Maritime History

Fundada en la segunda mitad del siglo VII a.C., la Málaga fenicio-púnica y romana se convierte en uno de los principales puertos del SE peninsular, gracias papel en la ruta hacia el Estrecho de Gibraltar, y también a su posición estratégica en el sector norte del mar de Alborán, con una especial relación con de Rusaddir (Melilla). Su posible identificación con la Mainake de las fuentes clásicas encaja con el elevado número de cerámicas griegas recuperado en las excavaciones del Cerro del Villar y del centro histórico de Málaga. Ya en época romana, fuentes arqueológicas y epigráficas, insisten en su importancia en el comercio de aceite y salsas de pescado. Esta rica información
contrasta con la muy escasa documentación arqueológica sobre las infraestructuras portuarias de la ciudad que se analizan en este trabajo a partir de la geoarqueología, cartografía moderna y topografía de determinados hallazgos entre la desembocadura del río Guadalmedina y la ladera sur del monte Gibralfaro

This very rare book of its kind & highly valuable s a detailed study of biblical commerce and its eschatological significance. Published in 1920 by Longmans, Green & Co., the work explores the commercial power of ancient Tyre as a metaphor for imperial rise and fall. Schoff’s analysis is rooted in scriptural exegesis, particularly the prophetic warnings of Isaiah, Ezekiel, and the Book of Revelation, which depict Tyre as emblematic of economic excess, moral corruption, and divine judgment. At its core, The Ship "Tyre" investigates the interplay between economic power and divine retribution in ancient civilizations. The study extends beyond Tyre itself to encompass the fates of Nineveh, Babylon, and Rome—empires that, like Tyre, fell from greatness due to their hubris and spiritu
l decline. Schoff’s research integrates historical, theological, and commercial perspectives, making this work significant for biblical scholars, historians of the ancient Near East, and those studying the intersection of commerce and prophecy in religious texts.
Summary of Chapters
1. The Tabernacle
This chapter discusses the economic and material aspects of the construction of the Israelite Tabernacle, including the resources and trade networks that supplied its precious materials. It establishes the biblical framework for understanding commerce in relation to divine worship.
2. Division of Spoil
Examines how war spoils contributed to the wealth of ancient civilizations, particularly through conquest and plunder. This section highlights the biblical theme of divine justice in redistributing wealth after military victories.
3. The Temple and Palace
Analyzes the opulence of the Temple of Solomon and royal palaces, demonstrating how sacred and secular wealth were interconnected. This chapter reflects on the tensions between material prosperity and spiritual fidelity.
4. Ophir Voyages
Explores the legendary voyages to Ophir, known for its abundant gold and luxury goods. This chapter investigates the ancient maritime trade routes and their significance in biblical history.
5. Profanation and Pillage
Describes how foreign powers desecrated sacred sites, including the destruction of temples and looting of religious treasures. It ties into the broader theme of divine punishment for hubris and moral corruption.
6. Captivity
Focuses on the exile and captivity of Israelite populations, linking economic devastation to divine retribution. The Babylonian exile is a key focus, illustrating how economic decline often followed spiritual failure.
7. The Ship "Tyre"
The central allegory of the book, this chapter interprets Ezekiel’s lament over Tyre (Ezekiel 27), presenting the city’s vast commercial network as a doomed vessel. The imagery of a shipwreck symbolizes the fragility of material wealth.
8. The Prince of Tyre
Examines the figure of the "Prince of Tyre" in Ezekiel 28 as a representation of human arrogance and self-deification. This chapter explores how rulers who exalt themselves as divine are ultimately brought low.
9. The King of Tyre
Further explores the downfall of Tyre’s monarchy, drawing connections between the city's decline and broader historical patterns of imperial collapse.
10. Notes to the Allegory
Provides exegetical commentary on the prophetic allegory of Tyre, comparing biblical metaphors with historical events.
11. The Second Temple
Analyzes the economic and religious implications of the rebuilding of the Jewish Temple after the Babylonian exile, contrasting it with the former grandeur of Solomon’s Temple.
12. The Great City "Babylon"
Examines Babylon’s role in biblical prophecy as a symbol of imperial corruption and its eventual downfall, drawing parallels with Tyre.
13. The Holy City
Contrasts the fate of corrupt empires with the enduring holiness of Jerusalem, viewed as the divine counterpoint to Babylon.
14. The Pomp and the Trappings
Discusses the materialistic excesses of empires, illustrating how wealth and luxury often precede moral and political decline.
15. Precious Stones
Explores the symbolism of precious stones in biblical and historical contexts, particularly in relation to divine judgment and heavenly rewards.
16. The Specifications Compared
Compares the economic and architectural grandeur of different ancient civilizations, using biblical and historical sources.
17. Date of the Tradition
Investigates the historical development of the tradition surrounding Tyre’s fall and its prophetic significance across different time periods.
