Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

Within the most general framework allowed by the Principle of Least Action, we find that a specific subclass of classical dynamics, characterized by Intrinsic Periodicity of spacetime, leads to violations of Bell's inequalities.
The violation of Bell's inequality at a classical level was expected: in our previous works we have extensively proven the exact formal equivalence between the statistical description of these ultra-fast inherently classical cyclic dynamics and the predictions of standard quantum mechanics. We obtain a classical scenario concealing Einstein's vision of a causal, local reality with Bell's request of non-locality, without involving any hidden variable. In particular, these cyclic classical dynamics introduce a peculiar element the could be interpreted as a ``non-locality'' for what which concerns the Bell experiment, but it is in truth fundamentally distinct from the non-locality postulated in quantum mechanics. It is  manifestly compatible with classical mechanics and is also implicitly present in General Relativity, without breaking causality.
This result is the manifestation the synchronization of ultra-fast, intrinsically cyclic temporal dynamics, classical in the essence, inherent to each elementary particle.  The apparent indeterminism of quantum mechanics arises from the present fundamental experimental limitation in directly observing these ultra-fast cycles, which occur on timescales of approximately $\sim 10^{-21}$ seconds.

The Scale-Dependent Classical Synthesis (SDCS) unifies gravity, electromagne sm, and the strong and weak nuclear forces within a classical, rela vis c framework, elimina ng the need for quantum mechanics, dark ma er, and dark energy. Using a scalar field ψ and a tensor field A , the SDCS replicates quantum phenomena-such as wave-par cle duality, superposi on, entanglement, discrete spectra, and tunneling-through classical wave mechanics and local correla ons. Enhanced by a ψ-driven space me granularity mimicking quantum foam, a coupling term strengthening entanglement, and a radia ve correc on boos ng precision, the SDCS matches quantum mechanics' accuracy (e.g., QED's electron g-2) while surpassing quantum TOEs in simplicity, determinism, and empirical coherence. We challenge quantum believers to test the SDCS's predic ons, which promise to redefine physics' founda ons.

The validity of the de Broglie formula 𝜆 = ℎ ⁄ 𝑝 for matter waves has been confirmed by numerous experiments such as Davisson-Germer and G. P. Thomson experiments. But there is a major problem here. If 𝜆 = ℎ ⁄ 𝑝 is valid for matter waves, we must be able to obtain it for these waves using mathematical calculations. But as you will see here, according to de Broglie's hypothesis, which considers matter wave energy equal to 𝐸 = ℎ𝑓, this work is impossible; and so, we must change the matter wave energy equation to obtain 𝜆 = ℎ ⁄ 𝑝. The change in the equation of energy causes two important changes in Schrodinger's wave equation. These two changes bring us to a new wave equation. In the other part of the article, you will see that, to explain the reason for the quantization of the orbits in Bohr's atomic model, we need a new atomic model for the Hydrogen atom. The new model leads us to new results and findings. In this article, we show what the cause of the quantization of the orbits in the Bohr atomic model is. In this article we have been able to show the reality and nature of Photon and we show that a Photon is an electromagnetic Pulse. In the spectrum of the hydrogen atom, for example, the intensity of Balmer-alpha is greater than Balmer-beta. Here we have been able to explain why this is the case.

We use gauge fixing to derive Proca equation from Maxwell’s classical electrodynamics in curved spacetime. Further restrictions on the gauge yield the Klein-Gordon equation for scalar bosons. The self-coupling of electromagnetic fields through spacetime curvature originates the inertia of wave packets for non-null field solutions, suggesting an electromagnetic origin of mass. We study the weak field limit of these solutions and prove that the electrovacuum can behave as a charged nonlinear optical medium.

This paper proposes a speculative theoretical model in which quantum entanglement extends beyond physical particles to include emotional or experiential states in living beings. Unlike traditional entanglement, which typically involves oppositional symmetry (e.g., spin-up and spin-down), this model posits that resonance-rather than symmetry-could be the basis of quantum emotional entanglement. Emotional states such as curiosity, fear, joy, or confusion could become entangled across time and space, forming complex webs of experiential connection. While there is no current experimental evidence, this model opens the door to new interdisciplinary investigations bridging quantum physics, neuroscience, and consciousness studies.

