Medical Sociology

When it comes to diagnosing and cosmetically modifying faces deemed to be 'wrong', the clinician is now only one component in the web of medical consumerism in which self-surveillance plays a major part, and in which the sociocultural conditions of possibility for corporeal transformation profoundly affect not only those who do take part, but also those who have access to, but do not avail themselves of the cosmetic services that are on offer.

Background: Retirees like every other person in the aging population are vulnerable to develop one form of non-communicable disease (NCDs) or the other. This study aimed to determine the factors perpetuating increase burden of (NCDs), morbidity and mortality rate among the retirees in Makurdi, Benue State. Method: The descriptive/cross-sectional research design was used for the study. Data was collected from retirees invited to attend a medical outreach held on the World Hypertension Day. A total of 118 retirees made up of 93(78.8%) males and 29(21.2%) females' age 60-89-years old were participants who consented on request to provide the necessary information. Results: The findings showed retirees have knowledge of family history of NCDs, 42(36.6%), overweight 19(16.1%), and obesity 13(11%) based on their being informed by medical doctors. Lifestyle of smoking of tobacco 14(11.9%), excessive alcohol uses 55(46.6%), inappropriate diet 79(66.9%), family dysfunction/disconnectedness 31(26.5%), nonpayment of retirees' emoluments 61(51.7%), high cost of drugs 69(58.5%) and lack of social support 70(59.3%) are contributing to perpetuate increasing burden of NCDs. morbidity and mortality rate of the retirees Conclusion: NCDs like diabetes and hypertension are common illness found among people but they can be effectively treated. However, retirees are constantly facing difficulties in the management of these diseases. Thus, government should make efforts subsidize the cost of drugs and as well prioritize the regular payment of retirement's benefits and salaries to this segment of the aging population to help them meet their healthcare needs and reduce the prevailing morbidity and mortality rate from NCDs.

Background: Retirees like every other person in the aging population are vulnerable to develop one form of non-communicable disease (NCDs) or the other. This study aimed to determine the factors perpetuating increase burden of (NCDs), morbidity and mortality rate among the retirees in Makurdi, Benue State. Method: The descriptive/cross-sectional research design was used for the study. Data was collected from retirees invited to attend a medical outreach held on the World Hypertension Day. A total of 118 retirees made up of 93(78.8%) males and 29(21.2%) females' age 60-89-years old were participants who consented on request to provide the necessary information. Results: The findings showed retirees have knowledge of family history of NCDs, 42(36.6%), overweight 19(16.1%), and obesity 13(11%) based on their being informed by medical doctors. Lifestyle of smoking of tobacco 14(11.9%), excessive alcohol uses 55(46.6%), inappropriate diet 79(66.9%), family dysfunction/disconnectedness 31(26.5%), nonpayment of retirees' emoluments 61(51.7%), high cost of drugs 69(58.5%) and lack of social support 70(59.3%) are contributing to perpetuate increasing burden of NCDs. morbidity and mortality rate of the retirees Conclusion: NCDs like diabetes and hypertension are common illness found among people but they can be effectively treated. However, retirees are constantly facing difficulties in the management of these diseases. Thus, government should make efforts subsidize the cost of drugs and as well prioritize the regular payment of retirement's benefits and salaries to this segment of the aging population to help them meet their healthcare needs and reduce the prevailing morbidity and mortality rate from NCDs.

This paper explores the online ‘pro‐anorexia’ underground, a movement that supports those with anorexia and adopts an ‘anti‐recovery’ perspective on the disease. While encouraging a ‘healthy’ diet to sustain an anorexic way‐of‐life, the movement also recommends the radical use of weight‐loss pharmaceuticals to pursue and maintain low body weight, in contrast to their conventional use to treat obesity. Using ethnographic and interview data collected from participants in the ‘Anagrrl’ website and online forum, we analyse the pro‐anorexia (or ‘pro‐ana’) movement in terms of its underlying ‘explanatory model’ of the disease, and contrast it with medical, psychosocial, sociocultural and feminist models that encourage a ‘normalisation’ of body shape and weight. We suggest that for participants in pro‐ana, anorexia represents stability and control, and Anagrrl offers support and guidance for those who wish to remain in this ‘sanctuary’. We discuss the pro‐anorexia movement's use of the...

This article explores the formation of ‘health identities’: embodied subjectivities that emerge out of complex psychosocial contexts of reflexive modernity, in relation to data on health and illness practices among groups of people and patients using medical technologies including weight-loss drugs and the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil ( Viagra). We examine a range of health identities, from the ‘expert patient’ - a person who broadly adopts a biomedical model of health and illness, to a ‘resisting consumer’, who fabricates a health identity around lay experiential models of health and the body. The understanding of health identities is developed within a theoretical framework drawing on previous work on body/self and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. It is concluded that the constellation of health identities reflects the diversity of relations in an industrialized, technology-driven, consumer-oriented and media-saturated society.

