Macroeconomics

This paper analyzes the determinants of scal policies during the Covid-19 crisis. Using the robust regression MM-estimator for 180 countries we have found that GDP per capita, quantitative easing, debt to GDP ratio, trade openness and total revenue had a positive and a statistically signi cant impact on the scal policy responses, while unemployment rate and current account balance had a negative one. Furthermore, we have shown that the proportion of the population aged 65 and above had a positive in uence on the size of scal packages. In contrast, factors such as political stability, absence of violence, and political ideology had no discernible impact on the allocation of scal aid. The outcomes of our ndings carry substantial implications and offer valuable insights for authorities and policymakers.

The aim of this study was to build a price model for premium and medium rice in South Sumatra Province, being a major centre for production in Indonesia. This was estimated using the ARCH/GARCH model, based on the weekly data obtained between March 2016 and July 2019. The results showed the occurrence of price volatility for premium and medium variety, despite the polity implementation by government. Therefore, the best volatility model was identified, termed TGARCH (1,1), with a threshold of 1, characterized by futuristic price predictability. In addition, the estimations provide an overview, and also serve as a material for policy evaluation, in order to enhance effectivity and promote the actualization of goals.

The real estate sector is a fundamental pillar of global economic stability, yet it remains highly vulnerable to macroeconomic fluctuations and market crashes. Traditional risk assessment methodologies often fail to account for the complex, non-linear relationships between economic indicators and real estate dynamics. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, predictive modeling has emerged as a powerful tool for forecasting real estate market crashes. This research explores AI-driven predictive techniques by analyzing key macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth, interest rates, inflation, unemployment, foreign direct investment, and government regulations. Using machine learning models such as time-series forecasting, deep learning, and feature engineering, the study constructs a framework to improve predictive accuracy and early warning signals for market instability. Empirical findings suggest that AI models outperform traditional forecasting methods, offering valuable insights for investors and policymakers. This study concludes with strategic recommendations for integrating AI-driven analytics into real estate investment risk management.

This study investigates the effect of co-worker support and role clarity on work engagement among staff members of Federal Colleges of Education in Northern Nigeria. Drawing upon a structural equation modelling (SEM) framework, a survey-based, cross-sectional research technique was employed to examine these interrelated constructs. The study found significant relationships between co-worker support and work engagement, role clarity and work engagement: demonstrating the pivotal role of supportive work relationships and clear roles in enhancing work engagement. Furthermore, this study explores the moderating influence of role clarity, shedding light on how well-defined job roles can amplify or attenuate the impact of co-worker support on work engagement. The study found that role clarity significantly moderated the relationship between co-worker support and work engagement. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on employee well-being and organizational dynamics, offering insights that can inform strategies for enhancing work engagement in educational institutions in Northern Nigeria and beyond. This study underscores the importance of fostering supportive work environments and the need for organizations to provide clear and well-defined job roles for their employees to maximize their engagement and productivity.

The report team would like to thank the many CRS staff memberson the ground in Africa's oil-producing countries and in headquarters in Baltimore -who supported the development of, and contributed to, the report. We are especially grateful to

In today's complex workplaces, good leadership is crucial for making employees do their jobs better. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Loyalty in the relationship between Leadership Effectiveness and Task Performance. While previous research has shed light on how leadership affects task performance, this study goes a step further by investigating how feeling supported and being loyal to the organization come into play. For this purpose, researchers have used a self-administered questionnaire and sampled 193 nurses in eight hospitals in Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq about their experiences. The researchers used SMARTPLS using structure equation modeling to investigate the objective of the research. The study's ndings show that loyalty and organizational support serve as pivotal assets in mediating the relationship between leadership effectiveness and task performance. Loyal employees are highly motivated and engaged, leading to enhanced productivity, while organizational support creates a positive work environment, fostering job satisfaction and performance being loyal and feeling supported by the organization really matter when it comes to how good leadership affects job performance loyal employees work harder, and when the organization supports them, they feel happier and work better. This study provides valuable insights for organizations aiming to optimize their leadership strategies to enhance employee performance and satisfaction in complex and dynamic work environments.

This article documents the sizable forecast errors that have been made in relation to the economic recession in Greece by major policy-shaping international organizations, as well as Greek research centres and the Greek government. All were very optimistic with disastrous policy implications as the success of the country's bailout loans was based on assumptions resting on some of these forecasts. The authors look into the predictions made at the beginning of 2013 for each GDP component and estimate what might happen under the worst, best and medium case scenario predictions regarding each component. They also analyse the available macroeconomic figures using both the autoregressive integrated moving average model and traditional macroeconomic models and find that any prediction regarding the Greek GDP contraction rate can lie in the 2.9-7.2% range, which illustrates the high degree of uncertainty surrounding the predictions. To address the recession and help the economy return to growth, a number of policy recommendations are made. To ameliorate the technical forecast problem, a range of methodological improvements is needed.