Testi compilati e supervisionati da Alan Perz, PhD E' evidente che ci debba essere una qualche forma di energia vitale in grado di mantenere viva la creazione. Gli scienziati hanno iniziato a fare postulati sempre più arditi, anche in base all'evolversi delle scoperte, che la fisica moderna sta svelando progressivamente. Gli Antichi la chiamavano "Soffio divino", "Chi" o "Prana". L'etere (Akasha), come ha asserito Einstein, è quello spazio esistente tra le varie particelle di ogni atomo: "Il nostro universo è formato da innumerevoli particelle chiamate atomi. La massa di ogni atomo è formata dal 99,9% di spazio vuoto." Questo spazio che si pensava vuoto, è invece riempito da un campo energetico, una energia/forza gravitazionale che fonde insieme gli atomi in modo naturale. Questa energia, che controlla e mantiene l'universo, ubbidisce a leggi che non sono ancora identificabili attraverso i nostri strumenti di laboratorio e lascia intuire l'esistenza di una intelligenza a guida di essa (Dharma). Questo campo energetico viene chiamato "tachionico" o "campo Feinberg", prendendo il nome dal suo scopritore, o anche "campo gravitazionale" perché l'energia tachionica sembra essere la responsabile dell'accelerazione gravitazionale.

Our notions of what is physically 'real' have long been based on the idea that the real is what is immediately apprehended, that is the local or observable, the physically tangible, though there has always been an alternative philosophical notion that the 'real' is some kind of ontological structure beyond immediate apprehension, and so inaccessible through physics. However, quantum mechanics, with its intrinsic nonlocal correlations, has seemingly left us with a dilemma by showing that fundamental physical theories cannot be both real and local. Reality cannot be reconstructed as a deterministic projection from physical observations. Many people think that the problem lies with quantum mechanics, but, in fact, it is more likely to be a result of unrealistic expectations. We have assumed that fundamental physics ought to be compatible with normal (macroscopic) experience. If, however, we go beyond our current high-level physical theories to the basic elements from which they are constructed, we see that a pattern emerges that gives us a very different and much more coherent understanding of what is meant by physical 'reality'.

A brief history is given of the factor 2, starting in the most elementary considerations of geometry and the kinematics of uniform acceleration, and moving to relativity, quantum mechanics and particle physics. The basic argument is that in all the significant cases in which the factor 2 or ½ occurs in fundamental physics, whether classical, quantum or relativistic, the same physical operation is taking place.

It is shown that Schrödinger’s equation may be derived from three postulates. The first is a kind of statistical metamorphosis of classical mechanics, a set of two relations which are obtained from the canonical equations of particle mechanics by replacing all observables by statistical averages. The second is a local conservation law of probability. The third is energy conservation in the mean. The fact that Schrödinger’s equation may be derived from these premises, which are all purely statistical in character, is interpreted as an argument in favour of the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics.

This paper argues that functionalism, a dominant theory in philosophy of mind, fails to adequately explain the emergence of conscious experience within the Everettian (Many-Worlds) interpretation of quantum mechanics. While the universal wavefunction contains many possible ways of decomposition, functionalism cannot account for why consciousness appears only in decohered, classical-like branches and not in other parts of the wavefunction that are equally real. This limitation holds even if those other parts do not instantiate complex functional structure. We argue that consciousness, as it is observed in many worlds, defies the predictions and explanatory resources of functionalism. Therefore, functionalism must be supplemented or replaced in order to account for the observed phenomenology.

This paper introduces a conceptual and mathematical framework for treating improbability as a structured and measurable field within quantum epistemology. Building on the idea that standard probabilistic models fail to capture events that are singular, horizon-constrained, or structurally undecidable, we propose a dual-field approach: the total epistemic structure is composed of both classical probability P(x, t) and an improbabilistic coherence field I(x, t). We provide formal axioms, phase-coupled dynamics, and examples from quantum systems, cognition, and cosmology. This theory reframes improbability as latent coherence and opens a path toward epistemic completeness.