Mental health has emerged as one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century, with rates of anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders skyrocketing compared to the mid-20th century. To understand why mental health challenges are so pervasive today, we must examine the intricate interplay of historical, societal, technological, and political factors. This paper will explore the roots of this crisis, the role of governments and institutions, and the steps necessary to address it. It will also challenge conventional narratives by delving into the possibility that this crisis was not merely an accident but a byproduct of systemic decisions.

This study assessed the attitudes and perspectives of unmarried young women on modern contraceptive use in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. The study adopted the Health Belief Model to serve as the basis of the research. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of 374 was used. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analysed quantitatively. Findings revealed that there was high level of awareness (75%) of the family planning methods among the unmarried young women in the study area. Results show that unmarried young women use modern contraceptives to prevent pregnancies and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Condoms and natural family planning methods are the major methods of contraception used among the unmarried young women in the study area. The study recommends among others increased availability of contraceptives in hospitals, routine sensitization programmes on the benefits of modern contraceptive use and the inclusion of sex education in school curriculum to educate young women on the best contraceptive methods for their health.

Gesellschaftliche Umbrüche bedeuten für Mi-grierende und ihre Familien eine besondere Her-ausforderung; zusätzlich zur meist notwendigen Neuaushandlung der Beziehungen nach der Migration eines Familienmitglieds. Die Studie untersucht diesen Prozess in grenzübergreifend organisierten ecuadorianischen Familien. Die Bedeutung der jüngsten Wirtschaftskrise im An-kunftsland Spanien wird dabei vor dem Hinter-grund eines mehrere Jahrzehnte andauernden familialen Wandlungsprozesses erschlossen. Im Ergebnis erweist sich die Krise als weniger ein-schneidend als zuvor angenommen, wobei die Resilienz familialer Machtverhältnisse als ambivalent bewertet wird.

Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic profile of family caregivers of elderly at home and the level of overload resulted by care activity. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted with 29 family caregivers of elderly individuals enrolled in a Family Health Strategy. There were collected data on functional independence, demographic data and level of caregiver overload. A study approved by the Research Ethics Committee, under Opinion No. 128,580/2012. Results: It was found that 79% of the elderly had functional dependence. The profile of caregivers showed that the majority are women, married, with advanced age, level of education and low income. It was also found that the time devoted to the care is long, justifying the overload observed, mainly in caregivers of dependent elderly. Conclusion: The results point out the need for more social support and health care to family caregivers, which could contribute to reducing the overload related to caring.

Health systems across the world are currently facing profound workforce shortages. This is, however, not a new phenomenon. Drawing on the case study of the British National Health Service (NHS), we explore how it has struggled to answer the fundamental question of how many doctors it needs with any accuracy or certainty. While the NHS is organisationally complex, it remains one of the world's most monopolistic health care systems. Despite this, the task of workforce planning has always been beset with basic problems of data accuracy and availability, and a lack of integration with resourcing. Given this, we first explore how fears over doctor 'shortages' have, historically, been intimately linked to concerns about the possible oversupply of doctors. We then examine the mechanistic ways in which current and future doctor numbers have been calculated before setting these efforts in political and policy context. These efforts have consistently revealed that there are numerous "imponderables" that, while crucial to answering the question of how many doctors the NHS needs, remain largely unknowable: how to achieve a 'balanced' system; understanding the work done by doctors and their productivity; and the impact of technology. Drawing on the work of British health economists writing in the 1970s, we examine how the expanded capacity to address medical need has only reinforced the need (and case) for ever more doctors. In conclusion, we argue that the insatiable need of the NHS for more doctors shows no sign of abating. Responding to this will inevitably require politically unpalatable resourcing trade-offs of the kind that have been largely absent from public debate.

The history of Britain's National Health Service is a history of crises: staffing shortages; insufficient capital investment; and a lack of infrastructure rendered worse by the absence of the long-term funding settlements needed to ensure the service's future. The "critical condition" (Darzi 2024:131; https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ independent-investigation-of-the-nhs-in-england) of the NHS in the present makes reflection on the future of the health service essential and unavoidable. However, the NHS is characterised by "forms of inertia" (Powell 1966:73; A New Look at Politics and Medicine) that, even as public dissatisfaction hits record levels, consistently undermines arguments for necessary change. Drawing on the example of workforce planning, I examine how efforts to imagine the future of and a future for the NHS have taken three forms: planned; tethered (to the past); and resisted. In this, I draw out why the NHS as an institution needs to be more central to radical geographical agendas and why geographers should be engaged in its future.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG).