Appendices and Abbreviations
The book concludes with additional notes, sources, and a list of abbreviations used in the text.
Conclusion
Schoff’s The Ship "Tyre" offers a profound examination of the cyclical nature of economic power and divine justice. By drawing from biblical prophecy and historical case studies, the work underscores a universal theme: civilizations that prioritize wealth and pride over moral and spiritual integrity are destined to fall. The book remains a valuable resource for scholars interested in biblical commerce, eschatology, and the historical interplay between trade and theology.
Tags
Biblical prophecy, ancient commerce, Tyre, Ezekiel 27, Isaiah, Book of Revelation, Nineveh, Babylon, Rome, downfall of empires, allegory, maritime trade, biblical exegesis, economic history, theology, divine judgment, conquest, war spoils, sacred temples, Solomon’s Temple, Ophir voyages, luxury goods, prophetic literature, biblical metaphors, eschatology, theological history, trade routes, divine retribution, historical allegory, moral corruption, imperial collapse, commerce in the Bible, biblical symbolism, ancient Near East, maritime symbolism, ancient shipping, prophecy fulfillment, sacred texts, spiritual decline, biblical judgment, fall of civilizations, wealth and pride, biblical interpretation, economic collapse, trade in antiquity, ancient cities, seafaring nations, biblical trade, theological analysis, prophetic warnings, sacred geography, temple construction, historical theology, Middle Eastern history, conquest narratives, commercial power, biblical themes, Jewish history, ancient merchants, prophecy and history, destruction of empires, luxury and decay, theological prophecy, divine warnings, biblical history, Ezekiel’s lament, prophetic discourse, fall of Tyre, prince of Tyre, king of Tyre, economic downfall, sacred and secular wealth, merchant class, allegorical prophecy, downfall of kings, biblical political economy, sacred economy, religious downfall, theological metaphors, economic prosperity and ruin, prophetic imagery, ships in the Bible, fall of great cities, divine intervention, scriptural commerce, theological historiography, trade and prophecy, riches and ruin, spiritual downfall, ancient economic systems, historical eschatology, sacred texts analysis, commercial allegory, maritime metaphors, ancient seafaring, moral decline in history, temple pillage, wealth and idolatry, biblical archaeology, spiritual hubris, historical interpretations of scripture, prophetic commerce, temple economy, conquest and exile, downfall of trade empires, moral decay and wealth, trade in ancient Israel, downfall of world powers, biblical cities, theological critique, ancient world economy, prophetic history, divine punishment, merchants in antiquity, wealth accumulation, downfall of commercial cities, trade and divinity, destruction of wealth, biblical allegories, downfall narratives, theological reflections, temple riches, biblical commerce, biblical historiography, ancient economy, religious arrogance, sacred relics, economic prophecy, downfall of trade networks, esoteric theology, Babylonian commerce, divine justice in trade, theological warnings, maritime trade and prophecy, Solomon’s wealth, Tyre’s destruction, merchant kings, prophetic warnings in history, ancient economies and theology, biblical wealth, fall of merchants, biblical maritime culture, prophetic judgment, sacred economic history, theology of commerce, sacred city narratives, merchant kings and prophets, sacred versus profane wealth, Tyre’s legacy, biblical warnings against wealth, ancient empire collapse, prophetic economics, Middle Eastern trade, biblical maritime history, prophetic symbols in trade, historical allegories of downfall, biblical imperial critique, eschatological economics, ancient wealth distribution, prophetic visions of destruction, wealth and divine wrath, downfall of trading nations, biblical critique of materialism, destruction of economic power, biblical rulers, allegorical trade history, sacred versus worldly power, maritime conquest, fall of trade monopolies, biblical city destruction, divine critique of wealth, rise and fall of maritime powers, the great harlot, merchants of the earth, destruction of Babylon, theological commentary, the ship of wealth, divine response to arrogance, Old Testament trade, prophetic calls to repentance, prophetic denunciations of wealth, the ship as empire, scriptural analysis of trade, temple economies in history, divine economics, maritime wealth and its perils, downfall of trading hubs, biblical critiques of empire, prophetic history of trade, theological significance of ships, ships in prophetic vision, trading nations in the Bible, Old Testament commerce, economic allegories in scripture, fall of ancient wealth, temple riches and trade, biblical economics, prophetic lessons in trade, downfall of the proud, hubris and empire collapse, sacred economics, maritime supremacy in history, economic warnings in prophecy, fall of seafaring empires, divine justice and trade, religious criticism of wealth, theological perspectives on commerce, scriptural warnings against greed, downfall of imperial traders, allegorical wealth, biblical rulers and wealth, downfall of kings and merchants, maritime power and its limits, prophetic justice, divine retribution against wealth, the sins of Tyre, prophetic condemnations of luxury, downfall of trade-driven cities, esoter...

