Health Promotion

ABSTRAK   Penggunaan produk-produk kosmetik ilegal yang memiliki kandungan senyawa berbahaya seperti rhodamin B, merkuri, hidrokuinon, dan timbal. Berdasarkan observasi terlihat bahwa remaja lebih mengutamakan kosmetik sebagai salah satu kebutuhan mereka, salah satu cara untuk mencegah dampak negatif dari efek samping zat berbahaya dalam kosmetik adalah dengan dilakukan dengan pemberian pengetahuan. Menggunakan pendekatan menggunakan media video dan metode Focus Group Discussion, peneliti ingin melihat seberapa besar pemahaman siswa SMA Negeri 1 Rungan tentang kandungan berbahaya dalam kosmetik. Menggunakan metode penelitian true experimental dengan pengambilan data memakai Pretest and Postest Control Group Design. Hasil data akan  dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney. Dengan hasil data p 0,000 pada uji Wilcoxon, Hal ini berarti pengetahuan kelompok intervensi bertambah akibat memperoleh pendidikan. Pada uji Mann Whitney juga mendapatkan nilai p 0,000 yang menunj...

Social media has been embraced as a tool for public health promotion. However, effective strategies for harnessing the capabilities of social media remain unclear. For example, many state and local health departments have adopted Facebook and Twitter accounts, yet public engagement with these accounts varies. Several Web-based interventions for smoking cessation have been developed, but few tobacco prevention Web sites allow users to share links via social media. While YouTube videos with health messages have amassed millions of views, such as a popular video targeting soft drink consumption, their long-term impact is difficult to evaluate. In general, innovative approaches to disseminating health information must be developed to match the behavior and expectations of the public. 17 The potential for Web-based public health campaigns is tremendous. Nearly three quarters of Internet users conduct health-related searches each year. One third of US adults access health information through social media. Web sites can be practical and cost-effective platforms for spreading public health information, but traditional Web sites, often static and noninteractive, face challenges. With thousands upon thousands of health-related Web pages, the sheer volume of online content dilutes attention to any single health message. 8 This message may also be lost in the noise of misinformation available online. By enabling the person-to-person spread of information within networks of users, social media

A social cognitive intervention was developed and delivered as a credit course to improve mental distress of university students, based on findings in a previous health survey showing notable mental distress among future teachers in Hungary in 2007. The intervention included increasing information on psychoactive substances used for stress reduction; skills development in stress reduction methods; improving skills in communication and problem-solving. All students who participated in the previous health survey were targeted. Mental status of the participants was assessed by a questionnaire before (n: 128, 22% male, mean age 23.21 years) and after (n: 148, 30% male, mean age 23.54 years) the intervention. Specifically, self-efficacy as outcome was approximated by a trait measure (sense of coherence); psychological distress was measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg et al., 1997. The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychological Medicine, 27,[191][192][193][194][195][196][197] after the intervention compared with that before. After the intervention, psychological distress was reduced among the participants (p: 0.013). Non-significant improvement occurred in the mean score for sense of coherence (from a mean 60.8 points before to 61.4 points after, p: 0.688). The intervention produced a modest but significant decrease in psychological distress in students at a cost of 54 US$ per 1 point improvement in mental distress. The intervention, a first example of the translation of the social cognitive theory into practice among students in higher education can be integrated into the curriculum as a standardized optional course.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of a positive youth development (PYD)-based sports mentorship program on the physical and mental well-being of adolescents recruited in a community setting. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial in which we recruited students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong, China. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention or a control arm after stratification for school from October 2013 to June 2014. Participants were not blinded to allocation because of the nature of the intervention. Students in the intervention arm received an after-school, PYD-based sports mentorship for 18 weeks. Each weekly session lasted 90 minutes. Students in the control arm received exclusive access to a health education Web site. RESULTS: Six hundred and sixty-four students (mean age 12.3 years [SD 0.76]; 386 girls [58.1%]) completed baseline and postintervention assessments. The intervention improved students’ mental well-being (Cohen’s...

