Labor Economics

This article challenges prevailing views about the collapse of the New Deal industrial relations system and the role of the market. It argues that the old system has been replaced not by the market but by an employment rights regime, in which the rules of the workplace are imposed by law, judicial opinions, and administrative rulings, supplemented by mechanisms at the enterprise level that are responsive to the law but also are susceptible to employee pressures, both individual and collective. The emergence of this regime is the product of a shift in the axes of social and political mobilization from mobilization around economic identities rooted in class, industry, occupation, and enterprise to identities rooted in the society outside the workplace: sex, race, ethnicity, age, disability, and sexual orientation. The shift in the axes of mobilization in turn reflects the collapse of the underlying model of social and economic organization upon which the collective bargaining regime w...

This study examined interest rate variations among banks in Ghana. The objective of the study was to estimate the key driving factor(s) that influences interest rate spreads in Ghana. It was also the aim of this study to examine the impact of the 2008/2009 financial crises on this relationship, to know whether ownership (foreign and local banks) differences in this relationship is significant and to know whether age of the bank determines their interest rate spread. The study used an unbalanced panel of all 28 banks from 2000 to 2011. The fixed effect estimation technique was employed throughout the analysis of data. The study found that, for bank specific variables, age of a bank was significant and a positive determinant of net interest margin while ownership structure had a significant negative impact on net interest margin. This suggests that banks that have been in operations in the country for a long time seem to enjoy higher interest margins while generally most of the foreig...

This paper synthesises and summarises theme one of the International Centre for Career Development Symposium in Trømsø 2019. This theme addresses the context and challenges for career development policy in the participating countries and is based on an analysis of the country papers. It is divided into three different parts. The first part presents and discusses key political, social, economic and technological issues that are likely to have an impact on people’s lives and careers in the participating countries. The second part presents and discusses policy interest in career development, where the focus is on whether and why the level of policy interest is growing, shrinking or staying the same in the participating countries. The third part presents and discusses the roles in which career development programmes and services play in addressing the contextual issues.

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In this study we aim to identify and measure the external returns to human capital in Brazil using information from the Ministry of Labor’s Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) on all urban agglomeration in the country for the period 2002-2014. With a two step estimation and using instrumental variables for identification we find a considerable effect of local human capital concentration on local wages. The set of results indicates that, in the case of brazilian labor market areas, the external returns to human capital are a 0.86% increase in local wages for an increase of one percentage point in college graduates. Consistent with theoretical expectations and similar to literature results, we also found that the impact of local human capital is stronger for unskilled than for skilled workers. Finally, results are robust and not equally distributed across sectors

Between 1880 and 1930, the employment rate of children ages 10 to 15 decreased by over 75% in the U.S. economy. During this period, several U.S. states dictated state-wide child labor legislation that imposed minimum age restrictions for employment in the manufacturing sector. The objective of this paper is to characterize whether this child labor legislation contributed to the decline in children labor market participation. Previous literature on this topic, such as Moehling (10) and Moehling (11), has utilized dierence-in-dierence estimation techniques to study the eectiveness of the child labor legislation in reducing child labor. We contribute to this literature in two ways. First, we show that, under the presence of general equilibrium eects such as the ones described by Basu and Van (3), dierence-in-dierence estimation techniques can provide a misleading measure of the eectiveness of the legislation. Second, in addition to evaluating whether the legislation was eective or not,...

This study aims to analyze the payroll accounting information system at Institute of Economic Science Balikpapan. The data obtained by the authors do research analysis of payroll accounting information systems used by Institute of Economic Science Balikpapan. This research method is to use primary data with data analysis technique through interview and observation at Institute of Economic Science of Balikpapan. Researchers make observations for 1 month to know the payroll accounting information system conducted Institute of Economic Science from attendance and attendance hours up to the obligations of employees on taxes and insurance. The results of the study that the College of Economics still use the manual system in payroll, so that the payroll is still waiting for completion time.

