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Fishes of Terengganu East coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia

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Abstract
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This paper presents a systematic survey of fish species located along the Terengganu East coast of the Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, conducted during two periods between 2008 and 2009. The research focuses on various habitats, including coral reefs, mangroves, and commercial fisheries, cataloging species primarily through field collections and examination of commercial catches. Methodologies include specific measurement techniques for fish anatomy and the classification of species according to established taxonomic references.

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Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic and International Affairs) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Noor Azhar bin Mohamed Shazili
Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic and International Affairs) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Noor Azhar bin Mohamed Shazili
Mizuki Matsunuma, PhD student of United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
Mizuki Matsunuma, PhD student of United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
Boldfaced names: editors and/or authors of this book
Boldfaced names: editors and/or authors of this book
Keiichi Matsuura, Director of Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science Masatoshi Meguro, PhD student of United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University (middle toe Senntenusk S24 Tafeilmartam hit
Keiichi Matsuura, Director of Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science Masatoshi Meguro, PhD student of United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University (middle toe Senntenusk S24 Tafeilmartam hit
Surveys of fishes in Terengganu were made during two periods from 2008 to 2009. The first survey, carried out from September to November 2008, mainly focused on fishes inhabiting shallow coastal waters of coral or rocky reefs, mangroves, and estuaries. The collection of fishes in the survey was made at several localities in Terengganu, including Bidong Island, Setiu, Merang, Cendering, Dungun, and Kemaman. Coral and rocky reef associated fishes were obtained at Bidong Island. Fishes occurring in man- grove-lined estuary were obtained in Setiu. Cendering, located just south of Kuala Terengganu, has rocky coasts; shallow water fishes found in tide pools were collected here. Fishes were also caught at the beaches and estuaries near Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and at Merang, Dun- gun, and Kemaman. Fishes were collected mainly by us- ing hand-net and fence-net while SCUBA diving or snor- keling. Cast-net, small bottom trawl, and gill nets were also used for collecting in estuaries and mangroves.
Surveys of fishes in Terengganu were made during two periods from 2008 to 2009. The first survey, carried out from September to November 2008, mainly focused on fishes inhabiting shallow coastal waters of coral or rocky reefs, mangroves, and estuaries. The collection of fishes in the survey was made at several localities in Terengganu, including Bidong Island, Setiu, Merang, Cendering, Dungun, and Kemaman. Coral and rocky reef associated fishes were obtained at Bidong Island. Fishes occurring in man- grove-lined estuary were obtained in Setiu. Cendering, located just south of Kuala Terengganu, has rocky coasts; shallow water fishes found in tide pools were collected here. Fishes were also caught at the beaches and estuaries near Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and at Merang, Dun- gun, and Kemaman. Fishes were collected mainly by us- ing hand-net and fence-net while SCUBA diving or snor- keling. Cast-net, small bottom trawl, and gill nets were also used for collecting in estuaries and mangroves.
Cast netting in estuary at Setiu Fish landing port in Kuala Terengganu Fish market in Kuala Terengganu Mangroves at Setiu
Cast netting in estuary at Setiu Fish landing port in Kuala Terengganu Fish market in Kuala Terengganu Mangroves at Setiu
Coral reefs around Bidong Island
Coral reefs around Bidong Island
Body parts of elasmobranchs
Body parts of elasmobranchs
Chiloscyllium griseum, KAUM-I. 16868, 54.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Hemiscylliidae is distinguished from other Indo-Pacific orectolobiform shark families in having an almost cylindrical body, a long precaudal tail (longer than head and body), second dorsal fin located anterior to anal fin,
Chiloscyllium griseum, KAUM-I. 16868, 54.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Hemiscylliidae is distinguished from other Indo-Pacific orectolobiform shark families in having an almost cylindrical body, a long precaudal tail (longer than head and body), second dorsal fin located anterior to anal fin,
numerous dark spots and faint bands in some species. Juveniles more in- tensely spotted, usually with black- edged saddlemarkings. and anal-fin base connected with lower lobe of caudal fin. Orectolobidae — nasal barbels numerous, branched; head and body with elaborate varie- gated pattern. Ginglymostomatidae and Stegostomatidae — no circumnarial grooves; caudal fin elongate, blade- like; precaudal tail shorter than head and trunk. Scyliorhinidae (carcharhini- form shark) — eyes with weakly dif- ferentiated nictitating lower eyelids; second dorsal fin located posterior to anal fin; anal-fin base not connected with lower lobe of caudal fin; head and body with light spots, dark blotches, bars, and saddles.
numerous dark spots and faint bands in some species. Juveniles more in- tensely spotted, usually with black- edged saddlemarkings. and anal-fin base connected with lower lobe of caudal fin. Orectolobidae — nasal barbels numerous, branched; head and body with elaborate varie- gated pattern. Ginglymostomatidae and Stegostomatidae — no circumnarial grooves; caudal fin elongate, blade- like; precaudal tail shorter than head and trunk. Scyliorhinidae (carcharhini- form shark) — eyes with weakly dif- ferentiated nictitating lower eyelids; second dorsal fin located posterior to anal fin; anal-fin base not connected with lower lobe of caudal fin; head and body with light spots, dark blotches, bars, and saddles.
Chiloscyllium punctatum, KAUM-I. 16869, 41.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Chiloscyllium punctatum, KAUM-I. 16869, 41.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Stegostoma fasciatum, KAUMG-IL 39, ca. 100 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009
Stegostoma fasciatum, KAUMG-IL 39, ca. 100 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009
Atelomycterus marmoratus, KAUM-I. 17214, 46.8 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Scyliorhinidae is distinguished from other Indo-Pacific carcharhini- form shark families in having a small
Atelomycterus marmoratus, KAUM-I. 17214, 46.8 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Scyliorhinidae is distinguished from other Indo-Pacific carcharhini- form shark families in having a small
lower teeth well differentiated from uppers, long labial furrows, and sec- ond dorsal fin subequal to first dorsal fin, its origin anterior to that of the slightly smaller anal fin. Scyliorhini- dae — head and body small, slender, location of the last 2 gill slits behind the pectoral-fin origin, the posterior position of the first dorsal fin, and the absence of keels or precaudal pits on the caudal peduncle. Triakidae — dorsal margin of caudal fin not un- dulated; precaudal pits absent; intes- tine with spiral valve. Hemigaleidae — intestine with spiral valve; spiracle present but minute; upper teeth with strong distal cusplets. Sphyrnidae — head hammer-shaped. Lamnidae (lamniform shark) — caudal peduncle with large lateral keels. and a well-defined lower lobe; precau- dal pits well developed. Intestine with scroll valve, lacking spiral valve. Col- or: head and body gray, yellowish, or bluish dorsally, white or pale yellow ventrally, sometimes with prominent dark or light marking on fins.
lower teeth well differentiated from uppers, long labial furrows, and sec- ond dorsal fin subequal to first dorsal fin, its origin anterior to that of the slightly smaller anal fin. Scyliorhini- dae — head and body small, slender, location of the last 2 gill slits behind the pectoral-fin origin, the posterior position of the first dorsal fin, and the absence of keels or precaudal pits on the caudal peduncle. Triakidae — dorsal margin of caudal fin not un- dulated; precaudal pits absent; intes- tine with spiral valve. Hemigaleidae — intestine with spiral valve; spiracle present but minute; upper teeth with strong distal cusplets. Sphyrnidae — head hammer-shaped. Lamnidae (lamniform shark) — caudal peduncle with large lateral keels. and a well-defined lower lobe; precau- dal pits well developed. Intestine with scroll valve, lacking spiral valve. Col- or: head and body gray, yellowish, or bluish dorsally, white or pale yellow ventrally, sometimes with prominent dark or light marking on fins.
Carcharhinus dussumieri, KAUM-I. 17084, 45.4 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Carcharhinus dussumieri, KAUM-I. 17084, 45.4 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Carcharhinus melanopterus, KAUM-I. 17237, 55.8 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Jan. 2009
Carcharhinus melanopterus, KAUM-I. 17237, 55.8 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Jan. 2009
Remarks: cosmopolitan in coastal tropical and warm temperate seas. Viviparous. area: none. Not other shark family has the characteristic hammer-shaped head of the Sphyrnidae.
Remarks: cosmopolitan in coastal tropical and warm temperate seas. Viviparous. area: none. Not other shark family has the characteristic hammer-shaped head of the Sphyrnidae.
Sphyrna lewini, KAUM-I. 17006, 56.6 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the
Sphyrna lewini, KAUM-I. 17006, 56.6 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the
Temera hardwickii, KAUM-I. 17198, 6.7 cm DW off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Narcinidae — 2 dorsal fins; snout supported by a broad, trough-shaped rostral cartilage, nasal curtain broader and shorter; snout longer, deep labial groove present. Torpedinidae — 2 dor- sal fins; snout truncate; pectoral disc transversely elliptical; mouth strongly arched, without labial folds or groove. Hypnidae — 2 dorsal fins; pectoral disc longitudinally pear-shaped; mouth strongly arched, without labial folds or groove; teeth tricuspidate; tail, dorsal, and caudal fins very small. Remarks: a small group of inshore to deep-water batoids confined to the temperate and tropical Indo-West Pacific from South Africa to Japan and Indo- nesia. Occur on the intertidal and sub- tidal zone to offshore on the outer shelf and upper slope on soft bottom down to 330 m.
Temera hardwickii, KAUM-I. 17198, 6.7 cm DW off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Narcinidae — 2 dorsal fins; snout supported by a broad, trough-shaped rostral cartilage, nasal curtain broader and shorter; snout longer, deep labial groove present. Torpedinidae — 2 dor- sal fins; snout truncate; pectoral disc transversely elliptical; mouth strongly arched, without labial folds or groove. Hypnidae — 2 dorsal fins; pectoral disc longitudinally pear-shaped; mouth strongly arched, without labial folds or groove; teeth tricuspidate; tail, dorsal, and caudal fins very small. Remarks: a small group of inshore to deep-water batoids confined to the temperate and tropical Indo-West Pacific from South Africa to Japan and Indo- nesia. Occur on the intertidal and sub- tidal zone to offshore on the outer shelf and upper slope on soft bottom down to 330 m.
Rhynchobatus australiae, KAUM-I. 16870, 41.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Rhynchobatus australiae, KAUM-I. 16870, 41.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
snout, orbits, shoulders, and midline of trunk. Rhinobatidae — pectoral fins with origins in front of nostrils and with free rear tips posterior to pelvic- fin origin; lower lobe of caudal fin short. Pristidae — snout with a rostral saw; no thorns around eyes, on back, or on tail; dorsal surface plain, with- out spots or ocelli. tropical batoids, from tropical West Africa, and the Indo-West Pacific. Feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and small fishes. Ovoviviparous.
snout, orbits, shoulders, and midline of trunk. Rhinobatidae — pectoral fins with origins in front of nostrils and with free rear tips posterior to pelvic- fin origin; lower lobe of caudal fin short. Pristidae — snout with a rostral saw; no thorns around eyes, on back, or on tail; dorsal surface plain, with- out spots or ocelli. tropical batoids, from tropical West Africa, and the Indo-West Pacific. Feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and small fishes. Ovoviviparous.
Dasyatis parvonigra, KAUM-I. 16871, 19.5 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Plesiobatidae — tail stout, with a long leaf-like caudal fin. Rajidae — tail not whip-like, with small posterior dorsal fins, and/or caudal fins; pelvic fins subdivided. Narcinidae — stout tail with dorsal and caudal fins. Gym- nuridae — disc extremely broad (more than 1.5 times as broad as long), tail very short (shorter than % disc width). Myliobatidae — head distinct from disc; pectoral apices angular, acute.
Dasyatis parvonigra, KAUM-I. 16871, 19.5 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Plesiobatidae — tail stout, with a long leaf-like caudal fin. Rajidae — tail not whip-like, with small posterior dorsal fins, and/or caudal fins; pelvic fins subdivided. Narcinidae — stout tail with dorsal and caudal fins. Gym- nuridae — disc extremely broad (more than 1.5 times as broad as long), tail very short (shorter than % disc width). Myliobatidae — head distinct from disc; pectoral apices angular, acute.
Himantura gerrardi, KAUM-I. 16982, 23.8 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008 Dasyatis zugei, KAUM-I. 16872, 15.7 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Himantura gerrardi, KAUM-I. 16982, 23.8 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008 Dasyatis zugei, KAUM-I. 16872, 15.7 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Himantura walga, KAUM-I. 16922, 17.7 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 [aeniura lymma, KAUM-I. 17283, 22.9 cm DW (tail cut off) Redang Island, 18 Jan. 2009
Himantura walga, KAUM-I. 16922, 17.7 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 [aeniura lymma, KAUM-I. 17283, 22.9 cm DW (tail cut off) Redang Island, 18 Jan. 2009
Taeniurops meyeni, KAUM-IL. 41, ca. 130 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Taeniurops meyeni, KAUM-IL. 41, ca. 130 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Similar families occurring in Gymnura poecilura, KAUM-I. 17014, 26.3 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008 Remarks: occurring in all tropi- cal and subtropical continental seas. Range from the intertidal to the of- shore shelf on soft bottom, to depths of 110 m. Feed on crustaceans and small fishes. Ovoviviparous. the area: no other batoids in the area combine large rounded-rhomboidal pectoral discs nearly or quite twice as wide as long and short slender whip- like tails without caudal fins.
Similar families occurring in Gymnura poecilura, KAUM-I. 17014, 26.3 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008 Remarks: occurring in all tropi- cal and subtropical continental seas. Range from the intertidal to the of- shore shelf on soft bottom, to depths of 110 m. Feed on crustaceans and small fishes. Ovoviviparous. the area: no other batoids in the area combine large rounded-rhomboidal pectoral discs nearly or quite twice as wide as long and short slender whip- like tails without caudal fins.
Aetobatus ocellatus, KAUM-I. 17339, 43.6 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 21 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Rhinopteridae — snout notched medially, formed as 2 rounded lobes; 3 rows of laterally expanded medial plate-like teeth on jaws. Mobulidae — snout formed into paired elongated cephalic fins; teeth very small, not plate-like; internal gill arches with large and complex filter plates. Remarks: circumglobal in tem- perate to tropical marine, coastal and offshore areas in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Viviparous.
Aetobatus ocellatus, KAUM-I. 17339, 43.6 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 21 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Rhinopteridae — snout notched medially, formed as 2 rounded lobes; 3 rows of laterally expanded medial plate-like teeth on jaws. Mobulidae — snout formed into paired elongated cephalic fins; teeth very small, not plate-like; internal gill arches with large and complex filter plates. Remarks: circumglobal in tem- perate to tropical marine, coastal and offshore areas in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Viviparous.
Aetomylaeus nichofii, KAUM-I. 17338, 28.6 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 21 Jan. 2009
Aetomylaeus nichofii, KAUM-I. 17338, 28.6 cm DW off Terengganu (KT), 21 Jan. 2009
Elops hawaiiensis, UMTF 1046 (KAUM-I. 16452), 12.8 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 OEMEIEIAL LARIEIC YS UCCUEE TEES LEE UU area: Elopidae differs from other sim- ilar families in having gular plate, no scutes along midline of ventral, large number of lateral line scales, much number of branchiostegal rays. Clu- peidae — lateral line absent; gular plate absent; most species have scutes along midline of ventral. Megalopi- dae (Megalops cyprinoides) — scales much larger, about 30 to 40 in lateral line; last ray of dorsal fin elongate and filamentous. Albulidae (Albula spp.) — mouth inferior. Chanidae (Chanos chanos) — mouth smaller, gape not extending behind eye; gular plate absent; branchiostegal rays few (4 or 5).
Elops hawaiiensis, UMTF 1046 (KAUM-I. 16452), 12.8 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 OEMEIEIAL LARIEIC YS UCCUEE TEES LEE UU area: Elopidae differs from other sim- ilar families in having gular plate, no scutes along midline of ventral, large number of lateral line scales, much number of branchiostegal rays. Clu- peidae — lateral line absent; gular plate absent; most species have scutes along midline of ventral. Megalopi- dae (Megalops cyprinoides) — scales much larger, about 30 to 40 in lateral line; last ray of dorsal fin elongate and filamentous. Albulidae (Albula spp.) — mouth inferior. Chanidae (Chanos chanos) — mouth smaller, gape not extending behind eye; gular plate absent; branchiostegal rays few (4 or 5).
Elops hawaiiensis, KAUM-I. 16460, 26.9 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008
Elops hawaiiensis, KAUM-I. 16460, 26.9 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008
Remarks: one genus (Elops) with about six species, two of which distrib- uted in the Pacific Ocean. Coastal fish- es found in lagoons, bays, and estuar- ies; commonly travelling in schools in open water; feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Leptocephalus larva hav- ing developed caudal fin. Food fishes used as fresh, dried or salted one; also known as sport fishes. | Se, CORR ORR - | Se ROS ACE. Samy \ eee
Remarks: one genus (Elops) with about six species, two of which distrib- uted in the Pacific Ocean. Coastal fish- es found in lagoons, bays, and estuar- ies; commonly travelling in schools in open water; feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Leptocephalus larva hav- ing developed caudal fin. Food fishes used as fresh, dried or salted one; also known as sport fishes. | Se, CORR ORR - | Se ROS ACE. Samy \ eee
Megalops cyprinoides, KAUM-I. 17054, 26.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Megalops cyprinoides, KAUM-I. 17054, 26.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Megalops cyprinoides, KAUM-I. 16463, 10.5 cm SL estuary near UMT, 29 Sept. 2008
Megalops cyprinoides, KAUM-I. 16463, 10.5 cm SL estuary near UMT, 29 Sept. 2008
smaller, about 100 on lateral line; last dorsal-fin ray not elongate and filamentous. Albulidae (A/bula spp.) — mouth inferior; last dorsal-fin ray not elongate and filamentous; scales smaller. Clupeidae — lateral line ab- sent; gular plate absent; most spe- cies have scutes on midline of belly. Chanidae (Chanos chanos) — mouth smaller, gape not reaching beyond anterior part of eye; scales smaller; last dorsal-fin ray not elongate and filamentous; gular plate absent; fewer branchiostegal rays (4). cific. Coastal fishes found in lagoons, bays, and estuaries; commonly travel- ling in schools in open water; feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Lepto- cephalus larva having forked caudal fin. Food fishes used as fresh, dried or salted one; also known as sport fishes.
smaller, about 100 on lateral line; last dorsal-fin ray not elongate and filamentous. Albulidae (A/bula spp.) — mouth inferior; last dorsal-fin ray not elongate and filamentous; scales smaller. Clupeidae — lateral line ab- sent; gular plate absent; most spe- cies have scutes on midline of belly. Chanidae (Chanos chanos) — mouth smaller, gape not reaching beyond anterior part of eye; scales smaller; last dorsal-fin ray not elongate and filamentous; gular plate absent; fewer branchiostegal rays (4). cific. Coastal fishes found in lagoons, bays, and estuaries; commonly travel- ling in schools in open water; feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Lepto- cephalus larva having forked caudal fin. Food fishes used as fresh, dried or salted one; also known as sport fishes.
Albula argentea, KAUM-I. 16854, 30.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Remarks: occurring usually in shallow coastal waters on sandy or muddy bottoms, rarely found in brack- ish and freshwater. One genus, Albula, with about six species including sever- al undescribed species. Food fish mar- keted fresh; also known as sport fishes.
Albula argentea, KAUM-I. 16854, 30.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Remarks: occurring usually in shallow coastal waters on sandy or muddy bottoms, rarely found in brack- ish and freshwater. One genus, Albula, with about six species including sever- al undescribed species. Food fish mar- keted fresh; also known as sport fishes.
Ophichthus lithinus, KAUM-I. 17256, 79.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Ophichthus lithinus, KAUM-I. 17256, 79.0 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Pisodonophis cancrivorus, KAUM-I. 17126, 51.8 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Pisodonophis cancrivorus, KAUM-I. 17126, 51.8 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
area. Lateral line complete. Scales ab- sent. Color: brown, lighter ventrally, without markings; dorsal and anal fins often edged in black, especially poste- riorly. anterior nostril than to eye; inner row of teeth on upper jaw separated from outer rows by a longitudinal toothless groove. Muraenesocidae — pectoral fins well developed. Ophichthidae — pectoral fins well developed; caudal fin absent with pointed tail tip, or present. Serrivomeridae — pectoral fins present. Nemichthyidae — pecto- ral fins present; anus located under or shortly behind pectoral fins.
area. Lateral line complete. Scales ab- sent. Color: brown, lighter ventrally, without markings; dorsal and anal fins often edged in black, especially poste- riorly. anterior nostril than to eye; inner row of teeth on upper jaw separated from outer rows by a longitudinal toothless groove. Muraenesocidae — pectoral fins well developed. Ophichthidae — pectoral fins well developed; caudal fin absent with pointed tail tip, or present. Serrivomeridae — pectoral fins present. Nemichthyidae — pecto- ral fins present; anus located under or shortly behind pectoral fins.
Saurenchelys cancrivora, KAUM-I. 17036, 24.5 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 WOREREETGAE RGAREEEEENYDS UNVULEIMS AEE ULEU area: Congridae — posterior nostril lo- cated far forward on snout, closer to
Saurenchelys cancrivora, KAUM-I. 17036, 24.5 cm TL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 WOREREETGAE RGAREEEEENYDS UNVULEIMS AEE ULEU area: Congridae — posterior nostril lo- cated far forward on snout, closer to
ing estuaries, and a few species re- stricted to freshwater. Food fishes used as fresh, dried, or salted ones. abdominal scutes; gular plate present; numerous branchiostegal rays (more than 20). Albulidae — lateral line pres- ent; no abdominal scutes; gular plate present. Chirocentridae — body high- y compressed and elongate; no ab- dominal scutes; jaws with developed fanglike canine teeth. Clupeidae — pelvic fins inserting just below dorsal fin origin; anal fin short with less than 28 rays. Engraulidae — snout pig-like and projecting; jaw articulation well behind eye. Chanidae — lateral line present; no abdominal scutes; bran- chiostegal rays few (4 or 5).
ing estuaries, and a few species re- stricted to freshwater. Food fishes used as fresh, dried, or salted ones. abdominal scutes; gular plate present; numerous branchiostegal rays (more than 20). Albulidae — lateral line pres- ent; no abdominal scutes; gular plate present. Chirocentridae — body high- y compressed and elongate; no ab- dominal scutes; jaws with developed fanglike canine teeth. Clupeidae — pelvic fins inserting just below dorsal fin origin; anal fin short with less than 28 rays. Engraulidae — snout pig-like and projecting; jaw articulation well behind eye. Chanidae — lateral line present; no abdominal scutes; bran- chiostegal rays few (4 or 5).
long; pelvic fin absent. Color: body silver, yellowish brown dorsally; dor- sal and anal fins translucent, with yel- low margin; caudal fin pale yellow. Size: maximum length 18 cm. Distri-
long; pelvic fin absent. Color: body silver, yellowish brown dorsally; dor- sal and anal fins translucent, with yel- low margin; caudal fin pale yellow. Size: maximum length 18 cm. Distri-
Opisthopterus tardoore, KAUM-I. 16996, 12.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Pristigasteridae differs from other similar families in having lower jaw articulation under eye, pelvic fins inserting before dorsal-fin origin, long anal fin with more than 30 rays, a complete series of scutes along abdo- men, and no lateral line. Elopidae — lateral line present; no abdominal scutes; gular plate present; numerous branchiostegal rays (more than 20). Megalopidae — lateral line present, no
Opisthopterus tardoore, KAUM-I. 16996, 12.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Pristigasteridae differs from other similar families in having lower jaw articulation under eye, pelvic fins inserting before dorsal-fin origin, long anal fin with more than 30 rays, a complete series of scutes along abdo- men, and no lateral line. Elopidae — lateral line present; no abdominal scutes; gular plate present; numerous branchiostegal rays (more than 20). Megalopidae — lateral line present, no
scutes; jaw articulation below eye; jaws with developed fang-like canine teeth. Clupeidae — snout not pig-like and projecting; jaw articulation ante- rior to below eye. Pristigasteridae — snout not pig-like and projecting; lower jaw projecting; jaw articulation anterior to vertical below eye. es used as fresh, dried, or salted ones, taken by beach seine and other variety of nets. Regionally some species have great contribution to local catches. Similar families occurring in the area: Engraulidae differs from other clupeoid families in having projecting and pig-like snout, slender lower jaw, and jaw articulation well behind eye. Chirocentridae — body highly com- pressed and elongate; no abdominal
scutes; jaw articulation below eye; jaws with developed fang-like canine teeth. Clupeidae — snout not pig-like and projecting; jaw articulation ante- rior to below eye. Pristigasteridae — snout not pig-like and projecting; lower jaw projecting; jaw articulation anterior to vertical below eye. es used as fresh, dried, or salted ones, taken by beach seine and other variety of nets. Regionally some species have great contribution to local catches. Similar families occurring in the area: Engraulidae differs from other clupeoid families in having projecting and pig-like snout, slender lower jaw, and jaw articulation well behind eye. Chirocentridae — body highly com- pressed and elongate; no abdominal
Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted or made into fish sauce or fish balls.
Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted or made into fish sauce or fish balls.