Aims To investigate separately for men and women whether moderate or high leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity, and commuting activity are associated with a reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, independent of CVD risk factors and other forms of physical activity. Methods and results Prospective follow-up of 15,853 men and 16,824 women aged 30-59 years living in eastern and south-western Finland (median follow-up time 20 years). CVD and all-cause mortality were lower (9-21%) in men and women (2-17%) who were moderately or highly physically active during leisure time. Moderate and high levels of occupational physical activity decreased CVD and all-cause mortality by 21-27% in both sexes. Women spending daily 15 min or more in walking or cycling to and from work had a reduced CVD and all-cause mortality before adjustment for occupational and leisure time physical activity. Commuting activity was not associated with CVD or all-cause mortality in men. Conclusion Moderate and high levels of leisure time and occupational physical activity are associated with a reduced CVD and all-cause mortality among both sexes. Promoting already moderate levels of leisure time and occupational physical activity are essential to prevent premature CVD and all-cause mortality.

Sleep is essential for optimal health. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS) developed a consensus recommendation for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in adults, using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method process. The recommendation is summarized here. A manuscript detailing the conference proceedings and evidence supporting the final recommendation statement will be published in SLEEP and the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

ObjectiveTo present the Mediterranean diet (MD) pyramid: a lifestyle for today.DesignA new graphic representation has been conceived as a simplified main frame to be adapted to the different nutritional and socio-economic contexts of the Mediterranean region. This review gathers updated recommendations considering the lifestyle, dietary, sociocultural, environmental and health challenges that the current Mediterranean populations are facing.Setting and SubjectsMediterranean region and its populations.ResultsMany innovations have arisen since previous graphical representations of the MD. First, the concept of composition of the ‘main meals’ is introduced to reinforce the plant-based core of the dietary pattern. Second, frugality and moderation is emphasised because of the major public health challenge of obesity. Third, qualitative cultural and lifestyle elements are taken into account, such as conviviality, culinary activities, physical activity and adequate rest, along with proport...

Among the limitations of their study, the authors list the unavailability of German health data of sufficiently high quality (1). Indeed, the precise data sources for Germany remain largely unmentioned. The methods of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study comprise the possibility to transfer data from other countries to Germany while considering national risk factors, which may lead to erroneous estimates. For this reason, in a comparison calculation we estimated the years of life lost (YLL) due to diabetes on the basis of the KORA-S4/F4 study. KORA is a population based, prospective cohort study that includes undiagnosed diabetes in addition to patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes (2). When extrapolating the YLL which result from the KORA data for 2007 by means of an epidemiological model (3) to the age structure in Germany in 2010, the calculation shows 166 000 (95% CI 81 000-278 000) YLL due to diabetes for men and 137 000 (55 000 to 243 000) YLL for women. This tallies very well in the sex ratio as well as in the magnitude of the GBD estimates of 140 000 YLL and 110 000 YLL, respectively (1). These data and the prognoses from (3) stress the enormous individual and societal burden of diabetes in Germany

Purpose: This study was aimed to systematically identify and review studies conducted using simulated client/patients that examine medicine selling prices in healthcare settings, including pharmacies, clinics, and hospitals. The quoted drug pricing information, including the dispensing fees and healthcare financing system of the countries involved, were also compared.Design/methodology/approach: We searched Pubmed, OVID, Scopus, Ebsco (Medline) and ProQuest for papers reporting on simulated patient studies in various medical settings, specifying drug or pharmaceutical pricings. Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, longitudinal studies, cohort or case–control studies, and descriptive studies were included. The quality of included studies was checked using a validated tool.Findings: A total of 19 papers from 13 countries from all regions of the world were included in this systematic review. Various ,edical conditions that were presented by the simulated pati...

In the United States, racial disparities in HIV/AIDS are stark. Although African Americans comprise an estimated 14% of the U.S. population, they made up 52% of new HIV cases among adults and adolescents diagnosed in 2009. Heterosexual transmission is now the second leading cause of HIV in the United States. African Americans made up a full two-thirds of all

Latar Belakang: Setiap ibu hamil akan mengalami perubahan psikologis, diantaranya kecemasan yang berlebih menjelang persalinan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan tentang persalinan. salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang persalinan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan media aplikasi smartphone BCBS terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang persalinan. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasy experimental pretest and posttest with control group. Teknik pengambilan data yaitu quota sampling. Jumlah sampel 48 orang (24 kelompok intervensi dan 24 kelompok kontrol). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan dan sikap. Uji yang digunakan yaitu uji Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney, Paired sample t test dan Non paired sample t test. Hasil: Rerata usia kelompok intervensi adalah 27,61 tahun sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 28 tahun. Mayoritas responden berpendidikan SMA/SMK, i...