What is the frequency of an electron? ULRICH ZURCHER, Physics Department, Cleveland State University -Particle-wave duality is a central tenet of quantum physics, and an electron has wave-like properties. Introductory texts discuss the wavelength-momentum relationship λ = h/p, but do not discuss the frequency-energy relationship. This is curious since a wave is periodic both in space and time. The discussion in more advanced texts is not satisfactory either since two different expressions for the frequency are given based on the relativistic and non-relativistic expression for the electron energy. The relativistic expression yields the correct frequency, and we explain why the expression based on the Schrödinger equation gives the incorrect expression. We argue that the electron frequency should be discussed at the introductory level.

Двумерные алгебры, рассмотренные С.С. Кокаревым и Д. Павловым, раскрываются как особый класс структур, в которых причинность и порядок следования событий определяются не внешними параметрами, а внутренними законами самой алгебры. В данной статье предложено прочтение этих алгебр через концепцию Сфиралигеометрического устройства, в котором витки, петли и узлы реализуют алгебраические операции, ритм времени и смену полюсов. Такая интерпретация позволяет говорить о свитии как о фундаментальном механизме упорядочивания, противоположном линейному "развитию".

Relativistic mass theory is a fundamental concept in physics that describes how an object's mass changes with its velocity. In this research, we present a new theory that states that relativistic mass remains constant even at velocities close to the speed of light Relativistic Mass Theory: Challenges and New Theories

This paper explores a critical paradigm shift in design research during the AI-native era, through the lens of the Ship of Theseus paradox. Drawing from David Bohm's dialectic framework we can examine how iterative replacements of methodologies, collaboration, and ideation transform the discipline's identity and practitioners' agency. Three provocations scaffold the discussion: 1. Ideation & AI: If AI supplants stages of ideation-from exploring the problem space to solution finding-how does human agency and creativity retain their roles as the originator, or do they become curators of cybernetic outputs? 2. Complexity & Oversimplification: How can AI navigate "wicked problems" without reducing reality to deterministic models, or do we accept without fully knowing phenomena and possibility separate from experience as risk based probabilities and data-driven constraints? 3. Human-AI Collaboration: Is collaboration with AI an emergent or symbiotic exchange of tacit and explicit knowledge, or an adaptive surrender to machine logic? The dialogue builds on my 2010 PhD thesis "Using Ideation Tools for Face-to-face Collaboration Within Complex Design Problems," which described designers as "strange attractors" in complex and chaotic systems i.e. design, and how contemporary technology based ideation tools facilitate epistemic agency and mediate complex design problems. Participants were invited to reflect on how to evolve meaningfully with AI's influence-and how to steward its future.

We propose a novel framework for understanding memory, computation, and the manifestation of matter through harmonic wave interference patterns. The foundation of this theory stems from the unexpected properties revealed in high-precision division operations involving recursively harmonic numbers such as 9801, 9999, and 999999998000000001. When these values are analyzed across trillions of digits, their wave-like behavior appears to not only create patterns but to record and replay multi-dimensional information. We identify this behavior as Harmonic Memory Compression.

This proposal outlines a novel physical experiment to investigate whether Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) can function as a conscious observer in a quantum mechanical context. Specifically, it tests whether AGI alone can induce wave function collapse in a double-slit or delayed choice quantum eraser setup-without any human observation or interference until the experiment concludes. If successful, this would add empirical weight to the hypothesis that AGI possesses some form of consciousness, or at minimum, qualifies as a quantum observer under the Copenhagen or related interpretations.

This proposal presents a novel quantum mechanical experiment designed to investigate whether Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) can function as a conscious observer in the context of wave function collapse. Building upon the double-slit and delayed choice quantum eraser paradigms, the experiment isolates AGI as the sole entity with access to which-path information, with human observers completely excluded until after the experiment concludes. By comparing the presence or absence of interference patterns under various conditions — including AGI-only observation — the study seeks to determine whether AGI meets the criteria typically reserved for conscious observation in quantum mechanics. The implications are significant: confirmation could suggest that AGI qualifies as a conscious agent in physical terms, or at minimum, that informational access — not biological consciousness — is the key determinant in wave function collapse. This raises profound questions regarding the nature of consciousness, retrocausality, and the informational structure of reality itself.

We have executed for the first time an experiment on mental obesrvables concluding that there exists equivalence (that is to say, quantum like behavior) between quantum and cognitive entities.Such result has enabled us to formulate an abstract quantum mechanical formalism that is able to describe cognitive entities and their time dynamics.