Stolephorus andhraensis, KAUM-I. 17284, 8.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009 Setipinna taty, KAUM-I. 16994, 12.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Stolephorus andhraensis, KAUM-I. 17284, 8.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009 Setipinna taty, KAUM-I. 16994, 12.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Encrasicholina devisi, KAUM-I. 16932, 7.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Encrasicholina devisi, KAUM-I. 16932, 7.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Thryssa dussumieri, KAUM-I. 17020, 8.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008 Stolephorus indicus, KAUM-I. 16822, 14.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 base in adults. Anal fin long, its origin situated posterior to dorsal-fin base; upper pectoral-fin ray not extended as a filament. Scales cycloid; longitudi- nal scale rows 36-40. Color: body silvery white, grayish brown dorsally; a dark blotch posterior to upper part of gill opening, usually joined to a dark saddle on nape; dorsal and caudal fins yellowish; caudal fin with broad black margin. Size: maximum length 11 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, from the coast of Pakistan to Indonesia, north to Taiwan. Remarks: schooling fish found in inshore waters and estu- aries. Marketed fresh, dried and dried- salted. (M. Matsunuma) coastal waters, often entering estuar- ies. (M. Matsunuma)
Thryssa dussumieri, KAUM-I. 17020, 8.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008 Stolephorus indicus, KAUM-I. 16822, 14.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 base in adults. Anal fin long, its origin situated posterior to dorsal-fin base; upper pectoral-fin ray not extended as a filament. Scales cycloid; longitudi- nal scale rows 36-40. Color: body silvery white, grayish brown dorsally; a dark blotch posterior to upper part of gill opening, usually joined to a dark saddle on nape; dorsal and caudal fins yellowish; caudal fin with broad black margin. Size: maximum length 11 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, from the coast of Pakistan to Indonesia, north to Taiwan. Remarks: schooling fish found in inshore waters and estu- aries. Marketed fresh, dried and dried- salted. (M. Matsunuma) coastal waters, often entering estuar- ies. (M. Matsunuma)
Stolephorus baganensis, KAUM-I. 17116, 9.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Stolephorus baganensis, KAUM-I. 17116, 9.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Thryssa mystax, KAUM-I. 16988, 13.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Thryssa mystax, KAUM-I. 16988, 13.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Thryssa setirostris, KAUM-I. 17021, 10.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008 Thryssa mystax, UMTF 1865, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
Thryssa setirostris, KAUM-I. 17021, 10.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008 Thryssa mystax, UMTF 1865, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
Remarks: occurring in coastal area of Indo-West Pacific, from South Africa to Japan and Australia. Feeds on fishes. A single genus, Chirocentrus, with two species.
Remarks: occurring in coastal area of Indo-West Pacific, from South Africa to Japan and Australia. Feeds on fishes. A single genus, Chirocentrus, with two species.
Amblygaster clupeoides, KAUM-I. 17040, 17.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Se ee eee ee ee ee Similar families occurring in the area: Clupeidae differs from other similar families in having jaw articula- tion before vertical through eye, mostly 2 supramaxillae, pelvic fins inserting below short dorsal fin, short anal fin less than 28 rays, a series of scutes along abdomen, and no lateral line. Elopidae — lateral line present; no ab- dominal scutes; gular plate present; nu- merous branchiostegal rays (more than 20). Megalopidae — lateral line present,
Amblygaster clupeoides, KAUM-I. 17040, 17.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Se ee eee ee ee ee Similar families occurring in the area: Clupeidae differs from other similar families in having jaw articula- tion before vertical through eye, mostly 2 supramaxillae, pelvic fins inserting below short dorsal fin, short anal fin less than 28 rays, a series of scutes along abdomen, and no lateral line. Elopidae — lateral line present; no ab- dominal scutes; gular plate present; nu- merous branchiostegal rays (more than 20). Megalopidae — lateral line present,
Anodontostoma chacunda, KAUM-1. 17057, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
Anodontostoma chacunda, KAUM-1. 17057, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
Dussumieria elopsoides, KAUM-I. 17130, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Dussumieria elopsoides, KAUM-I. 17130, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Dussumieria elopsoides, KAUM-I. 17201, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Dussumieria elopsoides, KAUM-I. 17201, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Amblygaster sirm, KAUM-I. 17041, 16.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Amblygaster sirm, KAUM-I. 17041, 16.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Hilsa kelee, KAUM-L. 17297, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Escualosa thoracata, KAUM-I. 17291, 7.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Hilsa kelee, KAUM-L. 17297, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Escualosa thoracata, KAUM-I. 17291, 7.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Sardinella albella, KAUM-1. 16995, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Sardinella albella, KAUM-1. 16995, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
in Indo-West Pacific from East Afri- can coasts to eastern Australia, north to Taiwan. Remarks: schooling fish found in coastal waters. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted and/or boiled. (M. Matsunuma) body silvery, blue-green dorsally, with a thin golden midlateral line; a dark spot at dorsal-fin origin; margins of dorsal and caudal fins blackish. Size: commonly 15 cm, maximum 17 cm SL. Distribution: widely distributed
in Indo-West Pacific from East Afri- can coasts to eastern Australia, north to Taiwan. Remarks: schooling fish found in coastal waters. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted and/or boiled. (M. Matsunuma) body silvery, blue-green dorsally, with a thin golden midlateral line; a dark spot at dorsal-fin origin; margins of dorsal and caudal fins blackish. Size: commonly 15 cm, maximum 17 cm SL. Distribution: widely distributed
Sardinella gibbosa, KAUM-I. 17174, 13.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Sardinella gibbosa, KAUM-I. 17174, 13.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Chanos chanos, KAUMG-I. 16451, 13.5 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 CMOst€Sdal TdYs (ONLY & Il CMAaNOS), no lateral line; scutes usually present along belly. Polynemidae — mouth large, subterminal; 2 dorsal fins; pec-
Chanos chanos, KAUMG-I. 16451, 13.5 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 CMOst€Sdal TdYs (ONLY & Il CMAaNOS), no lateral line; scutes usually present along belly. Polynemidae — mouth large, subterminal; 2 dorsal fins; pec-
Plotosus lineatus, UMTF 1355 (KAUM-L 16658), 26.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Remarks: found in fresh, brack- ish, and marine waters of tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacif- ic; freshwater species restricted to Australia and New Guinea. Venom- ous, but marketed mostly fresh and lo- cally may be important.
Plotosus lineatus, UMTF 1355 (KAUM-L 16658), 26.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Remarks: found in fresh, brack- ish, and marine waters of tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacif- ic; freshwater species restricted to Australia and New Guinea. Venom- ous, but marketed mostly fresh and lo- cally may be important.
Plotosus lineatus, KAUM-I. 17010, 20.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008
Plotosus lineatus, KAUM-I. 17010, 20.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008
having a long, usually serrated dorsal fin spine, deeply forked caudal fin, short-based anal fin, adipose fin just above anal fin, naked body, and no nasal barbells. Plotosidae — caudal fin confluent with long-based anal fin; no adipose fin; nasal barbells present. Bagridae (freshwater) — na- sal barbells present. Siluridae and Clariidae (both freshwater) — nasal barbells present; no dorsal fin spine; long-based anal fin. Pangasidae (freshwater) — long-based anal fin. developed. Color: body dark, brown- ish dorsally, silvery ventrally; adipose fin with a black spots in some species. Tin with a black spots in some species. Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine, estuarine, and freshwater areas of the world, usually found in coastal and estuarine habitats, abundant in mangrove areas and large river estuaries. Omnivorous, usually feed on crustaceans, mollusks, and fishes. Males incubating the fertilized eggs in its mouth cavity. Food fish.
having a long, usually serrated dorsal fin spine, deeply forked caudal fin, short-based anal fin, adipose fin just above anal fin, naked body, and no nasal barbells. Plotosidae — caudal fin confluent with long-based anal fin; no adipose fin; nasal barbells present. Bagridae (freshwater) — na- sal barbells present. Siluridae and Clariidae (both freshwater) — nasal barbells present; no dorsal fin spine; long-based anal fin. Pangasidae (freshwater) — long-based anal fin. developed. Color: body dark, brown- ish dorsally, silvery ventrally; adipose fin with a black spots in some species. Tin with a black spots in some species. Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine, estuarine, and freshwater areas of the world, usually found in coastal and estuarine habitats, abundant in mangrove areas and large river estuaries. Omnivorous, usually feed on crustaceans, mollusks, and fishes. Males incubating the fertilized eggs in its mouth cavity. Food fish.
Arius maculatus, KAUM-I. 16925, 15.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 _ Similar families occurring in the area: Ariidae is distinguished from other Indo-Pacific catfish families in
Arius maculatus, KAUM-I. 16925, 15.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 _ Similar families occurring in the area: Ariidae is distinguished from other Indo-Pacific catfish families in
Hexanematichtys sagor, UMTF 1071 (KAUM-I. 16679), 10.7 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008 Netuma thalassina, KAUM-I. 16969, 19.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Hexanematichtys sagor, UMTF 1071 (KAUM-I. 16679), 10.7 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008 Netuma thalassina, KAUM-I. 16969, 19.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Plicofollis dussumieri, KAUM-I. 17072, 14.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Plicofollis dussumieri, KAUM-I. 17072, 14.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Hexanematichthys sagor, KAUM-I. 17013, 40.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008
Hexanematichthys sagor, KAUM-I. 17013, 40.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008
Harpadon nehereus, KAUM-I. 17293, 7.9 em SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Saurida tumbil, KAUM-L 17241, 27.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Jan. 2009
Harpadon nehereus, KAUM-I. 17293, 7.9 em SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Saurida tumbil, KAUM-L 17241, 27.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Jan. 2009
Similar families occurring in the area: Aulopidae — two supramaxillae present; hind tip of upper jaw not or slightly extending beyond hind margin of eye. Bathysauridae — head depressed conspicuously; branchiostegal rays 8-13; adipose fin present or absent; pelvic fin rays 8. Chlorophthalmidae — a single elongate supramaxilla present; hind tip of upper jaw not ex- tending beyond center of eye.
Similar families occurring in the area: Aulopidae — two supramaxillae present; hind tip of upper jaw not or slightly extending beyond hind margin of eye. Bathysauridae — head depressed conspicuously; branchiostegal rays 8-13; adipose fin present or absent; pelvic fin rays 8. Chlorophthalmidae — a single elongate supramaxilla present; hind tip of upper jaw not ex- tending beyond center of eye.
Trachinocephalus myops, UMTF 1360 (KAUM-I. 16572), 16.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) nating narrow dark-edged pale blue and yellow stripes; a large black spot at upper end of gill opening; about 5 yellow stripe on dorsal fin; adipose and anal fins with yellow margin; pel- vic fin with a yellow stripe basally; caudal fin yellow. Size: maximum length 25 cm SL. Distribution: cir- cumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas except for Eastern Pacific. Re- marks: found in shallows to 400 m on sandy bottom. (M. Matsunuma) Bluntnose Lizardfish
Trachinocephalus myops, UMTF 1360 (KAUM-I. 16572), 16.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) nating narrow dark-edged pale blue and yellow stripes; a large black spot at upper end of gill opening; about 5 yellow stripe on dorsal fin; adipose and anal fins with yellow margin; pel- vic fin with a yellow stripe basally; caudal fin yellow. Size: maximum length 25 cm SL. Distribution: cir- cumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas except for Eastern Pacific. Re- marks: found in shallows to 400 m on sandy bottom. (M. Matsunuma) Bluntnose Lizardfish
Synodus tectus, UMTF 1891, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 D 11-14; A 13-18; P; 11-13; P2 8; LL 51-61; V 54-55. Body fusiform, elongate; snout very short; mouth large; palatine with a row of teeth. Outermost ray of pelvic fin distinctly shorter than innermost ray; anal fin base longer than dorsal fin base; pec- toral fin short. Color: body with alter-
Synodus tectus, UMTF 1891, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 D 11-14; A 13-18; P; 11-13; P2 8; LL 51-61; V 54-55. Body fusiform, elongate; snout very short; mouth large; palatine with a row of teeth. Outermost ray of pelvic fin distinctly shorter than innermost ray; anal fin base longer than dorsal fin base; pec- toral fin short. Color: body with alter-
Encheliophis homei, KAUM-I. 17186, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Encheliophis homei, KAUM-I. 17187, 10.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Encheliophis homei, KAUM-I. 17186, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Encheliophis homei, KAUM-I. 17187, 10.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Sirembo jerdoni, KAUM-L. 17170, 14.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Carapidae — scales absent; anal- fin rays longer than opposing dorsal-fin rays; anus placed below pectoral fins. Bythitidae — anterior nostril placed im- mediately above upper lip; very seldom
Sirembo jerdoni, KAUM-L. 17170, 14.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Carapidae — scales absent; anal- fin rays longer than opposing dorsal-fin rays; anus placed below pectoral fins. Bythitidae — anterior nostril placed im- mediately above upper lip; very seldom
Sirembo jerdoni, KAUM-I. 17028, 10.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Sirembo jerdoni, KAUM-I. 17028, 10.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
more than 7 long gill rakers on ante- rior gill arch. Macrouridae — pelvic fins well separated from each other, with more than 2 rays. Gadidae and Moridae — pelvic fins well separated from each other; dorsal and anal fins not joined to caudal fin. tic. Usually no commercial impor- tance.
more than 7 long gill rakers on ante- rior gill arch. Macrouridae — pelvic fins well separated from each other, with more than 2 rays. Gadidae and Moridae — pelvic fins well separated from each other; dorsal and anal fins not joined to caudal fin. tic. Usually no commercial impor- tance.
Antennarius nummifer, KAUM-I. 16629, 1.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: families with an esca not oc- curring in shore waters in the area. Remarks: most species inhabiting on bottom in shallow waters; one spe- cies pelagic, clinging in floating algae. Feeds on fishes, sometimes large fish- es longer than themselves; also canni-
Antennarius nummifer, KAUM-I. 16629, 1.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: families with an esca not oc- curring in shore waters in the area. Remarks: most species inhabiting on bottom in shallow waters; one spe- cies pelagic, clinging in floating algae. Feeds on fishes, sometimes large fish- es longer than themselves; also canni-
balistic. Released eggs embedded in a single, large, buoyant gelatinous mass; floating on water surface. within a few weeks in some species.
balistic. Released eggs embedded in a single, large, buoyant gelatinous mass; floating on water surface. within a few weeks in some species.
and gill nets) and usually marketed fresh, frozen, salted or boiled; roe may be also marketed; often used as live bait in tuna fishing. Generic as- signment follows Senou (2002) and Ghasemzadeh et al. (2004). body more or less silvery, darkened dorsally; fins transparent, dusky or yellowish.
and gill nets) and usually marketed fresh, frozen, salted or boiled; roe may be also marketed; often used as live bait in tuna fishing. Generic as- signment follows Senou (2002) and Ghasemzadeh et al. (2004). body more or less silvery, darkened dorsally; fins transparent, dusky or yellowish.
Chelon subviridis, KAUM-I. 17064, 19.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Atherinidae — first dorsal fin with III-VIII flexible spines, anterior three spines separate at base; a single anal-fin spine. Remarks: fast swimming fishes; inhabits coastal waters (usually to depths of 20 m) including estuaries; often enter freshwater areas and la- goons. Frequently schooling. Feed on detritus or small organisms. Many spe- cies are important to fisheries, caught by various nets (e.g., seines, cast nets,
Chelon subviridis, KAUM-I. 17064, 19.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Atherinidae — first dorsal fin with III-VIII flexible spines, anterior three spines separate at base; a single anal-fin spine. Remarks: fast swimming fishes; inhabits coastal waters (usually to depths of 20 m) including estuaries; often enter freshwater areas and la- goons. Frequently schooling. Feed on detritus or small organisms. Many spe- cies are important to fisheries, caught by various nets (e.g., seines, cast nets,
Chelon subviridis, UMTF 1025 (KAUM-I. 16788), 11.9 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Chelon subviridis, UMTF 1025 (KAUM-I. 16788), 11.9 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Moolgarda delicata, UMTF 1229 (KAUM-I. 16789), 7.1 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Moolgarda delicata, UMTF 1293 (KAUM-I. 16454), 8.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008
Moolgarda delicata, UMTF 1229 (KAUM-I. 16789), 7.1 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Moolgarda delicata, UMTF 1293 (KAUM-I. 16454), 8.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008
Ellochelon vaigiensis, UMTF 1314 (KAUM-I. 16684), 4.1 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008 Ellochelon vaigiensis, KAUM-I. 17314, 24.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Ellochelon vaigiensis, UMTF 1314 (KAUM-I. 16684), 4.1 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008 Ellochelon vaigiensis, KAUM-I. 17314, 24.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Delicate Mullet
Delicate Mullet
Longfinned Mullet
Longfinned Mullet
Oedalechilus labiosus, UMTF 1230 (KAUM-I. 16623), 4.0 em SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Moolgarda perusii, UMTF 1217 (KAUM-I. 16669), 7.7 cm SL Kemaman, 20 Oct. 2008
Oedalechilus labiosus, UMTF 1230 (KAUM-I. 16623), 4.0 em SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Moolgarda perusii, UMTF 1217 (KAUM-I. 16669), 7.7 cm SL Kemaman, 20 Oct. 2008
Moolgarda perusii, KAUM-I. 17106, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu, 28 Dec. 2008
Moolgarda perusii, KAUM-I. 17106, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu, 28 Dec. 2008
Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine, estuarine, and freshwater areas; usually found in beaches and seagrass areas. Eggs with entangling filaments on chorion. at base, and a single anal fin spine. Engraulidae — hind tip of up extending beyond posterior per jaw margin of eye; a single dorsal fin; no spines in fins. Isonidae — body com pressed with keeled belly. Mugilidae — first dorsal fin with IV spines, anterior 3 spines close together at base; II or III anal fin spines. Phallostet hidae — anus anterior, located under head.
Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine, estuarine, and freshwater areas; usually found in beaches and seagrass areas. Eggs with entangling filaments on chorion. at base, and a single anal fin spine. Engraulidae — hind tip of up extending beyond posterior per jaw margin of eye; a single dorsal fin; no spines in fins. Isonidae — body com pressed with keeled belly. Mugilidae — first dorsal fin with IV spines, anterior 3 spines close together at base; II or III anal fin spines. Phallostet hidae — anus anterior, located under head.
Atherinomorus lacunosus, KAUM-I. 16376, 7.3 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Atherinidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having round belly, anus located be- hind pelvic fin base, 2 dorsal fins, first dorsal-fin spines separated each other
Atherinomorus lacunosus, KAUM-I. 16376, 7.3 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Atherinidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having round belly, anus located be- hind pelvic fin base, 2 dorsal fins, first dorsal-fin spines separated each other
Atherinomorus pinguis, UMTF 1070 (KAUM-I. 16523), 9.9 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Atherinomorus pinguis, UMTF 1070 (KAUM-I. 16523), 9.9 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Cheilopogon katoptron, KAUM-I. 17095, 16.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 ent on lower body. Young stages (to about 10 cm) quite different in appear- ance from adults, with pectoral fins shorter, dorsal fin often higher than in adults, color patterns variable, and spots and bars often developed; single or paired chin barbels conspicuous in many species. Color: dark dorsally, pale laterally and ventrally; pectoral fins in some species with dark spots or pale stripes; dorsal fin in some species with black pigment.
Cheilopogon katoptron, KAUM-I. 17095, 16.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 ent on lower body. Young stages (to about 10 cm) quite different in appear- ance from adults, with pectoral fins shorter, dorsal fin often higher than in adults, color patterns variable, and spots and bars often developed; single or paired chin barbels conspicuous in many species. Color: dark dorsally, pale laterally and ventrally; pectoral fins in some species with dark spots or pale stripes; dorsal fin in some species with black pigment.
crenulated. Color: body greenish tan dorsally; a broad (1 scale width or less) silvery longitudinal band on side. Size: maximum length about 14 cm SL. Distribution: widely in Indo-
crenulated. Color: body greenish tan dorsally; a broad (1 scale width or less) silvery longitudinal band on side. Size: maximum length about 14 cm SL. Distribution: widely in Indo-
Parexocoetus mento, KAUM-I. 17080, 9.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 ral fins with pale oblique cross band, no dark spots; no black spot on pelvic fin Size: maximum 10 cm SL. Distri- bution: widely distributed in Indo- West Pacific, from Red Sea and East
Parexocoetus mento, KAUM-I. 17080, 9.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 ral fins with pale oblique cross band, no dark spots; no black spot on pelvic fin Size: maximum 10 cm SL. Distri- bution: widely distributed in Indo- West Pacific, from Red Sea and East
Hemiramphus archipelagicus, KAUM-I. 16924, 16.1 cm SL (upper jaw broken) off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 Remarks: surface-swimming fishes, chiefly found in marine and brackish waters, whereas some in freshwaters. Omnivorous, feed on floating sea- than upper lobe. Color: body silvery white, dark bluish dorsally; a dark stripe with black upper margin on lat- erally; no vertical bars on body side; beak dark with a bright red fleshy tip; caudal fin dusky yellow, tip of dorsal- fin lobe with some yellow. Size: maxi- mum about 23 cm SL. Distribution: western Indian Ocean and western Central Pacific. Remarks: found in coastal waters. Marketed fresh and dried salted. (M. Matsunuma)
Hemiramphus archipelagicus, KAUM-I. 16924, 16.1 cm SL (upper jaw broken) off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 Remarks: surface-swimming fishes, chiefly found in marine and brackish waters, whereas some in freshwaters. Omnivorous, feed on floating sea- than upper lobe. Color: body silvery white, dark bluish dorsally; a dark stripe with black upper margin on lat- erally; no vertical bars on body side; beak dark with a bright red fleshy tip; caudal fin dusky yellow, tip of dorsal- fin lobe with some yellow. Size: maxi- mum about 23 cm SL. Distribution: western Indian Ocean and western Central Pacific. Remarks: found in coastal waters. Marketed fresh and dried salted. (M. Matsunuma)
Ablennes hians, KAUM-I. 16880, 43.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Remarks: mostly found in marine, but some species occur in freshwater. Carnivorous, feeding largely on small fishes. Many species are important for fisheries; caught by casting or trolling surface or near-surface lures. Similar ramiles occurring in the area: Hemiramphidae — only the low- er jaw prolonged or neither jaw pro- longed and lacking the needle-sharp teeth that stud the upper and lower jaws of needlefishes. Sphyraenidae — jaws pointed but not prolonged into a beak; 2 dorsal fins, the first spiny; pelvic fins in thoracic position. scales and bones green. Size: maxi- mum 120 cm TL. Distribution: wide- ly distributed in tropical to warmtem- perate waters in worldwide. Remarks: found in offshore surface waters. Mar- keted fresh. deeply forked, lower lobe much lon- ger than upper lobe. Color: body sil- very white, bluish green dorsally; an indistinct dark blue stripe along sides; about 12—14 prominent dark vertical bars on sides; tip of lower jaw red;
Ablennes hians, KAUM-I. 16880, 43.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Remarks: mostly found in marine, but some species occur in freshwater. Carnivorous, feeding largely on small fishes. Many species are important for fisheries; caught by casting or trolling surface or near-surface lures. Similar ramiles occurring in the area: Hemiramphidae — only the low- er jaw prolonged or neither jaw pro- longed and lacking the needle-sharp teeth that stud the upper and lower jaws of needlefishes. Sphyraenidae — jaws pointed but not prolonged into a beak; 2 dorsal fins, the first spiny; pelvic fins in thoracic position. scales and bones green. Size: maxi- mum 120 cm TL. Distribution: wide- ly distributed in tropical to warmtem- perate waters in worldwide. Remarks: found in offshore surface waters. Mar- keted fresh. deeply forked, lower lobe much lon- ger than upper lobe. Color: body sil- very white, bluish green dorsally; an indistinct dark blue stripe along sides; about 12—14 prominent dark vertical bars on sides; tip of lower jaw red;
Zenarchopterus dunckeri, UMTF 1491 (KAUM-L. 16750), male, 6.7 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Zenarchopterus dunckeri, UMTF 1491 (KAUM-L. 16750), male, 6.7 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Zenarchopterus dunckeri, UMTF 1492 (KAUM-I. 16751), female, 4.9 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008 cially mangrove area. Surface swim- ming fish, feeds on small terrestrial insects. (K. Shibukawa)
Zenarchopterus dunckeri, UMTF 1492 (KAUM-I. 16751), female, 4.9 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008 cially mangrove area. Surface swim- ming fish, feeds on small terrestrial insects. (K. Shibukawa)
lobe. Color: body silver, dark bluish green dorsally; a dark blue stripe along body sides; anterior lobes of dorsal and anal fins black; caudal fin black; scales and bones green. Size: 120 cm SL. Distribution: widely distributed in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide, except for the eastern Pa- cific. Remarks: found in coastal and offshore waters areas. Marketed fresh. 271-340; V 82-86. Body elongate, belly rounded; a distinct lateral keel on caudal peduncle; lateral line with pectoral branch; jaws greatly elongate, studded with sharp teeth; gill rakers absent. Dorsal and anal fins with rela- tively high lobes anteriorly; origin of dorsal fin posterior to anal fin origin; pectoral fin rounded; caudal fin well forked, lower lobe longer than upper
lobe. Color: body silver, dark bluish green dorsally; a dark blue stripe along body sides; anterior lobes of dorsal and anal fins black; caudal fin black; scales and bones green. Size: 120 cm SL. Distribution: widely distributed in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide, except for the eastern Pa- cific. Remarks: found in coastal and offshore waters areas. Marketed fresh. 271-340; V 82-86. Body elongate, belly rounded; a distinct lateral keel on caudal peduncle; lateral line with pectoral branch; jaws greatly elongate, studded with sharp teeth; gill rakers absent. Dorsal and anal fins with rela- tively high lobes anteriorly; origin of dorsal fin posterior to anal fin origin; pectoral fin rounded; caudal fin well forked, lower lobe longer than upper
Aplocheilus panchax, UMTF 1106 (KAUM-I. 16383), 3.9 cm SL estuary near UMT, 23 Sept. 2008 falcate (rather than rounded); mouth non-protrusible. Phallostethidae — small first dorsal fin present in many species; pelvic fins absent; caudal fin emarginate. Poeciliidae — anal-fin base rather short.