Substantial effort has gone into scientifically developing and evaluating HIV prevention interventions. These programs make only minor contributions to HIV prevention efforts until they are widely put into practice; however, little research has been conducted to study how evidence-based, community-level HIV prevention interventions diffuse from research into practice. This article explores how one such evidence-based intervention for young MSM, the Mpowerment Project (MP), is scaling up in the US. The goals of this article are threefold: (a) to describe our longitudinal study, currently underway, concerning issues regarding translating research to practice; (b) present detailed data from 69 CBOs that are implementing the MP regarding characteristics of their communities, agencies, and target populations; and (c) to present baseline data on how these agencies are attempting to implement the MP, focusing on which intervention components CBOs decided to implement, modify, or delete and the implications of these modifications. Substantial research and funding have gone into developing and evaluating HIV prevention interventions that are based on current theories of behavior change, utilize rigorous research designs, and focus on groups at high risk for HIV (

The prevention of weight gain to address the obesity epidemic rather than weight loss involves promoting small changes in food choices and physical activity. People United to Sustain Health (PUSH) was designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and food security to prevent weight gain in rural adults. Forty-nine participants were randomized into a treatment group which received access to a "Rolling Store," nutrition education and physical activity, and a control group which received family coping classes. Forty-one (84%) of participants completed the study. At the end of 6 months, weight for all participants was maintained from baseline to completion with no significant differences between the groups. The mean fruit consumption over 6 months for the treatment group increased and was significantly greater than change in the control group (p = 0.01). This community-based participatory research study was considered successful because weight gain was prevented.

The Brazilian National Network of Human Milk Banks (REDEBLH), with its headquarters in the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, is experiencing rapid growth. The Network's activity has been acknowledged by the World Health Organization and received the Sasakawa Health Award in 2001 for best public health project. One of the main challenges is to ensure continuing development of competencies to respond to the needs arising from such growth. A new strategy is being pursued to deal with the Network's management issues. This article aims to develop a conceptual framework to contribute to the elaboration of a theoretical framework for new management strategies in the REDEBLH. Using such concepts, the aim is to draw on the typology of networks described in the specialized literature to identify the institutional profile of the REDEBLH. Based on the understanding that it is necessary to identify and understand the processes occurring within networks, and after which to consid...

Background According to the socio-ecological model, policy is one of the levers to initiate structural and environmental changes to foster health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) promotion (Golden et al., 2015). However, little is known about local evidence to support governments in their policies to promote HEPA (Bull, 2018). Research on HEPA policies at local level seems particularly remains scant (Noël Racine et al., 2020). This study aims to carry out the collection of comprehensive information on municipal HEPA policies of the French Riviera to provide an overview of the development of these policies on this territory. Methods Mid-size cities from 2 counties of the French South Region were targeted (n = 17). In each city, a local HEPA policy analysis tool, CAPLA-Santé, was administered to key informants heading the departments of sport, health and social. CAPLA-Santé is a local policy analysis tool adapted from the national HEPA policy analysis tool (HEPA PAT version 2) devel...

Physical inactivity is considered a pandemic, requiring strong policy responses to address this major health issue. However, research on the development of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity policies (HEPA) remains scarce, particularly at the local level. There is a need to produce evidence to better understand the process to develop local HEPA policies. This study aims to model the development of HEPA policy promotion in French municipalities from empirical data and policy science theories. This research was undertaken in three steps: (1) assess the level of development of HEPA policies from 10 French municipalities using a local HEPA analysis tool, (2) provide a brief overview of core political science theories applied in health promotion, and (3) from these empirical and theoretical perspectives, model a conceptual framework to better understand the development of HEPA policy promotion in French municipalities. Based on empirical data and the Multiple Streams, policy cycles and I...

Background Policy is one of the levers for initiating structural change to foster the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA). To this end, policy-makers have to deal with complex ecosystems embedded in specific contexts. However, limited research has been conducted on this topic at the local level. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceived barriers and levers of HEPA policies according to department heads and elected officials across various sectors in mid-size French municipalities. Methods This study used a mixed method primarily based on an adaptation of the concept mapping approach. A list of statements completing the sentence: ‘In a mid-size municipal context, to develop HEPA policies, it is necessary to …’ was submitted to key informants of 17 mid-sized French cities. Key informants in each municipality first rated the importance of each statement without considering their local context; they then rated the feasibility of each statement given thei...

