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2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.10…
2 pages
1 file
As digital advancements reshape communication, researchers need interdisciplinary methods to understand the cognitive processes involved. This essential reference for advanced students and researchers provides a comprehensive introduction to innovative research methods in cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS). International experts from diverse disciplines share best practices for investigating cognitive processes in multilectal mediated communication. They emphasize the application of these methods across research domains situated at the interface of cognition and communication. The book offers an in-depth analysis of key research methods, explaining their rationales, uses, affordances, and limitations. Each chapter focuses on one or two closely related research methods and their tools, including surveys, interviews, introspective techniques, keylogging, eyetracking, and neuroimaging. The book guides readers in planning research projects and in making informed methodological choices. It also helps readers understand the basics of popular tools, fostering more rigorous research practices in data collection. Additionally, it provides practical suggestions on study design, participant profiling, and data analysis to deepen our understanding of texts, tasks, and their users.
LANS-TTS, 2020
Several indicators seem to suggest that, through nearly six decades of development, Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS) may be taking shape as an autonomous field of study. The main challenges ahead seem to be building sounder theoretical models and carrying out more rigorous methodological scrutiny. These two strands converge as central themes in the 11 contributions to this special issue of LANS-TTS. To provide a context for theoretical modelling and to frame critical discussions of the methods included in this volume, we first trace the present landscape of CTS and how it evolved so as to test Holmes’ criteria for disciplines: founding new channels of communication and sharing a “disciplinary utopia”. The contributions are arranged into four thematic categories as applied to CTS, namely, scientometrics, framing or reframing our field, the reliability and validity of popular research methods, and new methods or novel approaches. This article closes with a call to reflect on some fundamental issues on the next steps of humankind regarding communication, with ever-growing societal demands and expectations that call for refreshing our notions of translation in the context of increasingly diversified forms of multilectal mediated communication.
Translation & Interpreting, 2015
Experimental research into cognitive processes in translation is often faulted for small sample sizes and the lack of generalisability of findings. Researchers face constraints when identifying and recruiting participants for studies, since the traditional site-bound laboratory imposes geographic limitations on who can potentially participate. Internet-mediated research is a potential solution to this issue, as it expands the size of participant pools and eliminates the need for participant travel. Moreover, different participant variables can be introduced into research projects since scholars are not confined to the local testing area. Keystroke logging in particular is one data collection method that is well suited for Internet-mediated research, yet has not been widely employed in this manner. Here, the literature is reviewed as it relates to Internet-mediated research, with particular emphasis on keystroke logging and translation process research. Specific considerations must be addressed before researchers undertake this type of research project, including the following: the participants themselves; ethics and confidentiality; ecological validity; data security; hardware and software; and the desired measures. Internet-mediated research should be seen as a complement to laboratory studies rather than their replacement.
2020
This collection provides a snapshot of cutting-edge research in the rapidly developing area of cognitive approaches to multilingual mediated communication. The chapters cover important trends in current work, including: the increasing interaction between translation and interpreting research, the emergence of neuroscientific theories and methods, the role of emotion in translation processes, and the impact of cognitive aptitudes on translation performance. Exploring the interface with neighbouring research areas such as bilingualism, reading, and cognitive psychology, the book presents a variety of theoretical frameworks and constructs to support empirical research and theoretical development. The authors address new research areas, such as emotions and multisensory integration; apply new research constructs, such as eye-voice span; and expand the scope of cognitive translation studies to include agents other than the mediator. Documenting the growth in breadth and depth within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) over the past decade, this is essential reading for all advanced students and researchers needing an up-to-date overview of cognitive translation and interpreting studies.
