History of Medicine

We show that tarantism was well known among the homeopaths in 19th century. Particularly, we analyse the book Medical study of the tarantula venom following the Hahnemann method (Madrid, 1864) published by José Núñez, one of the most important Spanish representatives of homeopathy during 19th century. We observe that the homeopathic perspective of tarantism accentuates vitalistic and empirical aspects, and is based on the extemporal analysis of earlier medical writings. We establish the sources on the tarantism in this period. Núñez maintained that music had a direct influence on organic structures such as the brain, as had been stated in previous centuries, but now he based the theory on his experience of the pathogenesis. The longest section of Núñez’ treatise is dedicated to experiments with tarantula venom. The book is a milestone in the history of tarantism and music therapy with a new perspective which completes the lengthy course of this phenomenon to the present.

This study traces the notion of the internal senses in three ancient authors, namely Nemesius, Plotinus and Galen. It begins with Nemesius, and then by going backward ends with Galen. The textual evidence investigated in this study shows clearly that Galen, after acknowledging the Platonic tripartite soul, locates the various dunameis of the soul in the brain. The “localization” theory of Galen plays a crucial role in paving the way for the foundation of the internal senses, which both Plotinus and Nemesius adapted. Just as with the external senses one can locate various sense-organs in different parts of the body, viz., touch, smell, sight etc., so too with the internal senses, thanks to Galen, one is able to locate them in various organs of the body. Thus philosophers are able to explain the role of all these different (internal) senses in their account of sense-perception.

On the basis of a critical analysis of sources and the use of comparative historical research method, the authors reveal the fundamental role of Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences I.A. Kassirsky in the formation of haematology as an independent clinical discipline in the USSR and put forward the thesis of the decisive importance in this process of the unified haematological school of A.N. Kryukov I.A. Kassirsky.

SAAEETAK: Analiza uzroka smrti temelji se na MatiËnoj knjizi umrlih aeupe Komin (1825-1874), koja obuhvaÊa dva naselja, Komin i Rogotin, danas u opÊini PloËe. Na temelju Meunarodne klasifikacije uzroci smrti su razvrstani u nekoliko skupina bolesti i stanja, a identifikacija onodobnog nazivlja izvrπena je uz pomoÊ starih medicinskih priruËnika i kazivaËa na terenu. Analiza je izvrπena na mjeseËnoj, godiπnjoj i viπegodiπnjoj razini. UoËene su godine s poveÊanom smrtnosti, koje uglavnom prate opÊe prilike u Dalmaciji, bilo da je rijeË o krizi zbog loπijeg uroda i gladi ili epidemijama.

SAAEETAK: Analiza uzroka smrti temelji se na MatiËnoj knjizi umrlih aeupe Komin (1825-1874), koja obuhvaÊa dva naselja, Komin i Rogotin, danas u opÊini PloËe. Na temelju Meunarodne klasifikacije uzroci smrti su razvrstani u nekoliko skupina bolesti i stanja, a identifikacija onodobnog nazivlja izvrπena je uz pomoÊ starih medicinskih priruËnika i kazivaËa na terenu. Analiza je izvrπena na mjeseËnoj, godiπnjoj i viπegodiπnjoj razini. UoËene su godine s poveÊanom smrtnosti, koje uglavnom prate opÊe prilike u Dalmaciji, bilo da je rijeË o krizi zbog loπijeg uroda i gladi ili epidemijama.

The essay titled On astrology (περὶ τῆς ἀστρολογίης) in the Lucianic corpus has been the object of contradictory interpretations in the recent scholarly history: disregarded as spurious by many, or a serious text in defense of astrology possibly dedicated to a Stoic patron, a parody of a Ionian philosopher, or a Stoic parody. A crucial step forward is represented by Lightfoot’s study of Lucian’s Ionic, according to which we must accept his authorship of On astrology. In this article I attempt to show that in this short piece we have a parody of an astrological defense—an established subgenre in Lucian’s age—which throughout the majority of the text makes exaggerated use of mythical rationalizations of the type frequently employed in historical works to explain the origin of human practices. Since (a) Herodotus was a paradigmatic case of that practice, (b) because of the Ionic dialect, and (c) considering the kind of parody employed by the writer from Samosata in his other piece in Ionic (On the Syrian goddess) and his frequent practice of strikingly combining different genres in a single work, we can conclude that Lucian also wore the mask of the historian here.