World Health Organization (WHO) termed coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-2019, then declared it as a pandemic. It was documented that survivors of COVID-19 were at risk of developing anxiety, depression, and insomnia. This study was carried out to report on prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and identifying some determinants. A total of 120 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Their age was 22 to 91 years giving male to female ratio of 1.6:1. They were selected conveniently (they were hospitalized in Al-Shafa center). The hospital anxiety and depression scale was used. Out of the total, 66% and 52.9% were showing anxiety and depression, respectively. Elderly COVID-19 patients were significantly prone for anxiety and depression (p = 0.0001 for both). No significant difference in anxiety and depression between males and females (p=0.8 and 0.7, respectively). Number of children was not significantly affect anxiety and depression (p=0.6 and 0.1, respectively). Marital status was without any impact on anxiety and depression (p=0.3 and 0.4, respectively). Education level had no impact on anxiety and depression (p=0.6 and 0.2, respectively). History of mental illness was not affecting anxiety (p=0.3) and significantly affect depression (p=0.0008). High rates of anxiety and depression were noticed. Elderly patients more significantly prone to anxiety and depression. Sex, size of family, and education level were not affecting anxiety and depression. History of mental illness significantly affects depression.

In this paper we derive a new model on exchange rate response to a lasting higher interest rate level. Contemporary models do not provide a convincing explanation for this relationship, but recent research suggests that models based on demand-pull effects to be somewhat confined to small funding cost increases. This would make cost-push effects more relevant when the interest rate differential (IRD) is larger and longer-lasting. The new model accounts for cost-push effects and suggests that a persistent higher IRD can evoke multiple responses, including currency depreciation, specialization, inflation, and wage drift. The model suggests that excessive long-lasting IRD can spark a chronic interaction between inflation and currency depreciation. Empirical data substantiate the prediction capability of the new model. We also demonstrate how the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) principle is a special case, which can explain its empirical research anomalies, and when carry trade is a profitable investment strategy.

Die Hochrüstung soll zum neuen Wirtschaftsmotor werdenwenn deutsche Autos weniger gefragt sind, setzt man eben auf Panzer.Thomas Imo/imago Deutschland stehen turbulente Zeiten bevor. Die Grundlage künftiger Regierungskrisen bilden die Umbrüche in der Grundstruktur der deutschen Wirtschaft und ihrer Wachstumsstrategien und Auswirkungen auf den Lebensstandard der lohnarbeitenden Bevölkerung. Das gesellschaftliche Klima war schon vor Corona-Krise und Ukrainekrieg nicht rosig. Aber bis 2020 war Deutschland bloß eine Abstiegsangstgesellschaft: Nicht reale Einkommensverluste, sondern die Angst vor Statusverlust dominierte und ließ viele rechts

In this case report, real-time neuropsychological testing (RTNT) and music listening were applied for resections in the left temporal–parietal lobe during awake surgery (AS). The case is based on a 66-year-old with glioblastoma and alterations in expressive language and memory deficit. Neuropsychological assessment was run at baseline (2–3 days before surgery), discharge from hospital (2–3 days after surgery), and follow-up (1 month and 3 months). RTNT was started before beginning the anesthetic approach (T0) and during tumor excision (T1 and T2). At T0, T1, and T2 (before performing neuropsychological tests), music listening was applied. Before AS and after music listening, the patient reported a decrease in depression and anxiety. During AS, an improvement was shown in all cognitive parameters collected at T0, T1, and T2. After the excision and music listening, the patient reported a further decrease in depression and anxiety. Three days post surgery, and at follow-ups of one mont...

The study examined the impact of government social spending on poverty reduction in Nigeria for the period 1981-2020 with time series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Poverty (household consumption expenditure) was specified as a function of social capital Spending, social recurrent Spending, Inflation rate, and Unemployment. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test shows that all the time series data were stationary at first difference (I(1)). The result of the Johansen cointegration proves evidence of long run relationship among the variables. The result of the Fully Modified OLS indicates that: government capital spending on social goods and services has significant impact on poverty reduction in Nigeria; government recurrent spending on social goods and services has significant impact on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The Granger causality result shows that there is a uni-directional causality relationship running from government capital spen...

Over the past few decades, while trade has contributed significantly to economic growth in various economies including India, openness has also exposed them to vagaries of external shocks. While recent global financial crisis (GFC) essentially originated in advanced economies, it got transmitted to emerging market economies through three main channels viz., financial, trade, and confidence channel. Relatively, while financial channel

Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica acerca de los métodos que se han utilizado en las últimas dos décadas para predecir Índices Bursátiles. Los métodos estudiados van desde aquellos que logran capturar las características lineales presentes en los índices de bolsa, pasando por los que se enfocan en las características no lineales y finalmente métodos híbridos que son más robustos, pues capturan características lineales y no lineales. Además, se incluyen aquellos métodos que utilizan variables macroeconómicas para predecir los índices de diferentes Bolsas de Valores en el mundo.

