Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid content of ‘venadillo’ (Swietenia humilis Zucc.) seed oil

African Journal of Plant Science, 2013

Pathogenic bacteria cause many acute and serious diseases, especially 'multiple-drug-resistant' strains have become such a problem due to overuse of antibiotics. Various medicinal plants are used to prevent or cure infectious diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the oil content, fatty acids compositions, and antibacterial activity of Swietenia macrophylla king seed oil against four multipledrug-resistant bacteria namely: Staphylococcus aurous, Staphylococcus typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by disk diffusion method. The lipids were extracted by soxhlet using diethyl ether and n-hexane; and their Free Fatty Acids (FFA) were analyzed by GC-MS. The oil content was 39 to 42.7% and major fatty acid compositions were linoleic (37.50 to 39.21%), oleic (18.82 to 22.03%), stearic (16.75 to 17.65%), and palmitic (14.62 to 15.47%) for diethyl ether and n-hexane, respectively. The antibacterial activity among seed oil was extremely broad and inhibition zones ranged from 0 to 20 mm. These results showed the potential of S. macrophylla seed oil as antimicrobial agent for certain types of bacteria such as S. typhimurium. Moreover, the TLC analysis showed the presence of others constituents such as sterols and this may warrant further research.

Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pretreatments on chemical and antioxidant properties of sky fruit (Swietenia macrohylla) seed oil. The seeds were treated with different heat pretreatments (roasting, steaming, and microwaving) and subsequently subjected to oil extraction by using a Bligh and Dyer method. It was found that different pretreatments significantly (p<0.05) affected yield and peroxide value of the extracted oils. However, no significant effect of pretreatment was observed on free fatty acid content of the seed oils. The oils exhibited significantly different levels of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity due to different heat pretreatments. The results revealed that the mean percentages of DPPH scavenging activity of untreated (control) seed oil (87.69%) and steamed seed oil (83.40%) were significantly higher than those of roasted seed oil (75.71%) as well as the microwaved one (63.98%). In contrast, the pretreatments did not significantly affect total phenolic content (TPC) of the seed oils with the TPC mean values ranging from 0.016 to 0.022 mg/g (as gallic acid). Data gained from this study provided valuable information for edible oil industries in searching for alternative source of edible oil with medicinal benefits.

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2014

Edible vegetable oils which include red palm oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil (Beniseed oil), soybean oil, palm kernel oil, etc. are derived from seeds or fruits of different plants. These oils are consumed not only for their supply of lipids in the diets but for their distinct aromas, colours, palatability and availability. Vegetable oils are rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins and anti-oxidant compounds. The type of diet and in particular the nature of dietary fats has been found to raise or lower the blood cholesterol in man. This study was therefore necessary as it will assess and ascertain the physiochemical and fatty acid characteristics of the various vegetable oils available in the Nigerian markets. The various physiochemical and fatty acid parameters were estimated using standard procedure. Results indicate that red palm oil had high levels of palmitic and oleic acids as well as peroxide and iodine values, with high fire and boiling points. Coconut oil had high peroxide, saponification and acid values, high concentrations of capric, lauric, palmitic, myristic, stearic and linoleic acids with high smoke point. Palm kernel oil had high iodine, saponification and acid values, high contents of capric, lauric and myristic acids with high flash, fire and boiling points. Oleic and stearic acids were in turn very high in soybean,

Heliyon

Cold-pressed oil is one of the healthiest plant extracts, but its use is limited only in some kinds of plants. Therefore, we aimed to investigate some potential cold-pressed oils with attractive fatty acid profiles and high amounts of functional phytochemicals. Fifty cold-pressed plant oils were prepared from various plant materials in Thailand, in which some of them were from uncommon or unattended plant materials. The oils included were nut oils (n ¼ 9), pseudo-cereal oils (n ¼ 9), legume oils (n ¼ 3), amaranth oils (n ¼ 3), marrow seed oils (n ¼ 8), cruciferous seed oils (n ¼ 7), and leafy green seed oils (n ¼ 11). Gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) were employed to analyze fatty acid profile and five functional phytochemicals (e.g., phytosterols, cholecalciferol, and squalene). Saturated fatty acids were detected around 7.87-36.04%, monounsaturated fatty acids 10.17-80.25%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids nondetectable (ND)-78.25%, phytosterols 663-15123 μg g À1 , squalene 265-5979 μg g À1 , and cholecalciferol ND-1287.75 μg g À1. The study showed chemical characteristic of the analyzed oils: some contained good fatty acid composition and some were rich in functional phytochemical content. Among the obtained oils, marrow seed oils are a good source of phytosterol, cholecalciferol, and linoleic acid. Pseudo-cereal oils are rich in squalene and linolenic acid. Legume oils are rich in phytosterols and oleic acid. Besides, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the significance of oils that share compositional similarity (e.g., the samples from pseudo-cereal oil were found on the lower side of the PCA space, which separated them from marrow and leafy green seed oils distributed on the upper part of the plot). In summary, the qualitative and quantitative data would provide a good foundation for further application or selection of those plant oils for health purposes.