Bermann, Sandra and Catherine Porter (eds) A Companion to Translation Studies
""Recent scholarly developments both within and outside translation studies attest to the growing perception among researchers that, in the pursuit of understanding processes of interlingual and intercultural transfer and mediation, analysing language is not enough. The centrality of (mostly written) language in translation studies research is hardly surprising, with linguistics being widely regarded as the discipline which has most informed the study of translation and interpreting since they emerged as a field of academic inquiry in the middle of the twentieth century (Baker 1996). The emphasis of early research on short, often decontextualised stretches of text (Baker and Pérez-González 2010) resulted in an excision of language – understood as text or discourse – from its context that has become the object of growing scrutiny by translation and interpreting scholars over the last two decades. More importantly, this displacement of language from context has favoured the analysis of language and its instantiation in discourse separately from other forms of meaning-making resources. This paper sets out to examine recent theoretical developments seeking to redress the displacement of language from other kinds of meaning-making resources and their impact on the theorisation of translation and interpreting. The starting premise of this chapter is that academic interest in non-verbal semiotic resources and their role in processes of interlingual and intercultural transfer is unevenly spread across different scholarly strands within the discipline. As far as the breadth of this research agenda is concerned, images appear to be the only non-linguistic meaning-making signs showing an increasingly recognised potential to inform research in translation studies. Dialogue interpreting, audiovisual and drama translation, to give but a few examples, still lack the theoretical and methodological concepts and tools to systematically analyse semiotic resources such as the gestures and facial expressions accentuating face-to-face conversation; the choices of fonts, colours and patterns of textual-visual interaction in printed advertisements; or the use of music and lighting in the staging of a drama production, respectively. This paper surveys ongoing research on how different semiotic resources shape translational behaviour in different communicative contexts, including but not limited to the interaction between speech and image in printed media and motion pictures; the modelling of composite semiotic systems, such as movement, gestures and gaze; the representation of identities and ideologies using non-verbal resources; and the conceptualisation of space, interpersonal perspective and salience in a range of settings, such as museums. The paper then moves on to explore how insights imported from multimodal theory, as developed in the field of systemic functional linguistics and social semiotics, may help translation and interpreting scholars to gain new insights into old data. Key notions like ‘multimodal’, ‘multimedial’, ‘mode’, ‘modality’, ‘sub-mode’ and ‘medial realisation’ are introduced and explored in some detail. The contribution of multimodal insights to research in translation studies are also gauged in relation to new data and their contexts of production, as illustrated by the way in which different modes function semiotically when combined in the modern discourse worlds afforded by the computer and the Internet. In these ‘new media’, information is proliferating in forms which push our methods of sharing it effectively; the shape of discourse communities using, assessing and circulating translations is changing with the changing shape of texts; ideological currents engaging with the interpretation of translations are flowing beyond existing linguistic means of analysis and critique; and new amateur phenomena, mainly fandom and political activism, are increasingly appropriating translation and interpreting as a means to effect social change. The final section (before the conclusion) considers the methodological implications of multimodal research in translation and interpreting studies, with particular emphasis on new tools like multimodal transcriptions and multimodal corpora. ""
Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies
The study of multimodal phenomena calls upon translation scholars to cross disciplinary boundaries and adopt a range of theoretical and methodological approaches. The diversity of the multimodal landscape brings about research challenges that must be carefully addressed to ensure that these research efforts yield useful and credible results. This special issue is dedicated to a discussion on how to engage in multimodal translation research: how traditional research methods can be adapted and what kinds of novel approaches can be adopted or developed in order to deal with a diversity of multimodal data. In this introduction, we first discuss definitions of mode and multimodality and reflect on the nature of multimodality as a topic of research within Translation Studies. We then explain our rationale for dedicating the special issue to research methods and introduce three areas of multimodal translation research that, in our view, merit particular attention from a methodological poin...
İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, 2023
Among many definitions, translation can be described as decision making, which involves the concepts of problem solving, strategies, and choices, situating translation as a process which is oriented to study what goes on in the mind of the translators. Then, decision making can be addressed in studies concerning the translator, rather than the product, and can be tackled within the field of translation process research. This is already the case for think-aloud protocols (TAP), studied by many scholars within the framework of decision making. In spite of the criticism it gets, it is obvious that TAP provide rich data on decision making in translation, enhancing a wider perspective on the process-oriented approaches. Based on this perspective, then, TAP can also be studied within the situated and distributed cognition approaches to translation as a valuable research method that has access to the "black box" that will also provide an awareness of the fact that translation decision making and problem solving are not only restricted to texts. In this review, how decision making and translators are studied in translation process research will be reviewed, making some suggestions for future studies.
语言、翻译与认知 [Studies in Language, Communication & Cognition], 2021
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies (CTIS). One of the paradigms within CTIS, Cognitive Translatology (CT), draws from Situated Cognition and already is an alternative to traditional views on the interface between brain, mind and diverse forms of multilectal mediated communication. One decade after the original presentation of the CT framework, this article aims to clarify and update the notions introduced there. First, the article elaborates on prerequisite concepts such as inter-textuality, meaning, language, and communication from cognitive translatological perspectives. Second, it reviews the nature of translations and translating and presents a précis on CT's disciplinary basics, such as the object of study, research methods and future directions. Altogether, we hope to contribute to dispelling misunderstandings and answer some recurrent questions on the theoretical edifice of Cognitive Translatology.
2002
Following the ‘visual turn’ in many areas of communication, investigators are increasingly considering explicitly both the presentation of information in forms such as photographs, diagrams, graphics, icons and so on, and interrogating their relationships with linguistically presented information. The majority of analyses currently proposed, however, remain impressionistic and difficult to verify. In this paper, we argue that the study of multimodal meaning-making needs to be placed on a more solid empirical basis in order to move on to detailed theory construction. We describe the state of the art in corpus preparation and show how this can be expanded to be of value for supporting investigative work in the area of multimodality.
