Reducing Depression via Self Management Therapy among Female Adolescents

The Professional Medical Journal, 2008

Introduction: Adolescents and youth are the main human resource for a nation. Depression is a grave yard for hopes and prosperity making the generation sad, inactive, and having suicidal thoughts. Thus every effort should be made to create awareness and eliminate depression from our youth. Objective: To find out the psychosocial determinants of depression in female adolescent and youth. Design: Case control study. Place and duration: Lahore cant urban area, from March, 2007 to July, 2007. Material and methods: It was a community based case control study. Total 400 young females were selected. 200 cases of depression and 200 in the control group. An interview schedule including a structured, pre-tested and bilingual questionnaire was used after taking consent. SPSS and Epi info were used for data analysis. Chi square test was applied. Results: In this study the depression in adolescent and young females had statistically significant relationship with unemployment, underage marriage, ...

Mental well being is a fundamental for good quality of life. Around the world depression is one of the most common mental illnesses among working age group. Approx 20% of the adolescents experience a mental health problem each years most commonly depression and anxiety which was the major cause of sucide in developed and developing country. The objective of this study is to explore the risk factors of depression specially focousing on academic stress, perceived social support, and stressful life events. An exploratory case control study was carried out to explore the factors responcible for depression among adolescents of age 15 to 19 years. Total 42 casees of adolescent's depression were included by using the formulae. While calculating the sample size estimated prevalence of academic stress in case group 45% and in comparision group 15% was taken with 5% level of significance and power of study was 80%. Total 120 Adolescents were screened by using beck depression inventory from community for ensuring that they are free from depression. Finally among them 82 were included in study as a control. In case group 28.6% had severe academic whereas 9.5% respondents of control group had severe academic stress. Among cases 23.8% respondents had very good social support whereas among control 73.8% had very good social support. Stressful life events like a Person who had experienced failure of love had 4.75 times (OR=4.75) more risk of depression compare to person who had not experienced failure in love. Similarly, person having habit of smoking, history of chronic illness in family and economic crisis in family had 7.84, 3.65 and 1.76 times (OR= 7.84, 3.65 and 1.76) more risk of depression respectively as compare to person who didn't faced that. Study concludes that inadequate social support, high academic stress, and stressful life events are associated factors for depression.

Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders. In recent years, cognitive-behavioral group therapy has received more attention for treating depression. The main purpose of present study is to examine the effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on reducing depression among girl pupils of Junior high schools of Tehran city. The method of research is quasi-experimental. Multiple Cluster Sampling technique was employed to select 16 pupils and then they were randomly divided to each of control and case groups. After participation of experimental group at CBT meetings, all of the participants took pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using dependent t-student test. The findings revealed that there is significant difference between two groups at pre-post test results regarding Back Depression Inventory. The findings of present study provide empirical supports for the effects of CBT on girl pupils' depression reduction at junior high schools.

International Journal of Health Care and Biological Sciences, 2021

Depression is an mental disorder that associated with depressed mood ,loss of pleasure,loss of interest over any work. There is an immediate need for awareness programs and counselling and educate the depressed people in the social and psychological environment. If there is any delay in conducting these awareness programs, this may impact on the delayed activities which may effect their carrier. This is a review which gives a calculated report of Beck’s depression inventory scale ,which is utilized for the calibration of levels of depression in a group lo students of age 17-25 years. It is an prospective observational study conducted on 328 individuals (N=328) to depict the levels of their handling stress.Infect that this present article gives review report.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2010

BACKGROUND: Adolescents rarely seek psychiatric help; they even hesitate to disclose their feelings to their parents. However; the adolescents especially the females experience depressive symptoms more frequently than general population. Do they experience classic depressive symptoms? Are there symptoms specific to this subpopulation? AIM OF THE STUDY: Through this study, the authors aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders

The article is devoted to the problems of teenage depression. Signs and features of depressive conditions in adolescence are considered, common factors of depressive disorders occurrence in adolescents, as well as features of disorders in the behavioral and emotional sphere of adolescents, are determined. The negative effects of depression in adolescents are highlighted and depression prevention and prevention measures are determined. Methods of preventing and preventing depression during adolescence are proposed.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disorder during adolescence and it is associated with an increased risk of suicide, poor school performance, impaired social skills, social withdrawal and substance abuse. Further, as many depressive episode in adolescents do not reach the diagnostic threshold for MDD, the disorder remains undetected. This review aims to provide an update of clinical features of adolescent MDD and to focus on the most appropriate therapeutic strategies to adopt in clinical practice. We reviewed the international literature to identify studies focusing on clinical features and therapeutic options in adolescents affected by MDD. PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library databases were searched for English language papers. The clinical picture of depression is variable with sex and age. Somatic complaints, particularly headache and fatigue, are a common presentation in adolescent MDD. Irritability is present most frequently in female and it is related to the sever...