The excavation in 2007 of a cemetery of the Hellenistic times (from the end of the 4th century BC) in the wider region
of Piraeus (the biggest harbor of Greece), brought to light 93 graves and 88 skeletons the remains of which were macroscopically
studied from the anthropological point of view. The study demonstrated - among other pathological findings - a high rate of porotic
hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia (47,8%), both these lesions being possibly connected (besides other factors), with the infectious
disease of malaria. This fact (viewed within an ecological frame) motivated the theoretical approach of the particular characteristics
of the environment of Piraeus, that may have been determining factors for malaria in antiquity; apart from the existence of a vast
marshy area in ancient Piraeus (Alipedon), there also were other equally aggravating natural factors for the dispersal of the disease:
the lack of running water or the repeatedly overflowing Kifissos river along with the transformation of the coastline, to mention but
a few. Among the anthropogenic factors associated with the occurrence of the disease, are included the Long Walls - that major defensive
work stretching between Athens and Piraeus -, the methods of cultivation in that time, as well as the role of the Harbor itself.

İslam tarihinde ilk defa vezirlik kurumunu ihdas eden ve mevcut divanlara yenisini ekleyip var olanlarını ise daha da geliştiren Abbâsîler, selefleri Emevîlere kıyasla devleti daha merkezî ve bürokratik bir yapıya kavuşturmuşlardır. İdari yapıdaki bu değişiklikler aynı zamanda saray teşkilatının ve bu teşkilatın bir parçası olan haremin daha da kurumsal hale gelmesini sağlamıştır. Hilafet merkezinin Sâmerrâ’dan tekrar Bağdat’a taşınmasından (279/892) sonraki süreçte, özellikle de Muktedir’in (295-320/908-932) halifeliği döneminde harem mensuplarının sayısında ciddi bir artış yaşanmıştır. Harîmü dâri’l-hilâfe adıyla anılan sarayın harem kısmında halifenin annesi, hanımları, çocukları ve yine halifenin dul veya boşanmış kız kardeşleri ve halalarından oluşan hanedan mensupları yaşamaktaydı. Yine bu yapı içerisinde onların hizmetinde bulunmak üzere söz konusu dönemde sayıları binlerle ifade edilen temizlikçiler, erkek ve kadın hizmetkârlar, hâcibler, muhafız birlikleri, köleler ve bekçiler istihdam edilmiştir. Elinizdeki çalışma tam da bu noktada öne çıkan sorumluluğu harem mensuplarının ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi ve haremin gelir-gideriyle ilgilenmek olan, ancak siyasi ve idari açıdan son derece etkin bir konuma sahip olan kadın görevliler, yani kahramâneler üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Sarayda ilk defa resmî olarak bir kahramânenin görevlendirildiği Muktedir’in halifeliğinin erken döneminden bu uygulamanın yürürlükten kaldırıldığı 493 (1099) yılına kadar Abbâsî sarayında görev yapmış kahramâneleri inceleyen çalışmada bir taraftan kronolojik bir sıra takip edilirken diğer taraftan kahramânelerin öne çıkan özellikleri başlıklara yansıtılarak tematik bir bakış açısı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Ausonius is obviously the foremost Latin rhetor of the second part of the 4 th century. Citizen of Bordeaux, teaching rhetoric in his city, he was, due to his notoriety, called and appointed by emperor Valentinian I to be a personal magister/ grammaticus for his teenager son Gratian at Trier. After the dignity of Quaestor close to Gratian from 374 to 378, he was the praetorian prefect for Gauls in 378/379, and thus returned to Trier. 1 His former pupil Gratian was, since 375, the prior Augustus for the western part of the Roman Empire. As Ausonius was nominated for the ordinary consulship of 379, the rhetor wrote and sent him a Gratiarum actio -a Thanksgiving letter -, which is a kind of panegyric. In this text, Ausonius expresses a typically Roman political culture and holds the emperor a discourse as if he were his grand-son. I would like to scrutinize a passage of the chapter 17, where, among Gratian's manifold virtues, he evokes his particular attention to the sicks: Trajan was in the habit of visiting his friends when they were sick: so far we may grant that he had a considerate nature. Your practice is both to visit and to heal them: you provide them with attendants, you order their diet, you prescribe medicines, you furnish the cost of remedies, you comfort them in their pain, and you congratulate them on their recovery. 2 * This paper was first given at Shifting frontiers in Late Antiquity XI th Conference,

In Maqāla fī Ḥarakat al-iltifāf, Ibn al-Hayṯam transformed Ptolemy’s mechanism of oscillating epicycles into a solid-sphere model. This innovation led him to reinvent the Eudoxan couple, a device originally developed by Eudoxus in the fourth century BCE and later incorporated by Aristotle into his cosmic system. The treatise became among Ibn al-Hayṯam’s most influential astronomical works. Yet, for modern historians of astronomy, the treatise was believed to be lost until the recent discovery of an incomplete manuscript. This paper presents a critical edition, an English translation, and an analysis of the extant parts of Maqāla fī Ḥarakat al-iltifāf.