Trong trận thủy chiến Bạch Đằng năm 1288, chiến thuật phục kích và tấn công, cùng với diễn biến của trận chiến, đã được phân tích từ góc nhìn địa quân sự. Các yếu tố địa quân sự được xem xét bao gồm địa hình (núi đồi, sông lạch, bờ bãi và rừng ngập mặn, v.v.), thời tiết (hướng và tốc độ gió, khả năng mưa, v.v.) và thủy văn (thủy triều, mực nước, dòng chảy). Quân Đại Việt mai phục hai phía bờ sông, trọng yếu là thủy quân ở khu sông lạch Điền Công và bộ binh tại khu núi đá vôi Tràng Kênh. Cuộc tấn công được phối hợp giữa ba cánh thủy quân chính: một cánh đánh từ phía trên sông, một cánh đánh chặn đường rút của quân Nguyên ra biển và cánh thứ ba là quân tiếp viện đánh từ sông Gía. Để chặn thủy quân Nguyên rút lui ra biển, các bãi cọc và xích đã được bố trí trên sông Bạch Đằng và các nhánh sông phía tả ngạn. Thuyền, bè lửa cũng được triển khai, chủ yếu dọc theo tả ngạn. Thủy quân Đại Việt dùng chiến thuật khiêu khích, giả vờ thua để dụ quân Nguyên truy đuổi ngược dòng, vào lúc thủy triều lên cao vào sáng sớm ngày 9 tháng 4 năm 1288. Vào khoảng 5-6 giờ sáng, khi thủy triều bắt đầu rút khá mạnh, quân Đại Việt mở cuộc phản công. Đến 9-10 giờ sáng, các chiến thuyền Nguyên bắt đầu bị mắc vào cọc và xích và bị các thuyền, bè lửa thiêu cháy, khi thủy triều xuống gần đến mực thấp nhất và dòng chảy còn khá mạnh. Vào khoảng trưa và đầu chiều, hạm đội Nguyên đã bị bao vây và bị tiêu diệt phần lớn, khi thủy triều ở mức thấp nhất và dòng chảy đã dừng. Trận chiến kết thúc vào khoảng 5-7 giờ chiều với đại thắng của quân Đại Việt, khi thủy triều dâng khá mạnh. Khoảng 400 tàu chiến Nguyên đã bị bắt và lực lượng còn lại chạy trốn đến đảo Hà Nam đã bị tiêu diệt………………………………….
In the Bach Dang naval battle in 1288, the ambush and attack tactics, along with the overall progress of the battle, were analysed from the perspective of military geoscience. The geo-military factors considered included topography (mountains-hills, rivers-channels, banks, tidal flats and mangrove forests, etc.), weather (wind direction and speed and possibility of rain, etc), and hydrology (tides, water levels and currents). The Dai Viet army ambushed on both banks of the Bach Dang River, mainly targeting the navy in the Dien Cong River area and the infantry in the Trang Kenh limestone mountain area. The attack was coordinated between three main naval forces: one attacked from upstream, another blocked the Yuan army’s retreat to the sea, and the third was reinforcements attacking from the Gia River. To prevent Yuan ships from retreating to sea, stake and chain traps were placed on the Bach Dang River and its tributaries along the left bank. The incendiary boats and rafts were also deployed, mainly along the left bank. The Dai Viet navy used a provocation tactic, pretending to lose to lure the Yuan forces into pursuit upriver, at high tide in the early morning of April 9, 1288. At around 5-6 a.m., when the tide began to fall rather strongly, the Dai Viet forces launched a counterattack. By 9-10 a.m., while the tide was near its lowest level of the day and the current was still relatively strong, Yuan naval ships began to become trapped on stakes and chains and burned by incendiary boats and rafts. By midday and early afternoon, the Yuan fleet was surrounded and largely destroyed, when the tide was at its lowest and the current had stopped. The battle ended around 5-7 pm with a great victory for the Dai Viet army, when the tide rose significantly. About 400 Yuan warships were captured and the remaining force that fled to Ha Nam island was destroyed.

This paper considers shipwrecks as a form of disaster and studies historical shipwreck accounts to gain insights into social constructions of disaster. Theoretical debates address global inequalities in disaster experience, response, and research, and notably identify the concept of risk as a key to understanding social constructions of disaster. We analyze shipwrecks, a recurring but diverse risk, as a series of material and psychological stages that allow us to explore three facets of the social construction of shipwrecks. In the sixteenth century, Labrador whaling outfitters left shipwreck accounts that reveal how they converted the systemic risk of winter weather into an insurable natural hazard. In the seventeenth century, transatlantic fishermen blamed summer storms for their shipwreck losses, but also took responsibility as professionals for risk management and workplace security. In the eighteenth century, passengers' accounts begin from an etic (observer) perspective and, at a certain stage of the shipwreck, shift to an emic (participant) perspective, enabling them to convert their experience into cultural capital within the emerging middle class. These facets of shipwreck accounts hold analogies for critical disaster studies, by revealing the role of social position in the perception, calculation, and cultural commodification of risk.

