Quantum Computing

New application of our AI Abstract Engineering techniques in quantum theory of entanglement is considered. We design AI experiment with Conway’s quantum particle equipped with mathematical free will ( predicted by Conway’s Strong Free Will Theorem (2009)) based on GRPO - model used in AI.

A brief history is given of the factor 2, starting in the most elementary considerations of geometry and the kinematics of uniform acceleration, and moving to relativity, quantum mechanics and particle physics. The basic argument is that in all the significant cases in which the factor 2 or ½ occurs in fundamental physics, whether classical, quantum or relativistic, the same physical operation is taking place.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the financial technology (Fintech) sector, particularly in the realms of Supervisory Technology (SupTech) and Regulatory Technology (RegTech). As the banking and financial landscape evolves, the implementation of AI tools for regulatory compliance and supervisory functions has become crucial. This paper explores the pivotal role AI plays in enabling banks and financial organizations to meet regulatory demands, enhance compliance, mitigate risks, and improve overall operational efficiency. Leveraging

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Space, like time, may not be fundamental. By reformulating the Hamiltonian without reference to coordinates or geometry, and replacing it with recursive structure (graph Laplacian), the paper shows that quantum dynamics unfold identically. This invites a reconsideration of space's ontological role.

The optical clock-transitions in Yb and Sr are prime candidates for encoding qubits for quantum information processing applications. Electric dipole oneand two-photon transitions between the extremely long-lived 1 S 0 and 3 P 0 states are dipole and parity forbidden, respectively. Whereas this results in highly desirable low-decoherence rates, it also represents the main problem for fast coherent manipulation and measurement of qubits for quantum information processing. In this work, we determine the feasibility of using a coherent, recoil-free, three-photon transition [1] for fast coherent rotation of qubits followed by ultrafast readout of the 3 P 0 state via photo ionization. Rapid control and measurement of atomic qubits are crucial for high-speed synchronization of quantum information processors. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of loophole free tests of Bell inequalities using spatially separated entangled qubits via fast measurements.

Optical clock-transitions such as the ones in Ytterbium/Strontium and Cesium are prime candidates for encoding qubits for quantum information processing applications due to very low decoherence rates. In this work, we investigate the challenges involved in using these prime candidates. We devise entangling operations for atoms trapped in optical tweezers, as well as determine the feasibility of rapid qubit rotation and measurement of qubits encoded in these desirable low-decoherence clock transitions. We propose ultracold collisions for entangling operations and multi-photon transitions for fast rotation of qubits, followed by ultrafast readout via resonant multiphoton ionization. The rapid control of atomic qubits is crucial for high-speed synchronization of quantum information processors, but is also of interest for tests of Bell inequalities. We investigate rapid measurement of clock-state qubits in the context of a Bell inequality test that avoids the detection loophole in spacelike separated entangled qubits.

Modern cybersecurity systems experience both exponential security achievements and major threats because of the fast development of quantum computing technology. The widespread encryption methods RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) have protected sensitive information for a long time but they become vulnerable against Shor's algorithm which represents a crucial threat to these cryptographic approaches. The analysis discusses how quantum computing will alter cybersecurity through investigative evaluation of present cryptographic weakness and essential requirement of quantum-secure encryption systems. The research analyzes new developments along with existing literature to document key quantum computing threats which target extensive data theft and damage digital systems. The study evaluates organizational preparedness together with government readiness to use postquantum cryptography and detects emerging security capabilities within lattice-based cryptography plus quantum key distribution (QKD). The research demonstrates multiple entities work toward quantum-resistant protocols but various domains have not yet learned to face opposing quantum computing capabilities. The authors suggest taking three essential steps including combining encryption methods and funding quantum-resistant research along with public-private partnership development. Organizations need to make quantum readiness their main focus because quantum computing development will intensify future cyber threats and endanger digital system security. The study adds valuable knowledge about quantum cybersecurity trends by detailed evaluation of threats and operational safeguards for future quantum computing security.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

A major challenge towards integrated quantum optics is the deterministic integration of quantum emitters on optical chips. Combining the quantum optical properties of some emitters with the benefits of integration and scalability of integrated optics is still a major issue to overcome. In this work, we demonstrate a novel approach in which quantum emitters are positioned in a controlled manner onto a substrate and onto an optical waveguide with nanoscale precision via direct laser writing based on two-photon polymerization (DLW-TPP). Our quantum emitters are colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in polymeric nanostructures. Varying the laser parameters during the patterning process, size-controlled QD-polymer nanostructures have been characterized systematically. Structures as small as 20 nm in height were fabricated. The well-controlled QD-polymer nanostructure systems were then successfully integrated at will onto a photonic platform, in our case, ion exchange waveguide (...