The term "sign" has been used to describe various phenomena observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 . Discrepancies in the use of this term have been identified when it is used in context with COVID-19. The goals of this review are to provide an overview, describe signs, and clarify misconceptions regarding the use of these terms in COVID-19 patients. PubMed and Medline databases were searched using individual and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, including coronavirus, COVID-19, and sign, in human studies within the English literature published from inception to December 31, 2020. Studies where the word "sign" was used in a context different from that for COVID-19 (e.g., sentinel sign) were excluded. Three hundred fifty-seven studies were potentially identified and after applying the exclusion criteria and further adjudication, 92 studies constituted the final data set. The majority of signs found in the COVID-19 literature have been applied and aptly described primarily in radiologic diseases of the chest. The term "sign," in other situations, is often misappropriated as it actually represents a physical finding rather than a sign. A total of 27 radiologic signs have been identified on chest computed tomography (CT) or high-resolution CT (HRCT), and 18 cutaneous signs (or findings) have been observed during the physical examination in COVID-19. Signs lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity by themselves; however, in the appropriate clinical setting, they should raise clinical suspicion for this infectious disease.

The purpose with this survey, is to examine samples from ironage houses and other contexts from Gamla Uppsala. Samples were taken as part of contract archaeology excavations for the building of OKB, but weren't prioritised for these investigations. Macrofossil from the houses and other areas are analysed, in order to answer questions about the function of the houses, the surrounding environment and possible social situations. Macrofossil is organic material visible for the naked eye, such as seeds, bone, insects, shells etc. To make the material available, flotation of the soil samples is used in order to separate the macrofossil from de soil itself. Other surveys have been executed with the same project (OKB) as background, which results will be used as a comparison to this study. The main findings of archaeobotanical analyses so far has been the identificaton were different kinds of cerealgrains, which indicate human household activities. The intention of this analysis is to i...

Audio-visual reaction time is a reliable indicator to assess the processing capability of central nervous system and sensory motor performance in response to an external stimulus. The present study was aimed to find out whether chronic smoking affects the processing capability of central nervous system. The audiovisual reaction times of 120 male subjects with age ranging from 25 to 55 years forming various groups as control and smoker were measured by a device “Response Analyzer”. The auditory reaction time was recorded for high frequency sound and visual reaction time for red light. The observations revealed that both auditory and visual reaction times were significantly delayed in chronic smokers as compared to that in controls. The results indicated that alteration of the processing capability of central nervous system as reflected by the changes in auditory and visual reaction times might be due to impaired perceptual-motor coordination in chronic smokers.

The paper tackles the question of balneological treatment available for the members of the Order of Preachers in Central Europe between 1650 and 1720. I took advantage of a strict record keeping procedure within the Dominican order, which required that all members obtain a written permission from the Father Provincial before taking any journey beyond local boundaries. As all the records were kept in so called "Provincial books" (Libri provinciae) it was possible to identify travelling permits issued for balneological treatment and collect data about visits to spas from the entire Czech Province.

The drinking party at Medius' in Babylon on 31 May 323 B.C., marking the onset of Alexander's terminal illness, is explored from contemporary and later texts. Close reading of fragments by Nicobule and Aristobulus, set beside the reticence of the court daybooks (Ephemerides) and the studied vagueness of secondary sources, clarifies in detail the sequence of events. Justin, Plutarch and the author of the Liber de morte Alexandri cast light on the silence imposed by the King's successors. A narrative emerges of the day itself, the spread of rumour, the two false explanations for Alexander's death that were successively propagated, and the third explanation, most probably correct, that Aristobulus was first to publish.

Dans une Europe sous la domination du régime national-socialiste, en
particulier dans les ghettos, dans les camps de concentration et dans les
camps d’extermination, des hommes et des femmes furent confrontés
à la nécessité de faire des choix dans des conditions extrêmes. Plusieurs
récits sont parvenus jusqu’à nous : une mère a dû sacrifier un de ses
enfants pour permettre à un autre de vivre ; un détenu devenu « Kapo »
a été contraint de choisir quels prisonniers protéger au détriment des
autres ; un médecin ou soignant a dû choisir quels malades à l’infirmerie
avaient le plus de chance de survivre pour leur éviter la sélection…
Dans ces conditions extrêmes, l’ensemble des valeurs qui présidaient au
choix entraient en conflit – qu’elles soient liées à la morale individuelle,
à l’éthique professionnelle ou à la logique d’une résistance collective. En
cela, le choix était à la fois impossible et en même temps inévitable et
nécessaire. Le spécialiste de la littérature sur le génocide juif, Lawrence
L. Langer, l’a désigné en 1980 par l’expression de choiceless choice : un
non-choix, c’est-à-dire un choix qui n’en est pas un.

