measuring and guarding against gene flow to non-GE varieties, and attending to such potentially public-good issues as climate change mitigation, minor-crop development, and nitrogen fixation. In the shorter term, successes in these areas will depend on commercial trait development and on the farm management practices linked to it. In the longer term, however, it will depend on the drivers influencing academic bioscience, where most fundamental research underlying genetic modification-and much of the translational work bridging the gap between proof-of-concept and product development-begins. Such drivers increasingly can be understood in supply-and-demand terms because universities increasingly view themselves as suppliers of research deliverables and demanders of research money. On the other side of these two markets, journals, governments, and firms seek research deliverables and public agencies and firms supply research monies.
Journal of Genetic Counseling
Journal of Biosciences, 2000
I draw attention to the perceptions of and interactions between molecular biologists and scientists engaged in plant breeding in India, who have been attempting to employ molecular biology tools to understand and intervene to improve the rice crop. The present essay suggests that the concept of cognitive empathy is crucial for enabling basic scientists and applied scientists to begin to understand phenomena from the point of view of the other and from the point of view of society at large, and in arriving at solutions that are scientifically feasible and socially acceptable. Socialization into disciplinary cultures, organizational factors and individual anxieties seem to inhibit inter-disciplinary collaboration. The majority of rice breeders and a small group of molecular biologists emphasize the relative merits of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the near term vis-à-vis the currently controversial transgenic approach for rice crop improvement in India.
Abstract. Plant breeding is the process of creating genetically elite plants. It entails multidisciplinary research through which diverse technologies and knowledge,are “translated” into improved,genetic types that enable production of more and better food, feed, fibers, fuel, raw materials, and countless valued-added products. Ramifications include our health, environment, social and economic stability, national security, energy independence, science and technology, i.e., our future. The scientific impact of plant breeding includes [1] discovery of new biological, agricultural and genetic phenomena, and/or their usefulness [2] development and/or establishment of new scientific knowledge,and technologies; [3] “translation” of scientific knowledge and technology into products that tangibly benefit US society; and [4] production of a capable and relevant scientific workforce. Our Nation’s level of investment in the applied, or so-called “conventional,” aspects of plant breeding is, ho...
Nature Reviews Genetics, 2008
The American Journal of Bioethics, 2008
and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Crop Science, 2019
The need to restore natural landscapes impacted by environmental perturbations such as wildfires, and droughts, gave rise to Seeds of Success (SOS), a collaborative effort led by the Bureau of Land Management to collect seed of US wild native species since 2001. These collected native species are also important for agricultural activities; however, this has not been fully assessed. The SOS National Collection was evaluated for potential as sources of traits for crop improvement and direct development for agricultural purposes. Use of the collection was examined using information provided in seed requests from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System. From 2001 to 2017, SOS collected 23,577 accessions of 4761 different species, representing almost 30% of the native species in the United States. Collecting efforts have filled gaps in the conservation of native crop wild relatives; 12% of species and 18% of accessions are close and distant relatives of major and minor crops. Almost a third of the National Collection includes species with potential use in ornamental, food, medicinal, forage and feed, or material and industrial plant production. Of these species, those with ornamental potential are the most abundant in the National Collection. Requests for seed have been increasing over time, with the top three uses categorized as genetic studies, botanical or taxonomic investigations, and varietal development. Seeds of Success has positively affected the availability of native, wild plant genetic resources that have many potential uses in support of agricultural crop improvement, research, and education.