Globally, more than 70% of the labor force do not actively engage in the workplace. Disengaged employees are often absent, increase customer dissatisfaction, and decrease organizational profitability. Bank managers who fail to address employee disengagement risk organization profitability and competitive position. Grounded in Khan's engagement theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies bank managers use to promote employee engagement for increased organizational profitability. The participants comprised 5 bank managers from a single bank in Toronto, Canada, who successfully implemented employee engagement strategies to increase organizational profitability. Data were collected from semis-structured interviews, company documents, and journaled notes. Thematic analysis revealed 3 themes: training and development, effective internal communication and feedback, and reward and recognition. A key recommendation is that bank managers develop engagement strategies that promote employee engagement to increase performance and impact financial performance while considering employees' interests. The implications for positive social change include the potential for bank managers who increase profitability to increase charitable contributions to social causes such as cancer support and disaster relief as part of corporate social responsibility. Additionally, engaged employees who take pride in their company are likely to volunteer in company-related social initiatives, which could benefit the community.

Bu çalışmada, güncel verilerden yararlanılarak Türkiye geneli ile karşılaştırmalar yapılarak Kahramanmaraş ili özelinde seçilmiş sosyo-ekonomik gelişme göstergeleri ele alınmaktadır. Söz konusu veriler, vergi göstergeleri ile incelenerek Kahramanmaraş'ın hem ekonomik hem de sosyokültürel konumu değerlendirilmektedir. Yapılan betimsel analiz sonucunda, Kahramanmaraş ilinin hem ekonomik hem de sosyal göstergeler bakımından potansiyelinin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun çözüme kavuşturulması ve Kahramanmaraş'ın sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik seviyesinin artırılması için vergisel sistem uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi, sosyo-ekonomik gelişmeyi artıracak politikaların uygulanması, vergi bilincinin artırılmasına yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesinin önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

U no de los temas más complejos y relevantes en materia de política laboral en todo el mundo consiste en reducir el desempleo y a la vez crear empleos de buena calidad. Aunque este es un tema complejo, más complejo aún es definir y calcular la calidad del empleo. Si bien es cierto que son muchas las variables que inciden en la calidad del empleo, existe consenso sobre la definición de la calidad del empleo en cuanto a que el ingreso, los beneficios de la afiliación laboral, la estabilidad laboral y las características ocupacionales son las variables fundamentales que la determinan. En lo que respecta a la manera de calcular la calidad del empleo, en Colombia se han explorado al menos dos caminos: el índice sintético y el índice compuesto. No obstante, sin importar qué índice se utilice, es posible que exista una correlación positiva entre ingresos y educación que se transmita al índice, lo cual lleva a estimadores inconsistentes si no se tiene en cuenta dicha correlación. Cabe preguntar entonces si esta correlación muestra igual intensidad entre los trabajadores asalariados y los trabajadores independientes. De acuerdo con la

Examining the migration decision is a complex task given that migration is changing over time and multicausal complicated processes. This paper provides an overview of international migration globally and focusing mainly on Egypt as the most populated country in the Arab world. Moreover, it explores the determinants of international migration in Egypt based on a systematic review of empirical studies. To identify potential studies, we conducted searches of JSTOR, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases published between January 1, 1961 and January 31, 2020 using combinations of “determinants of migration” and “international migration in Egypt” search terms. Furthermore, an investigation of estimated migrant stock flows, and its determinants can provide fertile ground for potential migration forecasts through furnish some required indications for the demographic and economic analyses and assist policymakers in preparing legislative frameworks and adequate policy a...

The specific initiatives which led to the development of the Agrarian South Network and its intellectual engagements commenced at the turn of the century by the initiative of Sam Moyo. At this time, anti-imperialist struggles were once again on the rise to confront neoliberal hegemony after two decades of structural adjustment policies and only a few years after the demise of the Soviet Union. Rural and urban movements were emerging in national and international arenas in various forms and with diverse ideological orientations, but converging around demands for sovereignty over natural resources, agricultural land, and public goods. This was the time of the Zapatista Uprising, the People's War in Nepal, the Bolivarian Revolution, Zimbabwe's land reform, and the World Social Forum, as well as China's Going Out Policy and the coming together of the BRICS, among other formations. The historical conjuncture was, therefore, one of escalation of contradictions requiring systematic attention. Sam Moyo was as at the forefront of initiatives in tricontinental research as Vice President of the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA). The most consequential of these initiatives originated in Africa, driven by organizations such as CODESRIA and the Third World Forum led by Samir Amin, both This phase also saw the expansion of the editorial board of the journal with the participation of Lyn Ossome and Archana Prasad, as well as the expansion of the editorial board of the Research Bulletin. The Bulletin, in particular, which in its first three years was headed by Lyn Ossome and included Damián Lobos, Freedom Mazwi, and Manish Kumar, was restructured to function as a collective and expanded to include Abeer Abazeed, Luccas Gissoni, Max Ajl, and Sarah Raymundo in its editorial board, plus a larger team of associate editors drawn mainly from the annual Study Groups. Struggles of Working People Today positioning of the gender question has also enabled the asking of larger questions about the particularities of the social reproduction crisis in peripheral social formations and the specificity of the circuit of capital itself, in terms of the expansion of non-waged labour and systematic forms of super-exploitation. With these brief remarks on the trajectory and contributions of the Agrarian South Network, we invite our readers to engage with the critique of political economy for which we have fought for over the last two decades.