Abstract:  Since Russia’s invasion in 2022, Ukraine has pioneered a revolutionary approach to warfare through its "Wings and Waves" drone strategy, leveraging millions of aerial drones ("Wings") and hundreds of maritime drones ("Waves") to counter a conventionally superior adversary. This study examines how Ukraine’s scalable, cost-effective drone ecosystem—producing 4 million units annually by 2025—has redefined the Russia-Ukraine War’s trajectory, sinking 25–27 Russian ships, inflicting 70% of equipment losses, and securing $23 billion in grain exports. From the Kursk incursion (August 2024–March 2025) to the Black Sea campaign (2022–2025), drones shifted Ukraine from a defensive posture to an offensive force, forcing Russia’s naval retreat and straining its $200 billion oil economy. Economically, the $10–$15 billion drone industry emerged as a wartime lifeline, with export potential of $20–$30 billion, though sustainability hinges on manpower, resources, and Western aid amidst shifting policies. Globally, Ukraine’s model influences NATO and smaller nations, offering a blueprint for asymmetric warfare while raising proliferation risks. Looking forward, next-generation technologies (hypersonic, stealth, AI swarms) and underwater capabilities promise further dominance, contingent on outpacing Russia’s countermeasures and securing funding. This research underscores drones as a paradigm shift, blending tactical innovation with strategic and geopolitical impact.

ANKARAD-Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Yaz ve Kış olmak üzere yılda iki sayı olarak yayımlanan uluslararası hakemli bir dergidir. AJARS-International Journal of Social Sciences is a double blind peer-reviewed intemational journal published twice a year Summer and Winter.

El presente trabajo trata acerca del diseno de un prototipo de motor magnetico sobre la base de ciertos parametros conocidos acerca del funcionamiento de los motores de combustion interna, asi como tambien la aplicacion de ciertos criterios acerca de teoria electromagnetica y de electronica para controlar el funcionamiento del sistema en general. En la primera parte del trabajo se presentan las bases teoricas que han permitido culminar con exito cada una de las etapas del proyecto. Luego se presentan en orden cronologico las parte de conforman cada una de las etapas de este trabajo. Finalmente presenta las conclusiones y recomendaciones del caso para futuros trabajos que se desarrollen en torno al tema.

U radu se na temelju podataka sačuvanih u izvorima te iskaza kazivačica prikazuju promjene u strukturi konavoske obitelji Čeović od sredine XIX. do sredine XX. stoljeća. Opisuje se obiteljska kuća, način stjecanja baštine te konačna podjela imanja. Upućuje se na moguću povezanost biološkog rasta i gospodarskog potencijala te njihov utjecaj na promjenu strukture obitelji.

The paper examines the interface of inherent properties of ‘why/how’ WH-words and their syntactic positions in earlier Southern Min texts, hybrid playscripts written in a mixture of Chaozhou and Quanzhou dialects, dating back as early as 16 th century (Wu 2001a-d). The WH-words falls into two major types: mih 4 乜-based WH-words and chai 7 侢-based WH-words. The meaning of each type of WH-words is partially conditioned by the structural position it occupies. Four dedicated positions are found: force, premodal, preverbal and postclausal. Force, premodal, preverbal and postclausal WH-words are conducive to rhetorical question, cause/reason, manner, and purpose reading respectively. Most of ‘why/how’ WH-words are headed by cho 3 做. I propose that starting out as a marker of focus cho 3 做 is instrumental in turning variable-bearing WH-words into adjunct WH-words.

RESEARCH OF FLOODED MONUMENTS ON THE NORTH SHORE OF LAKE ISSYK-KUL IN 2023–2024.

M.Yu. Menshikov, V.A. Kolchenko, D.V. Luzhansky

Underwater archaeological studies was conducted in the seasons 2023–2024 on Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyz Republic). Archaeologists have discovered the remains of brick medieval buildings and kiln complexes under water. Fragments of ceramic vessels, animal bones and slag were found at the bottom of the lake. In addition, an area with a preserved cultural layer was found at the bottom. The results of the expedition confi rm the concept that a large settlement went under water in the Middle Ages. These archaeological works are important for understanding the medieval history of the region and developing methods for underwater research of this type of sites.
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В 2023–2024 гг. на озере Иссык-Куль (Кыргызская Республика) проводились подводные археологические работы на памятниках, расположенных на дне озера в районе с. Тору-Айгыр. Под водой были обнаружены остатки кирпичных построек, кольцевые глиняные (сырцовые) конструкции горнов или тандыров, большое количество подъемного материала в виде фрагментов керамических сосудов, костей животных, жженого кирпича. Кроме того, на дне удалось выявить участки с сохранившимся культурным слоем. Все это вместе позволяет говорить о том, что в прошлом на берегу Иссык-Куля располагалось крупное поселение, ушедшее под воду. Исследование данного памятника является важным шагом к пониманию вопросов освоения Иссык-Кульской котловины в древности, а также будет способствовать развитию и выработке новых методик изучения затопленных археологических объектов.

In the summer of 2009, during maintenance work on the Rhine dike north of the old city centre of Kaiserswerth, a wooden ship was discovered by the ruins of a weir - a so-called batardeau - which was once part of the old Kaiserswerth fortress. The vessel measures nearly 18 metres in length. Since it was located at a depth of 9 metres (at the deepest point) and the work had to be carried out under extreme time pressure, it was not possible to document and recover it in the conventional manner. Instead, methods of documentation and recovery that would meet the requirements of the situation had to be developed while the excavation was in progress. The remains of the batardeau, measuring 40 metres in length and 4 metres in height, were found lying on their side. The weir was presumably constructed around the mid seventeenth century. The topsy-turvy position of the masonry finds will have been brought about by the blasting of the Kaiserswerth fortress by allied troops of Holland, Brandenb...