Interpreters' Newsletter, 1999
Mainly structured around issues revealed in a questionnaire survey among 25 eminent translation process researchers worldwide, this paper deals with methodological issues in think-aloud-based translation process research from two perspectives: theoretical and practical. It argues that there is no strong evidence suggesting that TAP significantly changes or influences the translation process, though TAP’s validity and completeness in a specific study might depend more or less on several variables. TAP and such recording methods as keystroke logging and eye tracking serve different specific research purposes, so they can be combined in a multimethod study to answer more complex research questions. Several research designs are available for a multimethod study, and researchers are encouraged to try designs other than one-shot case studies or convergence design. As for the research procedure, this paper touches upon how to transcribe and analyze the protocols. Many stereotypes in this f...
A balanced development of translation studies as a discipline entails effective researches in all the three branches of Descriptive Translation Studies mapped by James , namely the product-, function-and process-oriented studies. With more research findings in the first two fields made in the latter part of the 20 th century, the process-oriented research acquires promising momentum in the first decade of the 21 st century, as it borrows the latest theoretical models and research methods from the neighboring cognitive disciplines, such as cognitive psychology, cognitive linguistics, neurophysiology and computational linguistics. New methods of gathering multi-media data about translator behaviour and large-scale joint research projects have emerged with findings about the underlying nature of translation as a cognitive activity. These findings are unimaginable previously with the traditional research methods.
Meta: Journal des traducteurs, 2016
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1999
In the last decade, Think Aloud Protocols (TAPs) have become a major instrument in process-oriented Translation Studies (TS). However, the serious questions regarding the experimental validity of this research methodology when applied to the translation process has been systematically reviewed in the literature.
Benjamins Translation Library, 2015
The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Methodology , 2022
Translation process research (TPR) is an atheoretical label used to describe research within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) devoted to the study of the cognition involved in multilingual mediated communication with written source texts. Research methods are a pivotal issue in TPR, where researchers’ main aim is to develop rigorous, reliable methods to access the evidence of the workings of translators’ minds. Moreover, the drive in TPR for advancing fast and catching up with the pace of other cognitive science disciplines has resulted in a profusion of research topics, data coding, and tools. This chapter provides a snapshot of research methodology in TPR with an eye to identifying limitations, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. After introducing some basic notions related to quantitative and qualitative research, it focuses on three key types of research in TPR: quasi experimental, observational, and the cognitive research of texts. Each type is briefly contextualized and defined in relation to the theoretical paradigm it adheres to, its contexts of application and topics, and the data collection and analysis methods most frequently employed. Core results and critical issues are also discussed. The chapter closes with a few recommendations for practice.
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND TRANSLATION STUDIES: EUROPEAN POTENTIAL, 2022
Revista Tradumàtica: technologies de la traducció, 2019
Research on technology-enabled and technology-mediated interpreting to date has taken a largely product-oriented approach to understand the role of technology during interpreting. In response to calls for additional empirical research on the intersection of interpreting, technology, and cognition, this article argues for the inclusion of process-oriented research and outlines several areas of potential investigation.
HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks, 2003
HCI has come to encompass technologies that mediate human-human communication such as text-based chat or desk-top video conferencing. The designers of equipment to electronically mediate communication need answers to questions that depend on a knowledge of how we use language. What communication tasks will benefit from a shared whiteboard? When are text messages better than speech? Thus the theory that informs the design of these artefacts is a theory of human-human interaction. Previous theories of language use divide into the cognitive and the social. Most psycholinguistic accounts of language production and comprehension are very cognitive. They are solely concerned with the information processing going on in an individual's head. Ethnomethodological and other sociological accounts of language use are, in contrast, social. They concentrate on the structure that is observable in the behaviour of groups. Herbert Clark has developed a theory of language use that bridges these two camps and that can make practically relevant predictions for the design of facilities to electronically mediate communication. The key concept in Clark's theory is that of common ground. Language is viewed as a collaborative activity that uses existing common ground to develop further common ground and hence to communicate efficiently. The theory: (i) defines different kinds of common ground; (ii) formalises the notion of collaborative activity as a "joint action", and (iii) describes the processes by which common ground is developed through joint action. The next section in this chapter explains why a purely cognitive model of communication is not enough and what is meant by the phrase "collaborative activity". Section 2 introduces the idea of common ground and how it is used in language through an example of two people communicating over a video link. Section three indicates where the interested reader can find out about the antecedents to Clark's theory. Section 4 sets out the fundamental concepts in Clark's theory. Section 5 uses three published case studies of mediated communication to illustrate the value of the theory.
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