Bu calismanin amaci, Aralik 1995 – Kasim 2011 donemini verilerini kullanarak, hisse senedi fiyatlari ile hisse senedi fiyatlarini etkiledigi dusunulen Enflasyon, Para arzi, Doviz sepeti, Altin fiyatlari, Hazine bonosu faiz orani ve GSMH’yi temsilen Sanayi uretim endeksi gibi literaturde kabul edilmis bazi makroekonomik degiskenler arasindaki iliskileri, coklu regresyon modeli, korelasyon analizi ve Granger Nedensellik testleri yardimiyla iliski, iliski yonu ve siddeti seklinde arastirmak ve hisse senedi fiyatlarinin hareketlerinin nelerden etkilendigini ortaya koymaktir. Calismadan elde edilen sonuclara gore, hazine bonosu faiz oranlari ve doviz kurunun hisse senedi fiyatlarini etkileyen en onemli degiskenler oldugu, para arzi ve SUE ile BIST endeksi arasinda pozitif bir iliski oldugu, TUFE’nin ise BIST Endeksini neredeyse hic etkilemedigi saptanmistir.

Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) played an important role in cushioning the downturn in cross border trade to emerging market economies during the economic and financial crisis that started in the fall 2008. In addition to facilitating trade during times of crisis, ECAs can also help companies in emerging countries access long term funding and at lower interest rate than they could access locally. This can also help companies modernize their processing lines, especially those engaged in capital intensive activities, and enable economies in transition increase the value added of their industries. This article discusses the role of ECAs in facilitating cross border trade to emerging markets as well as the economic rationale for the existence of such agencies. It also demonstrates how selected risk mitigation instruments of ECAs, namely: (i) buyer credit guarantee, (ii) supplier credit guarantees and (iii) export loans have been applied in practice to facilitate investment and innovations in the food sector. Finally cases are presented that highlight how companies have used the service of ECAs, for example, to obtain better terms, including longer term loans and/or lower interest rates.

This paper examines the exchange rate sensitivity and its determinants with special focus on the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector . The motivation for this study is driven by the exposure of Nigeria's exchange rate and economy excessively to external shocks as revealed by the effects of the recent global economic crisis on Nigeria. In doing this, Error Correction Model (ECM), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) testand the Johansen co-integration technique were adopted to examine the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on Nigeria's manufacturing sector. The variables employed include: Average Official Exchange Rate of Naira vis-à-vis US Dollar and Nominal Effective Exchange Rate Indices, interest rate, inflation rate, Balance of Payment (BOP), real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), manufacturing index of ordinary shares listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, and average manufacturing capacity utilisation rates. The result of the empirical analyses showed that the Nigerian manufacturing sector is not sensitive to exchange rate fluctuations in the long-run. Also, it was found that interest rate and Gross Domestic Product are the main determinants of exchange rates in Nigeria but interest rateis insignificant in the determination of exchange rate in the country. Some of the recommendations made in this study are that: the monetary authorities should maintain stability of the exchange rates through proper management so as to encourage local production, the monetary authorities must endeavour to force the interest rate down and continue to advocate for priority lending to the manufacturing firms. Equally, the government must continue to discourage importation in order to maintain exchange rate stability.

This study aims to analyze the performance of Banana chips supply chain management in Dahlia MSMEs, Gorontalo City in August-September 2022. This research method is a case study using primary and secondary data types. Data analysis techniques used in this study is the analysis of Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) which then the calculation results will be compared with the data Benchmark. The results showed that of the 4 attributes with 7 assessment indicators only 4 indicators are in the superior category, namely perfect order fulfillment, delivery performance, cash to cash cycle and order fulfillment cycle while the other 3 indicators are volume flexibility, lead time and daily inventory are in the advantage category with the total cost used for Banana chips supply chain process is IDR. 7,560,000 in one production process. The impact for managerial is because the lead time that has not reached a superior position has a strong relationship with volume flexibility where long waiting times will result in the inability of the supply chain to maintain the flexibility of production volume, of course, this will have an impact on daily inventory, because it still have to wait for the schedule for the delivery of raw materials plus the production and marketing process.

The goal of most empirical studies in econometrics and other social sciences is to determine whether a change in one variable causes a change in or helps to predict another variable. Granger causality modeling approach is quite popular in experimental and nonexperimental fields which involve some dynamic econometric time series methodologies. In this paper, Granger causality and co-integration tests were employed in the empirical modelling of seven economic indicators in Nigeria. The results alternated between bidirectional, uni-directional and no causality among the economic indicators considered. Prior to the Granger causality tests, we tested for stationarity in the variables using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) procedure. The variables proved to be integrated of either I(1) or I(2). Johansen co-integration test reveals that at 5% level of significance, we have at least four co-integrating pairs among the variables. This verifies the fact that when two or more time series are ...