During World War I, the United Kingdom, which wanted to implement war strategies covering more than one country and gain intelligence superiority and military superiority, published books titled "A Handbook of Turkey", "A Handbook of Bulgaria", etc. within the Naval Intelligence Unit. The interest and success of the books led to a similar study during World War II. In 1939, special geography departments were established at Cambridge and Oxford Universities. As a result of the texts written by experts in the field, 58 volumes of works concerning 31 countries/regions were published. Our study is based on the two-volume work published by the British Naval Intelligence Unit on Turkey during World War II. Volume I of the "Geographical Handbook Series Turkey", published in 1942 and 1943, provides information on the physical and geological structure, coasts, regional topography, climate, flora and fauna, and Volume II provides information on population distribution, ports, mining, agriculture, irrigation, trade, and communication. Our study analyses the information on the Balıkesir region in the book on Turkey during World War II. Considering the information in the book published on Turkey during World War I, the geographical situation, transportation facilities, mineral deposits, ports, road and railways, import and export rates, the population structure of Balıkesir centre, and its accidents were tried to be given. With the information to be obtained, it is aimed to interpret the social and economic situation of the Balıkesir region during World War II according to the source prepared by the Naval Intelligence Unit and to contribute to the research to be conducted on the history of the area.

À partir d'une étude de cas (le déploiement et les opérations d'une flotte française en Amérique pendant la guerre d'Indépendance des États-Unis) cet ouvrage collectif propose une enquête approfondie sur les contraintes (politiques, logistiques, techniques, géographiques, humaines...) qui pesaient à l'âge de la voile sur la mise en œuvre de la puissance navale.

This report concerns an underwater excavation and assesment that the Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE) conducted in 2018 on two shipwrecks in the Markermeer near Warder. The results of this archaeological research show that the excavated shipwreck was a small trading vessel from the first half of the sixteenth century. At the other site, the remains of a clinker-built ship were found that also dates from the mid-sixteenth century.

This Report documents the excavation of a sixteenth-century wooden shipwreck by the Dutch Cultural HeritageAgency in 2019. The ship was carrying copper plates stamped with the logo of the German trading family Fugger. It was found 15 km north of Terschelling during the search for the lost containers of the container ship MSC Zoë. At the site, only a part of the ship's hull was preserved, protected by the copper cargo. The ship is believed to have been built around 1540 in Holland or Northwest Germany, and it is possible that it sank in a autumn storm in 1546.

In 2022, a preliminary underwater survey was conducted by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) on various shipwrecks off the coast of Friesland (Netherlands). The results of the survey show that the shipwrecks date from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. Several of these sites have high archaeological potential, and it is recommended that further archaeological research should be carried out.

The well-known pioneer of scuba-diving, Hans Hass made his first underwater footage in Curazao, Dutch West Indies. But it was the Austrian emigrant Fred Fischer, whose photos had been discovered in the National Archive in Curacao, who obviously helped Hans Hass to construct a underwater film camera. Hass couldn't tell this in Nazi Germany, but due to several issues Hans Hass mentioned Fischer in his last autobiography only. The present paper is a research report as, when published, the real name of Fred Fischer, Sigmund Fischer, was not yet known. Thanks to my friends and colleagues from Curacao I found that out after having revealed the Hass testimonials on Fred Fischer.

The authors report a case of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis in a 15-year-old boy. Computed tomographic scans showed a large intraventricular mass with peritumoral calcification and a cyst in the left lateral ventricle. Left dominant unilateral hydrocephalus was also revealed. Magnetic resonance images clearly demonstrated the lesion. The tumor was subtotal ly removed and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed because of the hydrocephalus. The pro liferation potential was assessed by measuring the bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) labeling index employ ing the <I>in vitro</I> labeling method, and determining the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content by flowcytometry. BUdR-positive cells were found to be rare, and the DNA histogram demonstrated no evidence of high proliferative activity or aneuploidy.

The consequences of HMS Wager´s shipwreck in 1741 and the presence of another ship of that fleet, the transport Anna, in the present-day Anna Pink Bay, were the campaigns to retrieve the cannons from Wager´s shipwreck, the Jesuit voyages to transport the "new" indians to Chiloe, the utilization by Chiloe´s Spanish authorities of the "Indian passage" in the Isthmus of Ofqui, plus the foundation of a short-lived wooden fort on Caychilu Island.