The recent, but overdue, publication of the NHS Long Term Workforce Plan marks a welcome investment in the future sustainability of the service. The Plan includes a near doubling of medical and nursing school places, a proposed shortening of medical degrees, growth in 'new roles' including associates and apprentices, reduced overseas recruitment of staff and efforts to boost productivity and retention. While the plan was greeted with enthusiasm by many, criticisms were also numerous. This short opinion piece does not aim to add to the critique, but instead presents an argument for why, in trying to understand the persistence of the 'health workforce crisis' across the world, we might usefully think back seven decades to international efforts to address the 'medical manpower problem'. Here, the manpower concept offers a hugely useful heuristic to think through the contours of time, space and resources that characterise(d) efforts to forecast and anticipate future health needs and, therefore, staff and resourcing. Geographers, I argue, should have far more to say about these conceptual continuities in modes and means of problematisation, as well as their consequences.

Az orvostanhallgatók marginalizált csoportokkal kapcsolatos ismeretei, előítéletei befolyásolhatják a betegekkel való kapcsolatukat. Célkitűzés: Az orvostanhallgatók véleményének vizsgálata abból a szempontból, hogy mely társadalmi csoportokat fogadnának el betegként kevésbé. Módszer: A Szegedi Tudományegyetem orvostanhallgatói önkéntes, anonim kérdőívet töltöttek ki 2021-ben (n = 410), mely több kérdéscsoportot tartalmazott (szociodemográfiai jellemzők, családi háttér, pályaválasztási motivációk, orvosi identitás alakulása, jövőbeli szakmai tervek, egyetem alatti munkavégzés, 19 társadalmi csoportra vonatkozóan kedvesség és kompetencia, társadalmi távolság mérése, saját tapasztalatok). Eredmények: A hallgatók a legkevésbé a bántalmazókkal, az oltásellenesekkel és a fogvatartottakkal szeretnének munkájuk során találkozni. Az orvostanhallgató-nők nagyobb arányban utasították el a bántalmazókat, míg férfi társaik inkább a hajléktalanokat, az alkoholistákat, az AIDS-betegeket, illetve a pszichiátriai betegségben szenvedőket, a felsőbb évesek pedig az oltásellenes és az AIDS-betegeket. A hallgatóknak a különböző társadalmi csoportokkal kapcsolatos tapasztalatai is nagyon eltérőek voltak. Személyesen a legtöbben romát, drogfogyasztót, pszichiátriai beteget, alkoholistát ismertek. A klinikai gyakorlatokon a leginkább romákkal, alkoholistákkal és pszichiátriai betegekkel találkoztak. Az oktatás során oltásellenesekről, alkoholistákról, romákról, hajléktalanokról, AIDS-betegekről hallottak a leggyakrabban. Megbeszélés: A hallgatók a különböző társadalmi csoportokba tartozó betegekkel kapcsolatban elfogadók voltak. Az előítéleteik mögött álló személyes, illetve az oktatás során szerzett tapasztalataik azonban nagyon szerteágazóak. Következtetés: Törekedni kell arra, hogy a hallgatók magatartás-tudományi, népegészségtani tanulmányaik alatt és klinikai munkájuk során is találkozzanak a különböző társadalmi csoportokkal, megismerhessék őket, így megtanulhassák a velük való megfelelő kommunikációt.

To analyze the scientific production on quality of life of patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Method: This is an integrative literature review conducted on the banks of LILACS and MEDLINE databases. Were selected studies published between 2011 to 2013 and analyzed 24 articles. Results: The results indicated that the quality of life of hemodialysis patients is related to factors, physical, psychosocial, mental, social and presence and support of family. Conclusion: The development of studies involving the quality of life of individuals may assist healthcare professionals in the instrumentalization of a healthcare practice that really contemplate the multidimensionality of care to patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Descriptors: Renal failure, hemodialysis, Quality of life, Treatment. Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência renal, submetidos à hemodiálise. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nos bancos de dados LILACS e MEDLINE. Foram selecionados estudos publicados no período de 2011 a 2013 e analisados 24 artigos. Resultado: Os resultados indicaram que a qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise está relacionada a fatores, físicos, psicossociais, mentais, sociais e a presença e apoio da família. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de estudos que envolvem a qualidade de vida do indivíduo pode auxiliar os profissionais da saúde na instrumentalização de uma prática assistencial que realmente contemple a multidimensionalidade do cuidado a pacientes com insuficiência renal submetidos à hemodiálise. Descritores: Insuficiência renal, Hemodiálise, Qualidade de vida, Tratamento. Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal sometidos a hemodiálisis. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en los bancos de datos LILACS y MEDLINE. Fueron seleccionados estudios publicados entre los años 2011 a 2013 y analizados 24 artículos. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que la calidad de vida de los pacientes en hemodiálisis se relaciona con factores, físicos, psicosociales, mentales, sociales y la presencia y apoyo da familia. Conclusión: El desarrollo estudios que envuelven la calidad de vida del individuo puede ayudar los profesionales de la salud en la instrumentalización de una práctica asistencial que realmente contemple la multidimensionalidad de la atención a los pacientes con insuficiencia renal sometidos a hemodiálisis. Descriptores: Insuficiencia renal, Hemodiálisis, Calidad de vida, Tratamiento.