Differences in dietary intake and physical activity may explain the higher prevalence of obesity among adolescents living in rural versus urban settings. The objective of this cross-sectional secondary analysis was to compare baseline dietary intake and physical activity of adolescents by rurality. We analyzed data on 940 adolescents who participated in AC-TION PAC (Adolescents Committed to Improvement of Nutrition and Physical Activity), an obesity prevention and management intervention trial conducted from 2014 through 2017 in 8 public high schools in the southwestern United States. Dietary intake was assessed with the Block Food Screener, and participants completed an exercise log and wore an accelerometer to provide data on physical activity. We compared data by rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes and log population density by using multilevel models, with students nested within zip code and repeated measures for accelerometer analysis. After adjusting for socioeconomic status and ethnicity, accelerometer data indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 8.17 min/d (P = .02) higher and sedentary time was 20.42 min/d (P = .02) lower in moderately urban areas than in the urban reference area. Each 1-unit increase in log population density was associated with higher reported intake of whole grains (0.02 ounce equivalents, P = .03), potatoes (0.01 cup equivalents, P = .02), and added sugar (0.37 tsp, P = .02) after adjusting for socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Differences in reported dietary intake and physical activity level by measures of rurality were small and inconsistent in direction to explain the disparities observed in rural versus urban areas.

Resumo: A Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNaPS) foi implantada em 2006, com o intuito de auxiliar a campanha de combate as doenças não transmissíveis juntamente com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A partir de 2014 foi reformulada e teve a inserção de programas voltados ao sedentarismo, tabagismo e má alimentação, visando auxiliar na promoção da qualidade de vida da população brasileira. O objetivo da presente investigação foi analisar os programas de promoção da saúde, em especial os programas Academia da Saúde e Vida Saudável, a fim de identificar a oferta de políticas públicas nessa área, sua organização e público-alvo atendido. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados indicam que os programas de promoção da saúde no Brasil são viáveis para a melhora do estado de saúde dos sujeitos sociais, contudo é necessário maior fiscalização dos meios públicos, quanto à organização, financiamento e a inserção de profissionais vinculados ao trabalho de cada programa ofertado nessa política.

Objective: To explore the verbal communication of child care providers regarding preschool children's internal and non-internal hunger and satiation cues. Methods: Video observation transcripts of Head Start staff (n ¼ 29) at licensed child care centers in Colorado, Idaho, and Nevada were analyzed for common themes. Results: Adults' verbal communication with children at mealtimes emphasized non-internal cues: (1) cueing children to amounts without referencing children's internal cues; (2) meal termination time; (3) asking children if they wanted more without referencing their internal cues; (4) asking children if they were done without referencing their internal cues; (5) telling children to take, try, eat, or finish food; (6) praising children for eating; and (7) telling children about food being good for you. Adults demonstrated an overriding effort to get children to eat. Conclusions and Implications: Training needs to be developed that gives specifics on verbally cueing young children to their internal hunger and satiation cues.

Background -Even after more than 60 years of independence, open air defecation is widely prevalent in rural India. To find out the reasons for under utilization of community latrines in a rural set up of district Pune, Maharashtra, India and to recommend measures which would lead to increase in the utilization of the sanitary latrines. The present community based crosssectional study was carried out in a village of district Pune (Maharashtra) during May-June 2011 among 282 subjects. A modified WHO questionnaire adapted to local conditions was used for data collection. Interpretation of data was done using percentages and proportions. In spite of presence of community latrines, 67% of the population resorted to open air defecation. Inadequate water was the major reason for under utilization (48.6%) of community latrines followed by lack of awareness about the availability of these (19.5%). Only 14.5% were not aware of any harmful effect of open air defecation. 66.7% of them had the knowledge of night soil disposal. 77.6% were aware of the importance of hand washing with regards to prevention of disease. Women found open air defecation even more embarrassing and dangerous. The attitude to use these latrines is present in the surveyed population but people are not willing to take the responsibility of maintaining their cleanliness. Inadequate water supply stands out to be the most important reason for under utilization of these latrines. Reinforcement and guidance is required to solve the problem of under utilization of these latrines.