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2015

Classical method of sample preparation for fatty acid analysis is a complicated, rigorous, multiple-step process that is often time-consuming. However, innovation has made it possible to obtain fatty acids esters in a single step without compromise of the quality and quantity of the products obtained. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained from Sabal causiarum seed using direct trans-esterification method. The reaction was performed in a one necked glass reactor equipped with a reflux condenser. The composition of the FAMEs obtained was analyzed using GC-FID/GC-MS. The FAMEs was also evaluated for its antioxidant potential using DPPH assay while α-tocopherol served as a standard. From the Total ion chromatogram, a total of twelve fatty acids were identified with the dominant being linoleic acid (29.83%), an essential polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. Other compounds obtained in significant yield include palmitic acid (20.75 %), dodecanoic acid (12.15 %), oleic acid, an omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acid (11.51%), 11-Octadecenoic acid (5.89 %), Ceric acid (4.97) and lignoceric acid (4.56 %). The oil had higher antioxidant potential (with IC50 value 0.19 ± 0.31 mg/mL) than the standard, alpha-tocopherol (with IC50 of 0.25 ± 0.4 (mg/mL). The direct trans-esterification method enables the quick determination of the fatty acid profile of Sabal causiarum seed. It is a viable method that saves time, limit use of solvents and reduce the possibility of contaminations that is associated with classical multistage procedure. The chemical composition and high antioxidant value of the oil is a strong indication of the future economical and biological relevance of the Sabal causiarum seed oil.

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences, 2011

Oils of nine oil crops were evaluated concerning their composition from the fatty acids. The obtained results revealed that palm oil had the highest palmitic acid (45.10 %) and canola oil had the lowest palmitic acid (3.90 %). The highest stearic acid was found in palm oil (4.70 %) and the lowest stearic acid was found in canola oil (1.90 %). Olive oil had the highest oleic acid (71.10 %) and the lowest was found in cotton seed oil (17.60%). Linoleic acid percentage ranged from 68.0 % in sunflower to 9.40 % in palm oil. Linolenic acid ranged from 52.0 % in flax oil to 0.00 % in peanut oil. The lowest saturated fatty acids were 6.80 % in canola while the highest percentage was found in palm oil (51.50 %). As for the total unsaturated fatty acids values were 93.20 %, 90.0 %, 87.30 %, 84.50 %, 82.90 %, 82.0 %, 74.70 %, 72.0 % and 48.60 % in the oils of canola, flax, sunflower, soybean, olive, maize, peanut, cotton and palm, respectively.

Two Marula, Sclerocarya birrea seed samples originating from Western Sudan, were analyzed, and the characteristics and constituents of the kernel oils were determined, including physico-chemical properties, specific gravity, oil colour, refractive index, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, acid value, free fatty acids, and phosphorus content. Total fatty acid compostion was determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC), using two fatty acid methylating reagents, (trimethyl sulfonium hydroxide TMSH and sodium methylate). The stability of the oil was determined by induction period (IP) using (Rancimat test). Sclerocarya birrea kernel oil could serve as a source of edible stable oil, and of fatty acids of technical grade, mainly conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as an antioxidant, anticarcino-genic and antiatherogenic.

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2008

Fatty acid analysis of the five types of locally consumed edible oils (n = 22) was carried out using a Gas Chromatograph (G.C) equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and stainless steel packed column. The results showed that sunflower oil contained the highest percentage of long chain mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (91.49 ± 1.91 %) compared to soybean oil (81.14 ± 1.49 %), mustard oil (86.80 ± 3.07 %), palm oil (53.30 ± 0.36 %) and coconut oil (7.12 ± 0.51 %). Two varieties of mustard oil, low erucic (= 5 %, n=3) and high erucic acid ( >14 %, n=2) and two varieties of sunflower oil, high linoleic-low oleic (61-66 % & 22-27 %, n=2) and low linoleic-high oleic (29-38 % and 53-63 %, n =3) were found. Sunflower oil with the highest percentage of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids especially the high linoleic-low oleic variety appeared to be superior and most suitable edible oil for mass consumption.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019

Griffonia simplicifolia seeds are highly sought after in African herbal medicine and nutraceutical industries, thanks to their richness in 5-HTP. The seeds also contain other natural interesting substances such as fatty acids, but totally ignored by local populations. This study proposes to add value to the seeds exported by some African countries such as Ghana to US and EU. GC-MS analysis shows that its oil contains fatty acids such as: linoleic acid (73.19%); stearic acid (14.69%); palmitic acid (11.12%) and the remainder (1.00%). HPLC analysis indicates that the seeds contain 8.11±0.25% of 5-HTP, while UV-Visible spectrophotometry analysis reveals that the seeds contain 253.154±1.95 μg/g of chlorophyll A, 436.390±2.44 μg/g of chlorophyll B and 64.870±2.37 μg/g of total carotenoids. In short, the composition of Griffonia simplicifolia seeds in fatty acids, 5-HTP and phytopigments confers biological properties testifying its multiple therapeutic and nutritional virtues long emphasi...

Annals of Tropical Research, 2015

The seed oil of “batuan” [Garcinia binucao (Blco.) Choisy] fruit, an indigenous, lesser known, and with promising economic potential, was characterized to evaluate its quality and potential for product development. Using standard AOAC methods, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, the physicochemical properties, lipid and fatty acid profile were determined. Oil yield from “batuan” seeds was high. The extracted oil was yellowish white, soft solid at room temperature. Iodine value, acid value, and peroxide value of the seed oil were low while saponification value was high. Lipid presents in “batuan” seed oil is mostly triglycerides while diglycerides are in low amount. Unsaponifiable matter (&lt;1.0%) was abundant in sterol, squalene and beta-carotene, and minor amount of Vit. A palmitate, and-tocopherols. Stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), and palmitic (C16:0) acids were the major fatty acids while arachidic, linoleic and linolenic acids constitute the minor components. “Bat...