Este texto é uma tímida incursão sobre a obra de um dos autores da medicina setecentista – Aleixo de Abreu - que se relaciona, marginalmente, com um projeto mais amplo que desenvolvo e para o qual fiz pesquisas em Moçambique, Portugal e sobretudo no Arquivo Histórico de Angola e que tem como objeto maior estudar os encontros e confrontos ocorridos entre a expansão da medicina ocidental em terras de Angola e Moçambique, onde predomina­vam outras práticas de cura fundadas em bases e universos culturais distintos daquela.    

This short contribution showcases the benefits of infrared reflectography for research on written artefacts. It describes how this method enabled the discovery and decipherment of a title on the bottom edge of a 19th century Chinese manuscript, the medical recipe book Slg. Unschuld 8051 from the Berlin State Library collection. It also discusses the possible meaning of the title and its relation to the manuscript and its contents.

An English as well as a German version of the contribution were originally published in two of the Berlin State Library's blogs:

https://blog.crossasia.org/the-advantages-of-infrared-reflectography-recovering-the-title-of-a-19th-century-medical-recipe-book-from-china/
(English version)

https://blog.sbb.berlin/infrarot-reflektographie_rezeptbuch/
(German version)

• Galen's De motu thoracis et pulmonis in the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Arabic tradition, or: What to do with a treatise whose contents are partly obsolete? • The article is about the origin, the intention, the content, and the Fortleben of Galen's treatise De motu thoracis et pulmonis. In the first part I try to show that the text was a big problem for Galen. On the one hand he had to publish it, but on the other hand the content was partly outdated and did not contain any of his own research results. De motu thoracis et pulmonis is lost in its original Greek. Only a fragment survives in Oreibasios. In addition, two short fragments of the text have survived in al-Rāzī's Kitāb al-Ḥāwī. The translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq offers a brief description of the treatise that does not match the information from the Greek tradition. This difference can be explained by the fact that Ḥunayn misunderstood a passage in Galen's De libris propriis.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG).

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, osteopathic information was circulated by way of pamphlets and postcards. Several osteopathic historical pamphlets and postcards from the D’Angelo Library collection have been researched and digitized in order to preserve these osteopathic artifacts and highlight their historical significance for the current profession.

We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes, caramel, and salt were added. To protect consumers, milk inspectors were tasked with enforcing a well-defined MQS. Using citylevel data for the period 1880-1910, we find that milk inspections reduced mortality from waterborne and foodborne diseases by 12-19 percent. Ours is the first study to provide evidence that MQSs can improve consumer health when directly applied to an experience or credence good.

A tuberculose está presente na vida humana desde os primeiros tempos da História da Humanidade e é ainda causa de elevada mortalidade no mundo, tendo sido investigada em instituições de saúde como o Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical com o objetivo do seu controlo e erradicação. A história da ciência e a investigação desenvolvida sobre as campanhas de combate à tuberculose deixaram testemunhos e vestígios patrimoniais que se constituíram em coleções museológicas, agora apresentadas ao público através de uma exposição que procurou retratar a tuberculose através da arquitetura, da literatura, da arte e outros legados patrimoniais da saúde, no dia em que se assinalou o dia Mundial da Tuberculose no IHMT - 2017. Tuberculosis is a constant presence in human life since the earliest times of the mankind history and is still the cause of high mortality in the world, which has been investigated in health institutions such as the Ins-titute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to its contro...

Tuberculosis is a constant presence in human life since the earliest times of the mankind history and is still the cause of high mortality in the world, which has been investigated in health institutions such as the Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to its control and eradication. The history of science and the investigation about the campaigns for the combat of tuberculosis provided testimonies and heritages currently organized in museum collections and now presented to public in an exhibition to commemorate the International Tuberculosis Day at IHMT – 2017 where the history of the tuberculosis was represented through architecture, literature, art and other patrimonial health legacy.

The essay analyses the statistical data on cholera mortality in the the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, received in Naples when the epidemic wave of 1836-37 was drawing to a close. On the basis of these figures, the government certainly had a clear perception of the incidence of the disease in the various districts, and could use them for appropriate health policy assessments. A choice that was made at the time, and which remained unchanged, was to secrete the statistical data collected. The reasons behind this decision probably lay in the desire to conceal the very heavy death toll from public opinion at home and abroad, in an attempt to accredit the image of a wise, dynamic and effective government in containing the effects of the disease. There was perhaps also the fear that the internal disclosure of the real massacres that cholera had wrought, especially in certain provinces, could revive the never-quenched rumours of poisoning, with the related problems of public order, and the insidious political implications that cholera had provoked. For these reasons, the statistics collected remained buried in administrative offices and were never made public. Re-examined now, almost two centuries later, and interpreted also in the light of the distorting mechanisms that invalidated their compilation, the figures make it possible to ascertain the overall mortality in the Kingdom, the relationship between the mortality rates of the two epidemic waves and the mortality rates of the various provinces. Among other things, they allow us to state that, although it was, chronologically, the last of the Italian states to experience the aggression of cholera, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was also the one that reported, at the end of the epidemic, the heaviest death toll, both in absolute values and in relation to the population.