Sleep quality is linked to disordered eating, obesity, depression, and weight-related functioning. Most research, however, has focused on clinical populations. The current study investigated relationships between sleep quality, disordered eating, and patterns of functioning in a community sample to better understand relationships among modifiable health behaviors. Participants (N = 648) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk completed assessments of eating, depression, weight-related functioning, and sleep. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (M = 27.3, SD = 6.9). Participants were on average 37.6 years (SD = 12.3), primarily female (65.4%), and White, not Hispanic (72.7%). Over half of participants endorsed poor sleep quality, and average sleep scores were above the clinical cutoff for poor sleep quality. Sleep scores were significantly positively correlated with disordered eating, depression, and weight-related functioning, even after adjusting for age, body mass index, and sex. Multivariate regression models predicting weight-related functioning and depression showed that both sleep quality and disordered eating independently predicted depression. Sleep quality did not independently predict weight-related functioning; however, disordered eating did. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess sleep behaviors, disordered eating, and weight-related functioning in a community sample of weight diverse participants. Results indicate that most participants endorsed poor sleep quality, which was associated with disordered eating patterns, including binge eating and poorer weight-related functioning, even after controlling for body mass index, highlighting that this relationship exists across the weight spectrum. These results speak to the importance of health behavior assessment and intervention within nonclinical samples. Level of evidence Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies

Organizational culture can be interpreted as the integrity of the values, procedures or methods that are followed and can be created as a guide both individually and collectively in an organizational institution. The organization will pay attention to progress and development, if the organizational culture or habits in an organizational institution are organized and also run well. This study aims to examine in depth related to how to build an organizational culture in an Islamic educational institution. The method used in this study is the method of literature or library research. The results of the study show that an organization has a very important role for Islamic education institutions, namely related to student motivation and achievement, achievement of educational quality, as well as job satisfaction and teacher productivity. This is very appropriate to be used as a reference for educational organizations in an Islamic perspective to achieve a desired goal.

This study aims to determine the yield potential of sweet potato in production centers such as Blitar, Malang and Mojokerto. In addition, this study also aims to identify clones that have high yield potential for sweet potato in production centers such as Blitar, Malang and Mojokerto. This study also aims to determine stable and adaptive clones in these three regions. The study was conducted from April to July 2020. The planting material used in this study included 3 hybrid sweet potato clones, including BIS-OP-61-OP-37, BIS OP-61-♂-13, Beta 2-♀-29 and 2 control varieties, namely Beta-2 and Sari. The research design used RBD (Randomized Block Design) with 3 sweet potato clones as the main ingredient and 2 varieties as a comparison material. The test used in this study was repeated 3 times, so that 15 plots were obtained at each location and 45 plots at 3 locations. Data analysis used combined analysis of variance as well as stability and adaptability tests. Clone BIS OP-61-♂-13 was a stable and adaptive clone at all locations on the characters of tuber weight, stover weight, tuber yield and stover yield. Clone BIS OP-61-OP-37 clone which was unstable but had the highest average tuber weight and tuber yield at 3 locations. Clone BIS OP-61-♂-13 is a stable and adaptive clone with lower tuber yield BIS OP-61-OP-37.

IntroductionAs relatively little is known about self-efficacy and social support in individuals aged 65 years and older and whether they are facing a decline in life due to multimorbidity and previous COVID-19 infection, this study investigated hypotheses based on Social Cognitive Theory.MethodsIt was tested whether depressive symptoms in multimorbid patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and recover post infection during their hospital stay, do not differ from those of multimorbid patients hospitalized for other conditions. Furthermore, we tested whether depressive symptoms are associated with increased loneliness scores, low self-efficacy beliefs, and poorly perceived social support. Additionally, it was investigated whether self-efficacy is a mediator variable, and social support is a moderator variable between loneliness and depression. N = 135 patients with or without previous COVID-19 infection (mean age 64.76) were recruited. Paper questionnaires were collecte...

IntroductionAs relatively little is known about self-efficacy and social support in individuals aged 65 years and older and whether they are facing a decline in life due to multimorbidity and previous COVID-19 infection, this study investigated hypotheses based on Social Cognitive Theory.MethodsIt was tested whether depressive symptoms in multimorbid patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and recover post infection during their hospital stay, do not differ from those of multimorbid patients hospitalized for other conditions. Furthermore, we tested whether depressive symptoms are associated with increased loneliness scores, low self-efficacy beliefs, and poorly perceived social support. Additionally, it was investigated whether self-efficacy is a mediator variable, and social support is a moderator variable between loneliness and depression. N = 135 patients with or without previous COVID-19 infection (mean age 64.76) were recruited. Paper questionnaires were collecte...

IntroductionAs relatively little is known about self-efficacy and social support in individuals aged 65 years and older and whether they are facing a decline in life due to multimorbidity and previous COVID-19 infection, this study investigated hypotheses based on Social Cognitive Theory.MethodsIt was tested whether depressive symptoms in multimorbid patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and recover post infection during their hospital stay, do not differ from those of multimorbid patients hospitalized for other conditions. Furthermore, we tested whether depressive symptoms are associated with increased loneliness scores, low self-efficacy beliefs, and poorly perceived social support. Additionally, it was investigated whether self-efficacy is a mediator variable, and social support is a moderator variable between loneliness and depression. N = 135 patients with or without previous COVID-19 infection (mean age 64.76) were recruited. Paper questionnaires were collecte...