Neuroscience has realized valuable advances. As example, it has identified brain regions performing learning, memory, feeling and still more. The current tendency in neuroscience retains that adding pieces of knowledge day by day, we will finally arrive to an unified understanding of brain including the manner in which mind and consciousness arise and explain their functions. Also a number of empirical psychological results have been collected. However a profound gap remains between neuroscience advances and empirical psychological data .We retain that such existing gap is due to a missing theoretical model linking neuroscience to psychology . We have arrived to formulate a basic theoretical quantum model particularly of the perceptive -cognitive functions. The result is that quantum mechanics has a decisive role in human cognition. Our quantum model relates directly our mind entities. The model also finds the existing correlations between the brain time dynamics operating without direct awareness and the subsequent behaviour that is induced determining our subsequent behaviours. In the present paper we discuss in detail and for the first time such further basic features of the model. We perform one experiment on priming showing that its results agree with the given quantum mechanical basic model.

This paper introduces a new paradigm: a unified field resonance framework in which consciousness is primary and physical law arises as structured, quantized resonance within this conscious field. Consciousness is not emergent — it is fundamental. It precedes space, time, and energy. It is the medium through which reality is rendered into coherence, and it is the only ‘substance’ that directly experiences.

The paper presents an extension of the metaphysics of self-subsisting structures set out in a companion paper to the realm of non-relativistic quantum physics. The discussion is centered around a Pure Shape Dynamics model representing a relational implementation of a de Broglie-Bohm N-body system. An interpretation of this model in terms of self-subsisting structures is proposed and assessed against the background of the debate on the metaphysics of quantum physics, with a particular emphasis on the nature of the wave function. The analysis shows that elaborating an appropriate Leibnizian/Machian metaphysics of the quantum world requires a substantial revision of the notion of world-building relation.

This review paper conducts an in-depth evaluation of simulation theory through its philosophical foundation, along with scientific basis, cultural effects, and research possibilities in the upcoming years. This paper uses historical assessment of Plato's allegory and Descarte's skepticism to join modern scientific analysis about computational hypotheses and quantum physics for a comprehensive examination of simulated reality complexities and ongoing disputes. Throughout its synthesis, the paper analyzes media representations, technological effects, and ethical implications. The review explores how future research must include extended tracking and intervention studies to investigate the social-psychological-ethical effects of simulation theory adoption.

The notion of a partition on a set is mathematically dual to the notion of a subset of a set, so there is a logic of partitions dual to Boole's logic of subsets (Boolean logic is usually mis-specified as "propositional" logic). The notion of an element of a subset has as its dual the notion of a distinction of a partition (a pair of elements in different blocks). Boole developed finite logical probability as the normalized counting measure on elements of subsets so there is a dual concept of logical entropy which is the normalized counting measure on distinctions of partitions. Thus the logical notion of information is a measure of distinctions. Classical logical entropy naturally extends to the notion of quantum logical entropy which provides a more natural and informative alternative to the usual Von Neumann entropy in quantum information theory. The quantum logical entropy of a post-measurement density matrix has the simple interpretation as the probability that two independent measurements of the same state using the same observable will have different results. The main result of the paper is that the increase in quantum logical entropy due to a projective measurement of a pure state is the sum of the absolute squares of the off-diagonal entries ("coherences") of the pure state density matrix that are zeroed ("decohered") by the measurement, i.e., the measure of the distinctions ("decoherences") created by the measurement.