China implemented the first phase of its National Healthy Cities pilot program from 2016-20. Along with related urban health governmental initiatives, the program has helped put health on the agenda of local governments while raising public awareness. Healthy City actions taken at the municipal scale also prepared cities to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, after intermittent trials spanning the past two decades, the Healthy Cities initiative in China has reached a crucial juncture. It risks becoming inconsequential given its overlap with other health promotion efforts, changing public health priorities in response to the pandemic, and the partial adoption of the Healthy Cities approach advanced by the World Health Organization (WHO). We recommend aligning the Healthy Cities initiative in China with strategic national and global level agendas such as Healthy China 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing an integrative governance framework to facilitate a coherent

Although many literature reviews synthesize literature regarding workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions, systematic reviews on the effectiveness of and factors influencing the operation of WHP activities in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) are scarce. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evaluation studies to examine the effectiveness and factors related to the implementation of WHP programs in LMIC. Twenty-six peer-reviewed and grey evaluation studies, published before November 2017, were included from electronic databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science) and manual searching. The results revealed that WHP intervention in LMIC was effective in reducing health risks in a wide range of industries and settings, including in resource-poor contexts such as small enterprises and the manufacturing industry. The main factors positively influencing the effectiveness of the intervention are long intervention time period, and needsbased and active intervention strategies. In addition, commitment from workplace leaders, the involvement of workers, and support from authorities and professionals are factors contributing to a successful WHP program. However, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of WHP in LMIC regarding the health outcomes and business productivity is inconclusive due to the several remaining methodological limitations. Future developments of more rigorous methods of evaluating the effectiveness of WHP activities should be addressed in order to produce higher-quality evidence that would inform future practice.

The purpose of this study lies in verifying the effectiveness of the health promotion project which the public health center at the local level conducted by systematically linking the health examination results from the Health Insurance Corporation. We intend to emphasize the importance of linking the health-related public data. Methods: A survey was conducted to measure the effect of improving health behavior using EQ-5D-5L and demographic variables. Results: As a result of the analysis, the residents (3.13) who had experienced the use of public health centers recognized more necessity for the service linked systematically with health checkup data than those (2.93) who had not. In addition, the residents who had experienced the use of public health centers responded that their chronic diseases had improved compared to a year ago (2.78→2.93). Next, those (3.04) who had experienced the services linked with health checkup data recognized that their chronic diseases and health conditions had been improved compared to those (2.81) who had not. However, in EQ-5D-5L, after using the service, mobility showed no difference between those who had used the service and those who had not. Furthermore, even in terms of self-management, daily life, etc., the management ability was further improved compared to those who had not used it, before using the service. Conclusion: This study showed the improved health level when the health promotion service of the public health center was provided by systematically linking the health checkup data of the Health Insurance Corporation in Korea. In order to increase the effectiveness of health data-linked projects, it is necessary to prepare guidelines for linking the public health data and to expand the data-linked project. It will be needed to further subdivide the health checkup results to provide customized services, and to secure dedicated personnel to reinforce the system link.

This study aims to examine the current status and utilization of 22 health promotion projects that use the health care information system. We investigate the health promotion examination results for a counseling project held at health centers, which use information connected with the Health Insurance Corporation. First, we review the status of 22 health promotion projects, including 13 integrated health promotion projects and 9 other health promotion projects. Next, we examine the linkages between the 22 projects and other health promotion systems. Consequently, despite accumulating vast amounts of data, only 10 places could be linked to health promotion data in the health and medical information system; the Social Security Information Service was the only exception to this trend. The Public Health Information System (PHIS) had the lowest data utilization rate in the project. The study results show that it is necessary to utilize data from local health and medical institutions in order to provide information system-based health promotion services. In particular, it seems to be effective when health and medical institutions provided various counseling services and other linked services to local residents in connection with the Korea Health Insurance Corporation's health examination results.

As in other Western countries in the Netherlands during the first half of the twentieth century, large numbers of school children were sent to holiday camps or 'health colonies' to gain weight and recover strength. At first this large-scale hygienic enterprise was led by teachers, who wanted to 'save' poor, undernourished children by providing a 'healthy refuge' from the city. A few weeks of sunshine and fresh air at the seaside or in the woods was supposed to promote health and happiness and to improve morals. However, from 1920, stimulated by government subsidies, the colonies came under the authority and control of the medical profession. Consequently, criteria for admission were narrowed to purely medical reasons, particularly the prevention of tuberculosis, and the aims of the 'treatment' to physical improvement. In the process of medicalization of ordinary children's lives the intermediate category of 'weakness' (between healthy and ill) seems to have played an important role, justifying a massive philanthropic effort long after tuberculosis had stopped being a serious threat. Paediatricians created a somatic culture around the child's body, which was replaced by a psychiatric culture around children's emotions. This shift was stimulated by a second wave of medicalization focusing on mental health. Finally, a critical counter-discourse, nourished by psychoanalysis and the improved health condition of children, dispelled the illusion that sunshine and fresh air were medicine.