This paper introduces a new paradigm: a unified field resonance framework in which consciousness is primary and physical law arises as structured, quantized resonance within this conscious field. Consciousness is not emergent — it is fundamental. It precedes space, time, and energy. It is the medium through which reality is rendered into coherence, and it is the only ‘substance’ that directly experiences.

The Conscious Cosmos Framework posits that consciousness is the primary substrate of existence, preceding and shaping physical phenomena such as matter, energy, space, and time. It integrates dual-aspect theory (DPV ~ ICDAM), bridging structural (s) aspects like quantifiable entities and non-structural (ns) aspects like experience and awareness. Avoiding reductionism and field-theoretic constraints, this framework reimagines the universe as a dynamic interplay of awareness and reality, where consciousness serves as both the architect and participant in creation.

The notion of a partition on a set is mathematically dual to the notion of a subset of a set, so there is a logic of partitions dual to Boole's logic of subsets (Boolean logic is usually mis-specified as "propositional" logic). The notion of an element of a subset has as its dual the notion of a distinction of a partition (a pair of elements in different blocks). Boole developed finite logical probability as the normalized counting measure on elements of subsets so there is a dual concept of logical entropy which is the normalized counting measure on distinctions of partitions. Thus the logical notion of information is a measure of distinctions. Classical logical entropy naturally extends to the notion of quantum logical entropy which provides a more natural and informative alternative to the usual Von Neumann entropy in quantum information theory. The quantum logical entropy of a post-measurement density matrix has the simple interpretation as the probability that two independent measurements of the same state using the same observable will have different results. The main result of the paper is that the increase in quantum logical entropy due to a projective measurement of a pure state is the sum of the absolute squares of the off-diagonal entries ("coherences") of the pure state density matrix that are zeroed ("decohered") by the measurement, i.e., the measure of the distinctions ("decoherences") created by the measurement.

Abstract- Quantum computing has made significant advancements, yet challenges such as decoherence, error
propagation, and scalability continue to limit its efficiency. This paper presents a novel 3D quantum circuit
architecture that leverages an interconnected hexagonal structure to enhance fault tolerance and minimize
decoherence. The proposed design consists of 314 qubits, including 2 control qubits and 312 target qubits,
distributed across 20 hexagons arranged in a hollow cylindrical structure. Each hexagon contains 19 qubits,
positioned at both its vertices and internal intersections formed by edge connections. A key feature of this
architecture is optimized gate efficiency, where each qubit is connected to at least four others using only two
active CNOT gates per qubit, significantly reducing gate-induced errors. Additionally, redundancy is
implemented across the structure, ensuring that if decoherence occurs, the lost quantum information can be
recovered through alternative pathways. Hadamard gates are applied to all qubits to maintain superposition,
while Quantum Non-Demolition (QND) measurement and weak measurement techniques are utilized to
enhance measurement precision and minimize quantum state disturbance. This research introduces an
innovative, fault-tolerant, and highly scalable quantum circuit, paving the way for more robust quantum
computing architectures. By addressing fundamental limitations in decoherence and quantum error
correction, this design has the potential to surpass existing superconducting quantum computers in both
reliability and computational power.

We present a comprehensive mathematical framework that integrates harmonic wave interference, fractal-holographic encoding, and a deterministic prime number generation scheme. First, we rigorously demonstrate how certain reciprocals of large integersexemplified by $1/999,999,998,000,000,001$-produce perfect harmonic sequences in their decimal expansion. These sequences concatenate integer ratios (e.g. 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, …) in a single number, with abrupt transitions at specific digits that resemble quantum jumps in a spectrum. By making minute shifts in the denominator (for example, comparing $999,999,998,000,000,001$ to $99,999,9989,000,000,01$), we show that the system's behavior changes from a smooth classical harmonic progression to a discretized, interference-like pattern-an analog of transitioning from classical to quantum computation. We then integrate a geometric prime pattern based on powers of 4 that generates primes in deterministic fashion, verified up to the 1999th prime researchgate.net