Savings and investment are key requirements for growth and development. Savings and investment have been considered as two critical macro-economic variables with microeconomic foundations for achieving price stability and promoting employment opportunities thereby contributing to sustainable economic growth. Since independence Indian economy has been moved from a moderate growth path of 1950-1980 to a higher growth trajectory since 1980s. Over the last four decades, Indian economy has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies of the world. This paper considers savings, investment and economic growth for India using annual time series data for the period 1991/92 to 2017/18. The study make use of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to test for cointegration and Error correction based Granger causality analysis for investigate the causality between the variables. Data for Gross Domestic Savings (GDS) and Gross Domestic Investment (GDI) were taken from the National Accounts Statistics of India and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was taken Reserve Bank of India. The study finds that saving explicitly determines investment in both the short and long runs and there is no evidence is found to support the usually accepted growth models in India, that investment is the engine of economic growth.

Crude oil has become a prominent indicator for economic activities worldwide, due to its outstanding importance in the supply of the world's energy demands. Many economists believe that there is a strong relationship between the growth rate of a country and oilprices. As such we attempt to investigate the determinants of aggregate energy demand in two economies based on both real energy price and real gross domestic product (RGDP). The data used in this study covers that of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) member countries. Intense findings of this empirical study are that in long-run oil-prices and Real GDP have significant impacts on energy demand for the OECD's. While for the OPEC region a moderate impact was found. The short-run result for both OPEC and OECD corresponds to what Keynesian vein assumes -prices are rigid in a short-run‖.

Purpose: This article studies the effects of public expenditure on economic growth in Latin America countries (LAC), especially the role played by foreign aid and public and private investment. Design/methodology/approach: Granger causality approach and Fixed effect method. Findings: There is bidirectional causality between investment climate improvement, domestic investment and economic growth. Also, private investment, population growth rate, investment climate improvement and corruption reduction lead these countries economic growth. Research limitations/implications: In these countries, to manage economic growth governments have to pay attention on population growth rate , level of corruption, domestic and private investment. Originality/value: There are numerous studies regarding the impact of public spending on economic growth, but this study focus on developing countries especially on one area which is Latin America Countries. Also, it shows that, additionally to private inve...

The ongoing evaluation of graduate programs (GP) is an important tool for improving the landscape of scientific knowledge and technological development in Brazil. The objective of this article was to develop a model for analyzing the scientific production of GP, based on interaction network resources with a focus on environmental sciences, for the purpose of detecting patterns and connections existing among these networks. The scope of the analysis was broad, encompassing all 112 GP, in addition to courses in the field of Environmental Sciences offered by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), during the period from 2013 to 2016. The methodology was divided into four stages: 1. data collection and database construction (public information obtained by consulting the Sucupira Platform -CAPES); 2. data mining and processing, and the creation of an overarching network to represent the most relevant terms and themes common to all GP materials produced (theses, dissertations, research projects, articles, books, and book chapters); 3.

Introduction: scientific publications are considered the final step of a research and are an excellent tool to characterize the scientific output of a university. Objective: to characterize the scientific production of the faculty of the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Miguel Enriquez", based on their scientific publications, in the period 2016-2022. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, observational, descriptive study was carried out. The universe was constituted by the publications of the faculty professors, grouped by teaching departments. Articles, complete books and chapters, and monographs were included. The publications were analyzed according to the time of dedication of the professor to the teaching activity, and annual indexes of scientific productivity were calculated. Results: a total of 845 scientific publications were counted in a faculty composed of 444 professors from 17 teaching departments. In a quarter of them, the main author was from the Diagnostic Means department. The number of authorships per professor was 1487 during the period, with the Clinical Sciences Department standing out. Most of the works were published in journals indexed in prestigious international databases (Groups I-II), with a predominance of publications by full-time professors. The highest indicators of annual productivity, both per department and per professor, were obtained by the Diagnostic Means and Graduate and Research departments. Professors with a scientific degree and full professors and researchers were the most productive. Conclusions: The analysis of seven years of scientific publications of the faculty of the "Miguel Enriquez" Faculty shows that there is a diminished scientific production, which mainly corresponds to the professors of higher rank or category.

Postpartum depression atau depresi pasca persalinan merupakan masalah komplikasi seorang ibu setelah dirinya melahirkan yang umum terjadi pada angka 10-15% dari populasi wanita, dan meningkat menjadi 10-25% dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun. Faktor-faktor yang memicu terjadinya postpartum depression antara lain kurangnya wawasan masyarakat tentang depresi pasca melahirkan, stigma negatif dari masyarakat terhadap ibu depresi, kesehatan mental ibu pasca melahirkan yang belum menjadi prioritas di Indonesia, dan didukung oleh pelayanan mental pasca melahirkan yang belum tersedia banyak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya depresi pasca melahirkan yang dialami ibu dengan menggunakan pendekatan alam pada fasilitas edukasi dan perawatan pasca melahirkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif serta metode desain arsitektur keseharian dengan pendekatan alam. Depresi pasca melahirkan dapat dicegah dengan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang depresi pasca melahirkan dan mempersiapkan calon orang tua menghadapi adaptasi peran setelah melahirkan, serta melalui perawatan pasca melahirkan. Pendekatan alam pada fasilitas edukasi dan perawatan pasca melahirkan dengan menghadirkan elemen-elemen alam pada objek rancangan dapat meningkatkan kebahagiaan ibu pasca melahirkan guna mencegah terjadinya postpartum depression, seperti menghadirkan interactive garden, fitur air, memaksimalkan aliran udara dan pencahayaan alami melalui bukaan dan void pada ruang, penggunaan material alami seperti kayu, serta rancangan yang memiliki koneksi dengan alam dapat meningkatkan kebahagiaan ibu pasca melahirkan guna mencegah terjadinya postpartum depression.