This conference explores the "Parva naturalia"—Aristotle’s short treatises on physiology and psychology—and their complex reception in medieval and Renaissance medicine. Contributions examine Latin translations, manuscript commentaries, and scholastic debates, tracing the integration of Aristotelian cardiocentrism, sensory perception, and sleep theory into medical and philosophical thought. Scholars discuss figures from Alfred of Sareshel to Juan Bravo de Pedrahita, revealing how ancient theories were reinterpreted across centuries. Their contributions collectively illuminate the "Parva naturalia’s" pivotal role in shaping intellectual traditions and practices, especially in contexts where philosophy and medicine intersected, from medieval university curricula to Renaissance innovations in physiological theory.

The 1925 Brussels Pharmacopoeia Agreement and Geneva Opium Convention were foundational in shaping international pharmaceutical regulation. The former sought to standardise potent medicines, while the latter established controls over psychoactive substances. Despite differing objectives, both treaties influenced global pharmaceutical governance, contributing to modern regulatory frameworks and standards such as those of WHO or the European Pharmacopoeia. A century later, the year 2025 is witness to turbulent shifts in geopolitics and global health governance, but also revived contemporary debates on drug policy and traditional medicines. This letter revisits the seldom-documented history and impact of international pharmacy law, highlighting the relevance of these two pioneering treaties to evolving pharmaceutical governance and international health law.

Presentazione del volume "Il mondo in un'altra luce. Saggi newtoniani" (Carocci, 2024) di Franco Giudice, nell'ambito del ciclo di incontri “Pagine di Storia della Scienza”, organizzato dalla Società Italiana di Storia della Scienza (SISS), in collaborazione con il Museo Galileo. Discutono con l’autore: Luigi Ingaliso. Modera: Luca Tonetti. Trasmissione streaming sui canali youtube SISS e Museo Galileo https://www.youtube.com/@siss-societaitalianadistor9115 https://www.youtube.com/@museogalileofirenze

2014. Se realizó el diseño de un sistema de información en forma de aplicación web en HTML, como método organizado para brindar y recopilar información sobre los procesos gerenciales y estratégicos, el cual cumple finalidades como programa educativo desde los principios de la educación avanzada. Sus componentes quedaron estructurados en las dos dimensiones del sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación: producción intelectual e innovación tecnológica, que se desglosaron en 10 indicadores, con escalas de evaluación por nivel de cumplimiento en un plazo de tiempo. Este sistema ofrece diversas ventajas, como bajo costo, fácil accesibilidad y operativo, lo cual permite una mayor eficiencia, eficacia y optimización del tiempo en la gestión de los procesos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación.

2014. Se realizó el diseño de un sistema de información en forma de aplicación web en HTML, como método organizado para brindar y recopilar información sobre los procesos gerenciales y estratégicos, el cual cumple finalidades como programa educativo desde los principios de la educación avanzada. Sus componentes quedaron estructurados en las dos dimensiones del sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación: producción intelectual e innovación tecnológica, que se desglosaron en 10 indicadores, con escalas de evaluación por nivel de cumplimiento en un plazo de tiempo. Este sistema ofrece diversas ventajas, como bajo costo, fácil accesibilidad y operativo, lo cual permite una mayor eficiencia, eficacia y optimización del tiempo en la gestión de los procesos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación.

Método: investigación cualitativa, no experimental, de corte transversal, de evaluación de los efectos de la generalización del producto SINFORCIT. La investigación fue estructurada en cinco etapas que evaluó variables cuantitaivas y cualitativas a partir de la cuarta etapa en que se generalizó el producto. Se realizó un monitoreo semestral a los usuarios, previo convenio para el uso del producto mediante encuestas semestrales. Este sistema de información se encuentra disponible en un "host" en Infomed desde marzo del 2016. Resultados: se obtuvo un efecto social importante por ser de fácil accesibilidad y operativo, ofrecer mayor eficiencia y optimización del tiempo en la gestión de los procesos de CIT y con un impacto económico para 100 % de la plantilla docente en un período de 11 meses estimado en 88 CUC por concepto de ahorro en mensajería electrónica y de 524 378,80 pesos (cup), de ahorro por concepto de salarios/horas para las gestiones presenciales habituales. Conclusiones: la generalización mejoró la gestión de los procesos con eficiencia, optimización del tiempo y ahorro de recursos financieros.