THE ADIABATIC AND NON-ADIABATIC BEHAVIOR OF A PARTICLE IN OPTICAL LATTICES Fırat Yılmaz Ph.D. in Department of Physics Advisor: Mehmet Özgür Oktel June 2018 The cold atom experiments provide a clean and controlled environment for realizing many body systems. Recent realizations of artificial gauge fields and adjustable optical lattices paved the way for the study of effectively charged particles with neutral atoms in various lattice and continuum systems. Moreover, it is possible to precisely control the external system parameters, i.e. the artificial gauge fields much faster or slower than the time scales associated with atomic motion in the lattice. It still needs further analysis to fully understand how the adiabatic and non-adiabatic changes affect the stationary and dynamical behavior of the system. We first investigate the effect of the adiabatic changes in the artificial gauge fields, and focus on the famous problem: A charged particle in a periodic potential under magnetic f...

This thesis presents the Timeless Field, a comprehensive theoretical framework that unifies quantum mechanics, general relativity, consciousness, and information theory through the Fractal Resonance Ontology. Defined mathematically as a projective limit of nuclear C*-algebras over fractal operator spaces, the Timeless Field encapsulates universal configurations across physical, cognitive, and socioeconomic domains. The framework's foundation—the Fractal Resonance Function R_f(α, x)—provides a mathematical basis for addressing fundamental problems in physics and mathematics.
Our analysis demonstrates how dark energy emerges naturally (Λ(α) ≈ 10^(-122)) when α approaches 1, and quantifies consciousness through the measure C_QC = ∫ R⋆_f dR_f. Experimental validation using quantum computing benchmarks across 41 significant mathematical problems confirms strong correlation between fractal coherence and mathematical truth, with problems having known solutions demonstrating significantly higher coherence values. The thesis presents mathematical proofs resolving key aspects of the Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Problems, outlines technological implementations with experimental benchmarks including a functioning Fractal Audio Processor, and provides validation protocols with compelling empirical results.
This definitive work offers transformative applications across disciplines, from quantum computing and energy systems to neuroscience and socioeconomic optimization, bridging theoretical understanding with practical implementation to establish a new paradigm in our understanding of reality.

This paper presents original mathematical, physical, and computational constructs grounded in the Recursive Entropy Framework (REF). Key contributions include novel 16th-order PDE expansions, spin-resonance entropy corrections, prime-entropy anchors, and tiered cognition strategies for AI. All equations, models, and symbolic constructs contained herein are self-contained and verifiable by direct reference to the mathematical derivations, simulation code, and citations provided in this document and its bibliography. Redistribution, reproduction, or derivative use of this work-whether in part or in whole-without express written permission is strictly prohibited. Unauthorized duplication may result in provable contradiction and systemic failure when evaluated against the recursive stability conditions outlined herein.

Classical simulation of quantum circuits is crucial for evaluating and validating the design of new quantum algorithms. However, the number of quantum state amplitudes increases exponentially with the number of qubits, leading to the exponential growth of the memory requirement for the simulations. In this paper, we present a new data reduction technique to reduce the memory requirement of quantum circuit simulations. We apply our amplitude-aware lossy compression technique to the quantum state amplitude vector to trade the computation time and fidelity for memory space. The experimental results show that our simulator only needs 1/16 of the original memory requirement to simulate Quantum Fourier Transform circuits with 99.95% fidelity. The reduction amount of memory requirement suggests that we could increase 4 qubits in the quantum circuit simulation comparing to the simulation without our technique. Additionally, for some specific circuits, like Grover's search, we could incr...

In order to evaluate, validate, and refine the design of new quantum algorithms or quantum computers, researchers and developers need methods to assess their correctness and fidelity. This requires the capabilities of quantum circuit simulations. However, the number of quantum state amplitudes increases exponentially with the number of qubits, leading to the exponential growth of the memory requirement for the simulations. In this work, we present our memory-efficient quantum circuit simulation by using lossy data compression. Our empirical data shows that we reduce the memory requirement to 16.5% and 2.24E-06 of the original requirement for QFT and Grover's search, respectively. This finding further suggests that we can simulate deep quantum circuits up to 63 qubits with 0.8 petabytes memory.