2006
I was born January 25, 1975 in Chicago, Illinois, to my parents Bud and Sandy Fulkerson. In my younger years my family moved around, and I enjoyed life in the rural areas of both Kansas and Pennsylvania. I always loved playing in the woods or feeding the three cows that would visit me in my backyard. These early days instilled in me a love for life in rural America and a sense of wonder about farming. Later, my family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan where I spent the remainder of my youth. After high school, I moved to East Lansing, Michigan to begin my studies at Michigan State University. It was there that I became interested in sociology and especially with environmental and agricultural issues. In my time in East Lansing I learned many important lessons in life that would help me to succeed. My master's program was carried out at Western Michigan University, in Kalamazoo, under the guidance of Gregory J. Howard. Together, we had many wonderful discussions with each other and with the other graduate students whom I miss greatly. It was there hat I continued to expand my interests in environmental issues, working with Dr. Howard. After the completion of my master's program, I moved back to Lansing to teach. At Lansing Community College I learned the art and science of teaching and gained a greater appreciation for those who had taught me along the way. The people at LCC were very helpful and afforded me several opportunities to enhance my teaching abilities. But after a couple of years I decided that I missed the research component of sociology, and applied to North Carolina State University for the Ph.D. program. iii At North Carolina State University I was early paired with Professor Ronald Wimberley. We discovered that we shared many of the same interests in terms of environment, agriculture, rurality, and social change. As his research assistant, I learned much of what I know today about how to do research-many lessons of which were taught purely by example. It is exciting for me to be finishing this program on a project that involves Dr. Wimberley every step of the way. take a moment to thank them. First and foremost, is my wife Megan. She has given me endless support and encouragement throughout my years in graduate school, and has always been there through the good times and bad. She should be the one receiving the degree. I would also like to thank my mom, Sandy Fulkerson, and my dad, Bud Fulkerson, who deserve praise for not only supporting me while in graduate school, but also for helping me to become the person that I am today. I can never repay my family for what they have given me. I also would like to thank the graduate students at North Carolina State University. Particularly, I would like to thank Gretchen Thompson for being a close colleague. Many of our discussions have kept me going and helped me straighten out my ideas. I would also like to recognize and thank Karl Jicha, Olena
Abstract Text: Genetic improvement delivers benefits in the form of trait changes, informed markets for seedstock, and expertise and capacity among breeders. The primary beneficiaries of the trait changes have generally been believed to consumers. This is not automatically the case. This belief has been used to support arguments for community support for genetic improvement. Re-framing the question “who benefits” as “what changes are valuable, and how best to fund the improvement” is suggested as a more useful approach. From this perspective, more traits and a longer time horizon are preferred. The challenge of supporting the phenotypic recording required in the face of market failure remains, and a mechanism is proposed for addressing this, applicable where there are collective funds available for industry development. Keywords: Investment costs and returns Phenotypic recording
Journal of Genetic Counseling - J GENET COUNS, 2003
Presented as the annual education conference of the National Society of Genetic Counselors in Phoenix, Arizona on November 11, 2002.
Biopreservation and Biobanking, 2018
Genebanks are responsible for collecting, maintaining, characterizing, documenting, and distributing plant genetic resources for research, education, and breeding purposes. The rationale for requests of plant materials varies highly from areas of anthropology, social science, smallholder farmers, the commercial sector, rehabilitation of degraded systems, all the way to crop improvement and basic research. Matching ''the right'' accessions to a particular request is not always a straightforward process especially when genetic resource collections are large and the user does not already know which accession or even which species they want to study. Some requestors have limited knowledge of the crop; therefore, they do not know where to begin and thus, initiate the search by consultation with crop curators to help direct their request to the most suitable germplasm. One way to enhance the use of genebank material and aid in the selection of genetic resources is to have thoroughly cataloged agronomic, biochemical, genomic, and other traits linked to genebank accessions. In general, traits of importance to most users include genotypes that thrive under various biotic and abiotic stresses, morphological traits (color, shape, size of fruits), plant architecture, disease resistance, nutrient content, yield, and crop specific quality traits. In this review, we discuss methods for linking traits to genebank accessions, examples of linked traits, and some of the complexities involved, while reinforcing why it is critical to have well characterized accessions with clear trait data publicly available.
Journal of Agricultural Education, 2017
Researchers and pollsters still debate the acceptance of genetic engineering technology among U.S. adults, and continue to assess their knowledge as part of this research. While decision-making may not rely entirely on knowledge, querying opinions and perceptions relies on public understanding of genetic engineering terms. Experience with agriculture may increase familiarity with genetic engineering terms. We conducted a national survey of 429 United States adults through Qualtrics and found two-thirds lack any formal, nonformal, or informal agriculture experience. More than half of participants knew "a little" or less for 13 of the 17 terms presented, especially those directly related to genetic engineering or breeding technology for food, such as "genetically modified organism" and "crossbred organism." Consumers with agricultural experience reported more term familiarity for genetics and genetic engineering than those without experience. More than half also felt they did not know the difference between traditional selective breeding, DNA-directed breeding, and genetic engineering, but they still felt both human health and environmental risks should be considered before creating new animal or plant varieties. We must consider the lack of familiarity of genetic related terms and experience in agriculture when researching or creating educational programming around genetic engineering for food.
The Hastings Center Report, 2004
Once the grant was under way, Audrey, Mark, Elving and I were joined by Catherine Baker and Nancy Press to form a steering committee that shared the responsibility for making all of the decisions relevant to the project, from setting meeting agendas to identifying background readings, holding a public meeting in Washington, D.C., and creating a primer of behavioral genetics, a book of essays, and this report. Working with Nancy, Cathy, Audrey, Mark, and Elving was a pleasure and an honor. The steering committee was part of a larger working group, whose members are listed on the facing page. On some topics, additional help was provided by consultants:
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