Abstract
Born in 1899 into a peasant family in Felnac, in what is now Arad County, the young Jovin studied medicine at the University of Budapest. In the fall of 1918, student Ion Jovin became involved in the activity of the Central Romanian National Council, being appointed its telephonist by President Ștefan Cicio Pop. After the war, Jovin graduated from medical school
in Cluj, then continued his studies in Germany and France, specializing in oncology and radiotherapy. Returning to the country, he founded the first cancer diagnosis and treatment center in Romania, at Colțea Hospital, in 1928. He also became a lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest. After World War II, he was expelled from the faculty and arrested in 1948 due to his close relationship with Iuliu Maniu, whose personal physician he was. He was imprisoned for 4 years. After his release, he lived for a while on his daughter's income and was employed only a few years later as a radiology intern. Although he managed to become a primary care physician, he was not allowed to return to teaching. He worked until the age of 82 and managed to live until 1994, witnessing the fall of the communist regime.
Résumé
Né en 1899 dans une famille de paysans à Felnac, dans l'actuel département d'Arad, le jeune Jovin a étudié la médecine à l'Université de Budapest. À l'automne 1918, l'étudiant Ion Jovin s'est impliqué dans l'activité du Conseil National Roumain Central, étant nommé téléphoniste de celui-ci par le président Ștefan Cicio Pop. Après la guerre, Jovin a terminé ses études de médecine à Cluj, puis a poursuivi ses études en Allemagne et en France, se
spécialisant en oncologie et radiothérapie. De retour au pays, il a fondé le premier centre de diagnostic et de traitement du cancer en Roumanie, à l'Hôpital Colțea, en 1928. Il est également devenu maître de conférences à la Faculté de Médecine de Bucarest. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il a été exclu de la faculté et arrêté en 1948, en raison de ses liens étroits avec Iuliu Maniu, dont il était le médecin traitant. Il a été emprisonné pendant 4 ans.
Après sa libération, il a vécu un certain temps grâce aux revenus de sa fille, et n'a été employé que quelques années plus tard comme interne en radiologie. Bien qu'il soit parvenu à devenir médecin principal, il n'a pas été autorisé à revenir dans l'enseignement. Il a travaillé jusqu'à l'âge de 82 ans et a réussi à vivre jusqu'en 1994, assistant à la chute du régime communiste.
Rezumat
Născut în 1899 într-o familie de țărani la Felnac, în actualul județ Arad, tânărul Jovin a studiat medicina la Universitatea din Budapesta. În toamna anului 1918, studentul Ion Jovin s-a implicat în activitatea Consiliului Național Român Central, fiind numit telefonist al acestuia de președintele Ștefan Cicio Pop. După război Jovin a absolvit medicina la Cluj, apoi
și-a continuat studiile în Germania și în Franța, specializându-se în oncologie și radioterapie. Întors în țară, a înființat primul centru de diagnostic și tratament al cancerului din România, la Spitalul Colțea, în 1928. A ajuns și conferențiar la Facultatea de Medicină din București.
După Al Doilea Război Mondial a fost exclus din facultate și arestat în 1948, din cauza relațiilor strânse cu Iuliu Maniu, al cărui medic curant era. A fost închis timp de 4 ani. După eliberare a trăit o vreme din veniturile fiicei sale, fiind încadrat doar după câțiva ani ca medic stagiar radiolog. Deși a reușit să ajungă medic primar, nu i s-a permis să revină în învățământ.
A lucrat până la 82 de ani și a reușit să trăiască până în 1994, asistând la prăbușirea regimului comunist.
Keywords: telephonist, Great Union, doctor, radiotherapy, oncology
Mots-clés: téléphoniste, Grande Union, médecin, radiothérapie, oncologie
Cuvinte-cheie: telefonist, Marea Unire, medic, radioterapie, oncologie

Conference programme:
Pavia 1525 Una battaglia epocale in un mondo che cambia

https://www.unipv.news/eventi/pavia-1525-una-battaglia-epocale-un-mondo-che-cambia?fbclid=IwY2xjawJY66RleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcZrlVihEoPH-x8D5_DJDElaO44VPO-vMV8jl5DatQA1Uu7exuSdwReeDw_aem_EdYgS8pHdfe8eiLTV05Jfg