We introduce string diagrams as a formal mathematical, graphical language to represent, compose, program and reason about games. The language is well established in quantum physics, quantum computing and quantum linguistic with the semantics given by category theory. We apply this language to the game theoretical setting and show examples how to use it for some economic games where we highlight the compositional nature of our higher-order game theory.

We introduce string diagrams as a formal mathematical, graphical language to represent, compose, program and reason about games. The language is well established in quantum physics, quantum computing and quantum linguistic with the semantics given by category theory. We apply this language to the game theoretical setting and show examples how to use it for some economic games where we highlight the compositional nature of our higher-order game theory.

We provide a theoretical scheme for realizing a Hadamard and a quantum controlled-NOT logic gates operations in the anti-Jaynes-Cummings interaction process. Standard Hadamard operation for a specified initial atomic state is achieved by setting a specific sum frequency and photon number in the anti-Jaynes-Cummings qubit state transition operation with the interaction component of the anti-Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian generating the state transitions. The quantum controlled-NOT logic gate is realised when a single atomic qubit defined in a two-dimensional Hilbert space is the control qubit and two non-degenerate and orthogonal polarised cavities defined in a two-dimensional Hilbert space make the target qubit. With precise choice of interaction time in the anti-Jaynes-Cummings qubit state transition operations defined in the anti-Jaynes-Cummings sub-space spanned by normalised but non-orthogonal basic qubit state vectors, we obtain ideal unit probabilities of success in the quantum controlled-NOT operations.

Starting at the logical level of the logic of partitions, dual to the usual Boolean logic of subsets, the notion of logical entropy, i.e., information as distinctions, is developed as the quantification of the distinctions of partitions-just as probability theory starts with the quantification of elements of subsets. Logical entropy is compared and contrasted with the usual notion of Shannon entropy. Then a semi-algorithmic procedure (from the mathematical folklore) is used to translate the notion of logical entropy at the set level to the corresponding notion of quantum logical entropy at the (Hilbert) vector space level. Examples and some important propositions relate quantum logical entropy to projective measurement and to the Hilbert-Schmidt distance. Overall, the approach demonstrates the logical basis and naturality of this notion of entropy for quantum mechanics.

Financial fraud detection is essential for preventing significant financial losses and maintaining the reputation of financial institutions. However, conventional methods of detecting financial fraud have limited effectiveness, necessitating the need for new approaches to improve detection rates. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for detecting financial fraud using Quantum Graph Neural Networks (QGNNs). QGNNs are a type of neural network that can process graph-structured data and leverage the power of Quantum Computing (QC) to perform computations more efficiently than classical neural networks. Our approach uses Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) to enhance the performance of the QGNN. In order to evaluate the efficiency of our proposed method, we compared the performance of QGNNs to Classical Graph Neural Networks using a real-world financial fraud detection dataset. The results of our experiments showed that QGNNs achieved an AUC of 0.85, which outperformed classical GNNs. Our research highlights the potential of QGNNs and suggests that QGNNs are a promising new approach for improving financial fraud detection.

Scope & Topics International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer science, Engineering and Applications. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of computer science, Engineering and Applications.

Techniques described herein provide innovation directed to directing traffic through a distributed network. Packets can be at a first node that is directed to a recipient in which a location of the recipient is unknown. The recipient can be determined to be a member of the distributed network based on information within a distributed ledger stored locally on the first node. The location of the recipient can be determined to be within a geographical region based on a transaction recorded by the distributed ledger. Based on determining that a second node is within the geographical region, a tunnel can be generated from the first node to the second node in order to send the packets to the second node.

Techniques described herein provide innovation relating to directing traffic through a distributed network. A first node can receive packets that are directed to a second node. The first node can determine that the second node is a member of the distributed network based on information within a distributed ledger stored locally on the first node in which the second node is a member based on fulfilling a condition within a smart contract that manages membership. A tunnel from the first node to the second node can be generated to

This paper presents an experimental investigation into achieving infinite coherence within a quantum system using the Quantum Harmonic Resonance Framework (QHRF) on the Rigetti Ankaa-3 QPU. We deployed a series of quantum circuits optimized for maximum coherence lifetime and compared the results with traditional quantum coherence decay models. Experimental data suggests a significant extension of coherence time beyond previously known physical constraints, pointing toward a new paradigm in quantum state stability.