In the absence of perfect annuity markets, individual consumers generally undertake precautionary saving to provide resources for their future consumption in the event that they live longer than expected. Kotlikoff, Shoven, and Spivak (in this issue) (hereafter KSS) have provided us with a well-conceived and well-executed study of the effects of various annuity arrangements on individual and aggregate saving in the presence of lifetime uncertainty. Each of these authors has had a long-standing interest in this area, and their current paper reflects their accumulated expertise. Their results indicate that a potentially sizable fraction of U.S. household wealth represents precautionary saving resulting from the absence of perfect annuity market.

In the absence of perfect annuity markets, individual consumers generally undertake precautionary saving to provide resources for their future consumption in the event that they live longer than expected. Kotlikoff, Shoven, and Spivak (in this issue) (hereafter KSS) have provided us with a well-conceived and well-executed study of the effects of various annuity arrangements on individual and aggregate saving in the presence of lifetime uncertainty. Each of these authors has had a long-standing interest in this area, and their current paper reflects their accumulated expertise. Their results indicate that a potentially sizable fraction of U.S. household wealth represents precautionary saving resulting from the absence of perfect annuity market.

Günümüzde kentler tarihte görülmemiş bir biçimde eşitsizlikleri görünür kılmaktadır. Özellikle 1980 sonrası dönemde kentler, sermayenin yoğun baskı ve istilasına maruz kalmışlardır. Neo liberal politikalarla yeni ve karlı bir yatırım alanı olarak ele alınan kent, piyasanın ihtiyacına uygulan olarak dizayn edilmektedir. Kent yoksulları, bu dönüşüm süreçlerinden negatif etkilenen kişilerdir. Benzer bir çıkarım Türkiye'de yürütülen kentsel dönüşüm projeleri için de geçerlidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında kent yoksulluğu, mekânın dönüşümü üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda önce kent yoksulluğunun tarihsel sosyal içeriğinin kısa bir taraması yapılmış ve neoliberal politikaların mekan dönüşümü üzerinden kent yoksulluğunun yeni durumu incelenmiştir. Böylece, kentsel dönüşüm sonrasında kent yoksullarının maruz kaldığı yeni sosyal dışlanma ve ayrışma süreçlerinin ayrıntıları ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

This recognition is particularly meaningful because, at its heart, this is a work of labour history-yet today, it is being celebrated as the best book in business history. That speaks to the richness of interdisciplinary scholarship and the ever-evolving ways we think about work, industry, and power. I am deeply grateful to the selection committee for their openmindedness in recognizing a book that bridges disciplines and challenges traditional boundaries.

I am chairing Session #S4, “Labor, Infrastructure, and the Built Environment in the U.S.,” at the upcoming III International Congress on Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes: Architecture, Colonialism and Labour, scheduled for February 11-13, 2026, at the Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian @fcgulbenkian in #Lisbon.
Our session seeks to explore the significant contributions of diverse labor forces to the development of American infrastructure and urban landscapes. We invite scholars from architecture, urban studies, labor history, and related fields to submit papers on topics such as:
• The role of immigrant labor in construction projects
• Labor dynamics within public housing initiatives
• Environmental factors influencing infrastructure development
• Contemporary labor experiences in architecture and urban design
Through both historical and contemporary analyses, this session aims to broaden our understanding of the diverse influences that have shaped the built environment in the United States.
Submission Details:
• Call for Papers Period: March 20 – May 20, 2025
• Submission Guidelines and More Information: Please visit the official congress website: https://www.archlabour.com/call-for-papers
For additional information about the congress and other sessions, please refer to:
• Call for Sessions: https://www.archlabour.com/call-for-sessions
• ArchLabour Project: https://www.archlabour.com/

Nowadays teams are used in almost any organization as they are able to respond adequately to the changes from the business environment. Thus, the focus of this thesis is to analyse team working thoroughly by looking at individual team members satisfaction, ...