Whenever anyone wears a “supportive” garment, the garment is acting as a ligament, since ligaments support body structures. In the case of the breasts, you often see them “supported” by bras. This means the bra
serves as a ligament to hold the breasts elevated and firmly against the chest. This is what a ligament does, except this one is on the outside of the breast.

Biophysics and biomechanics show how tight clothing can interfere with the extracellular matrix and lymphatic circulation due to compression and constriction. Our bodies were not designed to have exo-ligaments pressing on our skin from the outside.

Of course, supporting the breasts from the outside compresses the bra to the chest. That is different than supporting the breasts from within the tissue, where the breasts are anchored in place to the chest wall by the natural, internal suspensory ligaments. Being anchored to the chest from the inside does not lead to compression, but being smashed to the chest from the outside does cause compression.

What happens when you compress the breasts with a bra exo-ligament is explored in this article, and includes lymph stasis, breast pain, cysts, and cancer.

Tanzania requires more health professionals equipped to tackle its serious health challenges. When it became an independent university in 2007, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) decided to transform its educational offerings to ensure its students practice competently and contribute to improving population health. In 2008, in collaboration with the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), all MUHAS's schools (dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health and social sciences) and institutes (traditional medicine and allied health sciences) began a university-wide process to

Nigeria has witnessed very rapid population growth, due to unplanned pregnancies. Many factors have contributed to unplanned pregnancies. One very important factor is low level use and non use of contraceptives. Therefore, this study ascertained use of contraceptives among the youth in Nigeria using Isiala Ngwa North Local Government Area of Abia State as a study area. The population of the study consisted of the youth aged 15-39 years. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design. The sample consists of 533 respondents from Isiala Ngwa North Local Government Area and was selected through multi-stage sampling technique. The major instrument for data collection was the questionnaire. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using chi-square(X 2 ) statistics. The findings of the study have clearly shown that youth who perceive the use of contraceptive as harmful to people's reproductive ability were less likely to be users of contraceptives than those who did not. The findings also showed that there is relationship between educational qualification and contraceptive use among the youth. The study made useful suggestions that could improve the use of contraceptives among the youth in Isiala Ngwa North Local Government Area of Abia.

Ecosystem resilience theory permits novel exploration of developmental psychiatric and chronic physical disorders. Structured psychosocial stress, and similar noxious exposures, can write distorted images of themselves onto child growth, and, if sufficiently powerful, adult development as well, initiating a punctuated life course trajectory to characteristic forms of comorbid mind/body dysfunction. For an individual, within the linked network of broadly cognitive psysiological and mental subsystems, this occurs in a manner almost exactly similar to resilience domain shifts affecting a stressed ecosystem, suggesting that reversal or palliation may often be exceedingly difficult. Thus resilience theory may contribute significant new perspectives to the understanding, remediation, and prevention, of these debilitating conditions.

Objective: To provide undergraduate students with the experience of the expanding of the scope of primary health care in activities of home care, introducing complex care activities of home care, for the understanding of the interfaces of the Health Care System. Methods: A report of experience in nursing education with case study, application of NANDA and Calgary Model. Results: The home care is an important tool of technology for access to families and nursing care system in the context of the public policies of health care to the elderly. Conclusion: The primary home care co-existed with complex nursing care and is imperious the expansion of the Family Health Strategy with the constitution of teams for activities of home care, different from family health teams, but in the context of primary care, according to the social demands emerging. Descriptors: Geriatric nursing, Old age assistance, Health services for the aged, Caregivers. Objetivo: Proporcionar aos estudantes a ampliação do escopo da Atenção Básica para além das atividades de assistência domiciliar, introduzindo atividades de internação domiciliar, para a compreensão das interfaces do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Relato de experiência no ensino de graduação em enfermagem com estudo de caso, aplicação da NANDA e do Modelo Calgary. Resultados: A assistência domiciliar é importante ferramenta de tecnologia de acesso à família e de sistematização da assistência de enfermagem no contexto das políticas públicas de atenção à saúde do idoso. Conclusão: na assistência domiciliar os cuidados primários co-existiram com cuidados complexos e é imperiosa a expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família com a constituição de equipes para atividades de internação domiciliar, diferentes das equipes de saúde da família, mas no âmbito da Atenção Básica, dadas as demandas sociais emergentes. Descritores: Enfermagem geriátrica, Assistência a idosos, Serviços de saúde para Idosos, Cuidadores.