This article explores the formation of ‘health identities’: embodied subjectivities that emerge out of complex psychosocial contexts of reflexive modernity, in relation to data on health and illness practices among groups of people and patients using medical technologies including weight-loss drugs and the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil ( Viagra). We examine a range of health identities, from the ‘expert patient’ - a person who broadly adopts a biomedical model of health and illness, to a ‘resisting consumer’, who fabricates a health identity around lay experiential models of health and the body. The understanding of health identities is developed within a theoretical framework drawing on previous work on body/self and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. It is concluded that the constellation of health identities reflects the diversity of relations in an industrialized, technology-driven, consumer-oriented and media-saturated society.

Background-Community-based peer support may help meet practical, emotional and spiritual needs of African Americans with advanced cancer. Support teams are a unique model of peer support for persons facing serious illness, but research is rare. This study sought to 1) implement new volunteer support teams for African Americans with advanced cancer in two distinct regions, and 2) evaluate support teams' ability to improve support, awareness of services, and quality of life for these patients. Methods-The study used a pre-post design. Community and academic partners collaborated to implement volunteer support teams, and evaluate the intervention using pre-post surveys of volunteers and patients. Patients who declined support teams were also interviewed as a comparison group. Results-Investigators enrolled and trained 130 volunteers who formed 25 support teams in two geographic regions. Volunteers supported 25 African American patients with advanced cancer (72%) or other diseases. After 2 months, patients with support teams reported fewer needs for practical, emotional and spiritual support on a structured checklist. They more often communicated with someone about their cancer care needs (48% vs. 75%, p=0.04), and were more aware of Hospice (4% vs 25%, p=0.04), but quality of life scores were unchanged. Comparison patients who refused a support team had fewer support needs at baseline and follow-up, suggesting refusals were based on lack of need. volunteer support teams are a promising new model to provide peer support for African Americans facing cancer and other serious illnesses. Further testing in a pragmatic clinical trial is warranted.

Health literacy is an important outcome of the discussion of school-related health education and health promotion in the 21st century. Although the improvement of health literacy at an early age is increasingly recognized and few interventions show the development of children´s health literacy, still there is little research in this area. The purpose of the study was to examine the enhancement of health literacy among children in a physical activity-based program at elementary school. In total, 137 students aged 6–12 years participated in the program, which included health knowledge transfer in child-appropriate games and exercises. Participants´ health literacy was assessed using the HLS-Child-Q15-DE at the beginning and the end of the program. The instrument measures the access, understanding, appraisal and application of health-related information on a four-point Likert-type scale. As expected, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant increases in self-reported health l...

Objectives. We sought to determine the effects of a community-based, culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle intervention on risk factors for diabetes complications among African Americans and Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Methods. One hundred fifty-one African American and Latino adults with diabetes were recruited from 3 health care systems in Detroit, Michigan, to participate in the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Detroit Partnership diabetes lifestyle intervention. The curriculum, delivered by trained community residents, was aimed at improving dietary, physical activity, and diabetes self-care behaviors. Baseline and postintervention levels of diabetes-specific quality-of-life, diet, physical activity, self-care knowledge and behaviors, and hemoglobin A1C were assessed. Results. There were statistically significant improvements in postintervention dietary knowledge and behaviors and physical activity knowledge. A statistically significant improvement in ...

Exergames are electronic games that integrate elements of physical exercise with gaming technology, utilizing motion sensors, cameras, and other devices to track the player's movements and translate them into the virtual environment of the game. Frequently, these games are employed in contexts such as rehabilitation, physical training, and health promotion, particularly for populations such as the older adults, children, and individuals seeking more dynamic and motivating exercise options. The objective of this article was to conduct a scoping review to investigate the effects of exergames on cognitive capacity and balance in older adults. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed, LILACS, and Scopus databases in May 2023. Most studies highlighted positive results, demonstrating improvements in cognitive capacity, balance, muscle strength, functional mobility, and even a reduction in the risk of falls in older adults. However, it is important to consider factors such as usability, safety, and specific characteristics of the target population.