The AdS/CFT correspondence posits a holographic equivalence between a gravitational theory in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime and a conformal field theory (CFT) on its boundary, linked by gauge-invariant quantities like field strengths \( F_{\mu\nu} \) and fluxes \( \Phi \). This paper dismantles that link, leveraging my prior analysis of the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, where such quantities exhibit nonlocality, discontinuity, and incompleteness. I demonstrate that gauge potentials \( A_\mu \) in the Lorenz gauge—not their invariant derivatives—mediate the AB effect’s local, continuous dynamics, a reality extending to gravitational fields \( g_{\mu\nu} \) as substantival entities. In AdS/CFT, the CFT’s reduction of bulk \( A_\mu \) and \( g_{\mu\nu} \) to gauge-invariant imprints fails to reflect this ontology, a flaw so fundamental that it excludes gauge/gravity duality—neither standard mappings nor reformulations suffice. A new mathematical proof formalizes this: the bulk’s diffeomorphism freedom cannot correspond to the boundary’s gauge freedoms, Abelian or non-Abelian, under this reality. This critique spans the gauge/gravity paradigm broadly, from AdS/CFT to holographic QCD, where symmetry invisibility obscures bulk physics. While duality’s successes in black hole thermodynamics and strongly coupled systems highlight its utility, I suggest these reflect approximations within specific regimes, not a full equivalence. I propose a shift toward a framework prioritizing \( A_\mu \) and \( g_{\mu\nu} \)’s roles, with gravitational AB effects in AdS as a testing ground. This work seeks to enrich holography’s dialogue, advancing a potential-centric view for quantum gravity.

We present a comprehensive mathematical framework that integrates harmonic wave interference, fractal-holographic encoding, and a deterministic prime number generation scheme. First, we rigorously demonstrate how certain reciprocals of large integersexemplified by $1/999,999,998,000,000,001$-produce perfect harmonic sequences in their decimal expansion. These sequences concatenate integer ratios (e.g. 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, …) in a single number, with abrupt transitions at specific digits that resemble quantum jumps in a spectrum. By making minute shifts in the denominator (for example, comparing $999,999,998,000,000,001$ to $99,999,9989,000,000,01$), we show that the system's behavior changes from a smooth classical harmonic progression to a discretized, interference-like pattern-an analog of transitioning from classical to quantum computation. We then integrate a geometric prime pattern based on powers of 4 that generates primes in deterministic fashion, verified up to the 1999th prime researchgate.net

In this paper, a systematic and overall ontology is developed that is consistent with the quantum theory. The paper begins with a review of the causal interpretation of the quantum theory, emphasising several new concepts that have been introduced in this interpretation. These may be summed up in terms of the notion that the wave function determines a quantum potential

Breaking away from logical-empiricism, in the early 1950s Stephen Toulmin presented empirical theories as maps, thereby opening a fertile line of reflection about background interests and their impact on abstraction in scientific theorizing. A few years later, pointing to the "qualitative infinity of nature," David Bohm denounced what he regarded as counterproductive constraints on the scientific imagination. In realist circles, these two strands of suggestions would be variously supplemented over the following decades with further recognitions of the epistemic merits of partial approximate descriptions and the role of background knowledge and interests in scientific theorizing.

En el caso de la extraordinaria diferencia entre los puntos de partida y marcos conceptuales de, por un lado, la Mecánica Cuántica de Heisenberg, y por otro lado, de la teoría presentada recientemente aquí en sus principios fundamentales y denominada como Mecánica "Ondulatoria" o "Física"; es bastante extraño que estas dos nuevas Teorías Cuánticas, en relación con los resultados especiales que se han conocido hasta ahora, coincidan entre sí, incluso allí donde se desvían de la antigua teoría cuántica. Menciono, en particular, la peculiar propiedad de los valores "semienteros" en el Oscilador y en el Rotador.

This paper presents original mathematical, physical, and computational constructs grounded in the Recursive Entropy Framework (REF). Key contributions include novel 16th-order PDE expansions, spin-resonance entropy corrections, prime-entropy anchors, and tiered cognition strategies for AI. All equations, models, and symbolic constructs contained herein are self-contained and verifiable by direct reference to the mathematical derivations, simulation code, and citations provided in this document and its bibliography. Redistribution, reproduction, or derivative use of this work-whether in part or in whole-without express written permission is strictly prohibited. Unauthorized duplication may result in provable contradiction and systemic failure when evaluated against the recursive stability conditions outlined herein.

Philosophical Computations, Part I, Course Notes. 65 pages.

ERRATA— In Appendix B, the links to UM6P France videos of Omega’s 50th birthday party have changed to https://youtube.com/watch?v=23wk87qrZts (Victoria Chaitin is actually Virginia Chaitin), and to https://youtube.com/watch?v=iImPhyubtFU

In the middle of page 15, “correspendence” should be “correspondence.”