(SmC) propose d'implanter à Marseille une CreaPOLE afin de contribuer à préserver l'écologie des mers et des océans. L'opportunité des licornes, grand espoir du XXIe siècle En lançant l'appel à propositions Marseille-en-Grand, M. Emmanuel Macron poursuit la tradition des projets présidentiels inaugurée avec la construction de la plateforme d'échange de Rungis, du plus grand aéroport d'Europe, du Centre culturel Georges Pompidou, du Parc des sciences et techniques de la Villette, du plus important musée du Monde … Inspiré par l'exemple de Périclès, qui avait fait d'Athènes la capitale intellectuelle, artistique et politique de l'antiquité, Marseille-en-Grand offre l'occasion à la France d'apporter une contribution décisive à la solution du plus grand problème du monde contemporain : la préservation de l'écologie de la Planète. Dans le cadre des objectifs de développement durable des Nations-Unies, Marseille peut devenir leader mondial du secteur maritime, grâce à une mise en oeuvre effective des ressources du droit international de la propriété intellectuelle.

Indigenous fishermen's knowledge often gets dismissed for being subjective, anecdotal, and of little value to today's fisheries and centralized management strategies. Yet, fishermen have spent much of their lives accumulating intimate, fine scale ecological information that is not otherwise available. Pitfalls encountered during efforts to access fishermen-based information during the mapping of historical Gulf of Maine spawning grounds of cod and haddock are reviewed and the strategies developed to overcome them are included. Current and future roles for fishermen's knowledge in managing coastal fisheries are examined. Various ways to integrate the local place-based information of fishermen into current management strategies and potential for introducing a new local management paradigm are explored.

Las investigaciones contenidas en este libro proponen conceptos para pensar en las dimensiones de los instrumentos como objetos de estudio histórico. Incorporando casos de estudio tanto de Europa como de América, este libro aborda a los instrumentos no solo como objetos generadores de conocimiento científico, sino también como agentes de conversión religiosa, imperialismo geopolítico, identidades individuales y comunitarias, curiosidad y placer. Cada uno de los instrumentos analizados -un mapa, una serie de libros, objetos devocionales, una herramienta médica, piezas de vestir e instrumentos musicales- es el resultado de la interacción de actores provenientes de esferas diferentes, como los artesanos y los científicos, los sacerdotes y los devotos, o los agentes imperiales y los navegantes. Investigar estos instrumentos, por lo tanto, es adentrarse en el mundo de la materialidad, la mediación y la interacción en el mundo moderno.

After first noting the scarcity of Indian sources that evoke the sea, the author describes a panorama of ports depicted in literary and archeological sources from Sindh to the Bengal coast by way of the Sri-Lankan ports. She highlights the economic importance of the Coromandel Coast in liaison with the politics of the Coḷa dynasty and the Ceylon coasts that profited from the large volume of commerce between China and the Arab world.

This book delves into the fascinating copper hoard objects from the Copper Age of Bharat, focusing on one particularly enigmatic artifact. Unearthed in the river Doabs of Northern India, this T-shaped object with curved arm-like extensions, a roundish head, and a rectangular body with leg-like protrusions has baffled archaeologists for decades. Lacking any reference in Vedic literature, it has often been classified as an anthropomorphic ritual object.

This study challenges traditional interpretations through scientific analysis and proposes an alternative view. Many copper hoard items have been identified as practical tools—harpoons, fishhooks, and other accessories used in fishing boats. Could this unique object, too, have served a utilitarian function? The book explores the possibility of it being a versatile boat accessory, potentially a boat hook used in ancient sailboat operations.

The portolan chart of ca. 1565 from the Library of Congress is drawn on leather and shows the Pacific coast from Guatemala to northern Peru. It includes archipelagos such as Galapagos (12 islands), Malpelo, Cocos (one main island surrounded by five smaller ones), Coiba and other unnamed but represented islands. Its significance lies in synthesizing decades of explorations, although it contains anachronisms that question its exact dating.

If Boston is a harbor city, the harbor needs 'another' side. The building of Long Wharf was contemporaneous with the rehabilitation of the Quincy Market/Fanueil Hall area in the early 1970's and was followed by the New England Aquarium. The adjacent Harbor Towers were also built around this time and several old wharf buildings were renovated (Lewis, Commercial, Sergeants, Union, for example). Through the later '80's, development along the shore of Boston and Charlestown has proceeded, Rowes Wharf, a hotel, condominium and commercial project at the waterfront, being the most significant building built in the city in the last 15 years. The conversion of the Edison facility in the North end and the renovation of Lincoln Wharf into Burroughs Wharf are also of note. Talk of building on the Fan Pier/Pier 4 sites again prompted urban harbor talk, but one critical piece seemed to be missing. East Boston frames the harbor. It is the most important site in the whole harbor, not in terms of real estate value or cultural significance to the 10 city but because it stands to define the harbor as part of the city, within the city. By building Boston across the water the water is again what joins the city.

La relevancia de Cancún como destino turístico en el Caribe no pasa desapercibida; actualmente recibe poco más de la cuarta parte del turismo internacional en México. Mientras sus visitantes sólo identifican el espectáculo ofrecido por el paisaje y los lugares de esparcimiento, los residentes se limitan a la cotidianidad, ignorando el disfrute del lugar, así como de su historia, lo cual hace necesaria la escritura de una historiografía accesible a todo público que destaque la importancia y complejidad de su pasado.