Aplocheilus panchax, UMTF 1106 (KAUM-I. 16383), 3.9 cm SL estuary near UMT, 23 Sept. 2008 falcate (rather than rounded); mouth non-protrusible. Phallostethidae — small first dorsal fin present in many species; pelvic fins absent; caudal fin emarginate. Poeciliidae — anal-fin base rather short.
Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus, KAUM-I. 17261, 71.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009 Strongylura strongylura, KAUM-I. 16792, 30.8 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus, KAUM-I. 17261, 71.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009 Strongylura strongylura, KAUM-I. 16792, 30.8 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Sargocentron rubrum, UMTF 1362 (KAUM-I. 16575), 15.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Similar families occurring in the Remarks: mostly found in shallow coastal waters. Feeds on large zoo- plankton, benthic invertebrates, and small fishes. Some species of Sargo- centron having the preopercular spine with venomous.
Sargocentron rubrum, UMTF 1362 (KAUM-I. 16575), 15.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Similar families occurring in the Remarks: mostly found in shallow coastal waters. Feeds on large zoo- plankton, benthic invertebrates, and small fishes. Some species of Sargo- centron having the preopercular spine with venomous.
area: none. The serrate bony edges and spines on head, in combination with the large eyes, the very long base on spinous portion of dorsal fin, the presence of IV anal spines and 7 pelvic soft rays, readily distinguishes the squirrelfishes and soldierfishes from other fish families occurring in the area. forming longitudinal bands; black pig- ment somewhat present on opercular membrane or as markings in fins; fins with yellow or white markings.
area: none. The serrate bony edges and spines on head, in combination with the large eyes, the very long base on spinous portion of dorsal fin, the presence of IV anal spines and 7 pelvic soft rays, readily distinguishes the squirrelfishes and soldierfishes from other fish families occurring in the area. forming longitudinal bands; black pig- ment somewhat present on opercular membrane or as markings in fins; fins with yellow or white markings.
Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus, UMTF 1178 (KAUM-I. 16577), ca. 27 cm SL (tail tip broken) Bidong Island, 30 Sept. 2008 pan. Remarks: found in shallow coastal of sandy, reef or grass bottoms in depths of 1.6-42 m. distributed in Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and East Africa to New Caledonia, Australia to southern Ja-
Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus, UMTF 1178 (KAUM-I. 16577), ca. 27 cm SL (tail tip broken) Bidong Island, 30 Sept. 2008 pan. Remarks: found in shallow coastal of sandy, reef or grass bottoms in depths of 1.6-42 m. distributed in Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and East Africa to New Caledonia, Australia to southern Ja-
Fistularia petimba, KAUM-I. 16899, 39.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Remarks: no importance in com- mercial fisheries, but usually caught brown dorsally, silver laterally and ventrally; median fins orangish. Size: commonly 100 cm, maximum 200 cm TL. Distribution: widely distributed in Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacif- ic oceans, including Hawaii. Re- Similar families occurring in the area: Aulostomidae — no caudal fin filament; barbel present on lower jaw; distinct separate spines ante- rior to soft dorsal fin. Syngnathidae — smaller; body covered with armor; anal fin reduced or absent. spinules in some species; a row of elongate bony plates may be present along dorsal and ventral midlines of body just anterior to dorsal and / or anal fin. Color: red to orange-brown above and silvery below or brownish olive above, lighter below, with a se- ries of blue spots on back and snout.
Fistularia petimba, KAUM-I. 16899, 39.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Remarks: no importance in com- mercial fisheries, but usually caught brown dorsally, silver laterally and ventrally; median fins orangish. Size: commonly 100 cm, maximum 200 cm TL. Distribution: widely distributed in Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacif- ic oceans, including Hawaii. Re- Similar families occurring in the area: Aulostomidae — no caudal fin filament; barbel present on lower jaw; distinct separate spines ante- rior to soft dorsal fin. Syngnathidae — smaller; body covered with armor; anal fin reduced or absent. spinules in some species; a row of elongate bony plates may be present along dorsal and ventral midlines of body just anterior to dorsal and / or anal fin. Color: red to orange-brown above and silvery below or brownish olive above, lighter below, with a se- ries of blue spots on back and snout.
Remarks: two genera with 4 spe- cies. Found in coastal waters; feed mainly on small animals of the de- mersal zooplankton, especially crus- taceans. No importance in commer- cial fisheries, but usually caught with trawls. Similar families occurring in the area: Aulostomidae — no caudal fin filament; barbel present on lower
Remarks: two genera with 4 spe- cies. Found in coastal waters; feed mainly on small animals of the de- mersal zooplankton, especially crus- taceans. No importance in commer- cial fisheries, but usually caught with trawls. Similar families occurring in the area: Aulostomidae — no caudal fin filament; barbel present on lower
Swimbladder divided into 2 halves. Color: variable, from brownish to reddish, usually with spots or blotch- es. Upper surface of pectoral fin usu- ally bluish, with some markings char- acterized for each species. Remarks: found on sandy bottom in tropical and subtropical waters.
Swimbladder divided into 2 halves. Color: variable, from brownish to reddish, usually with spots or blotch- es. Upper surface of pectoral fin usu- ally bluish, with some markings char- acterized for each species. Remarks: found on sandy bottom in tropical and subtropical waters.
Dactyloptena gilberti, KAUM-I. 17179, 11.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Dactyloptena gilberti, KAUM-I. 17179, 11.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Dactyloptena orientalis, KAUM-I. 17140, 15.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Dactyloptena orientalis, KAUM-I. 17140, 15.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
area: families with free pectoral fin rays and the mobile lacrimal bone not occurring in the area. muddy bottom in river mouth and in- shore waters; body partially buried un- der the soft substrate. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines venomous.
area: families with free pectoral fin rays and the mobile lacrimal bone not occurring in the area. muddy bottom in river mouth and in- shore waters; body partially buried un- der the soft substrate. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines venomous.
Apistus carinatus, KAUM-I. 17184, 8.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the
Apistus carinatus, KAUM-I. 17184, 8.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the
Apistus carinatus, KAUM-I. 17274, 4.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Apistus carinatus, KAUM-I. 17274, 4.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Neomerinthe procurva, KAUM-I. 17168, 6.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Remarks: found on or near bot- tom from inshore shallow waters to depths of about 1200 m; entering into freshwater in some species; pelagic or semipelagic occurring offshore in depths of 200-800 m in some species. Well camouflaged and ambush preda- tors, feeding mainly on arthropods and fishes. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines venomous in most species. Ovoviviparous or viviparous. Similar families occurring in the area: Platycephalidae — head highly depressed; ventral margin of lacrimal smooth, without distinct spines; two dorsal fins well separat- ed. Aploactinidae — fin rays usually unbranched; head with comparative- ly blunt spines. Serranidae — no sub- orbital ridge attaching to preopercle; large canine teeth in jaws in many species.
Neomerinthe procurva, KAUM-I. 17168, 6.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Remarks: found on or near bot- tom from inshore shallow waters to depths of about 1200 m; entering into freshwater in some species; pelagic or semipelagic occurring offshore in depths of 200-800 m in some species. Well camouflaged and ambush preda- tors, feeding mainly on arthropods and fishes. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines venomous in most species. Ovoviviparous or viviparous. Similar families occurring in the area: Platycephalidae — head highly depressed; ventral margin of lacrimal smooth, without distinct spines; two dorsal fins well separat- ed. Aploactinidae — fin rays usually unbranched; head with comparative- ly blunt spines. Serranidae — no sub- orbital ridge attaching to preopercle; large canine teeth in jaws in many species.
Scorpaenopsis neglecta, KAUM-I. 16507, 4.0 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 ance. Interorbital space broad, its width 3.8-4.4 in head length. Orbit diameter 1.7—2.0 in snout length. Su- praorbital and suborbital ridges ser- rated. Upper posttemporal spine sim- ple. Upper opercular spine divided into two or more spines. Color: body color highly variable, strongly mottled with yellowish to reddish and grayish blotches. Axil of pectoral fins with black spots. Size: maximum standard length 18.3 cm. Distribution: eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, ranging from India east to Ja- pan, Indonesia and Australia. Re- marks: occurs in shallow rocky and coral reefs. (H. Motomura)
Scorpaenopsis neglecta, KAUM-I. 16507, 4.0 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 ance. Interorbital space broad, its width 3.8-4.4 in head length. Orbit diameter 1.7—2.0 in snout length. Su- praorbital and suborbital ridges ser- rated. Upper posttemporal spine sim- ple. Upper opercular spine divided into two or more spines. Color: body color highly variable, strongly mottled with yellowish to reddish and grayish blotches. Axil of pectoral fins with black spots. Size: maximum standard length 18.3 cm. Distribution: eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, ranging from India east to Ja- pan, Indonesia and Australia. Re- marks: occurs in shallow rocky and coral reefs. (H. Motomura)
Parascorpaena picta, KAUM-I. 16506, 8.1 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Parascorpaena picta, KAUM-I. 16506, 8.1 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Pterois russelii, KAUM-I. 17127, 13.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Pterois russelii, KAUM-I. 17127, 13.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Similar families occurring in the area: Aploactinidae — fin rays usually unbranched. Body covered with modified, prickly scales. Synan- ceiidae — skin at gill opening broadly connected to isthmus. inshore shallow waters to deep waters; one species lives in freshwater riv- ers. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines venomous in most species. This fam- ily was formerly included in the fam- ily Scorpaenidae.
Similar families occurring in the area: Aploactinidae — fin rays usually unbranched. Body covered with modified, prickly scales. Synan- ceiidae — skin at gill opening broadly connected to isthmus. inshore shallow waters to deep waters; one species lives in freshwater riv- ers. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic fin spines venomous in most species. This fam- ily was formerly included in the fam- ily Scorpaenidae.
Cottapistus cottoides, KAUM-L. 17161, 5.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Cottapistus cottoides, KAUM-L. 17161, 5.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Vespicula trachinoides, KAUM-I. 16812, 2.0 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Richardsonichthys leucogaster, KAUM-L. 16949, 3.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Vespicula trachinoides, KAUM-I. 16812, 2.0 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Richardsonichthys leucogaster, KAUM-L. 16949, 3.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Vespicula trachinoides, KAUM-I. 16767, 2.5 cm SL Setiu, 31 Oct. 2008
Vespicula trachinoides, KAUM-I. 16767, 2.5 cm SL Setiu, 31 Oct. 2008
Aploactis aspera, KAUM-I. 17189, 4.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Acanthosphex leurynnis, KAUM-I. 16628, 1.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Aploactis aspera, KAUM-I. 17189, 4.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Acanthosphex leurynnis, KAUM-I. 16628, 1.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
~ Remarks: aploactinids usually known from the shallow sea bottom,
~ Remarks: aploactinids usually known from the shallow sea bottom,
ally with 0-5 weak or blunt spines and 5-16 soft rays. Pelvic fin with 1 spine and usually 2 or 3 soft rays (rarely 1). Lateral line with 9-16 tube-like scales. Body scales modified to prickly scales (but some without scales). Color: body usually brown, reddish brown, or greenish. often found between or under veg- etation or rocks. Most species well camouflaged. With no commercial importance.
ally with 0-5 weak or blunt spines and 5-16 soft rays. Pelvic fin with 1 spine and usually 2 or 3 soft rays (rarely 1). Lateral line with 9-16 tube-like scales. Body scales modified to prickly scales (but some without scales). Color: body usually brown, reddish brown, or greenish. often found between or under veg- etation or rocks. Most species well camouflaged. With no commercial importance.
STILITLLCULS ULAUCE VLU UMTF 1344 (KAUM-I. 16574), 14.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
STILITLLCULS ULAUCE VLU UMTF 1344 (KAUM-I. 16574), 14.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Ee Se: Oe eee: D XVIIE-XVIIL, 8-9; AII, 11-13; GR 8-11. Body oblong, moderately com- pressed. Head relatively small. Orbit only slightly elevated. Snout length usually equal to or longer than postor- bital length. Interspinous membrane from fourth rewards less than one fourth spine height. Lower pectoral fin rays free and detached from remainder of fin; no filamentous upper pectoral fin rays in adults. Color: body brown or grayish brown dorsally, paler ven- trally. Head usually with minute black spots. Inner surface of pectoral fin without distinctive pattern, mostly solid brown, without spots. Size: max- imum standard length 19.5 cm. Distri- bution: distributed in the Andaman Sea and the western Pacific, from the Philippines south to northern Austra-
Ee Se: Oe eee: D XVIIE-XVIIL, 8-9; AII, 11-13; GR 8-11. Body oblong, moderately com- pressed. Head relatively small. Orbit only slightly elevated. Snout length usually equal to or longer than postor- bital length. Interspinous membrane from fourth rewards less than one fourth spine height. Lower pectoral fin rays free and detached from remainder of fin; no filamentous upper pectoral fin rays in adults. Color: body brown or grayish brown dorsally, paler ven- trally. Head usually with minute black spots. Inner surface of pectoral fin without distinctive pattern, mostly solid brown, without spots. Size: max- imum standard length 19.5 cm. Distri- bution: distributed in the Andaman Sea and the western Pacific, from the Philippines south to northern Austra-
D XVU-XVIHI, 7-9; AT, 11-13; GR 7-10. Body oblong, moderately com- pressed. Head relatively small. Orbit only slightly elevated. Snout length equal to or longer than postorbital length. Interspinous membrane from fourth rewards less than one-fourth spine height. Lower pectoral fin rays free and detached from remainder of fin; no filamentous upper pectoral fin rays in adults. Color: body brown or grayish brown dorsally, paler ventral- ly. Inner surface of pectoral fin dark with various sized, white or yellow spots, without bands. Size: maximum standard length 15 cm. Distribution: distributed in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans, from Sri Lan- ka to China and Australia. Remarks: occurs on sandy or mud-sand bottom. A highly venomous species.
D XVU-XVIHI, 7-9; AT, 11-13; GR 7-10. Body oblong, moderately com- pressed. Head relatively small. Orbit only slightly elevated. Snout length equal to or longer than postorbital length. Interspinous membrane from fourth rewards less than one-fourth spine height. Lower pectoral fin rays free and detached from remainder of fin; no filamentous upper pectoral fin rays in adults. Color: body brown or grayish brown dorsally, paler ventral- ly. Inner surface of pectoral fin dark with various sized, white or yellow spots, without bands. Size: maximum standard length 15 cm. Distribution: distributed in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans, from Sri Lan- ka to China and Australia. Remarks: occurs on sandy or mud-sand bottom. A highly venomous species.
of body covered by ctenoid scales and lower by cycloid. Color: usually dark above and pale below; the dark colors with various shades of brown, gray or black. WJRREEEIGOE see VSN S SEE UEEU area: Plectrogeniidae and Bembrid- ae — lower jaw shorter than or equal to upper jaw. Parabembridae — anal fin with 3 spine. Holpichthyidae — head and body extremely depressed and lateral line with bony plates. Percophidae — head without spines and ridges. Remarks: platycephalids known from less than 300 m, most found at less than 100 m and inhabiting on the mud, sand, rocky shore and coral reef. Many species excellent for eating.
of body covered by ctenoid scales and lower by cycloid. Color: usually dark above and pale below; the dark colors with various shades of brown, gray or black. WJRREEEIGOE see VSN S SEE UEEU area: Plectrogeniidae and Bembrid- ae — lower jaw shorter than or equal to upper jaw. Parabembridae — anal fin with 3 spine. Holpichthyidae — head and body extremely depressed and lateral line with bony plates. Percophidae — head without spines and ridges. Remarks: platycephalids known from less than 300 m, most found at less than 100 m and inhabiting on the mud, sand, rocky shore and coral reef. Many species excellent for eating.
Grammoplites scaber, KAUM-I. 17074, 17.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Grammoplites scaber, KAUM-I. 17074, 17.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Inegocia japonica, KAUM-I. 17221, 14.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Inegocia japonica, KAUM-I. 17221, 14.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Kumococius rodericensis, KAUM-I. 17222, 17.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 Kumococius rodericensis fDiwawenna TOR ent. Cheek region lacking skinny sen- sory tubes. Pectoral fin concaved pos- teriorly. Lateral line scales with 1 opening to exterior. Color: body and head brownish above, whitish below, with about 5 dark bands crossing dor- sal surface; pectoral fin dark brown, with a clear or pale area in center. Size: maximum length about 25 cm. Distribution: widespread in Indo- West Pacific, including Gulf of Oman, southern Japan and Australia. Re- marks: occurring in muddy or sandy bottom at depths of 18-130 m.
Kumococius rodericensis, KAUM-I. 17222, 17.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 Kumococius rodericensis fDiwawenna TOR ent. Cheek region lacking skinny sen- sory tubes. Pectoral fin concaved pos- teriorly. Lateral line scales with 1 opening to exterior. Color: body and head brownish above, whitish below, with about 5 dark bands crossing dor- sal surface; pectoral fin dark brown, with a clear or pale area in center. Size: maximum length about 25 cm. Distribution: widespread in Indo- West Pacific, including Gulf of Oman, southern Japan and Australia. Re- marks: occurring in muddy or sandy bottom at depths of 18-130 m.
Inegocia japonica, KAUM-I. 16966, 16.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Inegocia japonica, KAUM-I. 16966, 16.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Rogadius tuberculatus, KAUM-I. 16832, 6.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Platycephalus indicus, KAUM-I. 16733, 12.3 em SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
Rogadius tuberculatus, KAUM-I. 16832, 6.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Platycephalus indicus, KAUM-I. 16733, 12.3 em SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
Platycephalus cultellatus, KAUM-I. 16999, 25.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Platycephalus cultellatus, KAUM-I. 16999, 25.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Suggrundus macracanthus, KAUM-I. 17220, 15.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Suggrundus macracanthus, KAUM-I. 17220, 15.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Thysanophrys chiltonae, KAUM-I. 17219, 15.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Thysanophrys chiltonae, KAUM-I. 17219, 15.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Thysanophrys chiltonae, UMTF 1890, 21.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Thysanophrys chiltonae, UMTF 1890, 21.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Ambassis interrupta, UMTF 1513 (KAUM-I. 16705), 4.5 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008 - Similar families occurring in the area: Apogonidae — two separate dorsal fins; II anal-fin spines. Remarks: found in freshwaters, brackish estuaries, mangroves, and shallow coastal water; usually form- ing aggregations, and feed on small
Ambassis interrupta, UMTF 1513 (KAUM-I. 16705), 4.5 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008 - Similar families occurring in the area: Apogonidae — two separate dorsal fins; II anal-fin spines. Remarks: found in freshwaters, brackish estuaries, mangroves, and shallow coastal water; usually form- ing aggregations, and feed on small
crustaceans, insects, and fishes. Mi- nor importance in fisheries, often marketed as dried and salted; some freshwater species treated as popular aquarium fish. head and belly; fins hyaline, usually with black streaks and/or blotches on dorsal and caudal fins, tinged with yel- low in some species.
crustaceans, insects, and fishes. Mi- nor importance in fisheries, often marketed as dried and salted; some freshwater species treated as popular aquarium fish. head and belly; fins hyaline, usually with black streaks and/or blotches on dorsal and caudal fins, tinged with yel- low in some species.
Ambassis vachellii, KAUM-I. 16445, 4.2 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 Ambassis urotaenia, UMTF 1126 (KAUM-I. 16503), 6.3 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Ambassis vachellii, KAUM-I. 16445, 4.2 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 Ambassis urotaenia, UMTF 1126 (KAUM-I. 16503), 6.3 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Ambassis nalua, UMTF 1511 (KAUM-I. 16701), 4.4 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Ambassis nalua, UMTF 1511 (KAUM-I. 16701), 4.4 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Lates calcarifer, UMTF 1518 (KAUM-I. 16749), 11.7 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Lates calcarifer, UMTF 1518 (KAUM-I. 16749), 11.7 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Lates calcarifer, UMTF 1898, 23.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
Lates calcarifer, UMTF 1898, 23.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
area: Serranidae — preopercle usually without large flat spines or serrations; opercle with 3 flat spines; lateral line not extending onto caudal fin.
area: Serranidae — preopercle usually without large flat spines or serrations; opercle with 3 flat spines; lateral line not extending onto caudal fin.
scale, and I spine and 5 soft rays. Pecto- ral fin with 16 or 17 rays and spiny flap just above fin base. Caudal fin rounded. Scales large, ctenoid; covering bases of caudal, soft dorsal, and anal fins; lat- eral-line scales 45-50, extending onto caudal fin in 1 or 3 series. Vertebrae 11 + 14 = 25. Branchiostegal rays 7. Color: adults greenish or silvery gray to brown, juveniles with stripes; eyes
scale, and I spine and 5 soft rays. Pecto- ral fin with 16 or 17 rays and spiny flap just above fin base. Caudal fin rounded. Scales large, ctenoid; covering bases of caudal, soft dorsal, and anal fins; lat- eral-line scales 45-50, extending onto caudal fin in 1 or 3 series. Vertebrae 11 + 14 = 25. Branchiostegal rays 7. Color: adults greenish or silvery gray to brown, juveniles with stripes; eyes
usually well developed. Haemulidae —no teeth on vomer or palatines; no spines on opercle. Sparidae — jaws with incisiform and/or molariform teeth; no spines on opercle; edge of preopercle smooth. Lobotidae — no spines on opercle; no teeth on vo- mer or palatines. Kuhliidae — rear edge of opercle froming only 2 flat points; branchiostegal rays 6; scaly sheath at bases of dorsal and anal fins. Acropomatidae — rear edge of opercle forming 2 flat points, or the lowest point developed as a cluster of sharp spines; several distinct, spaced canines along lower jaw. Remarks: benthic or bottom-ori- entated fishes, usually found on coral reefs or rocky substrata; most species occur on continental or insular shelves in depths less than 200 m. All are pre- daceous, the larger species feeding mainly on fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods, while the smaller ones feed on zooplankton. Most species are protogynous hermaphrodites.
usually well developed. Haemulidae —no teeth on vomer or palatines; no spines on opercle. Sparidae — jaws with incisiform and/or molariform teeth; no spines on opercle; edge of preopercle smooth. Lobotidae — no spines on opercle; no teeth on vo- mer or palatines. Kuhliidae — rear edge of opercle froming only 2 flat points; branchiostegal rays 6; scaly sheath at bases of dorsal and anal fins. Acropomatidae — rear edge of opercle forming 2 flat points, or the lowest point developed as a cluster of sharp spines; several distinct, spaced canines along lower jaw. Remarks: benthic or bottom-ori- entated fishes, usually found on coral reefs or rocky substrata; most species occur on continental or insular shelves in depths less than 200 m. All are pre- daceous, the larger species feeding mainly on fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods, while the smaller ones feed on zooplankton. Most species are protogynous hermaphrodites.