In this paper, we present an unedited Neo-Latin poem on the Battle of Pavia. The work consists of four books, totaling more than 3000 hexameters, the canonical verse of epic poetry. It is transmitted by a manuscript held in Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek (Guelf. 22.2 Aug. 4o). Penned by Arnoldus Goerinus Flutterius, monk and librarian of the Lüchtenhof Monastery in Hildesheim, the poem was written between 1525 and early 1542, at the latest. Goerinus dedicated his work to Ferdinandus I (1503–1564), Archduke of Austria

A finales del siglo XVIII la población de distintas ciudades y villas de la Gobernación chilena estuvo bajo el riesgo de contagio de viruela. Ante ello, las autoridades locales, de las ciudades de Talca y San Fernando, determinaron tomar una serie de medidas de carácter preventiva, sugeridas en la Disertación del médico español Francisco Gil, la que fue difundida, a partir de 1785, en todos los territorios que integraron la Monarquía Hispana, por orden de la Corona con miras a disminuir el contagio de viruela entre sus súbditos. Con todo, y pese a los avances de los saberes médicos expuestos allí, lo cierto es que su aplicación estuvo tensionada por la superposición de los saberes médicos tradicionales, populares y religiosos, que denotan hasta qué punto los distintos grupos sociales hicieron eco de lo recomendado, develando los intersticios que se provocaron al tiempo tomar decisiones y llevarlas a cabo entre el Protomedicato y los acuerdos de los vecinos y autoridades locales.

This article aims at identifying the sources of fols. 395r and 686r-686v of the Codex Atlanticus. These anonymous folios, inserted in Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks, do not deal with the duplication of the cube proper, nor do they derive from Giorgio Valla's De expetendis et fugiendis rebus (1501), as has been claimed. They deal specifically with the extraction of the cube root by geometric methods. The analysis of the sources by the tracer method reveals that these fragments are taken from the Practica geometrie by Leonardo Pisano (1220) and, more precisely, from a volgarizzamento that appears in the Praticha d'arismetrica by Benedetto da Firenze (1463). Leonardo could have consulted this text in one of his two Florentine periods, around 1463-1482 or around 1503-1506. MSC • MSC 01A20 • 01A35 • 01A40 Keywords • mathematical sources • Codex Atlanticus • Da Vinci • Leonardo Pisano • Benedetto da Firenze Résumé Cet article se propose d'identifier les sources des fols. 395r et 686r-686v du Codex Atlanticus. Ces folios anonymes, insérés dans les carnets de Leonardo da Vinci, ne traitent pas de la duplication du cube proprement dite, ni ne dérivent du De expetendis et fugiendis rebus de Giorgio Valla (1501), comme on l'a affirmé. Ils traitent spécifiquement de l'extraction de la racine cubique par des méthodes géométriques. L'analyse des sources par la méthode des traceurs révèle que ces fragments sont tirés de la Practica geometrie de Leonardo Pisano (1220) et, plus précisément, de la traduction en volgare qui apparaît dans la Praticha d'arismetrica de Benedetto da Firenze (1463). Leonardo a pu consulter ce texte dans l'une de ses deux périodes florentines, vers 1463-1482 ou vers 1503-1506. Riassunto Questo articolo si propone di identificare le fonti delle cc. 395r e 686r-686v del Codice Atlantico. Questi fogli anonimi, inseriti nei quaderni di Leonardo da Vinci, non trattano della duplicazione del cubo in sé, né derivano dal De expetendis et fugiendis rebus di Giorgio Valla (1501), come è stato sostenuto. Si occupano specificamente dell'estrazione della radice cubica con metodi geometrici. L'analisi tracciante delle fonti rivela che questi frammenti sono tratti dalla Practica geometrie di Leonardo Pisano (1220) e, più precisamente, dal volgarizzamento che appare nella Praticha d'arismetrica di Benedetto da Firenze (1463). Leonardo da Vinci potrebbe aver consultato questo testo in uno dei suoi due periodi fiorentini, intorno al 1463-1482 o intorno al 1503-1506.

This article is scandalously brief to trace the history of medicine from phase of "hospital medicine" to "laboratory medicine" to "precision medicine". Presently AI (artificial intelligence) has made its presence strongly visible in the whole gamut of medicine. Newer ethical and other issues are of concern now.