Karl Marx’s law of the falling rate of profit, as outlined in Capital Volume III, predicts an inevitable decline in profitability due to the increasing ratio of constant capital (c) to variable capital (v). If correct, this would render capitalism unsustainable in the long run. However, economists, including Paul Samuelson and Nobuo Okishio, have challenged Marx’s conclusion, arguing that rational capitalist behavior and technological advancements prevent a persistent decline in the profit rate. The widely accepted Okishio theorem asserts that cost-reducing technological progress raises profitability, contradicting Marx’s law.
Despite this, empirical studies by Shaikh and Tonak suggest that profitability has declined over time, supporting Marx’s thesis under certain conditions. The key issue lies in Marx’s assumption of a static product set—his analysis did not account for the introduction of new products. While cost-reducing technological advancements within a fixed product range may lead to falling profits, the creation of new products can sustain profitability. This omission makes Marx’s argument incomplete rather than incorrect. Thus, while Marxists have defended his theory, a more comprehensive framework is needed—one that integrates both cost-reducing and product-innovating technological progress into the analysis of capitalist profitability.

We report the impacts of a job training program operated in the Dominican Republic. A random sample of applicants was selected to undergo training, and information was gathered 10-14 months after graduation. Unfortunately, people originally assigned to treatment who failed to show up were not included in the follow-up survey, potentially compromising the evaluation design. We present estimates of the program effect, including comparisons that ignore the potential nonrandomness of "no-show" behavior, and estimates that model selectivity parametrically. We find little indication of a positive effect on employment outcomes but some evidence of a modest effect on earnings, conditional on working.

Worker voice entails the capacity of workers to speak up, articulate, and manifest collective agency to improve the terms and conditions of work and livelihoods and contribute to more equitable and democratic societies. Trade unions and collective bargaining most clearly fit this definition of voice. The question this report seeks to answer is: What are the most effective forms and mechanisms of worker voice in today’s global economy and growing non-standard and precarious work? Common jobs today include work in outsourced segments of global supply chains, the informal economy, authoritarian regimes, and sectors often not covered by labor laws, such as agriculture and domestic work. How might undocumented migrant workers—who live and work under the constant fear of deportation—organize and exercise voice? And how are effective worker voice and respect for rights to freedom of association related to efforts to reduce child labor? The report finds that mechanisms that enhance the ability of workers to elect, represent, protect, include, enable, and empower their members and their organizations are the most effective forms of voice. It explores this argument via seven case studies covering multiple economic sectors in diverse geographic areas. The report concludes by providing key considerations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. It also identifies research gaps, emphasizing that future research on worker voice is needed in under-studied regions of Africa, and Central and South America.

This paper analyzes the life-cycle career costs associated with child rearing and decomposes their effects into unearned wages (as women drop out of the labor market), loss of human capital, and selection into more child-friendly occupations. We estimate a dynamic life-cycle model of fertility, occupational choice, and labor supply using detailed survey and administrative data for Germany for numerous birth cohorts across different regions. We use this model to analyze both the male-female wage gap as it evolves from labor market entry onward and the effect of pro-fertility policies. We show that a substantial portion of the gender wage gap is explainable by realized and expected fertility and that the long-run effect of policies encouraging fertility are considerably lower than the short-run effects typically estimated in the literature.

Динамика роста численности занятых в неформальном секторе, зафиксированная Росстатом в последние годы, обоснованно вызывает беспокойство как управленцев, так и исследователей рынка труда. В статье реализуется попытка, опираясь на официальные статистические данные и интервью, проанализировать ряд кейсов, в которых информанты работали в неформальном секторе, и/или сочетали практики формальной и неформальной занятости. Исследование включенности жителей Санкт-Петербурга в неформальную занятость проводилось в рамках проекта «Траектории жизненных курсов петербуржцев в постсоветской России: межпоколенческий анализ». Неформальные практики рассматривались как компромиссы формальных правил и социальных норм, многообразие которых обусловлено неэффективностью отдельных законов трудового законодательства, слабости и избирательности фискального контроля их исполнения. Низкое качество институциональной среды при сокращении формального сектора занятости стимулирует использование работодателями и работниками неформальных практик и побуждает их справляться со своими трудностями вне государственного регулирования. Ключевые слова: неформальная экономика, неформальный сектор занятости, формальные и неформальные практики рынка труда.