Using a national representative survey of households from Peru, this paper characterizes workers' decisions to participate in a pension system, which indicates labor formality. Empirical findings show that a worker's income level has a positive impact on his or her likelihood to participate. To account for these findings, a three-period overlapping generations model with liquid and illiquid assets is implemented. In the model, voluntary participation in the pension system is unattractive to individuals with income under a certain threshold. The retention of illiquid assets, such as pension funds, are not optimal given income constraints. Thus, the liquidity constraint set by a pension system with a mandatory savings policy induces these workers to choose informality. Acknowledgements: Special thanks to Kaiji Chen, David T. Jacho-Chavez and Karen Kopecky for their guidance and valuable advice. Thanks to the editor John P. Conley, associate editor Julio Davila and two anonymou...

Given the country's advantageous agro-climatic conditions that promote the development of premium mango types, Nepal's mango industry has attracted a lot of interest. To examine the trade dynamics of Nepalese mangoes, this study will look at production trends, varietal diversity, post-harvest procedures, and problems with market access. The complex regulatory system that governs mango exports and the numerous difficulties that mango growers and exporters face are given special attention. These difficulties include market access difficulties, logistical bottlenecks, infrastructure constraints, and the unavoidable requirement for conformity with international quality standards. The tremendous prospects that still exist for increasing mango exports from Nepal are also highlighted by this study. These include taking advantage of nearby markets like India, broadening product lines with value-added mango products, and taking advantage of the rising demand for organic and exotic fruits around the world. The report also emphasizes how crucial government support programs and public-private partnerships have been in promoting the expansion of the mango trade.

In recent times, equity and house prices in the Netherlands have soared. By late 1997 the AEX index of the Amsterdam Exchanges hovered around the 900 mark, having started the year at 634, reaching a maximum of 1011 on 7th August. House prices went up some 10% in 1996, a rate of increase that continued in the first half of 1997. This has led many to wonder whether in the early months of 1997 the Netherlands was subject to asset inflation. Asset inflation (or an asset bubble) occurs when the prices of financial assets rise above their underlying or intrinsic value.

Today's priority in construction lies in three primary areas: ecology, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It means that the most important task it to construct environmental, energy-efficient and costeffective buildings and structures. To erect houses having such characteristics, primary elements of a structure (brick block, etc.) must be made subject to the conditions that provide for the above characteristics. The prevailing trend in construction is the production of environmental, energyefficient and cost-effective construction materials. This research is intended to develop an energy efficient procedure to make heat-insulating materials based on crushed cotton plant stems. To achieve this goal, the authors have addressed the following issues: describing the process of making a heatinsulating material based on crush cotton plant stems; analysis of energyefficient characteristics of manufacturing materials based on crushed cotton plant stems; and analysis of environmental friendliness of such a material. The research applies the deductive method based on mathematical modelling. The subject of the research is the procedure to make a material based on crushed cotton plant stems. The primary conclusion and outcome of this research is that papercrete based on crushed cotton plant stems has such advantages as cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and low resource demand in manufacturing and operation. The resulting strength of papercrete allows using it as a heat insulating material to erect low-rise buildings.

The EU and the US are involved currently in discussions of what is called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Up to now, there have been several attempts to assess the economic impact of the TTIP, both at the EU-wide level and for some of the EU countries. None of these studies, however, pays any attention to the potential impact of the TTIP on every EU country, which is the main aim of this paper. In a nutshell, the main findings indicate that the effects of the TTIP agreement are going to be small, albeit positive, and not equally distributed. More specifically, the most developed countries tend to be those that, potentially, will undergo a higher increase in their trade with the US, so they are more likely to reap benefits from the TTIP than the less developed countries. This being so, the TTIP will (weakly) increase cross-country disparities.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a global mental health crisis. Yet, we know little about the lasting effects of COVID-19 infection on mental health. This prospective longitudinal study aimed to investigate the trajectories of mental health changes over time in individuals infected with COVID-19 and to identify potential predictors that may influence these changes. Methods A web-survey that targeted individuals that had been infected with COVID-19 was used at three time-points: T0 (baseline), T1 (six months), and T2 (twelve months). The survey included demographics, questions related to COVID-19 status, previous psychiatric diagnosis, post-COVID impairments, fatigue, and standardized measures of depression, anxiety, insomnia. Results A total of 236 individuals completed assessments and was included in the longitudinal sample. The results revealed notable changes in mental health outcomes over time. The trajectory of depression showed significant improvement over time w...