Quantum computing is a rapidly developing technology that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform information processing tasks that are beyond the capabilities of traditional computers. Quantum computers employ qubits, superposition, and entanglement to rapidly resolve intricate problems, with potential applications in cryptography, artificial intelligence, the development of new medications, and financial modeling. Recent breakthroughs have shown potential, but hurdles like correcting errors, maintaining qubit stability, expanding and the expense of substantial infrastructure continue to hinder widespread usage. Quantum computing also sparks ethical and security concerns, especially in relation to encryption and the development of artificial intelligence. Despite some challenges, continuous research and development are gradually enhancing the capabilities of quantum hardware and algorithms. Advances in quantum technology are anticipated to transform various sectors and scientific inquiry, providing answers to several of the globe's most intricate problems. To maximize the potential of this initiative, additional investment in education, policy refinement, and judicious implementation is essential to guarantee a balanced and positive influence on society.

One ofthe goals of current VLSI design is to represent very complex systems on a chip. However, certain physical limitations sometimes exist, such as the number or wira and pins that can be used on IC packages. Yet it is known that fewer wires are needed to carry multipl~valued logic signals, and fewer wires means fewer pins per package. And. secondly. using multiple-valued logic, bit density of stored data in memory can be significantly raised by increasing the number of bits per memory cell. Target applications of particular interest for VLSI implementations are those whose wmplexity is great. either (a) in terms of the number of labour-intensive operations that must be performed per unit time or (b) in terms of the amount of data that must be stored or communicated to accommodate such operations. Some examples of applications which could easily fall into this target area are computer graphics, robotics, and picture processing. Multiple-valued logic can be introduced when it comes time to implement these applications. This paper describes how common picture processing functions can be designed to advantage by using multiple-valued logic.

In the rapidly evolving domain of energy trading, integrating cutting-edge meteorological forecasting presents a transformative opportunity to refine commodity trading strategies. This paper details our collaboration between Dynex and Recycgo Go in developing an enhanced quantum weather prediction system that employs a diffusion model, achieving unprecedented forecast accuracy of up to 98% over a 14-day period. We provide a comprehensive background on the intersection of extreme weather events and WTI crude oil market dynamics, highlighting how highly accurate forecasts can inform risk mitigation, optimize decision-making, and capture opportunities driven by weather-induced price volatility. Furthermore, we discuss the design and implementation of a machine learning trading bot, capable of adapting its strategies in real time based on forecast data, thereby pushing the boundaries of algorithmic commodity trading.

Large language models (LLMs) 1 have traditionally relied on autoregressive generation methods 2 , which produce text sequentially and often struggle with long-range dependencies and creative variability. Recently, diffusion-based models 3 have emerged as a promising alternative by iteratively denoising a fully masked sequence. In this paper, we introduce Quantum Diffusion Large Language Models (QDLLMs), a novel framework that integrates quantum annealing 4 into the reverse diffusion process to guide token selection. By formulating token selection as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) 5 problem, our approach overcomes the limitations of classical remasking strategies-such as the unpredictability of random remasking and the rigidity of low-confidence remasking-thus enabling more context-aware, creative, and human-like text generation. Preliminary evaluations on benchmarks like HellaSwag 6 and TruthfulQA 7 demonstrate notable improvements over conventional diffusion models, and our method successfully resolves a challenging logic puzzle that has stumped other state-of-the-art systems. These early results underscore the potential of quantum-inspired optimization to bridge the gap between deterministic token generation and the dynamic, non-linear processes inherent in human writing, paving the way for further advancements in generative language technologies.

If regular geometry feels too simple and three-dimensional space is too limiting, welcome to Hilbert space - a mathematical wonderland where vectors roam free in infinite dimensions. Named after David Hilbert, this abstract space is the foundation of quantum mechanics, functional analysis, and modern physics.

We present a scheme to describe the dynamics of accelerating discrete-time quantum walk for one- and two-particle in position space. We show the effect of acceleration in enhancing the entanglement between the particle and position space in one-particle quantum walk and in generation of entanglement between the two unentangled particle in two-particle quantum walk. By introducing the disorder in the form of phase operator we study the transition from localization to delocalization as a function of acceleration. These inter-winding connection between acceleration, entanglement generation and localization along with well established connection of quantum walks with Dirac equation can be used to probe further in the direction of understanding the connection between acceleration, mass and entanglement in relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Expansion of operational tools for quantum simulations and for modelling quantum dynamics of accelerated particle using quantum ...