In occasione della 2nd PhenoLab Summer School in Umbria, il PhenoLab – A theoretical laboratory in phenomenology and mental health e’ lieto di annunciare un side event in lingua italiana dal titolo "La ferita che ci interroga. Fenomenologia e medicina narrativa in dialogo nelle pratiche di cura"
L'evento si propone di creare un ponte di dialogo tra due ambiti di ricerca e applicazione clinica che condividono una profonda attenzione all'esperienza in prima persona: la fenomenologia e la medicina narrativa. Pur mantenendo le rispettive peculiarità epistemologiche, questi approcci si trovano in una feconda tensione dialettica, indagando non solo cosa significhi vivere con una diagnosi, ma soprattutto come tale esperienza possa riconfigurare il senso di sé e la percezione del mondo circostante. La giornata di studio intende esplorare come questi due approcci dialoghino tra loro e contribuiscano alla ridefinizione delle pratiche di cura alla luce di un fondamentale cambio di paradigma: dal modello centrato sulla diagnosi a quello focalizzato sulla persona e sulla sua costitutiva dimensione relazionale.
Con il patrocinio della Societa' Italiana di Medicina Narrativa.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Health hazard due to arsenic contamination in ground water is a major problem in West Bengal. Present study has done on Barrackpore Municipality, North 24 Parganas, one of the severely arsenic affected area in Ganga basin of West Bengal. Survey on health quality, disease profile, knowledge regarding arsenic contamination, socioeconomic status from respondents has done using a structured questionnaire to assess the impact of arsenic contamination on health of the population residing in Barrackpore Municipality, North 24 Parganas. A population based cross sectional survey has done on 244 respondents, from all 24 wards (10 individual from each) from Barrackpore Municipality, North 24 Parganas. Water sample from running household tube-wells and public tube-wells and from submersibles have collected for arsenic test. Out of total 144 active tube-wells 69% public tube-wells are surveyed for water with arsenic contamination among which 78.5 percent are arsenic contaminated public tube-wells and 75% tube-wells of these contaminated tube-wells are still using for cooking, washing and bathing and 68 percent water samples contaminated with arsenic more than 50 μg/l. Out of all 35.29 percent probable effected with arsenic only (8.61%) individual have skin problem i.e. the prevalence rate of arsenic affected skin to be 8.61%. Among total cases having skin disease, 87.56% have only mild symptoms, 11.57% have moderate symptoms and 0.79% have severe symptoms. Chronic lung disease has found in 12.52%, 8.21 percent have chronic cough, 10.23 percent have Dyspnoea,17.10 percent have any form of Neuropathy like, limb pain/tingling, numbness etc., and abdominal pain were found in 5.1%.Due to ignorant of arsenic pollution and its impacts on the human health, the rate of curving the suffering from arsenic poison is in question till today even with the different public run programme are in use. Thus, it is essential to develop management plans to build awareness on arsenic related diseases with adequate medical facility and support for thearsenic victim.

It has long been known that medical students become more cynical as they move through their training, and at times even exhibit "ethical erosion." This study examines one dimension of this phenomenon: how medical students perceive and use derogatory and cynical humor directed at patients. The authors conducted five voluntary focus groups over a three-month period with 58 third-and fourth-year medical students at the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine in 2005. After transcribing the taped interviews, the authors analyzed the data using qualitative methods and identified themes found across groups. The categories that emerged from the data were (1) categories of patients who are objects of humor, including those deemed "fair game" due to obesity or other conditions perceived as preventable or self-inflicted; (2) locations for humor; (3) the "humor game," including student, resident, and faculty interaction and initiation of humor; (4) not-funny humor; and (5) motives for humor, including coping and stress relief. The authors offer recommendations for addressing the use of derogatory humor directed at patients that include a more critical, open discussion of these attitudes and behaviors with medical students, residents, and attending physicians, and more vigorous attention to faculty development for residents.

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The development of ICT aiming at patient users is a prioritised area in health care. This thesis investigates the policy background for this development, and on the changes that take place when health ICT is introduced to patients. The research draws on a document study from the European health ICT sector and on two case studies where an electronic communication tool was introduced in doctor -patient communication. The findings indicate a discrepancy between expected and actual changes: patients' use of ICT in everyday practice is more varied than the dominant conceptual models of the patient -ICT relationship take into account. The policies express expectations of health ICTs to function as riverbeds of information and thus contribute to realise contemporary ideals of patient involvement and new public management. In everyday practice, however, patients also relate to technology as security alarms, as shields to the pathologising of everyday life, as tokens of competence, and as symbolic attention from the health care system. Patient-oriented ICT does more than is expected of it, and opens for a new flexibility in patients' relationship to health professional advice and care. In some situations patient-oriented ICT seems to matter more for patients feelings of everyday security and for their ability to distance themselves from their illness in everyday life, than for patient involvement in professional care. New patient-oriented ICT might matter on micro, conceptual and structural levels. Studies of how patient-oriented ICT matters require a perspective that is attentive to the active role of users and technologies in micro level practice, but that remains open to discuss the importance of technology to patients on conceptual and structural levels.