Cephalopholis boenak, KAUM-I. 16987, 14.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Latidae — lateral line ex- tends to rear margin of caudal fin; opercle with a single flat spine. Lutjanidae — no spines on opercle; scaly axillary process at base of pelvic fins cast to New Caledonia, including southern Japan and northern Australia. Remarks: usually found on silty dead reefs in protected waters in depths of 4
Cephalopholis boenak, KAUM-I. 16987, 14.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Latidae — lateral line ex- tends to rear margin of caudal fin; opercle with a single flat spine. Lutjanidae — no spines on opercle; scaly axillary process at base of pelvic fins cast to New Caledonia, including southern Japan and northern Australia. Remarks: usually found on silty dead reefs in protected waters in depths of 4
Cephalopholis formosa, UMTF 1357 (KAUM-I. 16646), 20.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Cephalopholis formosa, UMTF 1357 (KAUM-I. 16646), 20.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Cephalopholis sonnerati, KAUM-I. 17073, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Cephalopholis microprion, KAUM-I. 17050, 13.2 em SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Cephalopholis sonnerati, KAUM-I. 17073, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Cephalopholis microprion, KAUM-I. 17050, 13.2 em SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Epinephelus amblycephalus, KAUM-I. 17230, 34.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
Epinephelus amblycephalus, KAUM-I. 17230, 34.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
Diploprion bifasciatum, KAUM-L 16842, 12.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Diploprion bifasciatum, KAUM-L 16842, 12.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Epinephelus areolatus, KAUM-I. 16889, 10.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 close-set roundish to polygonal brown to yellowish brown spots; pectoral fin pale, with small dark spots; caudal fin with distinct white straight margin. Size: 40 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: usually found in rocky reefs, dead coral, or alcyonarians; depth range 6—200m. (Y. Yusuf) SL. Caudal fin slightly convex in juve- nile, truncate or emarginate in adults; pectoral fins relatively long, 1.5—1.8 in head length, longer than pelvic fins. Scales on body ctenoid, except for tho- rax and ventrally on abdomen; maxilla with very small scales. Color: head, body and fins pale gray, with numerous
Epinephelus areolatus, KAUM-I. 16889, 10.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 close-set roundish to polygonal brown to yellowish brown spots; pectoral fin pale, with small dark spots; caudal fin with distinct white straight margin. Size: 40 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: usually found in rocky reefs, dead coral, or alcyonarians; depth range 6—200m. (Y. Yusuf) SL. Caudal fin slightly convex in juve- nile, truncate or emarginate in adults; pectoral fins relatively long, 1.5—1.8 in head length, longer than pelvic fins. Scales on body ctenoid, except for tho- rax and ventrally on abdomen; maxilla with very small scales. Color: head, body and fins pale gray, with numerous
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus, KAUM-I. 16511, 7.4 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus, KAUM-I. 16511, 7.4 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Epinephelus bleekeri, KAUM-I. 16985, 14.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008
Epinephelus bleekeri, KAUM-I. 16985, 14.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008
Epinephelus coioides, UMTF 1218 (KAUM-L 16512), 11.8 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Epinephelus coioides, UMTF 1218 (KAUM-L 16512), 11.8 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Epinephelus fasciatus, KAUM-I. 17151, 19.1 em SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009 Epinephelus erythrurus, KAUM-I. 16333, 8.0 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Epinephelus fasciatus, KAUM-I. 17151, 19.1 em SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009 Epinephelus erythrurus, KAUM-I. 16333, 8.0 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, KAUM-I. 17053, 18.5 em SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, KAUM-I. 17053, 18.5 em SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Epinephelus heniochus, KAUM-I. 17144, 17.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Epinephelus heniochus, KAUM-I. 17144, 17.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Epinephelus quoyanus, KAUM-I. 17153, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Epinephelus quoyanus, KAUM-I. 17153, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Epinephelus sexfasciatus, KAUM-I. 16888, 9.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Epinephelus sexfasciatus, KAUM-I. 16888, 9.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Pseudochromis fuscus, KAUM-I. 16571, 6.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Remarks: occurs in shallow inter- tidal areas to depths of about 100 m; preferring coral and rocky reefs. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, and worms. Sequental hermaphrodite in some species. Of commercial impor- tance in aquarium trade in colorful
Pseudochromis fuscus, KAUM-I. 16571, 6.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Remarks: occurs in shallow inter- tidal areas to depths of about 100 m; preferring coral and rocky reefs. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, and worms. Sequental hermaphrodite in some species. Of commercial impor- tance in aquarium trade in colorful
Pseudochromis ransonneti, UMTF 1336 (KAUM-I. 16564), 3.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Pseudochromis ransonneti, UMTF 1336 (KAUM-I. 16564), 3.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Priacanthus macracanthus, KAUM-I. 17011, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Holocentridae — opercular margin with spines; spinous and soft portions of dorsal fin separated; anal fin with IV spines; pelvic fin with a spine and usually 7 soft rays and not attached to belly by membrane; caudal fin deeply forked with 18-19 rays. Berycidae — dorsal fin with short base, only IV—VII spines; anal fin with IV spines; pelvic fin with 7-13 rays; caudal fin deeply forked. Pempheridae — dorsal-fin with short base, IV or V spines and 8 or 9 soft rays; anal fin with very long base, III spines and 22 or more soft rays.
Priacanthus macracanthus, KAUM-I. 17011, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Holocentridae — opercular margin with spines; spinous and soft portions of dorsal fin separated; anal fin with IV spines; pelvic fin with a spine and usually 7 soft rays and not attached to belly by membrane; caudal fin deeply forked with 18-19 rays. Berycidae — dorsal fin with short base, only IV—VII spines; anal fin with IV spines; pelvic fin with 7-13 rays; caudal fin deeply forked. Pempheridae — dorsal-fin with short base, IV or V spines and 8 or 9 soft rays; anal fin with very long base, III spines and 22 or more soft rays.
ver-white bars; fins reddish to dusky or black, occasionally yellowish in some species; some species with dark spots or sneckline on fin membranes.
ver-white bars; fins reddish to dusky or black, occasionally yellowish in some species; some species with dark spots or sneckline on fin membranes.
Apogon cavitensis, UMTF 1222 (KAUM-I. 16633), 4.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Apogon cavitensis, UMTF 1222 (KAUM-I. 16633), 4.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Priacanthus tayenus, KAUM-I. 16841, 14.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Priacanthus tayenus, KAUM-I. 16841, 14.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Apogon fasciatus, KAUM-L. 17223, 6.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 Apogon endekataenia, KAUM-I. 16637, 5.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Apogon fasciatus, KAUM-L. 17223, 6.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 Apogon endekataenia, KAUM-I. 16637, 5.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Apogon endekataenia, KAUM-I. 16634, 3.1 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Apogon endekataenia, KAUM-I. 16634, 3.1 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Apogon nigrocincta, KAUM-I. 17267, 7.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009 Apogon lineatus, KAUM-L. 16881, 4.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Apogon nigrocincta, KAUM-I. 17267, 7.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009 Apogon lineatus, KAUM-L. 16881, 4.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Apogon hyalosoma, UMTF 1501 (KAUM-I. 16696), 8.2 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Apogon hyalosoma, UMTF 1501 (KAUM-I. 16696), 8.2 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Apogon poecilopterus, KAUM-I. 17121, 8.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 Apogon pleuron, KAUM-I. 16928, 6.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Apogon poecilopterus, KAUM-I. 17121, 8.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 Apogon pleuron, KAUM-I. 16928, 6.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Apogon seminigracaudus, UMTF 1413 (KAUM-I. 16560), 1.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Apogon seminigracaudus, UMTF 1413 (KAUM-I. 16560), 1.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Archamia fucata, KAUM-I. 16647, 5.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Apogonichthyoides niger, KAUM-L. 17296, 6.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Archamia fucata, KAUM-I. 16647, 5.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Apogonichthyoides niger, KAUM-L. 17296, 6.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Apogon truncatus, KAUM-I. 17203, 12.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Apogon truncatus, KAUM-I. 17203, 12.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Ostorhinchus cooki, UMTF 1057 (KAUM-L. 16410), 4.7 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008 Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus, UMTF 1012 (KAUM-I. 16596), 4.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Ostorhinchus cooki, UMTF 1057 (KAUM-L. 16410), 4.7 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008 Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus, UMTF 1012 (KAUM-I. 16596), 4.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Ostorhinchus cyanosoma, KAUM-I. 16632, 4.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Ostorhinchus cyanosoma, KAUM-I. 16632, 4.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
area: Branchiostegidae — a single continuous dorsal fin; mouth large with fleshy lips. Pinguipedidae — dorsal fin spines short; spinous dor- sal fin sometimes joined to soft dor- sal fin; pelvic fin base in advance of pectoral fin base. sions. Color: silvery to sandy gray or green, sometimes with black spots on body and pectoral fin base.
area: Branchiostegidae — a single continuous dorsal fin; mouth large with fleshy lips. Pinguipedidae — dorsal fin spines short; spinous dor- sal fin sometimes joined to soft dor- sal fin; pelvic fin base in advance of pectoral fin base. sions. Color: silvery to sandy gray or green, sometimes with black spots on body and pectoral fin base.
Pristicon trimaculatus, KAUM-I. 17046, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Pristicon trimaculatus, KAUM-I. 17046, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Similar families occurring in the Sillago aeolus, KAUM-I. 17060, 15.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Remarks: bottom-dwelling, schooling fishes; found in inshore brackish estuaries and shallow coastal waters.
Similar families occurring in the Sillago aeolus, KAUM-I. 17060, 15.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Remarks: bottom-dwelling, schooling fishes; found in inshore brackish estuaries and shallow coastal waters.
Sillago ingenuua, KAUM-I. 17061, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Sillago chondropus, UMTF 1346 (KAUM-I. 16545), 19.1 cm SL beach near UMT, 8 Oct. 2008 D XI + IJ, 20-21; A II, 21-23; LL 67-70. Body elongate, subcylindrical, covered with ctenoid scales. First pel- vic-fin ray normal, not thickened club- like structure; caudal fin relatively small, slightly forked with rounded tips. Swimbladder with 3 anterior ex- tensions, the middle one projecting forwards and the anterolateral ones recurved backwards up to 1/2 length of swimbladder; a single posterior ex- tension. Color: body silvery, brown- ish dorsally; somewhat with an indis- tinct pale midlateral band; upper and lower margins of caudal fin dark brown to almost black. Size: 16 cm. Distribution: West Central Pacific. Remarks: found in inshore waters.
Sillago ingenuua, KAUM-I. 17061, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Sillago chondropus, UMTF 1346 (KAUM-I. 16545), 19.1 cm SL beach near UMT, 8 Oct. 2008 D XI + IJ, 20-21; A II, 21-23; LL 67-70. Body elongate, subcylindrical, covered with ctenoid scales. First pel- vic-fin ray normal, not thickened club- like structure; caudal fin relatively small, slightly forked with rounded tips. Swimbladder with 3 anterior ex- tensions, the middle one projecting forwards and the anterolateral ones recurved backwards up to 1/2 length of swimbladder; a single posterior ex- tension. Color: body silvery, brown- ish dorsally; somewhat with an indis- tinct pale midlateral band; upper and lower margins of caudal fin dark brown to almost black. Size: 16 cm. Distribution: West Central Pacific. Remarks: found in inshore waters.
Sillago asiatica, KAUM-I. 17062, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
Sillago asiatica, KAUM-I. 17062, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
D XI + I, 20-23; A II, 21-23; LL 66-72. Body elongate, subcylindrical. First pelvic-fin ray normal; caudal fin truncate to almost rounded. Swim- bladder with 2 anterior extensions ex- tending forward and diverging to ter- minate on each side of the basioccipital;
D XI + I, 20-23; A II, 21-23; LL 66-72. Body elongate, subcylindrical. First pelvic-fin ray normal; caudal fin truncate to almost rounded. Swim- bladder with 2 anterior extensions ex- tending forward and diverging to ter- minate on each side of the basioccipital;
D XI-XII + I, 20-21; A II, 22-23; LL 66-73. Body elongate, subcylindrical, covered with ctenoid scales. First pel- vic-fin ray modified into a laterally compressed thickened club-like struc- ture; caudal fin truncate. Swimbladder reduced in size, no duct-like process from the ventral surface to the urogen- ital aperture. Color: body silvery, head yellowish; pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish; distal margin of anal fin yellowish; caudal fin dusky. Size: 35 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pa- cific. Remarks: found in shallow coastal waters. Marketed fresh.
D XI-XII + I, 20-21; A II, 22-23; LL 66-73. Body elongate, subcylindrical, covered with ctenoid scales. First pel- vic-fin ray modified into a laterally compressed thickened club-like struc- ture; caudal fin truncate. Swimbladder reduced in size, no duct-like process from the ventral surface to the urogen- ital aperture. Color: body silvery, head yellowish; pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish; distal margin of anal fin yellowish; caudal fin dusky. Size: 35 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pa- cific. Remarks: found in shallow coastal waters. Marketed fresh.
Coryphaena hippurus, KAUM-I. 17213, 45.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in wv the area: none. No other fishes have
Coryphaena hippurus, KAUM-I. 17213, 45.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in wv the area: none. No other fishes have
a combination of characters such as dorsal fin from nape almost to caudal fin; anal fin from about midpoint of body almost to caudal fin; no sharp spines in dorsal and anal fins; cau- dal fin deeply forked; and pelvic fins well developed. than 15 cm have dark vertical bars. Remarks: pelagic fishes. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans associat- ed with floating weed. Taken by both commercial and recreational fisheries wherever they occur.
a combination of characters such as dorsal fin from nape almost to caudal fin; anal fin from about midpoint of body almost to caudal fin; no sharp spines in dorsal and anal fins; cau- dal fin deeply forked; and pelvic fins well developed. than 15 cm have dark vertical bars. Remarks: pelagic fishes. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans associat- ed with floating weed. Taken by both commercial and recreational fisheries wherever they occur.
Rachycentron canadum, KAUMG-I. 16991, 27.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 grayish to blackish dorsally, whitish to grayish ventrally, with a pale gray stripe from front of snout through eye to upper caudal peduncle and a faint dark stripe on lower side of trunk. Size: maximum total length about 2 m. Distribution: circumglobal in tropical to warm temperate seas, ex- cept for the eastern Pacific. Remarks: semipelagic, but also found over shal- low coral and rocky reefs, occasional- ly in estuaries. Occurs more in conti- nental than insular waters.
Rachycentron canadum, KAUMG-I. 16991, 27.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 grayish to blackish dorsally, whitish to grayish ventrally, with a pale gray stripe from front of snout through eye to upper caudal peduncle and a faint dark stripe on lower side of trunk. Size: maximum total length about 2 m. Distribution: circumglobal in tropical to warm temperate seas, ex- cept for the eastern Pacific. Remarks: semipelagic, but also found over shal- low coral and rocky reefs, occasional- ly in estuaries. Occurs more in conti- nental than insular waters.
Echeneis naucrates, KAUM-I. 17004, 23.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Remarks: attaching to other fishes, cetaceans, sea turtles, whales, or dolphins with a sucking disc on head; a great preference or specificity toward certain hosts in some species. Feeds on parasitic copepods attached to a host and food scraps dropped by
Echeneis naucrates, KAUM-I. 17004, 23.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Remarks: attaching to other fishes, cetaceans, sea turtles, whales, or dolphins with a sucking disc on head; a great preference or specificity toward certain hosts in some species. Feeds on parasitic copepods attached to a host and food scraps dropped by
dark bars or spots on body, and/or yel- lowish fins in some species. several genera), and enlarged scutes usually along at least posterior lat- eral line. Centrolophidae and Lactari- idae — no detached anal fin spine; no scutes in the lateral line. Scombridae — dorsal-fin spines IX—XXVII; no de- tached anal fin spine; no scutes in the lateral line. Stromateid genus Pampus very similar to Parastromateus niger in body shape, but the former lacking a lateral keel of scutes at caudal pe- duncle. Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine, estuarine, and sometimes freshwater areas. Almost all species having commercial impor- tance.
dark bars or spots on body, and/or yel- lowish fins in some species. several genera), and enlarged scutes usually along at least posterior lat- eral line. Centrolophidae and Lactari- idae — no detached anal fin spine; no scutes in the lateral line. Scombridae — dorsal-fin spines IX—XXVII; no de- tached anal fin spine; no scutes in the lateral line. Stromateid genus Pampus very similar to Parastromateus niger in body shape, but the former lacking a lateral keel of scutes at caudal pe- duncle. Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine, estuarine, and sometimes freshwater areas. Almost all species having commercial impor- tance.
Alectis ciliaris, KAUM-I. 17210, 16.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 ee ee area: Carangidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having 2 detached anal fin spines (sometimes completely embedded in adults in
Alectis ciliaris, KAUM-I. 17210, 16.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 ee ee area: Carangidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having 2 detached anal fin spines (sometimes completely embedded in adults in
Alectis indicus, KAUM-I. 17215, 9.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Alectis indicus, KAUM-I. 17215, 9.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Alepes melanoptera, KAUM-I. 16906, 14.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Alepes djedaba, KAUM-L. 17077, 9.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Alepes melanoptera, KAUM-I. 16906, 14.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Alepes djedaba, KAUM-L. 17077, 9.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Atule mate, KAUM-I. 17003, 11.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Atropus atropos, KAUM-I. 17202, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Atule mate, KAUM-I. 17003, 11.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Atropus atropos, KAUM-I. 17202, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Alepes vari, KAUM-I. 17287, 32.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009
Alepes vari, KAUM-I. 17287, 32.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus, KAUM-I. 17251, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus, KAUM-I. 17251, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Carangoides gymnostethus, KAUM-L. 16907, 16.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Carangoides gymnostethus, KAUM-I. 17105, 16.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Carangoides gymnostethus, KAUM-L. 16907, 16.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Carangoides gymnostethus, KAUM-I. 17105, 16.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Carangoides malabaricus, KAUM-I. 17250, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Carangoides malabaricus, KAUM-I. 17250, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Carangoides hedlandensis, KAUM-I. 16910, 24.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Carangoides hedlandensis, KAUM-I. 16910, 24.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Decapterus russelli, KAUM-I. 17001, 13.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Decapterus macrosoma, KAUM-I. 17103, 14.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Decapterus russelli, KAUM-I. 17001, 13.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008 Decapterus macrosoma, KAUM-I. 17103, 14.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Caranx sexfasciatus, KAUM-I. 17286, 24.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009
Caranx sexfasciatus, KAUM-I. 17286, 24.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Jan. 2009
Gnathanodon speciosus, KAUM-I. 17052, 16.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008 Elagatis bipinnulata, KAUM-I. 16973, 16.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Gnathanodon speciosus, KAUM-I. 17052, 16.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008 Elagatis bipinnulata, KAUM-I. 16973, 16.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Megalaspis cordyla, KAUM-I. 16846, 17.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Megalaspis cordyla, KAUM-I. 16846, 17.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Parastromateus niger, KAUM-I. 16909, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Parastromateus niger, KAUM-I. 16909, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Scomberoides tol, KAUM-I. 17076, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Scomberoides commersonnianus, KAUM-I. 16877, 26.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Scomberoides tol, KAUM-I. 17076, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Scomberoides commersonnianus, KAUM-I. 16877, 26.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Selar crumenophthalmus, KAUM-I. 16893, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Selar crumenophthalmus, KAUM-I. 16893, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Selar boops, KAUM-I. 16843, 13.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Selar boops, KAUM-I. 16843, 13.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Selaroides leptolepis, KAUM-I. 16948, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Selaroides leptolepis, KAUM-I. 16948, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Seriolina nigrofasciata, UMTF 1889, 27.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 Ulua mentalis, KAUM-I. 17114, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Seriolina nigrofasciata, UMTF 1889, 27.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009 Ulua mentalis, KAUM-I. 17114, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Seriolina nigrofasciata, KAUM-I. 17157, 20.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Seriolina nigrofasciata, KAUM-I. 17157, 20.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Moonfish D III-IV + 40-45; A 30-33; P; 15; P. I, 5; GR 6-8 + 23-25. Body very deep, almost triangular, extremely com- pressed; breast sharp-edged; covered with minute scales, invisible to the na- ked eye. Mouth small, almost vertical, protrusible; villiform bands in jaws. Dorsal fin long-based, and low poste- riorly; spines thin and flexible. Anal fin long-based, commencing at point of insertion of pelvic fins, uniformly very low. Caudal fin deeply forked. Pectoral fins shorter than head length. Pelvic fins inserted slightly in front of pectoral fins, first 2 soft rays fused and greatly elongated. Color: upper sides deep metallic blue, remainder silvery, with a row of round to ovoid, dark slaty-blue spots above and below lat- eral line, sometimes a few additional spots above and below these rows; pelvic fins with a trace of blue, other fins hyaline or slightly dusky. Size: commonly 20 cm, maximum 30 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific from the east coast of Africa east to Melane- sia, Australia north to Japan. Re- marks: found in coastal waters to depths of 200 m. Marketed fresh and dried. Mene maculata, KAUM-I. 16946, 10.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Moonfish D III-IV + 40-45; A 30-33; P; 15; P. I, 5; GR 6-8 + 23-25. Body very deep, almost triangular, extremely com- pressed; breast sharp-edged; covered with minute scales, invisible to the na- ked eye. Mouth small, almost vertical, protrusible; villiform bands in jaws. Dorsal fin long-based, and low poste- riorly; spines thin and flexible. Anal fin long-based, commencing at point of insertion of pelvic fins, uniformly very low. Caudal fin deeply forked. Pectoral fins shorter than head length. Pelvic fins inserted slightly in front of pectoral fins, first 2 soft rays fused and greatly elongated. Color: upper sides deep metallic blue, remainder silvery, with a row of round to ovoid, dark slaty-blue spots above and below lat- eral line, sometimes a few additional spots above and below these rows; pelvic fins with a trace of blue, other fins hyaline or slightly dusky. Size: commonly 20 cm, maximum 30 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific from the east coast of Africa east to Melane- sia, Australia north to Japan. Re- marks: found in coastal waters to depths of 200 m. Marketed fresh and dried. Mene maculata, KAUM-I. 16946, 10.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
This family is represented by a single species; see the following spe- cies account.
This family is represented by a single species; see the following spe- cies account.
Equulites laterofenestra, KAUM-I. 17110, 8.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 an a area: Leiognathidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having strongly protrusible mouth, naked head (except cheek in some species), and small cycloid scales on body. Carangidae — 2 dorsal fins; mouth not highly protrusible. Gerre- idae — scales large; head scaled; scaly sheath along the bases of dorsal and anal fins well developed.
Equulites laterofenestra, KAUM-I. 17110, 8.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 an a area: Leiognathidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having strongly protrusible mouth, naked head (except cheek in some species), and small cycloid scales on body. Carangidae — 2 dorsal fins; mouth not highly protrusible. Gerre- idae — scales large; head scaled; scaly sheath along the bases of dorsal and anal fins well developed.
Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine and estuarine areas. The generic names follow Kimura et al. (2008a, b, c).
Remarks: occurring in tropical to temperate marine and estuarine areas. The generic names follow Kimura et al. (2008a, b, c).
Equulites leuciscus, KAUM-I. 17266, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Equulites leuciscus, KAUM-I. 17266, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Equulites oblongus, KAUM-I. 16861, 6.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Equulites oblongus, KAUM-I. 16861, 6.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Equulites stercorarius, KAUM-I. 16860, 9.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Equulites stercorarius, KAUM-I. 16860, 9.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Eubleekeria jonesi, KAUM-I. 16865, 7.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Eubleekeria jonesi, KAUM-I. 16865, 7.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Gazza rhombea, KAUM-I. 17163, 11.5 cm SL (preserved specimen) off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 (photo by Seishi Kimura) Gazza minuta, KAUM-I. 16858, 8.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 length about 18 cm SL. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, from Pakistan to Vanuatu, northward to southern Japan. Remarks: usually found in sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal and brack- ish waters. body not reaching to a vertical through posterior tip of sensory canal on tem- poral; breast completely naked. Col- or: body bluish silver dorsally, bril- liant silvery-white ventrally; anal fin yellowish distally. Size: maximum
Gazza rhombea, KAUM-I. 17163, 11.5 cm SL (preserved specimen) off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 (photo by Seishi Kimura) Gazza minuta, KAUM-I. 16858, 8.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 length about 18 cm SL. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, from Pakistan to Vanuatu, northward to southern Japan. Remarks: usually found in sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal and brack- ish waters. body not reaching to a vertical through posterior tip of sensory canal on tem- poral; breast completely naked. Col- or: body bluish silver dorsally, bril- liant silvery-white ventrally; anal fin yellowish distally. Size: maximum
Nuchequula longicornis, KAUM-I. 16920, 9.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 Leiognathus equulus, UMTF 1497 (KAUM-I. 16729), 8.4 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008 Longspine Ponyfish
Nuchequula longicornis, KAUM-I. 16920, 9.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 Leiognathus equulus, UMTF 1497 (KAUM-I. 16729), 8.4 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008 Longspine Ponyfish
Secutor hanedai, KAUM-I. 17276, 5.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009 Secutor hanedai, KAUM-I. 17275, 3.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Secutor hanedai, KAUM-I. 17276, 5.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009 Secutor hanedai, KAUM-I. 17275, 3.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Secutor indicius, KAUM-I. 17265, 8.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Secutor indicius, KAUM-I. 17265, 8.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Secutor indicius, KAUM-I. 16857, 8.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Secutor indicius, KAUM-I. 16857, 8.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
m, mainly over reefs or rocky out- crops. Active predators, mostly noc- turnal, feeding on crustaceans, mol- lusks, and fishes. broadly united to each other; pre- opercular margin typically smooth; branchiostegal rays 6; soft rays of dorsal fin 9 or 10; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Nemipteridae — preoper- cular margin typically smooth; soft rays of dorsal fin 9; soft rays of anal fin usually 7; branchiostegal rays 6. Sparidae — preopercular margin typi- cally smooth; branchiostegal rays 6; teeth in jaws variable-conical, incisi- form, or molariform.
m, mainly over reefs or rocky out- crops. Active predators, mostly noc- turnal, feeding on crustaceans, mol- lusks, and fishes. broadly united to each other; pre- opercular margin typically smooth; branchiostegal rays 6; soft rays of dorsal fin 9 or 10; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Nemipteridae — preoper- cular margin typically smooth; soft rays of dorsal fin 9; soft rays of anal fin usually 7; branchiostegal rays 6. Sparidae — preopercular margin typi- cally smooth; branchiostegal rays 6; teeth in jaws variable-conical, incisi- form, or molariform.