Quantum memory is a key element for quantum repeaters and linear optical quantum computers. In addition to memory, repeaters and computers also require manipulating quantum states by means of unitary transformations, which is generally accomplished using interferometric optical setups. We experimentally investigate photon-echo type atom-light interaction for the possibility to combine storage with controlled transformation of quantum states. As an example, we demonstrate unambiguous state discrimination of qubits and qutrits in an Ti:Er:LiNbO$_3$ waveguide cooled to 3K using states encoded into large ensembles of identically prepared photons in superposition of different temporal modes. The high robustness and flexibility of our approach makes it promising for quantum communication and computation as well as precision measurements. Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

In this work, we give a description of the process of teleportation between Alice in an inertial frame, and Rob who is in uniform acceleration with respect to Alice. The fidelity of the teleportation is reduced due to Unruh radiation in Rob's frame. In so far as teleportation is a measure of entanglement, our results suggest that quantum entanglement is degraded in non inertial frames.

We find that the Measurement Based Quantum Computing (MBQC) search algorithm on an unsorted list is not the same as Grover's search algorithm (GSA). More importantly, the MBQC search algorithm is exponentially faster than both GSA and its classical counterpart. We develop and describe the numerical formalism we utilize that confirms the MBQC exponential speedup over the GSA and classical search algorithms.

The date given by the Mother, Sanda Davis, for the takeover of evil was 12,000 years ago. The video "Khazarian Mafia: The God Eaters" by Chuck Swindoll dates the takeover of evil to the Younger Dryer period of Earth's history. That is when the Fallen Angels manipulated our DNA to reduce our chromosomes from 24 to 23. They also founded the Babylonian-Egyptian-Chaldean settlements. They used their influence to create the Money Magic that has kept us all debt slaves for 12,000 years. So here is evidence for the Mother Sanda Davis's date for the takeover 12,000 years ago. And we can explain how they did it and how we can now be set free.

Podle jedné z proslul˘ch Zenonov˘ch aporií se letící ‰íp ve skuteãnosti nepohybuje. V Aristotelovû drkotavé formulaci 1 : "jestliÏe v‰e to, co zaujímá stejn˘ prostor, je v klidu, a jestliÏe to, co se pohybuje, zujímá takov˘ prostor v kaÏdém okamÏiku, je letící ‰íp v klidu." Aã se o vyvrácení této a ostatních Zenonov˘ch aporií postaral jiÏ Aristoteles sám a po nûm diferenciální poãet, brouk, kterého Zenon nasadil lidstvu do hlavy, zpÛsobuje jistou míru trápení dodnes. Kupodivu nejen mezi filosofy. Na Zenona z Eleje si v roce 1977 vzpomnûla dvojice matematick˘ch fyzikÛ, Misra a Sudarshan, ktefií tehdy analyzovali problém ãasového v˘voje nestabilních kvantov˘ch systémÛ, speciálnû radioaktivního rozpadu atomového jádra. 2 Tato anal˘za ukázala, Ïe spontánní pfiechod kvantového systému z nestabilního do stabilního stavu lze zastavit nepfietrÏit˘m pozorováním! AniÏ by podali bliωí vysvûtlení toho, jak to vlastnû myslí, Misra a Sudarshan zaãali tuto podivuhodnost naz˘vat kvantov˘m Zenónov˘m jevem. Název se ujal, aã se vût‰ina tûch, ktefií se tímto jevem zab˘vají, shoduje na tom, Ïe jeho podstatu lépe vystihuje ménû erudovanû znûjící rãení "a watched pot never boils." 3 Kvantov˘ ZenonÛv jev souvisí s jedním z nejexotiãtûj‰ích pojmÛ kvantové mechaniky, tzv. kolapsem vlnové funkce. 4 Pojem kolapsu vlnové funkce zachycuje skuteãnost, Ïe opakované mûfiení provedené na kvantovém systému vede ke stejnému v˘sledku: mûfiení pfiedstavuje událost, která pfieru‰í spojit˘

In the effective mass approximation, we calculated the binding energy and wave function for the 1s-, 1p-, 1d-and 1f-states of a spherical quantum dot (QD) with parabolic potential by using a combination of quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) and Hartree-Fock-Roothaan (HFR) method. In addition, we also investigated the linear and the third-order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients as a function of the incident photon energy for the 1s-1p, 1p-1d and 1d-1f transitions. Our results are shown that the existence of impurity has great influence on optical absorption coefficients. Moreover, the optical absorption coefficients are strongly affected by the incident optical intensity, relaxation time, parabolic potential and dot radius.