Can making jobs easier to find and keep raise female employment in societies where gender norms discourage women from working? We report the results of an experiment in Egypt -a country where social norms limiting female employment are widely held, but many women nevertheless look for work and identify lack of childcare as the key barrier to employment -designed to help women with young children obtain employment. The study cross-randomized job matching (making jobs easier to find) and child care subsidies (making jobs easier to keep). Take-up of the child care subsidies was low, and while nearly half of the women who were offered the opportunity signed up for the job-matching services, only some applied to jobs and very few obtained jobs through the services. Neither intervention led to appreciable changes in women's employment or the use of child care. We present evidence that a mismatch between desired non-pecuniary job attributes and the attributes of available jobs limited the impacts of the interventions. While this may be partly due to gender norms, we also document a mismatch between desired and existing job attributes for couples who do not report restrictive norms. Overall, our results demonstrate the limits of female employment interventions that do not address -by either tackling norms or strengthening job amenities -the mismatch between desired and available non-pecuniary job attributes.

Devicienti, D., Maida, A., Morini, M., Pacelli, L., Poggi, A., & Versan, P. (2008). Employment security and employability: a contribution to the flexicurity debate. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. ... There are no files associated with this item.

This paper examines labour force partieipation and unemployment issues in relatian to employment and unemployment relations by using three indicators developed by OECD (rates of labour force participation, unemployment rates by age and sex, unemployment rates by educational levels). These issues are dealt with in terms of sex, age and educatian variables emphasising woman dimension.

Perú / Mercado de trabajo / Segmentación laboral / Diferencias de ingresos laborales Las opiniones y recomendaciones vertidas en estos documentos son responsabilidad de sus autores y no representan necesariamente los puntos de vista del Departamento Economía.

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This study examined monthly analysis of road traffic accidents in selected Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria and to suggest preventive and corrective safety measures towards reducing road traffic accidents in the study area. Using accident records from the Nigerian Police Force and Federal Road Safety Commission for the thirty two (32) years period from 1970 – 2001, this study seeks to reveal the traffic situation and accident pattern on monthly basis in 9 Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. Further observation revealed that the most accident prone Local Government Areas (LGAs) are Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Ajeromi/Ifelodun, Ikeja, Oshodi/Isolo, Apapa, Eti-Osa, Kosote and Ojo. Thus, these are the LGAs that deserve urgent traffic accident mitigation attention e.g. intensified policing by the road safety corps. Again, for various reasons, it was also observed that most of the accidents in Nigeria occur in the months of June, July, September, October, Novem...

Whilst a great deal of e¤ort has been dedicated to identi…cation of agglomeration e¤ects on labour productivity, the measurement of spatial productivity spillovers is a question that has been addressed only occasionally along the New Economic Geography literature. We estimate agglomeration effects, nonetheless conditioned to the possible existence of spatial productivity spillovers across Spanish municipalities in year 2001. To this respect, we …nd that agglomeration e¤ects are in the same order of magnitude than those ✩ This paper was produced in the framework of MICRO-DYN (www.microdyn.eu), an international research project funded by the EU Sixth Framework Programme (www.cordis.lu) with socio-economic sciences and humanities (). This publication re ‡ects only the author's views, the European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

L'accès aux établissements d'enseignement supérieur est aussi essentiel aux personnes handicapées qu'aux autres. Il s'agit d'offrir à chacun les mêmes chances en matière d'emploi et d'inclusion sociale et de réduire la pauvreté. Par ailleurs, les pratiques d'inclusion à l'école favorisent aussi une plus grande demande d'accès à l'enseignement supérieur. Les effectifs d'étudiants handicapés qui fréquentent l'université sont actuellement en hausse et on souhaite mieux connaître les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour qu'ils puissent accéder sans restriction à un enseignement et à une vie sociale de qualité. Nous savons qu'il n'y a pas d'insertion sociale sans intégration économique. Mais l'intégration économique ne peut se faire que grâce à une inclusion scolaire et professionnelle. Donc notre problématique est la suivante : est ce que les handicapés sont-ils inclus dans le système d'enseignement supérieur ? Le but ...

Nesse texto parto da hipótese de que devia ser excepcional a lavratura de documentos em cartório respeitantes a contratos de obras a particulares na São Paulo setecentista, feitos entre os artesãos e seus clientes. Seriam comuns os acordos apenas apalavrados.