Este artículo tiene como propósito resaltar la participación que tuvo Cancún en el desarrollo de la historia del Caribe y, en consecuencia, del Océano Atlántico durante el siglo XVIII a través del comercio, la piratería, el contrabando y la pesca. Su ubicación estratégica le dotó de cierto protagonismo en la ruta de La Habana a Panamá.

(Diacronías, 17, 30, febrero de 2025)

This paper examines about the north and south regions of Malabar through the inland water way and configure the market system of interior parts by interconnecting with major ports near to Malabar. The hydrological elements used as an imperial policy in the west coast of Malabar in Madras presidency of British India. However, as an impact of the integration of the natural inlets like rivers, backwaters and estuaries it brings out an uninterrupted line of inland waterway. This study also analysis the reach ability of the canal to fulfill the imperial purpose and relocation of market system of west coast of south India, leads the market reorientation in early 20 th century. The canal policy of British was a prime motive of imperial power that took up the natural water bodies especially rivers, backwaters and estuaries to join with artificial ways.

摘要:本文探讨了中国与地中海地区之间的跨文化关系，特别是在晚清时期中国官员和外交官的 视角下。地中海长期以来被视为一个具有重要战略意义的“跨文化空间”，这是一个文化、经济和 民族交汇的区域。本文通过 MeTChE(中国视角下的地中海)研究项目，凸显“去边界化”方法在 分析中西关系中的重要性。去边界化的研究视角允许我们超越传统的国家和文化界限，深入理解 中国与地中海之间的复杂互动和交流。通过系统分析中国文献中有关地中海的描述，我们不仅可
以揭示中国对这一地区的认知演变，还能更全面地理解跨文化交流是如何塑造历史进程的。 关键词:中西交流;地中海;跨文化空间;旅行文学;晚清

In the postnational era, as scholars investigating the circulation of reciprocal knowledge between China and foreign countries, we are called to reconsider the relevance of national borders in our own research. This comes as a response to an extended demand to rethink the ties imposed by concepts such as nation, language and heritage in favour of essential inclusive sentiments of shared interests and belonging. This volume is the initial outcome of the research project The Mediterranean Through Chinese Eyes (MeTChE), which aims to investigate the perception and representation of the Mediterranean region in Chinese sources, conceptualising this ‘region among lands’ as a transcultural and debordered space, as advanced by contemporary Mediterranean Studies.

This research aims to understand the sea as a cultural space within the context of the Lamalera shing community on Lembata Island, Indonesia. The Lamalera community is a fishing community with the privilege of catching whales, dolphins, and manta rays-species that are protected. The human relationship with the marine environment is a complex model, encompassing various aspects such as culture, economy, social, political, and spiritual dimensions. This study reveals cultural practices that have developed around the sea, including myths, customs, shing traditions, maritime trade, and the utilization of marine resources. Furthermore, this research also identi es the role of the sea in shaping the cultural identity of the Lamalera community, including livelihoods, beliefs, and unique cultural practices. Through an interdisciplinary approach involving history, anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies, this research complements previous studies on the sea as a cultural space. The results of this research show that the Lamalera community has a close and unique relationship with the sea through whale hunting practices and other shing activities. Their highly intensive interaction with the sea as their sole source of livelihood forms the identity of the Lamalera community as a traditional whale hunting shing community (aboriginal subsistence whaling).

Throughout the high to late Middle Ages and up to the modern period, fairs played an important role in the development of the European economy and especially in the trans-regional exchange of goods. In order to understand the radical expansion of money markets and the transformation of exchange that occurred in the late Middle Ages and the first centuries of the early modern period that made the role of fairs so important in the economy, the CoMOR project focuses on the period between the decline of the classic fairs at Champagne beginning around 1350 and the emergence of fairs dedicated to finance and money exchange in the seventeenth century, with a particular emphasis on the fairs of France, Germany, and the north of Italy. Funded by the French Agence nationale de la recherche and its German equivalent, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the principal investigators Jean-Louis Gaulin and Susanne Rau made an online, collaborative database to record and support the research central to the project. This database needed to respond to the goals of the project and its various contributors, as well as providing a platform for future collaboration. This article presents the database-hosted at with the decisions taken to respond to the project, the contributor requirements, and the opportunities that it offers to users. 1

Contrary to the idea that interculturality is based exclusively on intersubjective interaction, the article examines the role of non-human actors in intercultural transfer processes. Through a comparative reading of Fernand Braudelʼs La Méditerranée and Anna L. Tsingʼs The Mushroom at the End of the World, it shows how people, spaces and things can be analysed in their intercultural interconnectedness and how the focus on spatial and material agency allows intercultural processes to be displayed and reflected in their ambivalence, their success and failure.

