Perceived parenting style, depression and anxiety levels in a Turkish late-adolescent population

Menoufia Nursing Journal

Parenting styles have crucial impacts on the psychological development of the adolescents and their future, such as health, mental well-being, academic achievement, selfesteem, and risk-taking behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between perceived parenting style and depressive symptoms among college students. The Design of this study was a descriptive co-relational design. This study was conducted at two faculties in Menoufia University (faculty of art and faculty of nursing). A systematic random sample consisted of 527students who were selected from the above mentioned setting. Two instruments were used for data gathering. Parental Authority Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale. The results of this study indicated that the most common parenting styles used among the studied sample was moderate authoritative style. Also more than half of the students had mild depressive symptoms. Conclusion: this study concluded that there was a positive correlation between authoritarian parenting style and depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended that, an educational program should be given for the parents' of adolescents to increase their awareness about their adolescences' needs, problems and how to satisfy their needs and adapt with their problems.

Remarking An Analisation, 2018

Adolescence is a vulnerable phase of an individual’s life. It is a crucial phase of a person’s life where he/she undergoes many changes. Family provides warm and intimate surroundings and plays an important role in human development. The attitudes and behaviors that parents use in raising their children have tremendous influence on their children. Parental care and support affects the mental health of the adolescents. The purpose of this review is to understand the role of parenting style on mental health and coping style of the adolescents. Authoritarian parenting style has been found to have a negative influence on mental health and it also leads to development of ineffective ways of coping among the adolescents. On the contrary, positive and supportive parenting results in better mental health and development of active coping strategies.

Psychological reports, 2018

Research investigating the development of psychological problems among children has typically focused on the role of parenting practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct effects of recalled parenting practices (emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection) on psychological distress and indirect effects through self-criticism. Participants were 410 undergraduate students (290 females and 120 males) with a mean age of 20.10 ( SD = 1.65). Participants completed the measure of My Memories of Upbringing-Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostra; Forms of Self Criticizing/Attacking and Self Reassuring Scale; and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale as self-report measures. Results provided evidence for highly similar patterns of associations among parenting practices, self-criticism, and psychological distress for both maternal and paternal models. Findings showed that parental emotional warmth and rejection were directly related to self-criticism and were indirectly r...

Journal of Family Counseling and Education

The purpose of this paper was to summarize the modernization of parenting styles in Turkey from the past to the present. The present review focuses on the reviewing parenting in Turkey with a focus on the traditional family structure of this country from past to present as well as comparing parenting in Turkey and other countries. In addition, the Mother-Child Education Program and Father Enrichment Program aimed to improve the parenting of Turkish mothers and fathers were also discussed in this paper. The research was based on the literature review analysis method. The data source of the research consists of articles published on adolescence and adulthood in Turkey. This review has contributions to the area that it summarizes present parent-adolescent and parent-adult relationships in Turkey by interpreting the general traditional structure of Turkish family from very early years to the present with cross-cultural studies. Because of how the Turkish parents caring their infants and...

Educational Research and Reviews, 2012

This study examined adolescents' perception of satisfaction from various life domains according to gender and parenting styles among 562 Turkish adolescents [53.2% girls; Mean (M) age = 14.1, Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.85]. The participants completed the multidimensional students' life satisfaction scale and the parenting style inventory. The results indicated that the level of family satisfaction of female adolescents was lower than that of male adolescents. The scores of adolescents from authoritative families were higher than those of adolescents from neglectful families in satisfaction with friends, living environments and family domains. In a similar way, adolescents who perceived their parents as indulgent had higher scores than adolescents who perceived their parents as neglectful in the life satisfaction dimensions of friends, family and self. No significant difference was found between authoritative and indulgent styles for any dimension of life satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to previous research; study limitations and further research directions are also outlined.

2017

Positive mental health is a key factor in maintaining good health status. A good mental health is very essential for a person to deal with daily stresses of his/her life, and it is also an important component of total health. Present study makes an attempt to study the influence of parenting styles on mental health of adolescents studying in and around Mysore city. A sample of 200 subjects whose age ranged between 10 to 14 years were considered as early adolescents and 200 subjects whose age ranged between 15 to 19 years were considered as late adolescents in the present study. Thus a total sample of 400 subjects (200 boys and 200 girls) from in and around Mysore city were randomly selected as the participants of the study. They were provided with Parental authority questionnaire (PAQ; Buri, 1991) to measure perceived parenting styles and GHQ-28 (Goldberg, 1978) to measure mental health of the participants. The data was subjected to Two-way ANOVA. Results revealed that, parenting st...

Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi, 2015

Introduction: Current study aimed to investigate the possible relations between parental attitudes and depression in a sample of mid-pubertal, high-school students under the light of several sociodemographic variables. Methods: With the permission of Ministry of National Education, a total of 391 students from second and third grades in a state high school and occupational high school in Sisli area included in the study. Sociodemographic Questionnaire, The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered. Results: Among the students in the sample, 25.6% (n=100) had significantly higher depression scores and girls had significanltly higher mean BDI scores than boys (p=0.001) reflecting the presence of depression. Adolescents with depression also had higher scores of maternal protection than adolescents without depression (p=0.02). On the other hand, adolescents with depression had lower scores of both maternal and paternal interest than adolescents without depression (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively). We also found that boys had higher levels of nicotine-alcohol and substance abuse where girls had higher levels for suicidal attempts and self harming behaviors (p<0.05). Conclusion: Depression onset was found to be associated with parental attitude which does not promote autonomy and independency. Warm, accepting and concerned parental attitude that promotes secure attachment was found to be protective against depression. Parental attitudes must be of concern when working with adolescents and dealing with the problems seen in this vulnerable phase of the life.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of parenting styles in predicting behavioral and emotional problems in adolescents. Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross sectional, and correlation research. All students enrolled in the first grade in boys’ guidance school of District 3 in Tehran city and their parents constituted the population. One hundred and eighty participants comprising 60 adolescents (boys) and their parents participated in the study. Convenience sampling method was used for recruiting these participants. Parents completed Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSQ; Baumrind, 1972) and students responded to the Seattle Personality Questionnaire for Children (SPQC; Greenberg & Kusche, 1990). A stepwise regression analysis was utilized to address the prediction power of Behavioral and emotional problems Results: The results indicated that authoritarian style in fathers is associated with depression, as well as behavioral and emotional problems (total score). However, the authoritarian style in mothers is related to anxiety, depression, as well as behavioral and emotional problems (total score). Moreover, permissiveness in mothers is associated with conduct problems. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the results of previous studies stressing the role of parents in predicting children’s behavioral-emotional problems.

Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi

Parenting style has been highlighted as one of the causes of depressive symptoms and also influences adolescent self-esteem. Although many studies have investigated the effect of self-esteem on depression, few have considered its role as a mediator variable. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the direct effect of parenting style on adolescent depression and its indirect effect on self-esteem. An online survey was completed voluntarily by 555 respondents from four senior high schools in Bekasi, Indonesia. The Patient Health Questionnaire, Parental Authority Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Path-SPSS analysis were employed to prove the hypothesis. The results show a significant direct effect of parenting [authoritative (β = -.257, p .01), authoritarian (β = .181, p .01) and permissive (β = .109, p .01)] on depression. In addition, there is an indirect effect of authoritative (β = -.182, p .01) and authoritarian (β = .055, p .01) parenting styles on depression as medi...

Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2021

The current study aimed to explore in the adolescent sample the associations between parenting behaviors (maternal and paternal) and well-being in two countries: France and Turkey. A total of 607 undergraduate university students were recruited with a mean age of 20.85 ± 3.18 years: 283 French and 324 Turkish. The data were administrated by the means of the self-report questionnaires for perceived parenting behaviors (Behavioral control, psychological control, autonomy, and responsiveness) and for well-being by using two indicators: positive and negative affect, and psychological flourishing. Correlation and regression analyses revealed significant associations between parenting behaviors and well-being indicators. First, maternal and paternal psychological control in the Turkish and French groups was associated with negative-affect and this association is higher in the Turkish group than the French group. Moreover, psychological control was associated with a decrease in psychologic...

BCP social sciences & humanities, 2022

This literature review aims to find the impacts of different parenting styles on the mental health and academic outcomes of adolescents from different cultural backgrounds. The results of the literature review showed that parenting styles demonstrate a significant impact on adolescents' mental status and academic performance. Generally speaking, the authoritative parenting style which is characterized by a high level of warm care, rational communication, prioritization of independence and achievements, moderate control, and a low level of severity was found to be the most effective type. However, the results also indicated that the effects of parenting styles on adolescents are influenced by different cultural backgrounds and social norms. Therefore, future studies are suggested to take cultural factors and individual differences into account.

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2011

In Turkey, studies of childhood depression have been limited to those using only scales.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2017

To investigate the association between the perception of expressed emotion and psychopathology of school-going adolescents in a non-clinical sample. The cross-sectional field study was conducted in Kocaeli, Turkey, and comprised high-school students during the 2014-15 school years. Data was collected using the Information Collection Form, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Shortened Level of Expressed Emotion Scale. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Of the 487 subjects, 295(60.57%) were girls and 192(39.43%) were boys. The overall median age was 16 (inter-quartile range: 15-17 years). There were significant positive relationships between the scales in terms of emotional problems (p&lt;0.001), behavioural problems (p&lt;0.001), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (p&lt;0.001), and peer relationship problems (p&lt;0.001). There was also a negative significant relationship between pro-social behaviours and expressed emotion (p&lt;0.001). The concept of perceived expres...

2018

Introduction: Studies in the recent two decades have shown that the quality of parental and adolescent communication has a major impact on the development of risk behaviors in adolescents. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal model for depression in adolescents, based on the parenting styles through the mediating role of the parent-adolescence conflict. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 150 male high school students in the first grade selected by a multistage random sampling method. In this research, the subjects completed the Children's Depression Inventory short form (CDI-S), Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ), and Parent-Adolescent Conflict (PAC) scale. The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling method. Indirect relationships were tested by the Bootstrap method. Results: The results of this study showed that the proposed model had an acceptable fit to the data, and all paths showed a significant relationship between parenting style (mediated by the parent-adolescent conflict) and for depression in young people, except for the authoritative parenting style. The results of several indirect paths showed that a significant relationship between permissive and authoritarian parenting styles (through parent-adolescent conflict) and depression in adolescents. Conclusion: The conflict between parents and adolescents can have an impact on children's psychological health. Therefore, solving family problems and providing an appropriate environment at home leads to physical and mental health in adolescents and also improves the proper functioning of the school and community.

BMC Psychiatry

Background Parenting styles play a critical role in children’s development, especially for those in families with a depressed parent. To date, no study has explored whether youth perceptions of parenting style are heterogeneous in families with a depressed parent or whether heterogeneous parenting styles are associated with children’s internalizing symptoms. Methods Participants were children aged 8–16 years who had a parent with major depressive disorder; they were enrolled through their parents, who were outpatients at two hospitals in Ningxia. Parenting styles were measured using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Youth depression and anxiety were measured using the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children and the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders, respectively. We applied latent profile analysis to identify the subtypes of parenting styles with similar patterns. Differences between subtypes in relation to demographic variables and parenting style scores were ca...