Addressing nicotine dependence is key to effective smoking cessation. While self-report measures of nicotine dependence are often challenged for their reliability and validity, there is a lack of non-invasive and inexpensive objective measures of nicotine dependence. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of using video-assisted smoking topography to derive objective measures indicative of nicotine dependence with the guidance of nicotine-receptor-based self-titration theory. METHODS Videotaped topography data were collected for one episode of smoking a whole cigarette the first time of the day from 10 cigarette smokers with diverse racial backgrounds (4 males and 6 females, mean age = 27 years, SD = 7.2). Temporal patterns of individual topographic measures (i.e. puff interval, puff speed, puff duration, inhalation duration, and rest duration) were measured and plotted against time. Levels of nicotine dependence were evaluated using three standard scales, including the 14-item DSM-IV scale, the 6-item ICD-10 scale, and the 6-item Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence. Both linear and non-linear fold catastrophe dynamic models were used to fit the data. RESULTS Compared with a linear model (R 2 from 0.003 to 0.74), the non-linear model more adequately captured the temporal pattern of topographic measures (R 2 from 0.11 to 0.99), especially puff speed. The indicators derived from the fitted fold catastrophe curve (e.g. average puff speed) were significantly associated with nicotine dependence scores, especially DSM-IV scale scores (r from 0.64 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest the potential to objectively and non-invasively measure nicotine dependence using video-assisted smoking topography.

We developed an alcohol self-administration paradigm to model individual differences in impaired control. The paradigm includes moderate drinking guidelines meant to model limits on alcohol consumption, which are typically exceeded by people with impaired control. Possible payment reductions provided a disincentive for excessive drinking. Alcohol use above the guideline, despite possible pay reductions, was considered to be indicative of impaired control. Heavydrinking 21-25 year-olds (N = 39) were randomized to an experimental condition including the elements of the impaired control paradigm or to a free-drinking condition without these elements. Alcohol self-administration was compared between these two conditions to establish the internal validity of the experimental paradigm. In both conditions, participants self-administered beer and non-alcoholic beverages for 3 hours in a bar setting with 1-3 other participants. Experimental condition participants self-administered significantly fewer beers and drank to lower bloodalcohol concentrations (BACs) on average than those in the free-drinking condition. Experimental condition participants were more likely than free-drinking condition participants to intersperse non-alcoholic beverages with beer and to drink at a slower pace. Although experimental condition participants drank more moderately than those in the free-drinking condition overall, their range of drinking was considerable (BAC range = .024-.097) with several participants drinking excessively. A lower initial subjective response to alcohol and earlier age of alcohol use onset were associated with greater alcohol self-administration in the experimental condition. Given the variability in response, the impaired control laboratory paradigm may have utility for preliminary tests of novel interventions in future studies and for identifying individual differences in problemdrinking risk.

Summary Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic halted everyday life in higher education along with social and psychological impacts. The objective of our study was to explore the factors related to sense of coherence (SoC) from a gender perspective among university students in Turkey. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted online with a convenience sampling method as part of the international COVID-Health Literacy (COVID-HL) Consortium. SoC was measured by a nine-item questionnaire that was adapted to the Turkish language, including socio-demographic information and health status, including psychological well-being, psychosomatic complaints, and future anxiety (FA). 1595 students from four universities, of whom 72% were female, participated in the study. Cronbach’s alpha for the SoC scale was 0.75. Based on the median split of the individual scores, levels of SoC showed no statistically significant difference according to gender. Lo...

Iron supplementation through prenatal care remains the most widespread strategy to control anemia during pregnancy, but its effectiveness is only partial, showing the need to address other approaches. This study was conducted to measure the impact of a positive deviance approach to improve an iron-supplementation program among pregnant women in a rural Senegalese area. A positive deviance approach (PD Micah) was compared with an ongoing integrated nutrition and health program intervention (Micah) in a rural Senegalese area. A pre-post evaluation was conducted using independent cross-sectional samples with a total of 371 pregnant women. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered, and biologic and anthropometric measurements were performed. After 9 months of activities, the mean hemoglobin level rose from 93.9 to 100.7 g/L in the PD Micah group. Distribution of iron supplements through community volunteers and implementation of healthy pregnancy promotion sessions on a monthly ...