Lutjanus argentimaculatus, UMTF 1519 (KAUM-I. 16722), 16.9 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008 ilaidadimmioenaieal’ )innediatiatliaeaiai ieee aadiaieninainal Similar families occurring in the area: Caesionidae — mouth small; premaxillae extremely protrusible; teeth small and minute. Haemulidae — scales present on snout and lacrimal; preoperculomandibular canal lateral system opening under chin; usually no teeth on vomer and palatines. Lethrinidae — opercular membranes
Lutjanus argentimaculatus, UMTF 1519 (KAUM-I. 16722), 16.9 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008 ilaidadimmioenaieal’ )innediatiatliaeaiai ieee aadiaieninainal Similar families occurring in the area: Caesionidae — mouth small; premaxillae extremely protrusible; teeth small and minute. Haemulidae — scales present on snout and lacrimal; preoperculomandibular canal lateral system opening under chin; usually no teeth on vomer and palatines. Lethrinidae — opercular membranes
Lutjanus fulviflamma, KAUM-L 16504, 7.5 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Lutjanus fulviflamma, KAUM-L 16504, 7.5 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Lutjanus malabaricus, KAUM-I. 17019, 11.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008 Lutjanus lutjanus, UMTF 1010 (KAUM-I. 16639), 12.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Lutjanus malabaricus, KAUM-I. 17019, 11.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008 Lutjanus lutjanus, UMTF 1010 (KAUM-I. 16639), 12.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Lutjanus russellii, UMTF 1043 (KAUM-I. 16796), 7.8 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Lutjanus quinquelineatus, KAUM-I. 16974, 12.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Lutjanus russellii, UMTF 1043 (KAUM-I. 16796), 7.8 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Lutjanus quinquelineatus, KAUM-I. 16974, 12.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Lutjanus vitta, KAUM-I. 16941, 10.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Lutjanus vitta, KAUM-I. 16941, 10.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Caesio cuning, KAUM-I. 16984, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008 Bt A AE NS Similar families occurring in the area: Lutjanidae — closely allied to Caesionidae and difficult to distin- guish from Caesionidae on the basis of any single external character, but most members of Lutjanidae having a deeper body, the eye well above the horizontal axis of the body, and lack- ing a strongly forked caudal fin; those lutjanid genera with the horizontal passing near the center of eye either having scale rows running obliquely upward, fewer than 9 anal fin rays, no scales on dorsal and anal fins, or the caudal fin much less deeply forked. Nemipteridae — eye above horizontal axis in most species; 9 dorsal and 7 or 8 anal fins soft rays. Lethrinidae — eye always above horizontal axis of body; base of soft part of dorsal fin generally shorter than base of spinous part; 8-10 anal fin soft rays; usually enlarged canines in front of jaws, sometimes lateral molars. Emmelichthyidae — superficially simi- lar but caught in deep water; maxilla fully scaly; dorsal fin with IX spines and usually 12 soft rays.
Caesio cuning, KAUM-I. 16984, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008 Bt A AE NS Similar families occurring in the area: Lutjanidae — closely allied to Caesionidae and difficult to distin- guish from Caesionidae on the basis of any single external character, but most members of Lutjanidae having a deeper body, the eye well above the horizontal axis of the body, and lack- ing a strongly forked caudal fin; those lutjanid genera with the horizontal passing near the center of eye either having scale rows running obliquely upward, fewer than 9 anal fin rays, no scales on dorsal and anal fins, or the caudal fin much less deeply forked. Nemipteridae — eye above horizontal axis in most species; 9 dorsal and 7 or 8 anal fins soft rays. Lethrinidae — eye always above horizontal axis of body; base of soft part of dorsal fin generally shorter than base of spinous part; 8-10 anal fin soft rays; usually enlarged canines in front of jaws, sometimes lateral molars. Emmelichthyidae — superficially simi- lar but caught in deep water; maxilla fully scaly; dorsal fin with IX spines and usually 12 soft rays.
depths of 60 m. Feed by picking zoo- plankton. Major importance in coral- reef fisheries.
depths of 60 m. Feed by picking zoo- plankton. Major importance in coral- reef fisheries.
Pterocaesio digramma, KAUM-I. 17226, 14.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009 Pterocaesio chrysozona, KAUM-I. 16989, 12.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Pterocaesio digramma, KAUM-I. 17226, 14.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009 Pterocaesio chrysozona, KAUM-I. 16989, 12.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Dipterygonotus balteatus, KAUM-I. 17169, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Dipterygonotus balteatus, KAUM-I. 17169, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Gerres erythrourus, KAUM-I. 16879, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 scales on body, and scaly sheath along the bases of dorsal and anal fins. Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, and Sparidae — mouth not highly pro- trusible. Similar families occurring in the area: Gerreidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having strongly protrusible mouth, scaled head, moderately large cycloid
Gerres erythrourus, KAUM-I. 16879, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 scales on body, and scaly sheath along the bases of dorsal and anal fins. Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, and Sparidae — mouth not highly pro- trusible. Similar families occurring in the area: Gerreidae is distinguished from the following similar families in having strongly protrusible mouth, scaled head, moderately large cycloid
Gerres filamentosus, KAUM-I. 16878, 17.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Gerres filamentosus, KAUM-I. 16878, 17.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Gerres limbatus, UMTF 1175 (KAUM-I. 16801), 3.7 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Gerres limbatus, UMTF 1527 (KAUM-I. 16732), 8.0 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
Gerres limbatus, UMTF 1175 (KAUM-I. 16801), 3.7 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Gerres limbatus, UMTF 1527 (KAUM-I. 16732), 8.0 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
Pentaprion longimanus, KAUM-I. 17087, 9.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 with a mirror-like stripe from snout to caudal peduncle; fins dusky yellow. Size: maximum length 20 cm. Distri- bution: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: inhabits inshore areas on muddy-sand bottoms to depths of 70 m. Marketed frech: commonly used for ficshmeal. Gerres macracanthus, KAUM-I. 16963, 11.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Pentaprion longimanus, KAUM-I. 17087, 9.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 with a mirror-like stripe from snout to caudal peduncle; fins dusky yellow. Size: maximum length 20 cm. Distri- bution: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: inhabits inshore areas on muddy-sand bottoms to depths of 70 m. Marketed frech: commonly used for ficshmeal. Gerres macracanthus, KAUM-I. 16963, 11.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Gerres oyena, KAUM-I. 16509, 6.4 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Gerres oyena, KAUM-I. 16509, 6.4 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Diagramma picta picta, KAUM-I. 16901, 12.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the rea: Lutjanidae — suborbital area na- area: Lutjanidae — suborbital area na-
Diagramma picta picta, KAUM-I. 16901, 12.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the rea: Lutjanidae — suborbital area na- area: Lutjanidae — suborbital area na-
Remarks: inhabit coastal waters including reefs, bays, and estuaries, down to about 80 m. Carnivorous, feed on small benthic invertebrates or fishes. Esteemed as food fish, caught by spear, line, and various nets; mar- keted fresh or salted. ked; palatine usually toothed. Le- thrinidae — no scales on preopercle; dorsal fin with 9-10 soft rays. Ne- mipteridae — no pores on chin; hind margin of lacrimal exposed. Sparidae — suborbital area naked; preopercular margin not serrated.
Remarks: inhabit coastal waters including reefs, bays, and estuaries, down to about 80 m. Carnivorous, feed on small benthic invertebrates or fishes. Esteemed as food fish, caught by spear, line, and various nets; mar- keted fresh or salted. ked; palatine usually toothed. Le- thrinidae — no scales on preopercle; dorsal fin with 9-10 soft rays. Ne- mipteridae — no pores on chin; hind margin of lacrimal exposed. Sparidae — suborbital area naked; preopercular margin not serrated.
Plectorhinchus gibbosus, UMTF 1011 (KAUM-I. 16672), 10.5 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Plectorhinchus gibbosus, UMTF 1011 (KAUM-I. 16672), 10.5 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Pomadasys argenteus, KAUM-I. 17252, 13.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Pomadasys argenteus, KAUM-I. 17252, 13.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Plectorhinchus gibbosus, KAUM-I. 17058, 38.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
Plectorhinchus gibbosus, KAUM-I. 17058, 38.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
Pomadasys kaakan, KAUM-I. 17000, 11.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Pomadasys kaakan, KAUM-I. 17000, 11.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Pomadasys maculatus, KAUM-I. 16835, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Pomadasys unimaculatus, KAUM-I. 17085, 16.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Pomadasys maculatus, KAUM-I. 16835, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Pomadasys unimaculatus, KAUM-I. 17085, 16.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
fin with III spines and 9-13 soft rays; no elongated, pointed scales at base of pelvic fin. Haemulidae — dorsal fin with IX—XIV spines and 11-26 soft rays. Lethrinidae — anal fin with III spines and 8-10 soft rays; no scales on preopercle in Lethrinus (scaly in other genera). Lutjanidae — no elon- gate and pointed scales at base of pelvic fin. with sandy or muddy bottoms, down to about 300 m depth. Carnivorous, feed on small fishes, crustaceans, cephalopods, and polychaetes. Es- teemed as food fish in many species; marketed fresh, dried and salted, or minced for fish balls or fish cakes.
fin with III spines and 9-13 soft rays; no elongated, pointed scales at base of pelvic fin. Haemulidae — dorsal fin with IX—XIV spines and 11-26 soft rays. Lethrinidae — anal fin with III spines and 8-10 soft rays; no scales on preopercle in Lethrinus (scaly in other genera). Lutjanidae — no elon- gate and pointed scales at base of pelvic fin. with sandy or muddy bottoms, down to about 300 m depth. Carnivorous, feed on small fishes, crustaceans, cephalopods, and polychaetes. Es- teemed as food fish in many species; marketed fresh, dried and salted, or minced for fish balls or fish cakes.
Nemipterus bathybius, KAUM-I. 17133, 11.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Caesionidae — dorsal fin with X-XV spines and 8-22 soft rays; anal
Nemipterus bathybius, KAUM-I. 17133, 11.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Caesionidae — dorsal fin with X-XV spines and 8-22 soft rays; anal
Nemipterus furcosus, UMTF 1080 (KAUM-L. 16573), 13.0 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Nemipterus furcosus, UMTF 1080 (KAUM-L. 16573), 13.0 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Nemipterus marginatus, KAUM-I. 16821, 8.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Nemipterus hexodon, KAUM-I. 17017, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Nemipterus marginatus, KAUM-I. 16821, 8.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Nemipterus hexodon, KAUM-I. 17017, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Pentapodus setosus, KAUM-I. 16819, 10.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Nemipterus zysron, KAUM-I. 17134, 12.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Pentapodus setosus, KAUM-I. 16819, 10.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Nemipterus zysron, KAUM-I. 17134, 12.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Nemipterus tambuloides, KAUM-I. 17132, 11.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Nemipterus tambuloides, KAUM-I. 17132, 11.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Scolopsis monogramma, UMTF 1358 (KAUM-I. 16576), 17.0 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Scolopsis monogramma, KAUM-I. 16848, 18.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Monogrammed Monocle Bream
Scolopsis monogramma, UMTF 1358 (KAUM-I. 16576), 17.0 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Scolopsis monogramma, KAUM-I. 16848, 18.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Monogrammed Monocle Bream
RORSIRES Onn oN =a Sa Ie ee Se DOE BEE EAT rnERe MICRA NOSOTROS RUCE ON aN | SES EMULE NS OSL OEAN TOO DX, 9; ATI, 7; Pi 16-17; P21, 5; LL 36-39. Body relatively deep, com- pressed; body depth 2.4-3.8 in SL. Suborbital margin with a large back- wardly pointing spine; no antrorse spine just below eye; lower limb of preopercle scaled. Pelvic fin reaching to anus when deppressed; caudal fin forked or lunate, upper lobe a little longer than lower lobe or produced into a short filament. Color: head and body grayish dorsally, silvery ventral- ly; dusky midlateral stripe on body; some sky blue streaks on head. Size: commonly 18 cm SL. Distribution: the Andaman Sea and West Pacific. Remarks: found in coastal waters with sandy or muddy bottom around coral reefs in depths to 50 m. Tr O11. "4... 4 Scolopsis margaritifera, UMTF 1318 (KAUM-I. 16595), 4.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
RORSIRES Onn oN =a Sa Ie ee Se DOE BEE EAT rnERe MICRA NOSOTROS RUCE ON aN | SES EMULE NS OSL OEAN TOO DX, 9; ATI, 7; Pi 16-17; P21, 5; LL 36-39. Body relatively deep, com- pressed; body depth 2.4-3.8 in SL. Suborbital margin with a large back- wardly pointing spine; no antrorse spine just below eye; lower limb of preopercle scaled. Pelvic fin reaching to anus when deppressed; caudal fin forked or lunate, upper lobe a little longer than lower lobe or produced into a short filament. Color: head and body grayish dorsally, silvery ventral- ly; dusky midlateral stripe on body; some sky blue streaks on head. Size: commonly 18 cm SL. Distribution: the Andaman Sea and West Pacific. Remarks: found in coastal waters with sandy or muddy bottom around coral reefs in depths to 50 m. Tr O11. "4... 4 Scolopsis margaritifera, UMTF 1318 (KAUM-I. 16595), 4.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Scolopsis taenioptera, KAUM-I. 16970, 19.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Scolopsis taenioptera, KAUM-I. 16970, 19.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Scolopsis vosmeri, KAUM-I. 16853, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Scolopsis vosmeri, KAUM-I. 16853, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Gymnocranius elongatus, KAUM-1. 17069, 13.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Remarks: commonly found in coastal waters around coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves. Carnivorous, feeds on various organ- isms, e.g., fishes, mollusks, crusta- ceans, polychaetes, and sea urchins. Esteemed as food fish, caught by han-
Gymnocranius elongatus, KAUM-1. 17069, 13.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Remarks: commonly found in coastal waters around coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves. Carnivorous, feeds on various organ- isms, e.g., fishes, mollusks, crusta- ceans, polychaetes, and sea urchins. Esteemed as food fish, caught by han-
Gymnocranius elongatus, KAUM-1. 17109, 13.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Gymnocranius elongatus, KAUM-1. 17109, 13.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Gymnocranius griseus, KAUM-I. 17316, 16.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 21 Jan. 2009
Gymnocranius griseus, KAUM-I. 17316, 16.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 21 Jan. 2009
Lethrinus genivittatus, KAUM-I. 16980, 12.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Lethrinus genivittatus, KAUM-I. 16980, 12.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Lethrinus genivittatus, KAUM-I. 17240, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Jan. 2009
Lethrinus genivittatus, KAUM-I. 17240, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 15 Jan. 2009
Lethrinus lentjan, KAUM-I. 16923, 16.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 Lethrinus ornatus, UMTF 1061 (KAUM-I. 16334), 7.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Lethrinus lentjan, KAUM-I. 16923, 16.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Dec. 2008 Lethrinus ornatus, UMTF 1061 (KAUM-I. 16334), 7.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Lethrinus variegatus, KAUM-I. 17048, 12.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Lethrinus variegatus, KAUM-I. 17048, 12.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Acanthopagrus pacificus, KAUM-I. 17141, 18.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Acanthopagrus pacificus, KAUM-I. 17141, 18.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Eleutheronema tetradactylum, KAUM-I. 17039, 23.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 ctenoid, extending onto head; scales covering most of dorsal, pectoral, anal and caudal fins; lateral line extend- ing onto posterior margin of caudal fin; trisegmental pterygiophores ab- sent. Vertebrae 10 precaudal and 14 or 15 caudal; supraneural bones 0 to 3. Color: silvery, golden or brown. A large black spot at anterior lateral line or several longitudinal dark stripes in some species. Similar families occurring in the area: pectoral fin and filament characters (see above description) distinguish Polynemidae from all other families.
Eleutheronema tetradactylum, KAUM-I. 17039, 23.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 ctenoid, extending onto head; scales covering most of dorsal, pectoral, anal and caudal fins; lateral line extend- ing onto posterior margin of caudal fin; trisegmental pterygiophores ab- sent. Vertebrae 10 precaudal and 14 or 15 caudal; supraneural bones 0 to 3. Color: silvery, golden or brown. A large black spot at anterior lateral line or several longitudinal dark stripes in some species. Similar families occurring in the area: pectoral fin and filament characters (see above description) distinguish Polynemidae from all other families.
Remarks: taken over sandy or muddy bottoms in tropical and sub- tropical coastal, brackish and frsh- waters. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Some species her- maphrodites.
Remarks: taken over sandy or muddy bottoms in tropical and sub- tropical coastal, brackish and frsh- waters. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Some species her- maphrodites.
Polydactylus sextarius, KAUM-I. 16905, 12.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Leptomelanosoma indicum, KAUM-I. 17104, 20.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Polydactylus sextarius, KAUM-I. 16905, 12.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Leptomelanosoma indicum, KAUM-I. 17104, 20.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Chrysochir aureus, KAUM-I. 17063, 19.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Remarks: occurs in coastal wa- ters, estuaries and rivers. No records from oceanic island groups distantly separated from a continental shelf. Usually found over muddy or sandy UYUUUITIIS. Similar families occurring in the area: the following combination of characters distinguish Sciaenidae from all other families: anal fin with II spines and lateral line scales ex- tending to posterior margin of caudal fin. Bengal east to southern China and In- donesia. Remarks: inhabits shallow coastal waters. (A. Arshad) gray suffused with orange. Size: max- imum standard length about 30 cm, commonly to 25 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. from the Bay of
Chrysochir aureus, KAUM-I. 17063, 19.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008 Remarks: occurs in coastal wa- ters, estuaries and rivers. No records from oceanic island groups distantly separated from a continental shelf. Usually found over muddy or sandy UYUUUITIIS. Similar families occurring in the area: the following combination of characters distinguish Sciaenidae from all other families: anal fin with II spines and lateral line scales ex- tending to posterior margin of caudal fin. Bengal east to southern China and In- donesia. Remarks: inhabits shallow coastal waters. (A. Arshad) gray suffused with orange. Size: max- imum standard length about 30 cm, commonly to 25 cm. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. from the Bay of
Dendrophysa russelli, KAUM-L. 16997, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Dendrophysa russelli, KAUM-L. 16997, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Johnius amblycephalus, KAUM-I. 17255, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Johnius amblycephalus, KAUM-I. 17255, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Jan. 2009
Johnius macrorhynus, KAUM-I. 16873, 15.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Johnius macrorhynus, KAUM-I. 16873, 15.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Nibea semifasciata, KAUM-I. 16876, 15.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Nibea soldado, KAUM-I. 16998, 17.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Nibea semifasciata, KAUM-I. 16876, 15.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Nibea soldado, KAUM-I. 16998, 17.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Larimichthys crocea, KAUM-I. 16977, 20.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Larimichthys crocea, KAUM-I. 16977, 20.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Pennahia anea, KAUM-I. 16875, 13.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Otolithes ruber, KAUM-L 16874, 17.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Pennahia anea, KAUM-I. 16875, 13.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Otolithes ruber, KAUM-L 16874, 17.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, KAUM-I. 16855, 13.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Similar familles occurring in the area: Polymixiidae is the only other family with a pair of long barbels on chin; the species occur in deep water,
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, KAUM-I. 16855, 13.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Similar familles occurring in the area: Polymixiidae is the only other family with a pair of long barbels on chin; the species occur in deep water,
Upeneus guttatus, KAUM-I. 16964, 11.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Upeneus guttatus, KAUM-I. 16964, 11.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Upeneus sulphureus, KAUM-I. 17097, 13.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 29 Dec. 2008
Upeneus sulphureus, KAUM-I. 17097, 13.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 29 Dec. 2008
Parupeneus heptacanthus, KAUM-I. 16856, 14.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Parupeneus heptacanthus, KAUM-I. 16856, 14.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Upeneus tragula, KAUM-I. 17150, 18.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Upeneus tragula, KAUM-I. 17150, 18.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Upeneus sundaicus, KAUM-I. 17098, 12.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 29 Dec. 2008
Upeneus sundaicus, KAUM-I. 17098, 12.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 29 Dec. 2008
Upeneus tragula, UMTF 1062 (KAUM-I. 16513), 7.8 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Upeneus tragula, UMTF 1062 (KAUM-I. 16513), 7.8 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Pempheris oualensis, KAUM-I. 17178, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Pempheris oualensis, KAUM-I. 17178, 11.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
fin with X—XVII spines; spinous por- tion of dorsal fin well separated from soft-rayed portion. Carangidae — cau- dal fin forked; anal fin with II spines. Menidae — ventral profile conspicu- ously more convex than dorsal pro- file; first 2 pelvic fin rays elongated. occasionally entering freshwater. Mi- nor commercial importance; but some are caught for the aquarium fish trade.
fin with X—XVII spines; spinous por- tion of dorsal fin well separated from soft-rayed portion. Carangidae — cau- dal fin forked; anal fin with II spines. Menidae — ventral profile conspicu- ously more convex than dorsal pro- file; first 2 pelvic fin rays elongated. occasionally entering freshwater. Mi- nor commercial importance; but some are caught for the aquarium fish trade.
Monodactylus argenteus, UMTF 1525 (KAUM-I. 16725), 8.4 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Drepaneidae and Ephip- pidae — pelvic fins well developed; gill membranes attached to isthmus. Chaetodonti-dae and Scatophagidae — pelvic fins well-developed; dorsal
Monodactylus argenteus, UMTF 1525 (KAUM-I. 16725), 8.4 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Drepaneidae and Ephip- pidae — pelvic fins well developed; gill membranes attached to isthmus. Chaetodonti-dae and Scatophagidae — pelvic fins well-developed; dorsal
Toxotes jaculatrix, UMTF 1008 (KAUM-I. 16787), 7.5 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Ue Calli, Similar families occurring in the area: Pempheridae — snout blunt, dorsal-fin base short, positioned above pectoral fins; anal fin long, usually with more than 30 soft rays; occur in marine rather than estuarine and fresh-water habitats. Remarks: inhabit mangrove shores, estuaries, and fresh waters, always in shallow depths. Exhibit im- pressive hunting techniques in which they use jets of water to knock aerial insects into the water where they can
Toxotes jaculatrix, UMTF 1008 (KAUM-I. 16787), 7.5 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Ue Calli, Similar families occurring in the area: Pempheridae — snout blunt, dorsal-fin base short, positioned above pectoral fins; anal fin long, usually with more than 30 soft rays; occur in marine rather than estuarine and fresh-water habitats. Remarks: inhabit mangrove shores, estuaries, and fresh waters, always in shallow depths. Exhibit im- pressive hunting techniques in which they use jets of water to knock aerial insects into the water where they can
Kyphosus cinerascens, KAUM-I. 17044, 31.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Sparidae — molar teeth often present; pectoral fins long. Le- thrinidae — head much larger; lateral teeth conical or molar-like; pectoral fins long. Remarks: occurs on rocky and coral reefs in tropical and temper- ate waters. Herbivorous, feeding pri-
Kyphosus cinerascens, KAUM-I. 17044, 31.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Sparidae — molar teeth often present; pectoral fins long. Le- thrinidae — head much larger; lateral teeth conical or molar-like; pectoral fins long. Remarks: occurs on rocky and coral reefs in tropical and temper- ate waters. Herbivorous, feeding pri-
marily on benthic algae. Schooling, sometimes in a group of mixed spe- cies of other kyphosids. lobes. Scales ctenoid and not decidu- ous, extending onto most of soft por- tions of dorsal and anal fins and proxi- mal part of caudal fin. Color: dull olive or silvery black, lighter below; distinct longitudinal lines on sides.
marily on benthic algae. Schooling, sometimes in a group of mixed spe- cies of other kyphosids. lobes. Scales ctenoid and not decidu- ous, extending onto most of soft por- tions of dorsal and anal fins and proxi- mal part of caudal fin. Color: dull olive or silvery black, lighter below; distinct longitudinal lines on sides.
silvery gray above, silverywhite be- low, with dusky spots or gray vertical bars.
silvery gray above, silverywhite be- low, with dusky spots or gray vertical bars.
Drepane longimana, KAUM-I. 16903, 12.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Drepane longimana, KAUM-I. 16903, 12.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Drepane punctata, KAUM-I. 17118, 2.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Drepane punctata, KAUM-I. 17118, 2.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Drepane punctata, KAUM-I. 17067, 25.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
Drepane punctata, KAUM-I. 17067, 25.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
Color: most species very brightly col- ored with complex and varied color patterns; many species with a dark occellate “false-eye” spot on posterior portion of body. commonly treated as an aquarium fish. Similar families occurring in the area: Pomacanthidae — a strong spine at angle of preopercle; most of conspicuous species larger and more colorful. Scatophagidae — dorsal fin with a deep notch; IV anal fin spines; mouth not protractile. Zanclidae — strongly produced snout, bony su- praocular projections, and only VII dorsal fin spines.
Color: most species very brightly col- ored with complex and varied color patterns; many species with a dark occellate “false-eye” spot on posterior portion of body. commonly treated as an aquarium fish. Similar families occurring in the area: Pomacanthidae — a strong spine at angle of preopercle; most of conspicuous species larger and more colorful. Scatophagidae — dorsal fin with a deep notch; IV anal fin spines; mouth not protractile. Zanclidae — strongly produced snout, bony su- praocular projections, and only VII dorsal fin spines.