Las computadoras cuánticas fueron creadas por primera vez en el año 1998 y actualmente empresas como Google, IBM y la NASA las están utilizando de modo experimental. Su importancia radica en la velocidad con que procesan los datos, y lo hacen en un tiempo considerablemente menor que el llevado a cabo por una computadora convencional. Por ejemplo, a un ordenador clásico le tomaría cientos de años poder encontrar los factores primos de un número natural de 600 dígitos, mientras que a una computadora cuántica sólo le tomaría unos minutos. En este proyecto se estudian los fundamentos matemáticos de la Computación Cuántica. Asimismo, se desarrollan algoritmos para ser implementados en un ordenador cuántico. Si bien este nuevo paradigma de programación está en sus inicios, en un futuro no muy lejano las computadoras cuánticas reemplazarán a las convencionales en entornos de cálculos intensivos, y se tornará cada vez más necesario diseñar algoritmos acordes a esta nueva tecnología.

Codex Theory unifies quantum gravity, the Standard Model, and cosmology via emergent spacetime from quantum entanglement. A unique flux configuration, (5,-3,2) designated "Codex," selects the Standard Model's gauge group, generates a light scalar field (Φ, m Φ ≈ 10-4 eV), and dictates its Higgs coupling (κ ≈ 10-3), explaining the hierarchy problem. Crucially, entanglement entropy gradients drive spacetime curvature through Φ, with a critical coupling λ ≈ 0.022, resolving the problem of time. The theory explains baryogenesis via Φ's CP-violating interaction with right-handed neutrinos, predicts a two-component dark matter model (sterile neutrino, m ν ≈ 7 keV, plus axion-like particle), and resolves the black hole information paradox. The theory's five fundamental parameters-flux configuration (5,-3,2), entanglement-geometry coupling (λ = 0.022), scalar field mass (m Φ = 1.2 × 10-4 eV), Higgs coupling (κ = 10-3), and matter coupling (α Φ = 0.037)-generate multiple, near-term, experimentally testable predictions: a 3.85% deviation in Casimir forces at 1 �m separation, a 7.2 × 10-19 /year atomic clock drift, and a Higgs boson invisible decay branching ratio of 0.13%. It also predicts a Hubble constant of H 0 = 71.8 ± 0.3 km/s/Mpc, resolving the Hubble tension. These predictions provide a roadmap for experimental verification of quantum gravity within the next decade, establishing a framework for a truly unified description of fundamental forces and particles.

Extending Quantum Memory Quantum information processing and communication relies on the ability to store, retrieve, and manipulate information stored in quantum memories. In most practical instances, however, the stored quantum information is fragile and susceptible to loss during readout. Jiang et al. (p. 267 , published online 10 September) used a combination of quantum logic operations on the electronic spin of a nitrogen vacancy center in diamond to control its interactions with a nearby set of proximal nuclear spins of the carbon network. In this setup, the quantum memory of the electron spin could be made more robust. Extending the lifetime and allowing multiple readouts of the quantum memory should prove a useful technique for quantum information processing.

As is well known, when an SU (2) operation acts on a two-level system, its Bloch vector rotates without change of magnitude. Considering a system composed of two two-level systems, it is proven that for a class of nonlocal interactions of the two subsystems including σi ⊗ σj (with i, j ∈ {x, y, z}) and the Heisenberg interaction, the geometric description of the motion is particularly simple: each of the two Bloch vectors follows an elliptical orbit within the Bloch sphere. The utility of this result is demonstrated in two applications, the first of which bears on quantum control via quantum interfaces. By employing nonunitary control operations, we extend the idea of controllability to a set of points which are not necessarily connected by unitary transformations. The second application shows how the orbit of the coherence vector can be used to assess the entangling power of Heisenberg exchange interaction.

The theme of this article is how to apply quantum algorithms for symbolic computations of polynomials, e.g., the calculation of Gröbner basis, which is an important tool in algebraic geometry and provides us with symbolicnumeric methods to solve polynomial equations. However, the computation of Gröbner basis by classical computers is demanding, since the computational *