East African Community member states have embarked on various strategies to reduce interest rates in the region to boost investment so as to accelerate economic growth. However, despite the many reforms, the interest rates are far higher than in other countries in Africa, which are more developed. In an attempt to bolster investment, these states have increased public debt rapidly, exceeding the debt ratio of 50 per cent of Gross Domestic Product as provided in their treaty. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of public debt on interest rates in selected East African Community member states. The study was anchored on the loanable fund model and used a descriptive panel research design. The dataset was drawn from World Development Indicators and Penn World Tables for the period 1980 to 2020. The dataset was drawn from secondary sources: World Bank's World Development Indicators, Penn World Tables, Economic Surveys and Statistical s for the period 1980 to 2...

This paper investigates the returns of higher education on economic growth of Pakistan from 1972 to 2008 through the application of Cobb-Douglas production function. The prime objective of the study is to identify and establish a link between the higher education and economic growth of Pakistan. For this purpose the impact of higher education enrollment on economic growth is analyzed. An attempt is made, in this study, to analyze the educational trends, the strategies and challenges for higher educational and its role in overall development in the country. Furthermore, the study also delves that a well educated labor force appears to significantly affluence the economic growth. The research also provides some implications for the policy purpose to develop higher education so as to curb the use of expatriate manpower in different sectors of the economy.

Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The views stated herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland or of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Working papers are now available electronically through the Cleveland Feds home page on the World Wide Web: .

In the context of measuring the effects of structural policy, the analysis of the relation of economic growth and inflation is essential for the economy of the Republic of Serbia. The high inflation rate for years has caused macroeconomic instability in the Serbian economy. We examine the effects of inflation on growth in the case of Serbia. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to examine the link between inflation and economic growth. As an appropriate methodological framework for establishing the long run relationship (cointegration) between variables, we used ARDL model, while Toda-Yamamoto procedure was used for testing the short run causality. The period of observation was from Q1 2007 to Q3 2014. The results showed the presence of the cointegration between variables in the long run, and that in the short run a unidirectional causality from inflation to economic growth was present. According to the result of the conducted empirical study, it can be noted that the price stability is essential for the sustainable growth, although economic growth has been linked to the moderate increase of inflation in the short run.

In an unfavourable environment, best management practices can greatly reduce the yield gap of many crops; however, the performance of best management practices on sunflower yield and economics in salt-affected low-intensive cropping areas of Bangladesh has yet to be determined. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivation in the coastal areas of Bangladesh faces significant challenges, such as increasing soil salinity in the sowing period, lack of sweet water for irrigation, an insufficient supply of quality seeds of high-yielding varieties, and inadequate farmers' knowledge of best production practices. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate management approaches and varieties to enhance the productivity of sunflowers in salt-affected regions. The study was conducted in two consecutive Rabi seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) in Benarpota, Satkhira, Bangladesh. The trial included two popular sunflower varieties (BARI sunflower 2, and SVS 00901) and three management practices (poor, moderate, and best management). Poor and moderate management practices were identified based on the farmers' survey in this area. The best management practices ware decided based on the BARI recommended practices. In both years, the seed yield of BARI sunflower 2 had 10-15% higher than the seed yield of the variety SVS 00901. The best management practices had 25-30% and 35-42% higher seed yields of sunflower than the moderate and poor management, respectively. The best management practices had always higher gross returns, and across varieties, it was 25-30% and 35-40% higher than the moderate and poor management practices resulting in 30-32% and 30-36% higher net return, respectively. Best management practices greatly reduced the salinity level of soil during the cropping period, hence, the salinity stress was comparatively lower than the poor and moderate management. Best management practices with quality sunflower varieties can boost the productivity and profitability of sunflower in coastal Bangladesh and can increase households' income by increasing the cropping intensity.

The January 14 revolution in Tunisia established a new stage in the balances of internal political action. The revolution came after 23 years of rule by the political system of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It ended with his greeting of power in favor of a comprehensive transitional period that began with the elections for the Constituent Assembly on October 23, 2011 that produced the troika, She ended up voting on the text of the new constitution on January 27, 2014,The article attempts to study the course of the Tunisian post-January 14 transition period and outline the roles of independent institutions in consolidating the foundations of the Tunisian national state.

Purpose: In Zimbabwe, 1 in 3 girls are married before 18, yet no studies focus explicitly on the relationship between child marriage and mental health. We conducted a pilot survey (n=100) to investigate the associations between common social factors linked to early and child marriage including: age, number of children, education level, unwanted pregnancies, and main source of income, with mental health Methods: Survivors aged 15-50 years completed researcher-facilitated surveys, which included the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and demographic questions adapted from the Zimbabwean DHS. Results: 68% of participants met the cut off for diagnosis of common mental disorders (CMD) based on the SSQ. Our logistic regressions showed with an increase in age, survivors were 1.06 times more likely (p = 0.05, CI = 1.00, 1.13) to meet criteria for a CMD. We also found that those with unwanted pregnancies were 5 times more likely to meet criteria for CMDs (AOR= 5.33, p < 0.01, CI= 1.94, 14.63), in comparison with those with wanted pregnancies. Finally, we found family/partner income reduced the odds of depression by 84% (AOR= 0.16, p < 0.04, CI= 0.03, 0.90), in comparison with those with no income or had selected 'own business/self' as their main income source. Conclusions: Findings suggest the value of longitudinal cohort studies in this population to identify the strategic point of intervention for survivors who face high risk for mental health disorders.