Chaetodon octofasciatus, UMTF 1235 (KAUM-I. 16601), 4.1 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Remarks: generally found on coral reefs, usually in shallow water above depths of 20-30 m. Feed on coral polyps, colonial sea anemones, tentacles of tubeworms, small crusta- ceans, zooplankton, and algae. No im- portance in commercial fisheries; but
Chaetodon octofasciatus, UMTF 1235 (KAUM-I. 16601), 4.1 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Remarks: generally found on coral reefs, usually in shallow water above depths of 20-30 m. Feed on coral polyps, colonial sea anemones, tentacles of tubeworms, small crusta- ceans, zooplankton, and algae. No im- portance in commercial fisheries; but
Coradion chrysozonus, UMTF 1361 (KAUM-I. 16640), 11.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Coradion chrysozonus, UMTF 1361 (KAUM-I. 16640), 11.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Parachaetodon ocellatus, KAUM-I. 17217, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Parachaetodon ocellatus, KAUM-I. 17217, 10.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
lary scaly process present at bases of pelvic fins. Ephippidae — lack a strong spine at angle of preopercle; generally less colorful as adults; dorsal and anal fins often very elongate. Scatophagi- dae — dorsal fin with a deep notch, lacking spines at angle of preopercle, and having IV anal-fin spines. most diagnostic for species identifica- tion. Remarks: generally found on cor- il reefs at depths of 540 m. Frequently itilized as aquarium fish. Similar families occurring in the area: Chaetodontidae — lack a strong spine at angle of preopercle; an axil-
lary scaly process present at bases of pelvic fins. Ephippidae — lack a strong spine at angle of preopercle; generally less colorful as adults; dorsal and anal fins often very elongate. Scatophagi- dae — dorsal fin with a deep notch, lacking spines at angle of preopercle, and having IV anal-fin spines. most diagnostic for species identifica- tion. Remarks: generally found on cor- il reefs at depths of 540 m. Frequently itilized as aquarium fish. Similar families occurring in the area: Chaetodontidae — lack a strong spine at angle of preopercle; an axil-
turbid water, around caves and wrecks at depths of 10-30 m. Found solitary or in pairs. Feeds on sponges and tuni-
turbid water, around caves and wrecks at depths of 10-30 m. Found solitary or in pairs. Feeds on sponges and tuni-
markings; most marine species with 3 or more dark, straight or downwardly curved longitudinal stripes on body; some with dark transverse bands on lobes of caudal fin. ing hypersaline and Iresh waters. Similar families occurring in the area: Serranidae — mouth large, with upper jaw typically reaching to below vertical through posterior margin of eye; caudal fin typically rounded; 3 strong spines on opercle. Kuhliidae — dorsal fin with X spines.
markings; most marine species with 3 or more dark, straight or downwardly curved longitudinal stripes on body; some with dark transverse bands on lobes of caudal fin. ing hypersaline and Iresh waters. Similar families occurring in the area: Serranidae — mouth large, with upper jaw typically reaching to below vertical through posterior margin of eye; caudal fin typically rounded; 3 strong spines on opercle. Kuhliidae — dorsal fin with X spines.
Pelates quadrilineatus, KAUM-I. 17033, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Remarks: marine terapontids in- habiting inshore marine and brackish waters, with some species also enter-
Pelates quadrilineatus, KAUM-I. 17033, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Remarks: marine terapontids in- habiting inshore marine and brackish waters, with some species also enter-
Terapon theraps, KAUM-I. 16892, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Terapon jarbua, UMTF 1068 (KAUM-I. 16484), 7.0 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Terapon theraps, KAUM-I. 16892, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Terapon jarbua, UMTF 1068 (KAUM-I. 16484), 7.0 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Terapon jarbua, KAUM-I. 16986, 19.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008
Terapon jarbua, KAUM-I. 16986, 19.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 13 Dec. 2008
Acanthocepola abbreviata, KAUM-I. 17136, 21.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Acanthocepola abbreviata, KAUM-I. 17135, 28.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Philippines. Remarks: inhabits mud or sand bottoms of coastal waters. Caught mostly with bottom trawls. dal fin dark red to black. Size: maxi- mum length about 30 cm. Distribu- tion: eastern Indian Ocean and West Pacific from the Gulf of Oman to northwestern Australia, north to the
Acanthocepola abbreviata, KAUM-I. 17136, 21.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Acanthocepola abbreviata, KAUM-I. 17135, 28.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Philippines. Remarks: inhabits mud or sand bottoms of coastal waters. Caught mostly with bottom trawls. dal fin dark red to black. Size: maxi- mum length about 30 cm. Distribu- tion: eastern Indian Ocean and West Pacific from the Gulf of Oman to northwestern Australia, north to the
aa al Remarks: relatively uncommon fishes taken by trawls in shallow to Similar families occurring in the area: the combination of a lan- ceolate tail, large oblique mouth, and the arrangement of the pelvic-fin rays, consisting of I spine and 5 seg- mented rays (the outermost ray un- branched or weakly branched and the inner 4 branched), distinguishes the bandfishes from all other families. eral line nigh on body, close to dorsal- fin base, terminating posteriorly near end of fin; lateral-line tubes or canals on scales not embedded in skin. Scales cycloid (smooth) or with crenulate margins, relatively large to minute. Color: in life red or pink; most spe- cies have a distinctive dark stripe on the membrane (usually hidden) con- necting the premaxillary and maxil- lary bones of the upper jaw.
aa al Remarks: relatively uncommon fishes taken by trawls in shallow to Similar families occurring in the area: the combination of a lan- ceolate tail, large oblique mouth, and the arrangement of the pelvic-fin rays, consisting of I spine and 5 seg- mented rays (the outermost ray un- branched or weakly branched and the inner 4 branched), distinguishes the bandfishes from all other families. eral line nigh on body, close to dorsal- fin base, terminating posteriorly near end of fin; lateral-line tubes or canals on scales not embedded in skin. Scales cycloid (smooth) or with crenulate margins, relatively large to minute. Color: in life red or pink; most spe- cies have a distinctive dark stripe on the membrane (usually hidden) con- necting the premaxillary and maxil- lary bones of the upper jaw.
Abudefduf bengalensis, UMTF 1053 (KAUM-I. 16401), 6.2 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Abudefduf bengalensis, UMTF 1053 (KAUM-I. 16401), 6.2 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Damselfishes and Anemonefishes Remarks: found in coastal waters such as bays, coral reefs and rocky shores, and often enter brackish estu- aries or freshwater streams. Frequent- ly utilized as aquarium fish. Similar families occurring in the area: Pomacanthidae — a long, strong spine at the corner of pre- opercle. Chaetodontidae — elongate, somewhat tube-like snout.
Damselfishes and Anemonefishes Remarks: found in coastal waters such as bays, coral reefs and rocky shores, and often enter brackish estu- aries or freshwater streams. Frequent- ly utilized as aquarium fish. Similar families occurring in the area: Pomacanthidae — a long, strong spine at the corner of pre- opercle. Chaetodontidae — elongate, somewhat tube-like snout.
Abudefduf sordidus, UMTF 1486 (KAUM-I. 16335), 2.2 em SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Abudefduf sordidus, UMTF 1486 (KAUM-I. 16335), 2.2 em SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Amblypomacentrus breviceps, UMTF 1254 (KAUM-I. 16585), 3.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amblypomacentrus breviceps, UMTF 1254 (KAUM-I. 16585), 3.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Abudefduf sexfasciatus, KAUM-I. 17047, 9.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Abudefduf sexfasciatus, KAUM-I. 17047, 9.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Amphiprion frenatus, UMTF 1319 (KAUM-I. 16580), 5.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Amphiprion frenatus, KAUM-I. 16579, 6.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amphiprion frenatus, UMTF 1319 (KAUM-I. 16580), 5.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Amphiprion frenatus, KAUM-I. 16579, 6.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amphiprion clarkii, UMTF 1238 (KAUM-L. 16578), 8.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amphiprion clarkii, UMTF 1238 (KAUM-L. 16578), 8.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amphiprion perideraion, UMTF 1233 (KAUM-I. 16581), 6.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Amphiprion ocellaris, UMTF 1406 (KAUM-I. 16559), 2.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amphiprion perideraion, UMTF 1233 (KAUM-I. 16581), 6.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Amphiprion ocellaris, UMTF 1406 (KAUM-I. 16559), 2.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amphiprion ocellaris, UMTF 1236 (KAUM-I. 16582), 5.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Amphiprion ocellaris, UMTF 1236 (KAUM-I. 16582), 5.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Chrysiptera unimaculata, KAUM-L. 16404, 1.7 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008 Chrysiptera unimaculata, UMTF 1837 (KAUM-I. 16397), 4.5 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Chrysiptera unimaculata, KAUM-L. 16404, 1.7 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008 Chrysiptera unimaculata, UMTF 1837 (KAUM-I. 16397), 4.5 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Chromis atripectoralis, UMTF 1391 (KAUM-I. 16591), 6.5 cm SL (preserved specimen) Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Chromis atripectoralis, UMTF 1391 (KAUM-I. 16591), 6.5 cm SL (preserved specimen) Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Dascyllus trimaculatus, UMTF 1302 (KAUM-I. 16587), 3.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Dascyllus reticulatus, UMTF 1418 (KAUM-1. 16600), 2.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Dascyllus trimaculatus, UMTF 1302 (KAUM-I. 16587), 3.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Dascyllus reticulatus, UMTF 1418 (KAUM-1. 16600), 2.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Dischistodus prosopotaenia, KAUM-I. 16614, 3.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Dischistodus prosopotaenia, UMTF 1207 (KAUM-I. 16611), 9.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Dischistodus prosopotaenia, KAUM-I. 16614, 3.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Dischistodus prosopotaenia, UMTF 1207 (KAUM-I. 16611), 9.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Dischistodus fasciatus, UMTF 1337 (KAUM-I. 16621), 4.5 em SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Dischistodus fasciatus, UMTF 1337 (KAUM-I. 16621), 4.5 em SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Neoglyphidodon melas, UMTF 1334 (KAUM-I. 16622), 4.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Neoglyphidodon melas, UMTF 1334 (KAUM-I. 16622), 4.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Neopomacentrus anabatoides, UMTF 1239 (KAUM-I. 16565), 5.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Neopomacentrus cyanomos, UMTF 1021 (KAUM-I. 16648), 6.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Neopomacentrus anabatoides, UMTF 1239 (KAUM-I. 16565), 5.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Neopomacentrus cyanomos, UMTF 1021 (KAUM-I. 16648), 6.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Neopomacentrus taeniurus, UMTF 1028 (KAUM-L. 16762), 5.2 cm SL Setiu, 31 Oct. 2008 Pomacentrus alexanderae, UMTF 1339 (KAUM-I. 16556), 3.0 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Neopomacentrus taeniurus, UMTF 1028 (KAUM-L. 16762), 5.2 cm SL Setiu, 31 Oct. 2008 Pomacentrus alexanderae, UMTF 1339 (KAUM-I. 16556), 3.0 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus chrysurus, UMTF 1227 (KAUM-I. 16613), 4.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus chrysurus, UMTF 1227 (KAUM-I. 16613), 4.2 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus cuneatus, UMTF 1341 (KAUM-I. 16567), 4.1 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus cuneatus, UMTF 1341 (KAUM-I. 16567), 4.1 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus milleri, UMTF 1226 (KAUM-I. 16566), 3.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus milleri, UMTF 1226 (KAUM-I. 16566), 3.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus moluccensis, UMTF 1007 (KAUM-I. 16568), 3.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus moluccensis, UMTF 1007 (KAUM-I. 16568), 3.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus taeniometopon, UMTF 1027 (KAUM-I. 16677), 7.6 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus taeniometopon, UMTF 1027 (KAUM-I. 16677), 7.6 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus taeniometopon, UMTF 1384 (KAUM-I. 16341), 2.1 cm SL Cendering, 16 Oct. 2008
Pomacentrus taeniometopon, UMTF 1384 (KAUM-I. 16341), 2.1 cm SL Cendering, 16 Oct. 2008
Pristotis obtusirostris, KAUM-I. 16981, 6.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008 Pomacentrus tripunctatus, UMTF 1393 (KAUM-I. 16281), 4.3 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Pristotis obtusirostris, KAUM-I. 16981, 6.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008 Pomacentrus tripunctatus, UMTF 1393 (KAUM-I. 16281), 4.3 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Pomacentrus tripunctatus, UMTF 1402 (KAUM-I. 16328), 6.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Pomacentrus tripunctatus, UMTF 1402 (KAUM-I. 16328), 6.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Cheilinus chlorourus, KAUM-I. 17154, 11.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Scaridae — mouth not pro- trusible; teeth in jaws coalesced at base or fused into a bony, parrot-like beak, except a few species; lips con- tinuous with facial skin, without an indentation. Remarks: most common in shal- low waters in a variety of habitats such as coral reefs, rocky reefs, sand, seagrass, and algae, but rarely found in muddy areas. Wrasses are diurnal with diverse feeding habits, including
Cheilinus chlorourus, KAUM-I. 17154, 11.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009 Similar families occurring in the area: Scaridae — mouth not pro- trusible; teeth in jaws coalesced at base or fused into a bony, parrot-like beak, except a few species; lips con- tinuous with facial skin, without an indentation. Remarks: most common in shal- low waters in a variety of habitats such as coral reefs, rocky reefs, sand, seagrass, and algae, but rarely found in muddy areas. Wrasses are diurnal with diverse feeding habits, including
benthic invertebrates, fishes, coral mucus, zooplankton, ectoparasites, and algae. and sex with growth, from an initial phase (IP) of females, the latter able to change sex into an often brilliantly colored terminal male phase (TP).
benthic invertebrates, fishes, coral mucus, zooplankton, ectoparasites, and algae. and sex with growth, from an initial phase (IP) of females, the latter able to change sex into an often brilliantly colored terminal male phase (TP).
Cheilinus fasciatus, KAUM-I. 17051, 13.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Cheilinus fasciatus, KAUM-I. 17051, 13.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Dec. 2008
Epibulus insidiator, KAUM-I. 17143, 17.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Cheilinus trilobatus, KAUM-I. 17158, 20.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Epibulus insidiator, KAUM-I. 17143, 17.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009 Cheilinus trilobatus, KAUM-I. 17158, 20.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 4 Jan. 2009
Halichoeres argus, KAUM-I. 16517, IP, 4.8 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 Halichoeres argus, UMTF 1304 (KAUM-I. 16624), TP, 5.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres argus, KAUM-I. 16517, IP, 4.8 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 Halichoeres argus, UMTF 1304 (KAUM-I. 16624), TP, 5.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres chloropterus, UMTF 1366 (KAUM-I. 16609), 10.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres chloropterus, UMTF 1366 (KAUM-I. 16609), 10.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres chloropterus, UMTF 1367 (KAUM-I. 16619), 4.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres chloropterus, UMTF 1367 (KAUM-I. 16619), 4.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres nigrescens, KAUM-I. 16326, 6.7 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008 Halichoeres melanurus, UMTF 1347 (KAUM-I. 16604), 4.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres nigrescens, KAUM-I. 16326, 6.7 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008 Halichoeres melanurus, UMTF 1347 (KAUM-I. 16604), 4.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Halichoeres marginatus, UMTF 1206 (KAUM-I. 16389), 4.3 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Halichoeres marginatus, UMTF 1206 (KAUM-I. 16389), 4.3 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Iniistius trivittatus, KAUM-I. 16945, 12.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008 Hemigymnus melapterus, KAUM-I. 17142, 22.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Iniistius trivittatus, KAUM-I. 16945, 12.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008 Hemigymnus melapterus, KAUM-I. 17142, 22.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Labroides dimidiatus, UMTF 1241 (KAUM-I. 16617), 5.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Labroides dimidiatus, UMTF 1241 (KAUM-I. 16617), 5.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Leptojulis cyanopleura, UMTF 1313 (KAUM-L. 16586), IP, 6.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Leptojulis cyanopleura, KAUM-1. 16584, TP, 9.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Leptojulis cyanopleura, UMTF 1313 (KAUM-L. 16586), IP, 6.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Leptojulis cyanopleura, KAUM-1. 16584, TP, 9.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Leptojulis lambdastigma, KAUM-I. 17035, 10.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Leptojulis lambdastigma, KAUM-I. 17035, 10.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Thalassoma lunare, UMTF 1243 (KAUM-I. 16644), 9.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Oxycheilinus digramma, KAUM-I. 17055, 16.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Dec. 2008
Thalassoma lunare, UMTF 1243 (KAUM-I. 16644), 9.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008 Oxycheilinus digramma, KAUM-I. 17055, 16.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 19 Dec. 2008
Xiphocheilus typus, KAUM-I. 16939, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Xiphocheilus typus, KAUM-I. 16939, 11.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
may exhibit striking sexual dichroma- tism. Most species are protogynous hermaphrodites (maturing first as females, then sexually transforming into males), this sexual transformation is usually accompanied by change in color phase. In species where 2 adult color phases are known the first is termed "initial phase" (IP), the second "terminal phase" (TP). from dead coral substrates. Bits of rock eaten with the algae are crushed into sand and ground with the algae to aid in digestion, making parrotfish some of the most important produc- ers of sand on coral reefs.
may exhibit striking sexual dichroma- tism. Most species are protogynous hermaphrodites (maturing first as females, then sexually transforming into males), this sexual transformation is usually accompanied by change in color phase. In species where 2 adult color phases are known the first is termed "initial phase" (IP), the second "terminal phase" (TP). from dead coral substrates. Bits of rock eaten with the algae are crushed into sand and ground with the algae to aid in digestion, making parrotfish some of the most important produc- ers of sand on coral reefs.
Hipposcarus longiceps, KAUM-I. 17045, 17.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Remarks: parrotfishes are most often found on or in vicinity of coral reefs, and usually most abundant in shallow waters to a depth of 30 m. Herbivorous, usually scraping algae
Hipposcarus longiceps, KAUM-I. 17045, 17.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Remarks: parrotfishes are most often found on or in vicinity of coral reefs, and usually most abundant in shallow waters to a depth of 30 m. Herbivorous, usually scraping algae
Scarus psittacus, KAUM-I. 17152, 13.6 cm SL Redang Island, 4 Jan. 2009
Scarus psittacus, KAUM-I. 17152, 13.6 cm SL Redang Island, 4 Jan. 2009
Scarus ghobban, KAUM-L. 16978, 20.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Scarus ghobban, KAUM-L. 16978, 20.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008
Scarus psittacus, UMTF 1309 (KAUM-I. 16588), 5.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Scarus psittacus, UMTF 1309 (KAUM-I. 16588), 5.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Scarus quoyi, KAUM-I. 17139, 18.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Scarus quoyi, KAUM-I. 17139, 18.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Champsodon vorax, KAUM-I. 17089, 4.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: none. Gapers are easily distinguished from other fishes in the area by having rough, non-overlap- ping scales; large preopercular spine; 2 lacrimal spines projecting anteri- orly over maxilla; pelvic fin, longer than and inserting in front of pecto- ral fin; large mouth with depressible teeth; and 2 horizontal lateral lines. Remarks: captured in depths of 34 to 1100 m. They sometimes oc- cur in great shoals, evidently rising to the surface at night, and are quite
Champsodon vorax, KAUM-I. 17089, 4.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: none. Gapers are easily distinguished from other fishes in the area by having rough, non-overlap- ping scales; large preopercular spine; 2 lacrimal spines projecting anteri- orly over maxilla; pelvic fin, longer than and inserting in front of pecto- ral fin; large mouth with depressible teeth; and 2 horizontal lateral lines. Remarks: captured in depths of 34 to 1100 m. They sometimes oc- cur in great shoals, evidently rising to the surface at night, and are quite
Two horizontal lateral lines composed of numerous small papillae, extend- ing from opercular margin onto caudal fin; numerous (20-25) transverse rows of these sensory papillae. Vertebrae 10-12 + 19-21 = 29-33. Color: body brownish dorsally; lateral and ventral parts tan or silvery, with dark spots along midline in some species; distal third of first dorsal fin dark brown to black or, speckled ; upper or both caudal-fin lobes dark brown in many species; dark blotch at caudal fin base. commonly cast ashore during storms. None of the species is fished com- mercially, but they are often taken along with commercial species; they may also be important prey species for scombrids and other pelagic pred- ators.
Two horizontal lateral lines composed of numerous small papillae, extend- ing from opercular margin onto caudal fin; numerous (20-25) transverse rows of these sensory papillae. Vertebrae 10-12 + 19-21 = 29-33. Color: body brownish dorsally; lateral and ventral parts tan or silvery, with dark spots along midline in some species; distal third of first dorsal fin dark brown to black or, speckled ; upper or both caudal-fin lobes dark brown in many species; dark blotch at caudal fin base. commonly cast ashore during storms. None of the species is fished com- mercially, but they are often taken along with commercial species; they may also be important prey species for scombrids and other pelagic pred- ators.
Similar family occurring in the area: Percophidae — 2 dorsal fins present.
Similar family occurring in the area: Percophidae — 2 dorsal fins present.
Parapercis filamentosa, KAUM-I. 16936, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008 Remarks: five genera are known pres
Parapercis filamentosa, KAUM-I. 16936, 11.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008 Remarks: five genera are known pres
14 soft rays; anal fin with 13-19 soft rays; caudal fin subtruncate, with 10 or 11 branched rays; pectoral fin broad, “squarish”, or knife-shaped, with 13-25 rays; pelvic fin close together, situated on throat and in advance of pectoral fins, with I non-visible weak spine and 5 segmented rays. Body na- ked or covered with adherent, cycloid scales almost embedded under the skin; lateral line complete, reaching onto caudal fin margin. Color: gener- ally brownish dark with dark or pale spots or mottling on body.
14 soft rays; anal fin with 13-19 soft rays; caudal fin subtruncate, with 10 or 11 branched rays; pectoral fin broad, “squarish”, or knife-shaped, with 13-25 rays; pelvic fin close together, situated on throat and in advance of pectoral fins, with I non-visible weak spine and 5 segmented rays. Body na- ked or covered with adherent, cycloid scales almost embedded under the skin; lateral line complete, reaching onto caudal fin margin. Color: gener- ally brownish dark with dark or pale spots or mottling on body.
Uranoscopus cognatus, KAUM-I. 16887, 6.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Batrachoididae — gill open- ings small, restricted to sides of body (gill openings wide in Uranoscopi- dae); pelvic fins with I distinct spine and 5 soft rays (with I non-visible weak spine and 5 soft rays in Urano- scopidae). Champsodontidae — body smaller, more compressed; caudal fin forked.
Uranoscopus cognatus, KAUM-I. 16887, 6.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Batrachoididae — gill open- ings small, restricted to sides of body (gill openings wide in Uranoscopi- dae); pelvic fins with I distinct spine and 5 soft rays (with I non-visible weak spine and 5 soft rays in Urano- scopidae). Champsodontidae — body smaller, more compressed; caudal fin forked.
Enneapterygius tutuilae, UMTF 1283 (KAUM-I. 16551), 1.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 area: Blenniidae — body always na- ked and dorsal fin comprised of sin- gle fin. Clinidae — dorsal fin consist- ing of 1 or 2 fins and caudal-fin rays unbranched. Gobiidae — 2 dorsal fins.
Enneapterygius tutuilae, UMTF 1283 (KAUM-I. 16551), 1.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 area: Blenniidae — body always na- ked and dorsal fin comprised of sin- gle fin. Clinidae — dorsal fin consist- ing of 1 or 2 fins and caudal-fin rays unbranched. Gobiidae — 2 dorsal fins.
Helcogramma striata, UMTF 1282 (KAUM-I. 16553), 2.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Helcogramma striata, UMTF 1282 (KAUM-I. 16553), 2.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Blenniella bilitonensis, UMTF 1159 (KAUM-L. 16394), female, 4.9 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008 Small, scaleless, often elongate fishes (most species much less than 15 cm). Head usually blunt, often with cirri on eyes, nasal openings, nape, and/or cheeks; gill openings continuous across lower surface of head or restricted to small open- ing on each side of head. Upper jaw not protractile; teeth incisor-like in single row in each jaw, often very fine and loosely attached; canine teeth occasionally present; no teeth in palatines; vomerine teeth pres- ent or absent. Dorsal fin continuous or notched, usually with more seg- mented rays than spines (II-XVII flexible spines and 9-119 segmented soft rays); anal fin with II spines, often indistinguishable; segmented caudal fin rays 10-14; pelvic fins in advance of pectoral fins, pelvic fin spine not visible externally, soft rays fewer than 5, sometimes deformed or absent. Color: very variable, dull to brilliant, full spectrum; often mot- tled, with irregular vertical bands or stripes, some species almost uniform. Similar families occurring in the area: Clinidae — body with fine, embedded cycloid scales; scales with radii in all fields; many more dorsal
Blenniella bilitonensis, UMTF 1159 (KAUM-L. 16394), female, 4.9 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008 Small, scaleless, often elongate fishes (most species much less than 15 cm). Head usually blunt, often with cirri on eyes, nasal openings, nape, and/or cheeks; gill openings continuous across lower surface of head or restricted to small open- ing on each side of head. Upper jaw not protractile; teeth incisor-like in single row in each jaw, often very fine and loosely attached; canine teeth occasionally present; no teeth in palatines; vomerine teeth pres- ent or absent. Dorsal fin continuous or notched, usually with more seg- mented rays than spines (II-XVII flexible spines and 9-119 segmented soft rays); anal fin with II spines, often indistinguishable; segmented caudal fin rays 10-14; pelvic fins in advance of pectoral fins, pelvic fin spine not visible externally, soft rays fewer than 5, sometimes deformed or absent. Color: very variable, dull to brilliant, full spectrum; often mot- tled, with irregular vertical bands or stripes, some species almost uniform. Similar families occurring in the area: Clinidae — body with fine, embedded cycloid scales; scales with radii in all fields; many more dorsal
Blenniella bilitonensis, UMTF 1328 (KAUM-I. 16690), male, 4.5 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Blenniella bilitonensis, UMTF 1328 (KAUM-I. 16690), male, 4.5 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Remarks: mostly bottom dwell- ing species in sea and estuaries, usu- ally at depths much less than 20 m, mostly among rocky, oyster, or coral reefs, often in tide pools. Feeding on a mixed diet of algae and benthic inver- tebrates; some are planktivores, and some are specialized to feed on skin or fins of larger fishes, with mimic as cleaner. fin spines than segmented rays; jaw teeth in more than | row. Tripterygi- dae — body with ctenoid scales; dor- sal fin clearly divided into 3 parts; many more dorsal fin spines than rays; jaw teeth in more than | row. Gobiidae and Eleotridae — body usu- ally scaly; pelvic fins usually with I spine and 5 soft rays; dorsal fin in 2 well-separated sections, the spinous portion with less than VIII spines, the segmented ray portion with I spine at beginning.