This article explores the resurgence of Ligurian maritime activity in the Black Sea during the early nineteenth century after a four-century absence, driven by the lucrative Black Sea grain trade and coinciding with Genoa's transition from French to Sardinian rule. Following the Vienna Congress, Ligurian vessels, primarily from small coastal communities, began frequenting Black Sea ports to transport grain to Genoa, Livorno and Marseilles. These efforts were supported by Savoy's trade policies and Sardinian consuls in the region, leading to a peak in Ligurian shipping activity in the 1860s, before it declined due to competition from foreign steamships. The article emphasizes the crucial role of institutional and state support in establishing this trade, and examines how interactions with national and foreign merchants shaped its development. It is structured around Savoy's trade policies, the Ligurian presence during the Age of Sail, and the emergence of a niche Italian steam-shipping fleet.

A seguito dell'apertura dei commerci, e degli ingenti investimenti voluti da Caterina di Russia, numerose città portuali affacciate sulle coste settentrionale (Odessa) e occidentale (Galatz e Braila) del Mar Nero, e nel Mar d'Azov (Berdyansk, Mariupol, Taganrog), tra la fine del XVIII e per larga parte del XIX secolo conobbero uno sviluppo economico, demografico e commerciale di assoluto rilievo. L'esteso e fertile entroterra riforniva regolarmente questi porti di cereali che, da lì, venivano poi esportati verso i paesi del Mediterraneo occidentale e del Nord Europa. Nella gestione di uno dei flussi commerciali più rilevanti del XIX secolo, furono diversi i mercanti e navigatori di origine ligure che seppero inserirvisi. Come si vedrà, dopo i primi pionieri di fine Settecento, presenti sin dalla fondazione di alcuni di questi centri, la presenza commerciale ligure si consolidò a Odessa e nei porti dell'Azov a partire dagli anni Venti del secolo successivo. Beneficiando della rappresentanza consolare del Regno di Sardegna, nei cui ranghi era vantaggioso accedere, diversi liguri (ben distribuiti tra le due riviere) si dimostrarono particolarmente abili a penetrare nei porti dell'Azov, dove installarono case commerciali e seppero ritagliarsi un ruolo come vettori di trasporto, non solo per conto di corregionali, ma anche per commercianti stranieri, soprattutto greci, inglesi e francesi. In questo saggio, si traccerà una panoramica della presenza ligure nel Mar Nero in questa fase storica, tra fine Settecento e metà Ottocento, concentrandosi sulla sola presenza mercantile, nell'intenzione di analizzare la costituzione di network commerciali e le intersezioni tra commercio e rappresentanza istituzionale, lasciando invece a future ricerche lo studio della navigazione e l'analisi dei diversi modelli di relazione tra commercio e trasporto marittimo. C o pyrig ht © Viella N.B: C o pia a d uso p ersonale e istituzionale. È vietata la ripro d uzion e (totale o p arziale) d ell'o p era con q ualsiasi m ezzo effettuata e la sua m essa a disp osizion e di terzi, sia in forma gratuita sia a p a g am e nto.

The art of historiography in China, like any other country, is influenced by the country's culture. In China, at least from centuries before Confucius, tradition was the basis of popular culture, which naturally influenced the thoughts of Chinese historians. One of the most important traditions influencing the minds of Chinese historians was the traditional Chinese worldview, which survived for centuries. While other countries took their name from the tribes that inhabited their land, the Chinese had called their country Zhongguo (Middle land) since the early centuries of the first millennium BC. The emergence of this idea, which originated from the cosmopolitan philosophy of ancient China, led the Chinese emperors to claim to be the 'Son of God' and to consider the surrounding countries as barbarians and tax collectors who should "come and develop". For example, the narrations of ancient Chinese historians about the Arsacid and Sasanids kings of Iran and West Asia emphasized that the kings of Iran always offered gifts to the Chinese emperors and even asked the emperor for help and guidance in the affairs of their country. Considering the importance of this claim, the present study intends to study the nature of the Iranian kings' interaction with Chinese emperors in Chinese texts by reading, comparing, and analyzing reports of Chinese texts and examining the nature of this claim. The author of the present study assumes that the idea of Zhongguo was used by Chinese historians in their work 'to offer' gifts to Chinese emperors only to emphasize the central position of their emperors. The author believes that, according to the idea of the Middle Kingdom, the phrase 'to offer gifts' was deliberately used by Chinese historians, merely, to emphasize 'the central position of their emperors'.

This paper is written to report the result of the recent survey of the lashed-lug boatbuilding technology in the Southeast Asian region. In addition to desk-based assessments, investigations were undertaken at Khlong Thom in the south of Thailand, Chau Tan remains in central Vietnam, and Butuan in the south of the Philippines. This project aims to observe the variety of the lashed-lug boatbuilding to better understand meaningful, technical connections.

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine demonstrated how crucial long-range capabilities are in modern warfare. After a brief overview of Ukraine and Russia’s situation in this area at the beginning of the hostilities as well as the Western policy over missile supplies to Ukraine, this paper analyses how Ukraine has focused on the development of domestic long-range munitions to pursue a more autonomous strategic interdiction campaign against Russia, increasing its future deterrence potential. The study also discusses what implications these projects could have on future European missile capabilities in the context of an uncertain security environment and increased disengagement from the United States vis a vis European security.