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos trabalhadores rurais portadores de neoplasia internados em um hospital universitário. Método: estudo do tipo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado entre agosto de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, através de busca nos prontuários e busca ativa por pacientes internados e que estivessem dentro dos critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 59 trabalhadores rurais, advindos de diferentes municípios interioranos, que trabalhavam com variados tipos de cultivos agrícolas. Grande parcela dos entrevistados relatou fazer uso de agrotóxicos, não utilizando EPI. O tipo predominante de neoplasia encontrada foram as neoplasias do sistema digestório. Conclusões: o uso de agrotóxicos é uma realidade para os trabalhadores investigados, levando à exposição a riscos ocupacionais. Os trabalhadores da saúde necessitam implementar estratégias de atenção à saúde desses trabalhadores, no...

Fazer triagem e acolhimento de servidores e trabalhadores que foram vítima do Assédio Moral e Violência no trabalho com vistas à minimização do "sofrimento psíquico; Oferecer escuta de qualidade ao servidor vitimizado ou não pelo Assédio Moral e Violência no local do Trabalho que vem em busca de apoio no serviço de perícia médica durante a triagem do Enfermeiro e; Promover o atendimento do Enfermeiro com eficiência a demanda dos servidores assediados ou com outra demanda que chega ao serviço de triagem e perícia médica resguardando a ética a dignidade humana. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo. Resultados: O enfermeiro enquanto faz uma triagem necessita estar concentrado no papel que está desenvolvendo. Vale lembrar a importância de se fazer um atendimento ao servidor com qualidade e humanização, tendo em vista, que ele chega necessitando receber apoio e escuta significativa a cada caso, pois se sabe que o ser humano é único, individual e possui sua subjetividade, eis a razão está em "sofrimento", seja este físico ou psíquico. Conclusão: Conclui-se parcialmente o estudo, visto ser o Assédio Moral e a Violência no Trabalho, algo tão grave que seria inviável e inenarrável haver conclusão para situação tão catastrófica na vida dos seres humanos. Descritores: Assédio moral, Trabalho, Enfermeiro.

Stigmatization associated with health conditions is often a challenge in health management. A person is stigmatized when he or she is a carrier of a dangerous disease such as TB or Ebola. Epilepsy is an ailment that is hereditary; a brain disorder that is symptomatic of seizures. This study sought to determine patterns of media exposure on NECAP-RISE campaigns against epilepsy stigmatization; the impact of such media campaigns on health information seeking among epileptic patients; the impact of NECAP-RISE media campaigns in bettering the understanding of epilepsy as a public health concern; and, stigmatization as a burden to epileptic patients in the Nigerian socio-cultural setting. In-depth interviews were conducted among 30 epileptic patients registered with RISE Clinic NECAP program. Also, 400 non-epileptic persons were surveyed across the three senatorial zones in Nigeria’s Anambra state. The study found that there was poor media publicity against epilepsy stigmatization; also,...

Objetivos: identificar os conteúdos relativos à sexualidade que vem sendo trabalhados no ambiente escolar e analisar a compreensão de escolares quanto ao modo de transmissão e prevenção ao HIV/Aids. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo inquérito, realizado com 54 alunos do nono ano do segundo segmento do ensino fundamental de duas escolas municipais de João Pessoa- PB. Dados analisados no Software Statistica 9.0 da Statsoft. Resultados: Na Escola A, privilegiou-se aspectos relacionados à higiene do corpo (44,0%). Na Escola B, evidenciou-se prevenção de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (58,6%), infecção pelo HIV/Aids (51,7%) e  uso de preservativo(44,8%). Conclusão: A informação direcionada ao cuidado de si deve extrapolar os limites preventivistas e higienistas, incorporando metodologias extensivas, inclusivas e reflexivas, que favoreçam a experiência para uma sexualidade profícua e consequente redução da vulnerabilidade ao HIV/Aids.

This article explores the hypothesis that some cases of dementia may be a psychological defense mechanism rather than a neurodegenerative disease. It suggests that the intense emotional distress associated with aging—such as grief, loss of purpose, and societal neglect—may lead to dissociative symptoms resembling dementia. The concept of "dissociative dementia" is introduced, drawing parallels to conditions like Depressive Pseudodementia and Dissociative Fugue, where psychological factors cause cognitive decline that can sometimes be reversed. The article critiques the medical model of dementia for focusing solely on neurological causes while overlooking psychosocial factors. It argues that some elderly individuals may be misdiagnosed with dementia when, in fact, they are withdrawing into the past as a coping mechanism. This perspective raises ethical concerns about long-term care and suggests that trauma-informed therapy could benefit some individuals labeled as having dementia. A more holistic understanding of aging, incorporating psychological well-being, could improve diagnoses and care for the elderly.

A documentation study was conducted in Delhi to investigate the single parent families through divorce and influence of absent of one parent through divorce on children. The study investigated problems faced by these families in social, economic and emotional dimensions. The objective was to look at family dynamics and socialization pattern in single headed families. Data was obtained by using semi-structure interview schedule for both children and parent. Sample consisted of 20 single parent families which included 20 single parent and 20 children making a total sample of 40. The study was located in Delhi. The findings revealed that majority of the single parent have taken divorce as a positive decision of their life. All the parents have managed well the dual role and responsibility as bread winner, home manager and sole care giver to the children. There was no difference found in mother headed single family and father headed single family. All the single parents believed that divorce was a traumatic part of their life but its pain has decreased with time. All single parent families have developed strategies to cope with problems that occurred after divorce. Data reveals that mutual incompatibility, extra-marital affairs, drug addiction/ alcoholism, and dowry were among the main reason for divorce.