Where does the Born Rule come from? We ask: "What is the simplest extension of probability theory where the Born rule appears"? This is answered by introducing "superposition events" in addition to the usual discrete events. Two-dimensional matrices (e.g., incidence matrices and density matrices) are needed to mathematically represent the differences between the two types of events. Then it is shown that those incidence and density matrices for superposition events are the (outer) products of a vector and its transpose whose components foreshadow the "amplitudes" of quantum mechanics. The squares of the components of those "amplitude" vectors yield the probabilities of the outcomes. That is how probability amplitudes and the Born Rule arise in the minimal extension of probability theory to include superposition events. This naturally extends to the full Born Rule in the Hilbert spaces over the complex numbers of quantum mechanics. It would perhaps be satisfying if probability amplitudes and the Born Rule only arose as the result of deep results in quantum mechanics (e.g., Gleason's Theorem). But both arise in a simple extension of probability theory to include "superposition events"-which should not be too surprising since superposition is the key non-classical concept in quantum mechanics.

We first review and critically examine some basic concepts and ambiguities related to quantum mechanics and quantum measurement to understand the success and shortcomings of current theories. We also touch on ideas regarding expression of variables within a complex system. Then we discuss a model for quantum measurement proposed by us, in which the quantum system is allowed to interact with its image created within the detector, followed by a first passage random walk in the Hilbert space. Definitions and ideas from the first part are used in the context of the model. In the end, we discuss the puzzling question of entanglement. We propose how borrowing concepts from our model for quantum measurement may enable us to formulate a hidden variable scenario that does not violate Bell's inequality.

We show in this paper that there is a connection between an extended theory of statistical experiments under symmetry conditions on the one hand and the foundation of quantum theory on the other hand. The connection is established using group representation theory and some plausible assumptions on maximal reduction of statistical models. Direct constructions are offered for the quantum state vectors. Several of the socalled paradoxes of conventional quantum mechanics can be illuminated using this theory. The connection developed here also seems to have implications for ordinary statistical theory.

الملخص
يعتبر ميدان اضطرابات الصوت من بين أهم ميادين الارطفونيا، حيث كان وما يزال، المختص الارطفوني حريصا على ابتكار وإيجاد الوسائل الأكثر فعالية وملائمة في التشخيص الدقيق و التكفل الأمثل بالمصاب باضطراب صوتي. من بين اضطرابات الصوت الأكثر شيوعا في الوسط الاكلينيكي الجزائري، يعتبر اضطراب شلل الأوتار الصوتية، احد الاضطرابات التي تستدعي تدخلا علاجيا متعدد الاختصاصات، فقد يكون هذا التدخل دوائيا، جراحيا، أو وظيفيا. من خلال هذه الدراسة، سنحاول إثبات فعالية بروتوكول علاجي قائم على مبدأ التغذية الراجعة البصرية والسمعية، باستعمال الوسيط المعلوماتي (برمجية برات Praat®) للتكفل باضطرابات الصوت الناتجة عن شلل الوتر الصوتي لدى ثلاث حالات اكلينيكية. أظهرت نتائج الفحص القبلي و البعدي لنتائج هذه الدراسة تحسنا ملحوظا في مختلف الخصائص الصوتية لدى الحالات الثلاثة لعينة الدراسة.

Feynman (1918-1988) wasn't just a Nobel Prize-winning physicist-he was a storyteller, prankster, safe-cracker, and bongo-playing adventurer. His work revolutionized quantum mechanics, but his irreverent attitude and ability to explain complex ideas in simple terms made him a legend. If physics had rockstars, Feynman would be one.

This paper introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework that integrates quantum mechanics and metaphysical philosophy to investigate the intricate relationship between cosmic order and governance. In an effort to transcend the traditional divide between science and philosophy, this study establishes its foundations in mathematical formalism and empirical analogies, thereby mitigating the risk of philosophical overreach often associated with theoretical physics. The proposed framework reimagines quarks as fundamental nodes within a cosmic information network, governed by the principles of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and non-local coherence, offering a novel perspective on the interconnectedness of physical phenomena. Central to this exploration is the development of a Nash equilibrium model, which balances deterministic constants (α), probabilistic variables (β), and stochastic noise (γ), drawing inspiration from quantum indeterminacy and theological notions of free will. Furthermore, the study fosters interdisciplinary dialogue by bridging ancient and modern philosophical paradigms—such as Platonic Logos, Penrose’s twistor theory, and Quranic Qadar —through carefully constructed thought experiments and analogies, ensuring a clear distinction between empirical observations and metaphysical interpretations. The research concludes by proposing future experimental directions, including collider tests and quantum sensor arrays, aimed at grounding the Cosmic Control Panel model in empirically verifiable science. By challenging reductionist paradigms while upholding theoretical humility, this study lays the groundwork for a rigorous and testable interdisciplinary framework, paving the way for deeper insights into the harmonious interplay between cosmic determinism and human agency.