“The safety revolution: ORIGINS OF WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY AND WORKERS COMPENSATION” is the genesis story that begins with questioning by the ancients about toil that causes misery, injury and death; moves to the dark times for workers during the Industrial Revolution and concludes with the systematic Robens reforms of the 1970s. This reference pays tribute to those thinkers and the founders who helped make work harms a crime. This story reminds today’s working community that there is still much to be done to eradicate work harms and the socio-economic damage each episode of serious harm causes. This document was updated and revised in February 2025.

This study presents the extent of disparity of human capital across regions, its trend, and the impact of aging on it, using Korean census data of years 1985, 1995, and 2005. Main results are as follows. First, the absolute level of human capital in cities and districts have increased, but the relative positions of those regions have not changed over time. Second, the proportion of college graduated tends to increase as the size of cities increases. Third, following , the increase in the proportion of college graduated is regressed on the initial proportion and the estimates indicate that the disparity of human capital across regions has increased over time. Fourth, the proportion of aging population is shown to have a negative relationship with the proportion of college graduated. Finally, using a counter-factual scenario that there were no differences in proportions of aging population across regions, it is shown that the disparity of human capital across regions could be reduced substantially.

Many countries have legislation which make it costly for firms to dismiss or retrench workers. In the case of India, the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, requires firms that employ 50 or more workers to pay a compensation to any worker who is to be retrenched. This paper builds a theoretical model to analyze the effects of such anti-retrenchment laws. Our model reveals that an anti-retrenchment law can cause wages and employment to rise or fall, depending on the parametric conditions prevailing in the market. We then use this simple model to isolate conditions under which an anti-retrenchment law raises wages and employment. In a subsequent section we assume that the law specifies exogenously the amount of compensation, s, a firm has to pay each worker who is being dismissed. It is then shown that as s rises, starting from zero, equilibrium wages fall. However beyond a certain point, further rises in s cause wages to rise. In other words, the relation between the exogenously specified cost to the firm of dismissing a worker and the equilibrium wage is V-shaped.

This summary of the nature of industrial research can be made more complete for the purposes of this study by adding a few comments about specific operating characteristics. The most important feature is that each industry iz unique with regard to such factors as: * Whether competition is atomistic or rivalrous; '* The sizes and size-distribution of firms; * The ease of entry for new firms; * The R&D policies of the firms; * . The nature of the customers and their innovative ' : " behavior; * The proprietary characteristics of the knowledge produced by R&D in the industry; and * The nature and extent of government regulation. There are others. What comes through sharply in this list is that the reaction of industry to an,y federal effort in R&D will be different for each industry -indeed for each company.

Bu calisma, Turkiye’de 2001-2008 yillarinda agirlikli olarak dogrudan gelir destegi (DGD) ve prim odemeleri ile yapilan tarimsal desteklerin kirsal kesim hanehalki gelirleri uzerindeki etkilerini incelemekle birlikte DGD, prim odemeleri ve fark odemeleriyle ilgili hipotetik senaryolari mukayese etmektedir. Calismada kullanilan temel yontem, Turkiye icin Sosyal Hesaplar Matrisi cercevesinde yapilan ayristirmalar ile elde edilen veriler ve Leontief girdi-cikti modelinin cozum yontemlerinin kullanilmasiyla gerceklestirilen gelir carpan analizidir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore DGD odemelerinin sona erdirilmesi kirsal kesim hanehalki yani sira kentsel hanehalkinin gelirini de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Prim ve fark odemesi politikalari karsilastirildiginda ise prim odemelerinin gorece kirsal kesim gelirlerini daha olumlu etkiledigi tespit edilmistir

As a bottom-up approach, a Job Guarantee policy can tackle the issue of unemployment on the macroeconomic, socioeconomic, and individual level in a unique way and promote the social inclusion of the unemployed. This paper aims at analysing the potential obstaclesnamely inflationary pressure and financingof a Job Guarantee policy implementation in the case of Germany. A Job Guarantee's impact on inflation depends on excess production capacities of economic sectors as well as collective wage bargaining structures. In this regard, this paper concludes that under a correct policy design inflationary pressure is no major obstacle. Strengthening workers' bargaining power in Germany through a Job Guarantee policy could even contribute to reaching the inflation target and prevent deflation. However, deficiencies of the European institutional setup and the analogous restrictive fiscal mantra at European and national level limit the political scope for financing a Job Guarantee policy. Notwithstanding, a small to medium size Job Guarantee programmecomprising up to all currently unemployed willing to workis politically and legally feasible.