A growing body of research has focused on experiences of chronic illness in higher education, but few studies have specifically centered chronically ill PhD students. To address this gap, this collective case study examines how PhD students with chronic illness describe their healthcare, academic, and social experiences. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews, I find that participants encounter an overarching pattern of invisibilization under the microscope, describing simultaneous forms of invisibility and hypervisibility at the convergence of chronic illness and PhD status. This pattern extends across multiple levels, including interpersonal interactions, institutional systems, and broader systems of power within academia. These findings contribute to critical analyses of ableism and disablism as interwoven, deeply entrenched logics within higher education. Finally, this research offers directions for creating anti-oppressive PhD environments that embrace scholars with a diversity of health experiences, needs, and abilities.

Nur zwei Seiten derselben Medaille? Ethische Fragen und Diskurse über COVID-19 und Ebola. Eine vergleichende Literaturanalyse«. Infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to human life. In the case of pandemics, they can also grow into massive challenges for society as a whole -not only from a medical but also from an ethical perspective. This article takes the current COVID-19 pandemic as the occasion for an empirical medico-ethical analysis. It explores the ethical dimensions and discourses on COVID-19 and the Ebola epidemics (West Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo). Additional attention is paid to the question whether and to what extent the ethical issues raised differ and how the possible disparities can be explained. Using a methodological two-step approach (systematic literature review; qualitative content analysis), we were able to identify nine categories that map the ethical dimensions of recent outbreaks of these two diseases: (1) Prioritization of health, (2) Equitable access to resources, (3) Adequate information, (4) Health worker vulnerability, (5) Stigma and discrimination, (6) Research ethics, (7) Measures restricting freedom, (8) Global health justice, (9) Environmental ethics.

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic condition in the world. It affects more than one in three people in the world. Often seen as a disease of childhood, dental decay increases as people age. In a number of highincome countries, despite reduction in caries among children, prevalence increases in the older population, constituting a major challenge, public health challenge. The population susceptible to chronic or debilitating diseases is growing. The most common chronic conditions affecting older adults are cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders, and most commonly depression and dementia. In 2014 the World Federation of Public Health Associations' General Assembly passed a resolution on the need to address the importance of oral health care for individuals with dementia. The International Council of Nurses supported the resolution. The prevalence of dementia is increasing worldwide and those who are demented frequently have difficulty in communicating with their caregivers. Thus, they often suffer unnecessarily. Studies have shown that, when matched for socio-economic status, age, and gender, older people with dementia have poorer oral health than others in the community. Those with dementia are often unable to communicate that they have painful or uncomfortable mouths. Frequently they are taking medication that cause xerostomia, dry mouth syndrome. This in turn can lead to increased risk of candida infections and dental caries that cause soreness and pain.

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa crônica, causada pelo bacilo Mycobacterium leprae, que afeta principalmente a pele, nervos periféricos, mucosa do trato respiratório superior e olhos. Constitui um processo crônico de natureza incapacitante. Em virtude de sua cronicidade e baixa letalidade, mantém ao longo dos anos a expansão endêmica em várias regiões. Tais características epidemiológicas da hanseníase têm sido objeto de inúmeros estudos, averiguar em que grau de incapacidade física os pacientes são notificados, o período com maiores índices e sua evolução clínica, porém a quantidade de trabalhos científicos que revelem estas informações nas cidades do Estado do Ceará e principalmente a região endêmica do Maciço de Baturité, composta por treze municípios, apresentasse escassa. Objetivos: Propomos investigar e analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico da hanseníase nos municípios da Macrorregião de Baturité, Estado do Ceará no período de 2005 a 2015. Materiais e Método...

Opinion polls suggest that doctors are among the most trusted people in society. My own observation is that leaders of medical colleges and organisations are resolutely and seriously self-critical in a way that no other group of employers, experts, workers or advisors has shown itself to be.

This lecture note introduces undergraduates most especially in medical Sociology and general sociology program the introductory concepts on the course titled : Sociology of health and illness behaviour clarifying basic concepts like sociology of health and illness, health, illness, disease, sickness, ill health, the importance of this study to students and health care.

Understanding the dynamics of dissent and heresy in medicine can be aided by the use of suitable frameworks. The dynamics of the search for truth vary considerably depending on whether the search is competitive or cooperative and on whether truth is assumed to be unitary or plural. Insights about dissent and heresy in medicine can be gained by making comparisons to politics and religion. To explain adherence to either orthodoxy or a challenging view, partisans use a standard set of explanations; social scientists use these plus others, especially symmetrical analyses. There is a wide array of methods by which orthodoxy maintains its domination and marginalises challengers. Finally, challengers can adopt various strategies in order to gain a hearing.