This research was conducted in the Bangka Belitung region specifically observing what criteria could support and hinder the development of home industries. The home industry is a small-scale industry generally carried out in the family sphere and is driven by women. Home industries need to receive support from the provincial government to survive and increase the scale of production. To make support for home industries more targeted, this research summarizes several criteria related to the conditions of home industries and the businesses they run. In Bangka Belitung Province, several types of businesses are run on a home industry scale. Based on the condition of the home industry which has multiple criteria and multiple alternatives, this research uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process method and Expert Choice software as data processing aids. The data processing results show that industrial business is the highest alternative with a weight of 24.7% and the highest criterion is strategy at 23.7%. These results indicate that the largest portion of home industry business actors is engaged in the industrial sector and to encourage the progress of the home industry the most important factor is strategy, namely understanding the type of business they are involved in, labor-intensive industries, paying attention to production factors, electricity capacity, and business operations. The next stage is to design a user interface for a web-based system as a means of collecting home industry data.

The first four decades of development strategy in India was characterized by the heavy regulation of the economy by the government. It was believed that the private sector in the economy either did not have the resources or the capacity and will to take on the big development projects needed to initiate development in a stagnant economy in the 1950s. However, by the late 1980s it was realized that the policies were not working and like many other countries India too switched gears from a Planned economic model to a one based on the primacy of the Markets and the private sector. The government, since the 8th Five Year Plan to the 12th Five Year Plan moved from a heavy-handed economic planning to an Indicative Planning. The centrality of the growth process is now well established in the development literature and the policy circles. Economic growth is now considered to be the primary driver of the development process with the state playing a redefined in the economy since the 1990s. The current development strategy combines a fine balance between the state and the market.

The aim of the article is to substantiate the functionality and ways to modernize early warning systems in banks as an instrument for anti-crisis management. It is proved that banking crises at the macro and micro levels are identified by: bank runs (banking panic), growth of interest rates on deposits and loans; provision of the State financial assistance to banks to avoid a systemic crisis; reorganization and restructuring in the banking system. It is proposed to consider early warning systems as an aggregate of methods and models that allow to identify potential and real signs of crisis phenomena in banks at the macro and micro levels, and to develop preventive measures of anti-crisis management at the early stages of manifestation. It is noted that the creation of an early warning model is a sequential process that includes three stages: preliminary modeling, modeling, and post-modeling. Such actions are directed towards defining the goals and objectives of the model, evaluating the model, and substantiating the initial representativeness of the model. An approach to systematization of early warning indicators with their division into external and internal ones has been developed. External indicators include: insufficient level of capitalization and profitability, high share of non-performing loans, banking risks, unsatisfactory asset quality, bank runs, imbalance of assets and liabilities in terms of amounts and terms, liquidity problems, and others. Internal indicators are as follows: low level of capitalization, quality of assets of an individual institution, deposit potential, liquidity, profitability, spread, etc. Approaches to improving early warning systems have been developed by modernizing them on the basis of artificial intelligence. ЕКОНОМІКА ФІНАНСИ, ГРОШОВИЙ ОБІГ І КРЕДИТ 287 БІЗНЕСІНФОРМ № 10_2023 www.business-inform.net An anti-crisis management instrumentarium in banks has been proposed, depending on the type and depth of the crisis. The instruments are systematized into non-market ones, which include emergency measures, restrictions on banking competition and the scope of activity, and market instruments -financial, operational and structural. Prospects for further research are the development of indicators for assessing the depth of the crisis at the macro and micro levels along with determining its level, substantiating strategic and tactical methods of anti-crisis management.

Smallholder farmers contribute over 85% of domestic agricultural output in Nigeria, hence, human labor accounts for the domestic food supply in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to continue supplying food for the ever-growing Nigerian population anchors on human labor productivity. In view of the importance of labor in agricultural production, this study was designed to investigate the structure and use pattern of farm labor in the study area. The study was carried out in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 160 farmers. After sorting for missing data, 144 cocoa farmers' data were used for analysis in this study. Seventy-five percent of the total respondents were above 50 years of age and about 25.0% of the total respondents were 50 years and below. The majority (79.2%) of the farmers were men. Also, 75.1% of the respondents had a formal level of education. In the study, contract type of labor is majorly used for most activities in cocoa farming while cooperative labor was seldomly used. Activities such as land clearing (75.0%), planting (83.3%), weeding (95.8%), application of chemicals (91.7%), removal of mistletoes (87.5%), harvesting of cocoa pods (87.5%), conveyance of cocoa pods to the pod breaking point (95.8%), breaking of cocoa pods (100%) and conveyance of cocoa beans to the point of fermentation (88.3%) were majorly carried out by contract labor. Male labor was mostly utilized for all the activities as indicated by most farmers. Female labor was sparingly utilized for some activities such as land clearing (8.3%), planting (0%), application of chemicals (8.3%), spraying of chemicals (4.2%), removal of mistletoes (0%) and harvesting of cocoa pods (12.5%). The study recommended that funds should be made available to farmers to engage in contract labor and also there should be the need to use equipment and machinery to reduce drudgery.