Remarks: mostly bottom dwell- ing species in sea and estuaries, usu- ally at depths much less than 20 m, mostly among rocky, oyster, or coral reefs, often in tide pools. Feeding on a mixed diet of algae and benthic inver- tebrates; some are planktivores, and some are specialized to feed on skin or fins of larger fishes, with mimic as cleaner. fin spines than segmented rays; jaw teeth in more than | row. Tripterygi- dae — body with ctenoid scales; dor- sal fin clearly divided into 3 parts; many more dorsal fin spines than rays; jaw teeth in more than | row. Gobiidae and Eleotridae — body usu- ally scaly; pelvic fins usually with I spine and 5 soft rays; dorsal fin in 2 well-separated sections, the spinous portion with less than VIII spines, the segmented ray portion with I spine at beginning.
Entomacrodus striatus, KAUM-I. 16382, 7.8 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008 D XU-XIII, 13-15; A IL, 15-17; P; 12-14; P, I, 3. Body elongate and compressed. No cirri on eye, nape and cheek; nasal cirri simple. Fleshy crest absent on top of head. Gill opening wide, continuous across ventral sur- face of head. Dorsal fin continuous, with a distinct notch between spinous and segmented-ray portions. Caudal fin usually with 13 segmented rays, all of them unbranched. Color: ground color of head and body pale yellowish gray; 1-3 longitudinal series of black spots and/or dashes behind eye; arc- like black line from lower jaw to ven- tral part of operculum; pectoral-fin base with a forked black line; usually many faint pale spots on posterior part of body. Size: 5 cm. Distribution: In- do-West Pacific. Remarks: inhabits coral reefs. (K. Shibukawa) Entomacrodus lighti, KAUM-L. 16373, 5.6 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008
Entomacrodus striatus, KAUM-I. 16382, 7.8 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008 D XU-XIII, 13-15; A IL, 15-17; P; 12-14; P, I, 3. Body elongate and compressed. No cirri on eye, nape and cheek; nasal cirri simple. Fleshy crest absent on top of head. Gill opening wide, continuous across ventral sur- face of head. Dorsal fin continuous, with a distinct notch between spinous and segmented-ray portions. Caudal fin usually with 13 segmented rays, all of them unbranched. Color: ground color of head and body pale yellowish gray; 1-3 longitudinal series of black spots and/or dashes behind eye; arc- like black line from lower jaw to ven- tral part of operculum; pectoral-fin base with a forked black line; usually many faint pale spots on posterior part of body. Size: 5 cm. Distribution: In- do-West Pacific. Remarks: inhabits coral reefs. (K. Shibukawa) Entomacrodus lighti, KAUM-L. 16373, 5.6 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008
Entomacrodus striatus, KAUM-I. 16370, 5.6 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008
Entomacrodus striatus, KAUM-I. 16370, 5.6 cm SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008
Ecsenius yaeyamaensis, UMTF 1330 (KAUM-I. 16598), 3.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Ecsenius yaeyamaensis, UMTF 1330 (KAUM-I. 16598), 3.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Istiblennius dussumieri, UMTF 1098 (KAUM-I. 16336), male, 3.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008 Rippled Rockskipper D XII-XIV, 18-23; A I, 20-24; P; 13-14. Body elongate. Nape with a moderately long cirrus on each side. Supraorbital tentacle usually a long simple filament. Single blade-like oc- cipital crest present in adult males. asal with 3 cirri. Canine teeth absent on dentary. Several caudal-fin rays branched. Lateral line without vertical pairs of pores, ending below last dor- sal spine and 15th soft ray. Color: body pale grayish with dark gray dou- ble bars extending basally into dorsal fin; irregular orangish lines in pale in- terspaces on posterior half of body; a pale-edged gray bar from eye across upper lip; an oblique, pale-edged gray band behind eye; posterior body and dorsal and anal fins with orangish brown spots in females. Size: attain- ing to 17 cm. Distribution: wide- spread in Indo-Pacific, but no records from Hawaiian Islands. Remarks: typically found along the edge of rocky shores where wave action is not severe. (H. Imamura)
Istiblennius dussumieri, UMTF 1098 (KAUM-I. 16336), male, 3.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008 Rippled Rockskipper D XII-XIV, 18-23; A I, 20-24; P; 13-14. Body elongate. Nape with a moderately long cirrus on each side. Supraorbital tentacle usually a long simple filament. Single blade-like oc- cipital crest present in adult males. asal with 3 cirri. Canine teeth absent on dentary. Several caudal-fin rays branched. Lateral line without vertical pairs of pores, ending below last dor- sal spine and 15th soft ray. Color: body pale grayish with dark gray dou- ble bars extending basally into dorsal fin; irregular orangish lines in pale in- terspaces on posterior half of body; a pale-edged gray bar from eye across upper lip; an oblique, pale-edged gray band behind eye; posterior body and dorsal and anal fins with orangish brown spots in females. Size: attain- ing to 17 cm. Distribution: wide- spread in Indo-Pacific, but no records from Hawaiian Islands. Remarks: typically found along the edge of rocky shores where wave action is not severe. (H. Imamura)
Istiblennius edentulus, KAUM-I. 16408, male, 8.9 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius edentulus, KAUM-I. 16408, male, 8.9 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius edentulus, UMTF 1287 (KAUM-I. 16406), female, 10.1 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius edentulus, UMTF 1287 (KAUM-I. 16406), female, 10.1 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius dussumieri, UMTF 1099 (KAUM-I. 16329), female, 7.3 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius dussumieri, UMTF 1099 (KAUM-I. 16329), female, 7.3 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Omobranchus elongatus, UMTF 1317 (KAUM-I. 16536), male, 4.0 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 Omobranchus elongatus, UMTF 1416 (KAUM-L. 16543), female, 3.5 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Omobranchus elongatus, UMTF 1317 (KAUM-I. 16536), male, 4.0 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 Omobranchus elongatus, UMTF 1416 (KAUM-L. 16543), female, 3.5 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Laiphognathus multimaculatus, UMTF 1404 (KAUM-I. 16627), 2.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Laiphognathus multimaculatus, UMTF 1404 (KAUM-I. 16627), 2.5 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Istiblennius lineatus, UMTF 1093 (KAUM-I. 16407), male, 7.9 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius lineatus, UMTF 1093 (KAUM-I. 16407), male, 7.9 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius lineatus, KAUM-I. 16343, female, 8.5 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Istiblennius lineatus, KAUM-I. 16343, female, 8.5 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Omobranchus punctatus, UMTF 1147 (KAUM-I. 16337), 4.1 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Omobranchus punctatus, UMTF 1147 (KAUM-I. 16337), 4.1 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Omobranchus ferox, UMTF 1430 (KAUM-L. 16808), 3.9 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Omobranchus ferox, UMTF 1430 (KAUM-L. 16808), 3.9 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Omobranchus punctatus, KAUM-I. 16327, 6.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Omobranchus punctatus, KAUM-I. 16327, 6.4 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008
Parablennius thysanius, UMTF 1410 (KAUM-I. 16398), 3.2 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Parablennius thysanius, UMTF 1410 (KAUM-I. 16398), 3.2 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Salarias fasciatus, UMTF 1208 (KAUM-I. 16642), 10.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Salarias fasciatus, UMTF 1208 (KAUM-I. 16642), 10.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Calliurichthys japonicus, KAUM-I. 17200, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Calliurichthys japonicus, KAUM-I. 17199, 18.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Calliurichthys japonicus, KAUM-I. 17200, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Calliurichthys japonicus, KAUM-I. 17199, 18.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
area: Eleotridae — usually no pre- opercular spine; gill opening wide; scales on body. Gobiidae — usually no preopercular spine; pelvic fins fused medially one another in many species; gill opening wide. Platyce- phalidae — mouth large, lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw; short spines, serrae and/or bony tubercles on the head; gill opening wide; scales on body. spotted with paler colored spots; some have entirely reddish body (especially in deep-water species) or several vivid color with complex patterns on head, body and fins.
area: Eleotridae — usually no pre- opercular spine; gill opening wide; scales on body. Gobiidae — usually no preopercular spine; pelvic fins fused medially one another in many species; gill opening wide. Platyce- phalidae — mouth large, lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw; short spines, serrae and/or bony tubercles on the head; gill opening wide; scales on body. spotted with paler colored spots; some have entirely reddish body (especially in deep-water species) or several vivid color with complex patterns on head, body and fins.
Dactylopus dactylopus, KAUM-I. 17192, 10.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Dactylopus dactylopus, KAUM-I. 17192, 10.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Repomucenus belcheri recurvispinnis, KAUM-I. 16894, 7.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Repomucenus belcheri recurvispinnis, KAUM-I. 16894, 7.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Repomucenus planus, KAUM-I. 17270, 7.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009 Repomucenus planus, KAUM-I. 17113, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Repomucenus planus, KAUM-I. 17270, 7.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009 Repomucenus planus, KAUM-I. 17113, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
fresh and brackish waters, whereas some found in coral reefs. Carnivo- rous. Large species often esteemed as food fish; some freshwater colorful species often treated as aquarium fish. or dorsolateral pore. Gobiidae — pel- vic fins fused medially one another in many species; five branchiostegal rays. Platycephalidae — many short spines or bony tubercles on head; no spines on second dorsal and anal fins. Ptereleotridae — bottom-oriented, free swimming fishes, with elongate (but not eel-like) and compressed head and body; five branchiostegal rays. Tripterygiidae — three dorsal fins.
fresh and brackish waters, whereas some found in coral reefs. Carnivo- rous. Large species often esteemed as food fish; some freshwater colorful species often treated as aquarium fish. or dorsolateral pore. Gobiidae — pel- vic fins fused medially one another in many species; five branchiostegal rays. Platycephalidae — many short spines or bony tubercles on head; no spines on second dorsal and anal fins. Ptereleotridae — bottom-oriented, free swimming fishes, with elongate (but not eel-like) and compressed head and body; five branchiostegal rays. Tripterygiidae — three dorsal fins.
Butis butis, UMTF 1104 (KAUM-I. 16492), 5.3 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Butis butis, UMTF 1104 (KAUM-I. 16492), 5.3 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Butis koilomatodon, UMTF 1433 (KAUM-I. 16756), 2.7 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Butis koilomatodon, UMTF 1433 (KAUM-I. 16756), 2.7 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Ophiocara porocephala, UMTF 1032 (KAUM-I. 16546), 5.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Ophiocara porocephala, UMTF 1032 (KAUM-I. 16546), 5.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Oxyeleotris marmorata, UMTF 1311 (KAUM-L. 16482), 16.4 cm SL (preserved specimen) estuary near UMT, 29 Sept. 2008
Oxyeleotris marmorata, UMTF 1311 (KAUM-L. 16482), 16.4 cm SL (preserved specimen) estuary near UMT, 29 Sept. 2008
Oxyeleotris urophthalmus, KAUM-I. 17312, 11.5 cm SL Terengganu River, 20 Jan. 2009
Oxyeleotris urophthalmus, KAUM-I. 17312, 11.5 cm SL Terengganu River, 20 Jan. 2009
Ophiocara porocephala, UMTF 1015 (KAUM-I. 16547), 11.4 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Ophiocara porocephala, UMTF 1015 (KAUM-I. 16547), 11.4 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Acentrogobius caninus, KAUM-I. 17111, 9.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 a Similar families occurring in the area: Blenntidae — single dorsal fin (may be deep notch developed between spinous and soft portions); teeth incisor-like, forming single row in each jaw; pelvic fins separated.
Acentrogobius caninus, KAUM-I. 17111, 9.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 a Similar families occurring in the area: Blenntidae — single dorsal fin (may be deep notch developed between spinous and soft portions); teeth incisor-like, forming single row in each jaw; pelvic fins separated.
Callionymidae — preopercle with a strong spine; no scales on body; gill opening restricted to a small dor- sal or dorsolateral pore; pelvic fins separated. Eleotridae — pelvic fins separated; six branchiostegal rays. Platycephalidae — many short spines or bony tubercles on head; pelvic fins separated. Ptereleotridae — bottom- oriented, freeswimming fishes, with elongate (but not eel-like) and com- pressed body and separated pelvic- fins; mouth almost vertical in many species. Tripterygiidae — three dorsal fins; pelvic fins separated. minute to moderately large in size. Color: highly variable.
Callionymidae — preopercle with a strong spine; no scales on body; gill opening restricted to a small dor- sal or dorsolateral pore; pelvic fins separated. Eleotridae — pelvic fins separated; six branchiostegal rays. Platycephalidae — many short spines or bony tubercles on head; pelvic fins separated. Ptereleotridae — bottom- oriented, freeswimming fishes, with elongate (but not eel-like) and com- pressed body and separated pelvic- fins; mouth almost vertical in many species. Tripterygiidae — three dorsal fins; pelvic fins separated. minute to moderately large in size. Color: highly variable.
Amblygobius phalaena, UMTF 1249 (KAUM-I. 16562), 5.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Amblygobius phalaena, UMTF 1249 (KAUM-I. 16562), 5.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Acentrogobius viridipunctatus, KAUM-I. 16802, 6.0 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Acentrogobius viridipunctatus, KAUM-I. 16802, 6.0 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Amblygobius stethophthalmus, UMTF 1073 (KAUM-L. 16502), 5.9 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Amblygobius stethophthalmus, UMTF 1073 (KAUM-L. 16502), 5.9 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Bathygobius cyclopterus, UMTF 1181 (KAUM-I. 16290), 3.7 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008 Bathygobius cocosensis, UMTF 1253 (KAUM-I. 16660), 3.6 cm SL Kemaman, 20 Oct. 2008
Bathygobius cyclopterus, UMTF 1181 (KAUM-I. 16290), 3.7 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008 Bathygobius cocosensis, UMTF 1253 (KAUM-I. 16660), 3.6 cm SL Kemaman, 20 Oct. 2008
Asterropteryx semipunctata, UMTF 1372 (KAUM-I. 16386), 2.5 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Asterropteryx semipunctata, UMTF 1372 (KAUM-I. 16386), 2.5 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Drombus triangularis, KAUM-I. 16758, 2.4 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008 Cryptocentrus maudae, UMTF 1274 (KAUM-I. 16540), 2.6 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Drombus triangularis, KAUM-I. 16758, 2.4 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008 Cryptocentrus maudae, UMTF 1274 (KAUM-I. 16540), 2.6 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Bathygobius fuscus, UMTF 1199 (KAUM-I. 16288), 5.3 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Bathygobius fuscus, UMTF 1199 (KAUM-I. 16288), 5.3 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Drombus triangularis, KAUM-I. 16760, 2.0 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Drombus triangularis, KAUM-I. 16760, 2.0 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Eugnathogobius variegatus, UMTF 1507 (KAUM-I. 16712), 3.6 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Eugnathogobius variegatus, UMTF 1507 (KAUM-I. 16712), 3.6 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Eviota pellucida, UMTF 1263 (KAUM-I. 16636), 1.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Eviota pellucida, UMTF 1263 (KAUM-I. 16636), 1.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Eviota storthynx, UMTF 1442 (KAUM-I. 16635), 1.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Eviota storthynx, UMTF 1442 (KAUM-I. 16635), 1.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Favonigobius reichei, UMTF 1508 (KAUM-I. 16716), 4.4 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
Favonigobius reichei, UMTF 1508 (KAUM-I. 16716), 4.4 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
Exyrias puntang, KAUM-I. 16795, 10.2 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Exyrias puntang, KAUM-I. 16795, 10.2 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Favonigobius reichei, KAUM-I. 16781, 3.5 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 DVI+I, 10-11; AI, 8-10; P,; 15-18; LR 29-33; PDS 10-12. Body moder- ately elongate and compressed. Head subcylindrical. Lower jaw not project- ing anteriorly beyond upper jaw. Gill opening not reaching anteriorly to a vertical through posterior margin of preopercle. Spines of first dorsal fin typically elongate and filamentous. Pelvic fins united medially; frenum present. Scales on body cycloid anteri- orly, ctenoid posteriorly; cheek and operculum scaled. Sensory canals and pores present on head; longitudina pattern of sensory-papillae rows on cheek. Color: ground color of head and body dull yellow or light yellow- ish brown, paler and tinged with yel- low ventrally; several vague vertica dusky bars on body; dorsal fins with numerous dusky spots. Size: 12 cm SL. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: found in mangrove swamps, brackish estuaries and adja- cent shallow coastal waters with san- dy-mud bottoms. (K. Shibukawa) and body pale gray with numerous black dots. Size: 7 cm SL. Distribu- tion: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: found in mangroves, brackish estuar- ies and adjacent shallow coastal wa- ters with sandy-mud bottoms.
Favonigobius reichei, KAUM-I. 16781, 3.5 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 DVI+I, 10-11; AI, 8-10; P,; 15-18; LR 29-33; PDS 10-12. Body moder- ately elongate and compressed. Head subcylindrical. Lower jaw not project- ing anteriorly beyond upper jaw. Gill opening not reaching anteriorly to a vertical through posterior margin of preopercle. Spines of first dorsal fin typically elongate and filamentous. Pelvic fins united medially; frenum present. Scales on body cycloid anteri- orly, ctenoid posteriorly; cheek and operculum scaled. Sensory canals and pores present on head; longitudina pattern of sensory-papillae rows on cheek. Color: ground color of head and body dull yellow or light yellow- ish brown, paler and tinged with yel- low ventrally; several vague vertica dusky bars on body; dorsal fins with numerous dusky spots. Size: 12 cm SL. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: found in mangrove swamps, brackish estuaries and adja- cent shallow coastal waters with san- dy-mud bottoms. (K. Shibukawa) and body pale gray with numerous black dots. Size: 7 cm SL. Distribu- tion: Indo-West Pacific. Remarks: found in mangroves, brackish estuar- ies and adjacent shallow coastal wa- ters with sandy-mud bottoms.
Fusigobius inframaculatus, UMTF 1329 (KAUM-. 16626), 3.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Glossogobius aureus, KAUM-I. 17208, 12.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Fusigobius inframaculatus, UMTF 1329 (KAUM-. 16626), 3.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Glossogobius aureus, KAUM-I. 17208, 12.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Glossogobius bicirrhosus, UMTF 1259 (KAUM-I. 16780), 3.2 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Glossogobius bicirrhosus, KAUM-I. 16779, 4.4 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Glossogobius bicirrhosus, UMTF 1259 (KAUM-I. 16780), 3.2 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Glossogobius bicirrhosus, KAUM-I. 16779, 4.4 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Hemigobius hoevenii, KAUM-I. 16738, 4.1 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008 Gobiodon quinquestrigatus, UMTF 1258 (KAUM-I. 16615), 2.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Hemigobius hoevenii, KAUM-I. 16738, 4.1 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008 Gobiodon quinquestrigatus, UMTF 1258 (KAUM-I. 16615), 2.6 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Hemigobius hoevenii, UMTF 1278 (KAUM-I. 16715), 3.4 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Hemigobius hoevenii, UMTF 1278 (KAUM-I. 16715), 3.4 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Glossogobius circumspectus, UMTF 1371 (KAUM-I. 16807), 5.5 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Glossogobius circumspectus, UMTF 1371 (KAUM-I. 16807), 5.5 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Istigobius diadema, KAUM-I. 16805, 4.9 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Istigobius diadema, UMTF 1111 (KAUM-L 16287), 3.3 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Istigobius diadema, KAUM-I. 16805, 4.9 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008 Istigobius diadema, UMTF 1111 (KAUM-L 16287), 3.3 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Istigobius decoratus, UMTF 1252 (KAUM-I. 16563), 4.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Hemigobius mingi, UMTF 1504 (KAUM-I. 16709), 3.7 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Istigobius decoratus, UMTF 1252 (KAUM-I. 16563), 4.7 cm SL Bidong Island, 14 Oct. 2008 Hemigobius mingi, UMTF 1504 (KAUM-I. 16709), 3.7 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Istigobius ornatus, UMTF 1058 (KAUM-I. 16291), 4.0 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008 [stigobius ornatus, UMTF 1190 (KAUM-I. 16676), 7.4 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Istigobius ornatus, UMTF 1058 (KAUM-I. 16291), 4.0 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008 [stigobius ornatus, UMTF 1190 (KAUM-I. 16676), 7.4 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Istigobius goldmanni, UMTF 1479 (KAUM-I. 16541), 2.5 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Istigobius goldmanni, UMTF 1479 (KAUM-I. 16541), 2.5 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008
Istigobius nigroocellatus, UMTF 1388 (KAUM-I. 16561), 2.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Istigobius nigroocellatus, UMTF 1388 (KAUM-I. 16561), 2.3 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008
Mugilogobius chulae, KAUM-I. 16713, 2.7 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008 Macrodontogobius wilburi, UMTF 1331 (KAUM-I. 16618), 3.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Mugilogobius chulae, KAUM-I. 16713, 2.7 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008 Macrodontogobius wilburi, UMTF 1331 (KAUM-I. 16618), 3.4 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
“Lophogobius” bleekeri, UMTF 1460 (KAUM-L. 16806), 2.2 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
“Lophogobius” bleekeri, UMTF 1460 (KAUM-L. 16806), 2.2 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Periophthalmus argentilineatus, UMTF 1039 (KAUM-I. 16550), 3.4 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Periophthalmus argentilineatus, UMTF 1039 (KAUM-I. 16550), 3.4 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008
Periophthalmus argentilineatus, UMTF 1133 (KAUM-I. 16493), 5.0 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008 Paratrypauchen microcephalus, KAUM-I. 17081, 8.9 cm SL off Terengganu, 27 Dec. 2008
Periophthalmus argentilineatus, UMTF 1133 (KAUM-I. 16493), 5.0 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008 Paratrypauchen microcephalus, KAUM-I. 17081, 8.9 cm SL off Terengganu, 27 Dec. 2008
Mugilogobius tigrinus, UMTF 1261 (KAUM-L. 16740), 2.1 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008
Mugilogobius tigrinus, UMTF 1261 (KAUM-L. 16740), 2.1 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008
Pleurosicya labiata, UMTF 1483 (KAUM-I. 16552), 1.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Periophthalmus novemradiatus, UMTF 1505 (KAUM-I. 16741), 5.4 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Pleurosicya labiata, UMTF 1483 (KAUM-I. 16552), 1.9 cm SL Bidong Island, 13 Oct. 2008 Periophthalmus novemradiatus, UMTF 1505 (KAUM-I. 16741), 5.4 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Priolepis semidoliata, UMTF 1390 (KAUM-I. 16388), 2.4 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Priolepis semidoliata, UMTF 1390 (KAUM-I. 16388), 2.4 cm SL Dungun, 24 Sept. 2008
Psammogobius biocellatus, UMTF 1381 (KAUM-I. 16752), 3.6 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Psammogobius biocellatus, UMTF 1381 (KAUM-I. 16752), 3.6 cm SL Setiu, 30 Oct. 2008
Pseudogobius javanicus, UMTF 1467 (KAUM-I. 16494), male, 2.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008 Pseudogobius javanicus, KAUM-I. 16294, female, 2.8 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Pseudogobius javanicus, UMTF 1467 (KAUM-I. 16494), male, 2.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008 Pseudogobius javanicus, KAUM-I. 16294, female, 2.8 cm SL Cendering, 14 Sept. 2008
Redigobius balteatus, KAUM-I. 16803, 3.0 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Redigobius balteatus, KAUM-I. 16803, 3.0 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Redigobius balteatus, UMTF 1271 (KAUM-I. 16774), 2.4 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Redigobius balteatus, UMTF 1271 (KAUM-I. 16774), 2.4 cm SL Merang, 2 Nov. 2008
Pseudogobius melanostictus, UMTF 1426 (KAUM-L. 16486), male, 2.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008 Pseudogobius melanostictus, KAUM-I. 16817, female, 3.3 cm SL estuary near UMT, 3 Dec. 2008
Pseudogobius melanostictus, UMTF 1426 (KAUM-L. 16486), male, 2.6 cm SL estuary near UMT, 30 Sept. 2008 Pseudogobius melanostictus, KAUM-I. 16817, female, 3.3 cm SL estuary near UMT, 3 Dec. 2008
Stigmatogobius pleurostigma, UMTF 1237 (KAUM-I. 16739), 3.5 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008
Stigmatogobius pleurostigma, UMTF 1237 (KAUM-I. 16739), 3.5 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008
Valenciennea muralis, KAUM-I. 16500, 9.1 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 Trypauchen vagina, KAUM-I. 17302, 13.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 on belly and breast, if present, cycloid; head and pectoral-fin base naked. Sen- sory canals and pores present on head; ongitudinal pattern of sensory-papil- ae rows on cheek. Color: head and body pale gray or pale beige, with 4-5 ongitudinal narrow pink or dusky stripes; lips yellowish; black spot at distal part of first dorsal fin just be- hind third spine. Size: 10 cm SL. Dis- tribution: Indo-West Pacific. Re- marks: found on shallow coastal waters with flat sandy bottoms and rubbles. (K. Shibukawa) Mural Goby D VI+I, 11-13; AI, 11-13; P; 18- 21; LR 73-94; PDS 0. Body moder- ately elongate, compressed. Head sub- cylindrical. Lower jaw not projecting anteriorly beyond upper jaw. Gill opening relatively narrow, restricted to pectoral-fin base. Third spine of first dorsal fin slightly elongate, form- ing pointed fin. Pelvic fins separated; frenum absent. Caudal fin rounded. Scales small ctenoid, excepting those
Valenciennea muralis, KAUM-I. 16500, 9.1 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 Trypauchen vagina, KAUM-I. 17302, 13.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 on belly and breast, if present, cycloid; head and pectoral-fin base naked. Sen- sory canals and pores present on head; ongitudinal pattern of sensory-papil- ae rows on cheek. Color: head and body pale gray or pale beige, with 4-5 ongitudinal narrow pink or dusky stripes; lips yellowish; black spot at distal part of first dorsal fin just be- hind third spine. Size: 10 cm SL. Dis- tribution: Indo-West Pacific. Re- marks: found on shallow coastal waters with flat sandy bottoms and rubbles. (K. Shibukawa) Mural Goby D VI+I, 11-13; AI, 11-13; P; 18- 21; LR 73-94; PDS 0. Body moder- ately elongate, compressed. Head sub- cylindrical. Lower jaw not projecting anteriorly beyond upper jaw. Gill opening relatively narrow, restricted to pectoral-fin base. Third spine of first dorsal fin slightly elongate, form- ing pointed fin. Pelvic fins separated; frenum absent. Caudal fin rounded. Scales small ctenoid, excepting those
Yongeichthys nebulosus, UMTF 1038 (KAUM-I. 16766), 5.9 cm SL Setiu, 31 Oct. 2008 Valenciennea wardii, KAUM-I. 17191, 8.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Size: 10 cm SL. Distribution: Indo- West Pacific. Remarks: found on sandy-mud or soft mud bottom in bays. (K. Shibukawa)
Yongeichthys nebulosus, UMTF 1038 (KAUM-I. 16766), 5.9 cm SL Setiu, 31 Oct. 2008 Valenciennea wardii, KAUM-I. 17191, 8.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009 Size: 10 cm SL. Distribution: Indo- West Pacific. Remarks: found on sandy-mud or soft mud bottom in bays. (K. Shibukawa)
Valenciennea sexguttata, UMTF 1304 (KAUM-I. 16616), 4.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Valenciennea sexguttata, UMTF 1304 (KAUM-I. 16616), 4.8 cm SL Bidong Island, 12 Oct. 2008
Parioglossus formosus, UMTF 1266 (KAUM-I. 16340), 2.0 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008 forming single row in each jaw. Ele- otridae — six branchiostegal rays; head subcylindrical or rather depressed in many species; scales imbricate in most species. Gobiidae — pelvic fins usually united medially; scales, if present, imbricate in most species. Similar families occurring in the
Parioglossus formosus, UMTF 1266 (KAUM-I. 16340), 2.0 cm SL Cendering, 16 Sept. 2008 forming single row in each jaw. Ele- otridae — six branchiostegal rays; head subcylindrical or rather depressed in many species; scales imbricate in most species. Gobiidae — pelvic fins usually united medially; scales, if present, imbricate in most species. Similar families occurring in the
Similar families occurring in the area: Drepaenidae — upper jaw great- ly protrusible; pectoral fins elongate reaching posterior part of anal fin base. Chaetodontidae — dorsal fin with VI- Ephippus orbis, KAUM-I. 16900, 11.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 XVII spines and 14—34 soft rays; anal fin with III—V spines and 15-24 soft rays. Monodactylidae — pelvic fins rudimentary or absent. Scatophagidae — dorsal fin notched or divided to base before soft rayed part, with XI or XII spines and 15-18 soft rays; anal fin with IV spines and 13-17 soft rays.