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2018

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 2003

Major depressive disorder is a common problem for adolescents. It has a wide array of symptoms affecting somatic, cognitive, affective, and social processes. Academic failure, poor peer relationships, behavioral problems, conflict with parents and other authority figures, and substance abuse are some of the consequences of major depressive disorder in this age group. Effective treatments include nontricyclic antidepressants and coping skills training. The nurse is key to depression detection and suicide prevention, especially in primary care settings. Through psychoeducation, nurses can promote recovery from depression by encouraging a healthy lifestyle, enhancing social skills, and assisting the adolescent to identify and use sources of social support. These measures can prevent premature death and promote long-term well-being of the adolescent. JOGNN, 32, 239-248; 2003.

Adolescent Psychiatrye, 2012

Introduction: Depressive disorders among adolescents are public health challenges whether in terms of both morbidity and mortality. Because of the paucity of specific instruments to measure depression in adolescents, we undertook to design and develop a new tool, the ADRS (Adolescent Depression Rating Scale) using a qualitative and quantitative procedure. The psychometric properties of the ADRS have been already published in a previous paper . Goals: The aim of the present paper is to describe the results of the qualitative method we employed to build the scale which used in-depth interviews with 5 patients and 11 clinicians followed by a thematic analysis based on the principles of the Grounded Theory. Results: These research interviews yielded three aspects of the depressive experience: 1) Emotional state: irritability, the overwhelming nature of the depressive experience, negative perceptions of self and ideas of death; 2) non-emotional manifestations: mental slowing, sleep disturbances; 3) manifestations in social interactions: at work, in leisure activities, and in relationships. Using with three aspects of the depressive experience, a clinician version and a patient version of the scale were elaborated and submitted to a classical validation procedure leading to a final selection of 10 items for each (self and clinician) version of the instrument. Conclusions: This work supports the interest of using qualitative methods in psychiatric research to investigate the subjective experience of patients, which is a central dimension in clinical care.

Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1981

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care , 2018

Introduction: Symptoms of depression vary between the males and females. Depressed men show behaviors such as irritability, restlessness, difficulty in concentrating, and instead of the usual behaviors. Sleep disturbance is a common symptom in depressed men. Men are less likely to go to doctors and unconsciously show other behaviors such as anger instead of the sadness. It seems that considering depression as "feminine" is a great injustice toward male patients whom their illness will not be diagnosed nor treated. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 191 depressed adolescents, 108 males and 83 females aged 13-19 years old. Data collected for 10 years from 2005 to 2015 and their depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition. Results: Depressed girls felt sadness, guilt, punishment, worthlessness, low energy and fatigue, or more asthenia, whereas depressed boys have symptoms such as irritability, depression, suicidal thoughts, or desires to reduce their pleasure. The results of t-test showed that the difference between the total scores of boys and girls with depressive disorder (16.93) is significant at 0.001. F values for feeling sad (58.13), hatred of self (12.38), suicidal thoughts or desires (12.97), restlessness (17.35), and irritability (46. 41) were significant in the 0.001. Conclusion: Experiencing depression in boys and girls according to the role of gender was different. Gender can have an effective role in showing depression symptoms in adolescents.

Depression is one of the most common psychological diseases, and as it happens for many other, the most widely used form of therapy is drugs: about one in every 10 Americans takes an antidepressant and the percent is more than double among women, especially in their 40s and 50s. Although the most widespread this treatment is not at all the better, for both its side effects and the fact it acts only on the symptoms, without in any way solving the causes, thereby forcing the patient to become drug-dependent for years, and sometimes for life. Counseling and psychotherapy treatment can lead instead to the identification and resolution of the causes but have limitations as well, including an apparently higher cost than drugs and a level of effectiveness not always optimal regarding the traditional psychological treatments but significantly increasing if integrative (or better holistic) approaches are applied. From a holistic perspective every disease, especially if chronic, is a message whose purpose is to inform our consciousness that something in our life is not going in the right direction. Depending on the type of disease, this "something" can relate to diet, lifestyle, relationships, work, identity etc. Depression is an emotional disease and as such is not about feeding the body but the soul; in fact, it can be considered a form of chronic sorrow, informing us that something in our lives makes us sad. In some cases this " something " is a traumatic event (job loss, death of a loved one, a serious chronic disease, etc.) and the main goal of the therapy is to help the patient to overcome the event and move on. In much more cases depression is not related to a specific event but to an unsatisfactory way of life: a work not enough rewarding, an excess of duties with respect to the pleasures, the lack of a life purpose, loneliness, poor relationship with the partner (or with yourself) etc. In this article I will focus on this second kind of depression, whose purpose, although in a painful way, is to encourage our evolution, making us aware of what in our lives should be changed, improved or reduced, and pushing us to do so.