Objective: To learn the knowledge, meanings and experiences of pregnant women on anti-HIV serological testing during pregnancy. Methods: This was an exploratory qualitative study was conducted in five Basic Health Units Iguatu, Ceará, with 20 pregnant women through semi-structured interview in December 2010and January 2011, after signing the agreement. We used analysis technique of the content. Results: Knowledge of the purpose of the review was limited by some, but attributed meanings representing maternal instinct, social responsibility and prevention of vertical transmission. All serology performed without difficulties of access, although some did not want to do it for fear of discovery of the disease. Conclusion: It is considered that these rological testis always offered to minimize the transmission of HIV. Descriptors: Pregnancy, Knowledge, HIV. Objetivo: Conhecer os saberes, significados e vivências de gestantes sobre o teste sorológico anti-HIV no período gestacional. Método: Pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa realizada em cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Iguatu, Ceará; com 20 gestantes mediante entrevista semi-estruturada em dezembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011, após assinatura do termo de anuência. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: O conhecimento sobre a finalidade do exame encontrava-se limitado por algumas, mas atribuíram significados representando instinto materno, responsabilidade social e prevenção de transmissão vertical. Todas realizaram a sorologia sem dificuldades de acesso, apesar de que algumas não queriam fazê-lo por medo da descoberta da doença. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o exame sorológico seja sempre ofertado para minimizar a transmissão vertical do vírus HIV. Descritores: Gravidez, Conhecimento, HIV. Objetivo: Aprender los conocimientos, significados y experiencias de las mujeres embarazadas sobre la lucha contra el VIH las pruebas serológicas durante el embarazo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo exploratorio se llevó a cabo en cinco Unidades Básicas de Salud Iguatu, Ceará, con20 mujeres embarazadas a través de entrevista semiestructurada en diciembre de 2010y enero de 2011, tras la firma del acuerdo. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis del contenido. Resultados: El conocimiento del propósito de la revisión se vio limitada por algunos, pero atribuye significados que representan a instinto maternal, la responsabilidad social y la prevención de la transmisión vertical. Todas las pruebas serológicas a cabo sin dificultades de acceso, aunque algunos no quieren que lo haga por temor a ser descubierto de la enfermedad. Conclusión: llega a la conclusión prueba serológica siempre se ofrece para minimizarla transmisión de VIH. Descriptores: Embarazo, Conocimiento, VIH.

La médecine regroupe sur le terme démence un ensemble de troubles qui affectent les facultés cognitives de la personnes.  Il existe toutefois différents modèles d’explication et d’intervention sur ces mêmes troubles. L’anthropologie étudie ces modèles, et leur ancrage dans des contextes culturels, sociaux et économiques.

Men, Work, and Care of the Self: Hybrid Masculinities in Finnish Working Life Discussions on care of the self have intensified in Finland over the last thirty years. Self-care discourses are produced, for example, in public discussions in which individuals are motivated to become more responsible for themselves under the assumption that the weakening welfare society is no longer able to support each and every individual through difficult times. Concurrently, ideas about caring for and nurturing the self have increased in commercial value. Employers and numerous commercial actors have started to define the proper way to care for the self and to offer individuals means of self-care. For instance, the promotion of mindfulness exercises to deal with work-related stress, various diets as enhancers of physical activity, and the shaping of personal attitudes in response to increased insecurity in the labor market are ways in which individuals are being challenged to shift their gaze to their bodies and behaviors, and shape them to fit the new demands set by working life. Thus, self-care is not a single, undivided social movement, but the site of a struggle wherein disagreements are constituted between interest groups representing different conceptualizations of the proper care of the self. This dissertation focuses on how men think and talk about their practices of work-related self-care, and the norms and expectations placed on men's work-related self-care. The first empirical dataset of my study consists of interviews with men regarding their conceptualizations, perceptions, and memories of work-related self-care. The second dataset consists of media data from texts addressing men's work-related self-care. The context of the present study is post-industrialized working life in Finland, where men's job opportunities lie increasingly in the knowledgeintensive sector, social services and healthcare, and service-based jobs. The changes in the labor market and the ethical deliberation on self-care in both public discussions and workplaces problematizes those masculinities that have traditionally been idealized in the Finnish socio-cultural context. Many men no longer identify with, and are not expected to identify with, the way of being a man characterized by an ethos of surviving alone, a suspiciousness towards authorities, and a reluctance to monitor one's own health status and emotions. In line with recent theoretical discussions in critical studies on men and masculinities, my study adopts the concept of hybrid masculinity to depict men's incorporation of performances and identity elements previously associated with various femininities. By adopting Michel Foucault's concept of care of the self, the study addresses self-care as a practice that is enabled and constrained by institutions and norms. Theoretically and