Artykuł dotyczy działalności koadiutora wileńskiego Józefa Stanisława Sapiehy na sejmikach wileńskim, smoleńskim i starodubowskim za panowania Augusta III. Ujawniono kluczowe znaczenie Józefa Stanisława Sapiehy na tych sejmikach w Wilnie. Artykuł pokazuje, że udział koadiutora wileńskiego na sejmikach wileńskim, smoleńskim i starodubowskim przybierał różne formy: bezpośredniego udziału, przygotowywania wyborów lub zakończenia sejmiku, łączenia rywali w celu wyboru posła lub posła, zadowalania protestującej szlachty i formułowania instrukcji sejmowych. Józef Stanisław Sapieha nie zawsze wygrywał na tych trzech sejmikach w Wilnie, ale każdy musiał liczyć na jego wpływy. Przeciwnikami Sapiehy na tych sejmikach byli po prostu zwolennicy rodu Radziwiłłów: rodziny Żabów i Abramowiczów, a także Mikołaj Petrusiewicz, Hrehory Gimbut, Stanisław Łopot i Franciszek Tyzenhauz. Często sprawowali urzędy na zamku wileńskim pod wojewodami, którzy byli liderami stronnictwa magnackiego Radziwiłłów. Podczas współpracy koadiutora wileńskiego z rodziną Radziwiłłów, w sojuszu ze swoimi zwolennikami, sejmiki odbywały się w Wilnie pokojowo.

Търсенето на отрязан цвят и посадъчен материал от лилиум през последните 15 години доведе до увеличаване на площите за отглеждане и производство на културата у нас. Поради предлагането на нашия пазар на ограничен сортов състав от лилиум, внос от Холандия, се наложи разработването на селекционна програма за създаване на български сортове лилиум. Изборът на родителски форми е един от решаващите фактори за успеха на селекционната програма. В случай че двата родителски компонента не притежават целия набор от желаните показатели, може да се включи трети, а при необходимост и четвърти родител (Fumichino, 1997; Codresku, 1982). Един от перспективните методи, широко използван от редица селекционери за създаване на разнообразие в получения генетичен материал е междувидовата и вътревидовата хибридизация (��ru����ri �� ��., 2��8). При междувидова хибри� ��ru����ri �� ��., 2��8). При междувидова хибри� ). При междувидова хибридизация на L. formosanum × L. longiflorum (�himizu, 1971) е получен сорт с таксономично наименова� е получен сорт с таксономично наименование L. x formolongi, който се размножава с луковици. Установено е, че междувидовите хибриди са с висок хетерозисен ефект, т. е. те са по�мощни по растеж и развитие, по�пластични и по�адаптивни от вътревидовите (Даунс, Уолд, 1994). По метода на междувидовата хибридизация е получен и но- АНДРЕЙ КАНИНСКИ*, ИВАНКА ИВАНОВА, АНКА ГАЛЕВА Институт по декоративни растения -Негован, София

Wstęp. Niewiele osób zdaje sobie sprawę z problemu, jaki może stanowić zachorowanie na grypę. Prawie każdy wie, jakie są jej objawy, a mimo to, bardzo często jest mylona z przeziębieniem. Najbardziej efektywnym sposobem zapobiegania grypie jest szczepienie. Cel pracy. Analiza wiedzy i poglądów studentów kierunku wychowanie fizyczne na temat szczepienia przeciw grypie. Materiał i metody. Badanie przeprowadzono w 2014 roku za pomocą ankiety własnego autorstwa wśród 187 studentów Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie, Filia Biała Podlaska. Wyniki. Przeciwko grypie kilka razy w życiu szczepiło się 18,7% studentów, tylko 24,6% szczepi się regularnie od kilku lat. Na pytanie, czy warto się szczepić, twierdząco odpowiedziało 40,10%, pozostali nie wierzą w skuteczność szczepionki. Prawie wszyscy respondenci (86,92%) wiedzieli, że grypę wywołuje wirus. Wnioski. Wiedza studentów kierunku wychowanie fizyczne na temat grypy jest niezadowalająca. Cena szczepionki jest istotnym czynnikiem powodującym niski poziom korzystania ze szczepień. Badani studenci nie są w pełni przekonani o skuteczności szczepionki przeciw grypie.

Forensic psychiatry has evolved into a recognized specialty. Two core competencies, often overlooked but commonplace in forensic psychiatry, are the constructing of forensic reports and the presenting of oral testimony. This article concerns the written forensic report and conceptualizes it as performative writing. We first review the development of the forensic report's structure over the past 30 years or so and then apply constructs from other disciplines as we propose a process for creating narrative forensic reports. Such writing is grounded in the discipline of psychiatry, relies on ethics-based principles of respect for persons and truth-telling, and uses language to tell a story that persuades the legal audience. We examine the impact of voice, pitfalls to avoid, and the concepts of witnessing and labeling, as we describe the process of formulating the narrative through the voice of the forensic expert.

Recenzenti: Josip Lisac i Boris Kuzmic U radu je analiziran sadrfaj 17 oporuka po leksickom i grafijskom aspektu. Prikazana je struktura talijanizama i turcizama, razlog njihova prihvacanja, te brojcani i postotni iznos. Takoder je napravljen pregled grafijskih rjdenja i objaSnjen razlog takva stanja.