This randomized behavioral trial examined whether youth living with HIV (YLH) receiving cellphone support with study funded phone plans, demonstrated improved adherence and viral control during the 24 week intervention and 24 weeks post-intervention compared to controls. Monday through Friday phone calls confirmed medications were taken, provided problem-solving support, and referred to services to address adherence barriers. Of 37 participants (ages 15-24), 62 % were male and 70 % were African American. Self-reported adherence was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control at 24 and 48 weeks for the past month (P = 0.007) and log 10 HIV VL was significantly lower at both 24 weeks (2.82 versus 4.52 P = 0.002) and 48 weeks (3.23 versus 4.23 P = 0.043). Adherence and viral load showed medium to large effect sizes across the 48 week study. This is the first study to demonstrate sustained clinically significant reductions in HIV VL using youth friendly technology.

Background. Recruitment of older adults into long-term clinical trials involving behavioral interventions is a significant challenge. The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is a Phase 3 multicenter randomized controlled multisite trial, designed to compare the effects of a moderate-intensity physical activity program with a successful aging health education program on the incidence of major mobility disability (the inability to walk 400 m) in sedentary adults aged 70-89 years, who were at high risk for mobility disability (scoring ≤9 on the Short Physical Performance Battery) at baseline. Recruitment methods, yields, efficiency, and costs are described together with a summary of participant baseline characteristics. Yields were examined across levels of sex, race and ethnicity, and Short Physical Performance Battery, as well as by site. Results. The 21-month recruiting period resulted in 14,812 telephone screens; 1,635 participants were randomized (67.2% women, 21.0% minorities, 44.7% with Short Physical Performance Battery scores ≤7). Of the telephone-screened participants, 37.6% were excluded primarily because of regular participation in physical activity, health exclusions, or self-reported mobility disability. Direct mailing was the most productive recruitment strategy (59.5% of randomized participants). Recruitment costs were $840 per randomized participant. Yields differed by sex and Short Physical Performance Battery. We accrued 11% more participant follow-up time than expected during the recruitment period as a result of the accelerated recruitment rate. Conclusions. The LIFE Study achieved all recruitment benchmarks. Bulk mailing is an efficient method for recruiting high-risk community-dwelling older persons (including minorities), from diverse geographic areas for this long-term behavioral trial.

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Sinds de ontwikkeling van de schoolSlag-werkwijze in 2002 en de landelijke 'vertaling' naar de Gezonde School neemt de aandacht voor planmatig schoolgezondheidsbeleid bij GGD'en in Nederland toe. Mede om deze ontwikkeling beter te stroomlijnen heeft het RIVM Centrum Gezond Leven (CGL) samen met partners de mate waarin GGD'en in Nederland scholen ondersteunen bij het vormgeven van structureel schoolgezondheidsbeleid in kaart gebracht. Dit onderzoek beschrijft welke activiteiten GGD'en in 2008 uitvoerden ter ondersteuning van scholen bij het vormgeven van schoolgezondheidsbeleid en welke belemmerende en bevorderende factoren ze binnen dit proces ondervonden. In totaal hebben medewerkers gezondheidsbevordering van 26 van de 30 in 2008 bestaande GGD'en een vragenlijst ingevuld en zijn bij zes van de 26 GGD'en verdiepende interviews afgenomen. De meerderheid van de GGD'en blijkt activiteiten uit te voeren die bijdragen aan structureel schoolgezondheidsbeleid. De ervaringen van de GGD'en zijn wisselend. Grote tijdinvestering en beperkt draagvlak bij GGD'en en scholen worden benoemd als belangrijkste belemmerende factoren voor succesvolle implementatie van schoolgezondheidsbeleid. Kansen liggen in het verbinden van onderwijsdoelen met publieke gezondheidsdoelen.

Objectives. The number of healthy school interventions of unknown quality overwhelms schools. Quality is a construct that is differently interpreted by teachers and health promoters. The schoolBeat checklist for quality assessment of healthy school interventions incorporates the quality perceptions of both professional groups. To support quality improvementsand thus effectivenessin school health promotion, this study evaluates the schoolBeat checklist. Methods. Twenty-nine healthy school interventions were assessed in the Netherlands, each by two health promoters and two teachersindividually and at a consensus meeting. Generalizability coefficients were calculated for the nine specific quality criteria. Results. The mean consensus score differs from the mean average individual score for two out of nine criteria. To obtain a threshold Generalizability coefficient of 0.70, the number of assessors required per criterion ranges from 1.6 to 10.8, with an average of 4.7. Conclusion. Quality assessment procedures of healthy school interventions using the schoolBeat checklist require about four experienced assessors from each professional domain to facilitate reliable quality scores based on individual assessment only. Publicly available quality scores enable the inclusion of high quality interventions in school policies in order to increase the impact of school health.