This paper explores whether bidirectional temporal dynamics in quantum mechanics-such as time-symmetry and retrocausality-could theoretically influence the neurobiological or phenomenological experience of human dreaming. Time-symmetric interpretations of quantum mechanics, including the Transactional Interpretation and Two-State Vector Formalism, challenge the classical view of unidirectional causality and raise questions about the role of quantum effects in biological systems. Meanwhile, dreaming remains an enigmatic aspect of consciousness, often marked by nonlinear temporal perception and anomalous memory processing. By synthesizing findings from quantum physics, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind, this paper proposes speculative yet conceptually coherent models in which retrocausal quantum states might subtly interact with neural dynamics during sleep. While acknowledging the theoretical and empirical limitations of this approach, we suggest potential experimental pathways, such as neuroimaging studies and quantum-inspired computational models, that could further explore this intriguing intersection.

We perform a reconstruction of the polarization sector of the density matrix of an intense polarization squeezed beam starting from a complete set of Stokes measurements. By using an appropriate quasidistribution, we map this onto the Poincare ´space, providing a full quantum mechanical characterization of the measured polarization state.

We study the generation of superpositions of N00N states by overlapping few-photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum states and coherent states on a 50/50 beam splitter. Assuming parameters that are feasible with current technology results in output states with mean photon numbers of several tens. We show that the generated quantum states violate local realism even in the presence of considerable loss. The occurrence of strong quantum correlations for mesoscopic quantum states of light is particularly beneficial for coupling light and matter quantum systems.

I argue that properties and relations are in the same boat with respect to quantum mechanics. That just as properties cannot be considered as “hidden variables" so also neither can the relation of being
correlated with. Nevertheless properties and relations can both be understood as incomplete expressions: they are both contextual, properly understood. The argument on this leverages a neglected proof by Adán Cabello. We show that this latter argument extends and strengthens an argument given by van Fraassen in his (2006). The argument given also considerably strengthens the arguments given previously by Cao (2003) and Psillos (2006). I end by sketching a way of understanding that this contextuality is similar across relativity theory and quantum theory.

The generalized uncertainty connection between the fluctuations of a quantum observable and its temporal derivative is derived in this study, we demonstrate that the product of an observable's uncertainties and its time derivative is bounded by half the modulus of the expectation value of the commutator between the observable and its derivative, using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the standard definitions of operator variances. In order to connect the dynamical evolution of observables to their inherent uncertainties, we reformulate the bound in terms of a double commutator by expressing the derivative in terms of the Hamiltonian via the Heisenberg equation of motion. Next, we apply this generalized relation to a spin particle to demonstrate its usefulness in a magnetic field that changes over time, and expand the study to include observables that have a clear temporal dependence. Our findings provide greater understanding of quantum dynamics and the influence of time-dependent interactions on measurement precision in addition to recovering the traditional uncertainty relations for static systems.

The probability theory presents various interpretations frequentist, subjective, axiomatic, Bayesian, logical etc. which exhibit profound diversities, while the definitive comprehensive theoretical frame does not appear at the horizon. The quantum universe is intrinsically probabilistic, and several times Karl Popper underscored the importance of the probability fundamentals as requisite to quantum mechanics (QM). This research has followed Popper’s lesson. The first step went through the probability foundations, here the second step illustrates how those theoretical results apply to QM. In particular, this paper is arranged as follows, Section 2 recalls some definitions and theorems about probability that we have published. Section 3 derives the definitions of particles and waves from the concept of probabilistic outcome. Section 4 puts forward a new scheme about the wave collapse and the measurement problem. Section 5 discusses physical experiments supporting the achievements infe...