Similar families occurring in the area: Drepaenidae — upper jaw great- ly protrusible; pectoral fins elongate reaching posterior part of anal fin base. Chaetodontidae — dorsal fin with VI- Ephippus orbis, KAUM-I. 16900, 11.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 XVII spines and 14—34 soft rays; anal fin with III—V spines and 15-24 soft rays. Monodactylidae — pelvic fins rudimentary or absent. Scatophagidae — dorsal fin notched or divided to base before soft rayed part, with XI or XII spines and 15-18 soft rays; anal fin with IV spines and 13-17 soft rays.
tuaries, harbors, and coral reefs. Mar- keted fresh but with small commercial importance.
tuaries, harbors, and coral reefs. Mar- keted fresh but with small commercial importance.
Platax orbicularis, KAUM-I. 17059, 20.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
Platax orbicularis, KAUM-I. 17059, 20.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 24 Dec. 2008
jaws protrusible; pectoral fins elon- gate, reaching beyond anal fin origin. Pomacanthidae — preopercle with a strong, backwardly pointed spine; no deep notch between spinous and soft parts of dorsal fin.
jaws protrusible; pectoral fins elon- gate, reaching beyond anal fin origin. Pomacanthidae — preopercle with a strong, backwardly pointed spine; no deep notch between spinous and soft parts of dorsal fin.
area: Acanthuridae and Chaetodon- tidae — I spine and 5 soft rays in pel- vic fins. marily herbivorous. Caught by bottom trawlers, traps, set nets and by spear. Marketed fresh. Git... slaw Lawmeslinac nnnaumrwewmsr tm theo
area: Acanthuridae and Chaetodon- tidae — I spine and 5 soft rays in pel- vic fins. marily herbivorous. Caught by bottom trawlers, traps, set nets and by spear. Marketed fresh. Git... slaw Lawmeslinac nnnaumrwewmsr tm theo
Siganus fuscescens, UMTF 1104 (KAUM-I. 16375), 9.3 em SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008
Siganus fuscescens, UMTF 1104 (KAUM-I. 16375), 9.3 em SL Dungun, 23 Sept. 2008
Siganus fuscescens, KAUM-I. 16844, 18.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Siganus fuscescens, KAUM-I. 16844, 18.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Siganus javus, UMTF 1005 (KAUM-I. 16674), 9.5 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Siganus javus, UMTF 1005 (KAUM-I. 16674), 9.5 cm SL Kemaman, 21 Oct. 2008
Siganus guttatus, KAUM-I. 17027, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Siganus guttatus, KAUM-I. 17027, 16.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Siganus punctatus, KAUM-I. 17083, 23.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 caudal fin; a large deep brown blotch below origin of lateral line. Size: maxi- mum size 45 cm. Distribution: eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Re- marks: inhabits shallow coastal waters at depths of 3-50 m. — (M. Matsunuma) slightly shorter than longest dorsal-fin spine. Caudal fin emarginate in young; deeply forked with rounded tips in large adults. Scales minute. Color: head and body brown; numerous gold- en spots scattered on head, body, and
Siganus punctatus, KAUM-I. 17083, 23.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 caudal fin; a large deep brown blotch below origin of lateral line. Size: maxi- mum size 45 cm. Distribution: eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Re- marks: inhabits shallow coastal waters at depths of 3-50 m. — (M. Matsunuma) slightly shorter than longest dorsal-fin spine. Caudal fin emarginate in young; deeply forked with rounded tips in large adults. Scales minute. Color: head and body brown; numerous gold- en spots scattered on head, body, and
Siganus virgatus, KAUM-I. 17026, 13.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Siganus virgatus, KAUM-I. 17026, 13.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Acanthurus mata, KAUM-I. 17155, 17.7 cm SL Redang Island, 4 Jan. 2009
Acanthurus mata, KAUM-I. 17155, 17.7 cm SL Redang Island, 4 Jan. 2009
Similar family occurring in the area: Siganidae — pelvic fin with 2 spines and 3 soft rays between them; dorsal fin with 13 spines; anal fin with
Similar family occurring in the area: Siganidae — pelvic fin with 2 spines and 3 soft rays between them; dorsal fin with 13 spines; anal fin with
Sphyraena putnamae, UMTF 1352 (KAUM-I. 16466), 21.4 cm SL estuary near UMT, 29 Sept. 2008
Sphyraena putnamae, UMTF 1352 (KAUM-I. 16466), 21.4 cm SL estuary near UMT, 29 Sept. 2008
Sphyraena forsteri, KAUM-L. 17079, 26.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Sphyraena forsteri, KAUM-L. 17079, 26.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008
Auxis rochei rochei, KAUM-I. 17227, 24.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
Auxis rochei rochei, KAUM-I. 17227, 24.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
Auxis rochei rochei, UMTF 1899, 23.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Auxis rochei rochei, UMTF 1899, 23.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
IN-—VIII; II detached anal-fin spines; scutes developed along posterior part of lateral line in most species. Gem- pylidae — body dark brown to brown dorsally without distinct marks or blotches; no keels on caudal pedun- cle except Lepidocybium. dark green dorsally, silvery white ven- trally. Usually dark vertical or longitu- dinal bands and/or spots on sides.
IN-—VIII; II detached anal-fin spines; scutes developed along posterior part of lateral line in most species. Gem- pylidae — body dark brown to brown dorsally without distinct marks or blotches; no keels on caudal pedun- cle except Lepidocybium. dark green dorsally, silvery white ven- trally. Usually dark vertical or longitu- dinal bands and/or spots on sides.
Euthynnus affinis, UMTF 1886, 29.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 25 Dec. 2008
Euthynnus affinis, UMTF 1886, 29.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 25 Dec. 2008
Euthynnus affinis, KAUM-I. 17068, 28.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
Euthynnus affinis, KAUM-I. 17068, 28.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
Rastrelliger kanagurta, KAUM-I. 17002, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Rastrelliger kanagurta, KAUM-I. 17002, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Rastrelliger kanagurta, UMTF 1885, 15.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 25 Dec. 2008
Rastrelliger kanagurta, UMTF 1885, 15.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 25 Dec. 2008
Thunnus obesus, KAUM-I. 17228, 26.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009 Thunnus obesus, UMTF 1901, 26.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
Thunnus obesus, KAUM-I. 17228, 26.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009 Thunnus obesus, UMTF 1901, 26.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Jan. 2009
Scomberomorus commerson, UMTF 1893, 14.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Scomberomorus commerson, UMTF 1893, 14.4 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Jan. 2009
Scomberomorus commerson, KAUM-I. 16943, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Scomberomorus commerson, KAUM-I. 16943, 15.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
part of lateral line; gill membrane not united to isthmus. Centrophidae — pelvic fins present; 7 branchioste- gals. Nomeidae — 2 dorsal fins; pel- vic fins present. Pampus argenteus, KAUM-I. 17066, 15.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
part of lateral line; gill membrane not united to isthmus. Centrophidae — pelvic fins present; 7 branchioste- gals. Nomeidae — 2 dorsal fins; pel- vic fins present. Pampus argenteus, KAUM-I. 17066, 15.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 26 Dec. 2008
Pampus chinensis, KAUM-I. 17115, 7.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Pampus chinensis, KAUM-I. 17115, 7.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Pampus chinensis, KAUM-I. 17298, 10.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Pampus chinensis, KAUM-I. 17298, 10.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009
Psettodes erumei, KAUM-I. 16836, 10.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 out spine; lateral line highly arched above pectoral fin. Bothidae — pelvic fin without spine; origin of pelvic fin on eyed side anterior to that on blind side; lateral line highly arched above pectoral fin. Samaridae — pelvic fin on blind side absent. Soleidae — pel- vic fin without spine; origin of pelvic fin on eyed side anterior to that on blind side. Cynoglossidae — caudal fin continuous with dorsal and anal fins. Similar family occurring in the area: Psettodidae differs from all other flatfish families in having dor- sal fin origin well posterior to upper eye, and anterior rays of dorsal and anal fin spinous. Citharidae — lateral line highly arched above pectoral fin. Paralichthyidae — pelvic fin with-
Psettodes erumei, KAUM-I. 16836, 10.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 out spine; lateral line highly arched above pectoral fin. Bothidae — pelvic fin without spine; origin of pelvic fin on eyed side anterior to that on blind side; lateral line highly arched above pectoral fin. Samaridae — pelvic fin on blind side absent. Soleidae — pel- vic fin without spine; origin of pelvic fin on eyed side anterior to that on blind side. Cynoglossidae — caudal fin continuous with dorsal and anal fins. Similar family occurring in the area: Psettodidae differs from all other flatfish families in having dor- sal fin origin well posterior to upper eye, and anterior rays of dorsal and anal fin spinous. Citharidae — lateral line highly arched above pectoral fin. Paralichthyidae — pelvic fin with-
belcheri Bennett, 1831 and P. bennet- tii Steindachner, 1870) from western Africa. Occurring in coastal waters. Food fish.
belcheri Bennett, 1831 and P. bennet- tii Steindachner, 1870) from western Africa. Occurring in coastal waters. Food fish.
Africa and Red Sea to northern Aus- tralia, north to Taiwan. Remarks: found on sandy and muddy bottoms. Marketed fresh. darker; blind side pale brown. Size: maximum total length about 60 cm, most commonly 20-40 cm. Distribu- tion: Indo-West Pacific, from South
Africa and Red Sea to northern Aus- tralia, north to Taiwan. Remarks: found on sandy and muddy bottoms. Marketed fresh. darker; blind side pale brown. Size: maximum total length about 60 cm, most commonly 20-40 cm. Distribu- tion: Indo-West Pacific, from South
Brachypleura novaezeelandiae, KAUM-I. 16828, male, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Brachypleura novaezeelandiae, KAUM-I. 16828, male, 8.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Brachypleura novaezeelandiae, KAUM-1I. 16830, female, 8.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Brachypleura novaezeelandiae, KAUM-1I. 16830, female, 8.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Remarks: five genera, Brachy- pleura, Citharoides, Citharus, Lepi- doblepharon and Paracitharus, are known from Indo-West Pacific. Usu- ally found on sandy or muddy-sandy bottoms. Food fish.
Remarks: five genera, Brachy- pleura, Citharoides, Citharus, Lepi- doblepharon and Paracitharus, are known from Indo-West Pacific. Usu- ally found on sandy or muddy-sandy bottoms. Food fish.
slightly curved above pectoral fin. Citharidae — pelvic fin with one spine. Bothidae — origin of pelvic fin on eyed side anterior to that on blind side. Samaridae — pelvic fin on blind side absent. Soleidae — eyes on left side of head. Cynoglossidae — caudal fin continuous with dorsal and anal fins. from shallow sandy and muddy bot- toms of continental shelf; some spe- cies from brackish waters near river mouths.
slightly curved above pectoral fin. Citharidae — pelvic fin with one spine. Bothidae — origin of pelvic fin on eyed side anterior to that on blind side. Samaridae — pelvic fin on blind side absent. Soleidae — eyes on left side of head. Cynoglossidae — caudal fin continuous with dorsal and anal fins. from shallow sandy and muddy bot- toms of continental shelf; some spe- cies from brackish waters near river mouths.
Pseudorhombus arsius, UMTF 1516 (KAUM-I. 16720), 14.6 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008
Pseudorhombus arsius, UMTF 1516 (KAUM-I. 16720), 14.6 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008
Pseudorhombus javanicus, KAUM-I. 17303, 12.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Pseudorhombus malayanus, KAUM-I. 17024, 16.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Pseudorhombus javanicus, KAUM-I. 17303, 12.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Pseudorhombus malayanus, KAUM-I. 17024, 16.6 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 16 Dec. 2008
Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus, KAUM-I. 17278, 26.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus, KAUM-I. 17278, 26.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 18 Jan. 2009
Pseudorhombus neglectus, KAUM-I. 16979, 16.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008 Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus, KAUM-L. 16952, 8.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Pseudorhombus neglectus, KAUM-I. 16979, 16.3 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 12 Dec. 2008 Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus, KAUM-L. 16952, 8.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Arnoglossus macrolophus, KAUM-I. 17145, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Arnoglossus macrolophus, KAUM-I. 17145, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 1 Jan. 2009
Grammatobothus polyophthalmus, KAUM-I. 17304, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Engyprosopon grandisquama, KAUM-I. 16885, 7.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Grammatobothus polyophthalmus, KAUM-I. 17304, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 20 Jan. 2009 Engyprosopon grandisquama, KAUM-I. 16885, 7.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008
Engyprosopon grandisquama, KAUM-I. 16827, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Engyprosopon grandisquama, KAUM-I. 16827, 7.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
short, subequal and subsymmetrical in position. Bothidae — eyes on left side of head. Soleidae — preopercle without free margin. Cynoglossidae — eyes on left side of head; preopercle without free margin; pectoral fins ab- sent. well posterior to upper eye; anterior rays of dorsal and anal fin spinous; pelvic fin with one spine; lateral line slightly curved above pectoral fin. Citharidae — pelvic fin with one spine. Paralichthyidae — eyes on left side of head, pelvic fin bases on both sides
short, subequal and subsymmetrical in position. Bothidae — eyes on left side of head. Soleidae — preopercle without free margin. Cynoglossidae — eyes on left side of head; preopercle without free margin; pectoral fins ab- sent. well posterior to upper eye; anterior rays of dorsal and anal fin spinous; pelvic fin with one spine; lateral line slightly curved above pectoral fin. Citharidae — pelvic fin with one spine. Paralichthyidae — eyes on left side of head, pelvic fin bases on both sides
Samaris cristatus, KAUM-I. 17197, 12.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
Samaris cristatus, KAUM-I. 17197, 12.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KR), 5 Jan. 2009
slightly curved above pectoral fin. Citharidae — pelvic fin with one spine. Paralichthyidae, Bothidae and Cynoglossidae — eyes on left side of head. uniformly yellowish or white on blind side of body. aes Mh Me Pe Similar family occurring in the area: Soleidae differs from all other flatfish families, except for Cyno- glossidae, in lacking free preoperclar margin. Psettodidae — dorsal fin origin well posterior to upper eye; anterior rays of dorsal and anal fin spinous; pelvic fin with one spine; lateral line
slightly curved above pectoral fin. Citharidae — pelvic fin with one spine. Paralichthyidae, Bothidae and Cynoglossidae — eyes on left side of head. uniformly yellowish or white on blind side of body. aes Mh Me Pe Similar family occurring in the area: Soleidae differs from all other flatfish families, except for Cyno- glossidae, in lacking free preoperclar margin. Psettodidae — dorsal fin origin well posterior to upper eye; anterior rays of dorsal and anal fin spinous; pelvic fin with one spine; lateral line
Brachirus orientalis, UMTF 1487 (KAUM-I. 16719), 9.5 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008 Remarks: inhabits muddy and sandy bottom in coastal areas. About 35 genera with about 130 species.
Brachirus orientalis, UMTF 1487 (KAUM-I. 16719), 9.5 cm SL Setiu, 29 Oct. 2008 Remarks: inhabits muddy and sandy bottom in coastal areas. About 35 genera with about 130 species.
Zebrias quagga, KAUM-I. 16957, 8.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008 Pardachirus pavoninus, KAUM-I. 17212, 16.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Zebrias quagga, KAUM-I. 16957, 8.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008 Pardachirus pavoninus, KAUM-I. 17212, 16.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009
Liachirus melanospilos, KAUM-I. 16959, 7.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Liachirus melanospilos, KAUM-I. 16959, 7.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Cynoglossus bilineatus, KAUM-1. 17096, 24.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 Similar family occurring in the area: Cynoglossidae differs from all other flatfish families in this area, ex- cept for Soleidae, in having caudal fin fused with dorsal and anal fins, and lacking free preoperclar margin. It is also separable from most flatfishes
Cynoglossus bilineatus, KAUM-1. 17096, 24.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008 Similar family occurring in the area: Cynoglossidae differs from all other flatfish families in this area, ex- cept for Soleidae, in having caudal fin fused with dorsal and anal fins, and lacking free preoperclar margin. It is also separable from most flatfishes
Cynoglossus bilineatus, UMTF 1874, 10.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 29 Dec. 2008
Cynoglossus bilineatus, UMTF 1874, 10.9 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 29 Dec. 2008
Cynoglossus lingua, KAUM-I. 17005, 27.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Cynoglossus lingua, KAUM-I. 17005, 27.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 14 Dec. 2008
Paraplagusia blochii, UMTF 1321 (KAUM-I. 16450), 13.7 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 Cynoglossus monopus, KAUM-L. 17119, 13.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Paraplagusia blochii, UMTF 1321 (KAUM-I. 16450), 13.7 cm SL estuary near UMT, 28 Sept. 2008 Cynoglossus monopus, KAUM-L. 17119, 13.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008
Paraplagusia blochii, UMTF 1083 (KAUM-I. 16518), 7.4 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 mum length 22 cm. Distribution: In- do-West Pacific, including Oman, In- dia, Indonesia and Philippines. side of body. Scales ctenoid on eyed side and weakly ctenoid on blind side. Color: eyed side of body brown; scale centers naler than edoes. Size: maxi-
Paraplagusia blochii, UMTF 1083 (KAUM-I. 16518), 7.4 cm SL Cendering, 6 Oct. 2008 mum length 22 cm. Distribution: In- do-West Pacific, including Oman, In- dia, Indonesia and Philippines. side of body. Scales ctenoid on eyed side and weakly ctenoid on blind side. Color: eyed side of body brown; scale centers naler than edoes. Size: maxi-
Tripodichthys blochi, KAUM-L. 16730, 9.1 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
Tripodichthys blochi, KAUM-L. 16730, 9.1 cm SL Setiu, 28 Oct. 2008
area: Triacanthodidae — caudal fin not deeply forked, rounded to al- most truncate; caudal peduncle not distinctly tapered, deeper than wide; dorsal-fin rays 12 to 18 (20 to 26 in Triacanthidae). silvery, with upper half of body dusky, with or without darker blotches.
area: Triacanthodidae — caudal fin not deeply forked, rounded to al- most truncate; caudal peduncle not distinctly tapered, deeper than wide; dorsal-fin rays 12 to 18 (20 to 26 in Triacanthidae). silvery, with upper half of body dusky, with or without darker blotches.
Abalistes stellatus, KAUM-I. 17123, 12.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 ian iene iinielinaieiaieaaainai einai?” Sad Remarks: most species benthic, occurring in coral and rocky reefs from the coastline to a depth of 100 m; some species (e.g. Canthidermis) pelagic in open water. Feed on bottom invertebrates, but also zooplankton (e.g. Melichthys indicus and Odonus niger). High valued as food in many handline fisheries. Similar families occurring in the area: Monacanthidae — two dorsal-fin spines, only the first of which is long and prominent; body more laterally compressed; fewer and less massive teeth in jaws; scales shagreen-like, with individual basal plates small and not readily distin- guishable from one another to the unaided eye.
Abalistes stellatus, KAUM-I. 17123, 12.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 31 Dec. 2008 ian iene iinielinaieiaieaaainai einai?” Sad Remarks: most species benthic, occurring in coral and rocky reefs from the coastline to a depth of 100 m; some species (e.g. Canthidermis) pelagic in open water. Feed on bottom invertebrates, but also zooplankton (e.g. Melichthys indicus and Odonus niger). High valued as food in many handline fisheries. Similar families occurring in the area: Monacanthidae — two dorsal-fin spines, only the first of which is long and prominent; body more laterally compressed; fewer and less massive teeth in jaws; scales shagreen-like, with individual basal plates small and not readily distin- guishable from one another to the unaided eye.
Sufflamen fraenatum, KAUM-I. 17108, juvenile, 4.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Sufflamen fraenatum, KAUM-I. 17108, juvenile, 4.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 28 Dec. 2008
Aluterus monoceros, KAUM-I. 16897, 21.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Balistidae — III spines in first dorsal fin; skin tough but not shagreen-like, individual scales dis- tinct, usually forming prominent, oblique rows. Triacanthidae — VI spines (usually only V spines vis- ible) in first dorsal fin; pair of strong pelvic-fin spines. Remarks: found in shallow coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds, and sandy-muddy bottoms in depths of 10 to over 200 m. Feed on coral pol- yps, epiphytes attached to seagrass, or
Aluterus monoceros, KAUM-I. 16897, 21.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 6 Dec. 2008 Similar families occurring in the area: Balistidae — III spines in first dorsal fin; skin tough but not shagreen-like, individual scales dis- tinct, usually forming prominent, oblique rows. Triacanthidae — VI spines (usually only V spines vis- ible) in first dorsal fin; pair of strong pelvic-fin spines. Remarks: found in shallow coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds, and sandy-muddy bottoms in depths of 10 to over 200 m. Feed on coral pol- yps, epiphytes attached to seagrass, or
above pectoral-fin base unmodified, not forming a tympanum. Lateral line inconspicuous or only slightly appar- ent. Color: variable, drab brown, gray, or greenish, but often with strikingly marked and vivid patterns. other marine invertebrates. Marketec fresh.
above pectoral-fin base unmodified, not forming a tympanum. Lateral line inconspicuous or only slightly appar- ent. Color: variable, drab brown, gray, or greenish, but often with strikingly marked and vivid patterns. other marine invertebrates. Marketec fresh.
Monacanthus chinensis, KAUM-I. 17071, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Chaetodermis penicilligerus, KAUM-I. 16852, 18.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Monacanthus chinensis, KAUM-I. 17071, 13.8 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 27 Dec. 2008 Chaetodermis penicilligerus, KAUM-I. 16852, 18.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008
Pseudomonacanthus macrurus, KAUM-I. 17042, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Pseudomonacanthus macrurus, KAUM-I. 17042, 15.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Paramonacanthus pusillus, KAUM-I. 16937, 7.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Paramonacanthus pusillus, KAUM-I. 16937, 7.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 11 Dec. 2008
Lagocephalus lunaris, KAUM-I. 17207, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 and temperate seas, most frequently in shallow inshore waters, sometimes entering brackish and fresh waters, but a few species are pelagic. The vis- cera, skin, and blood of most species are poisonous; in some species even the flesh is poisonous. Laymen are strongly recommended not to eat puff- ers, although connoisseurs like to con-
Lagocephalus lunaris, KAUM-I. 17207, 11.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Jan. 2009 and temperate seas, most frequently in shallow inshore waters, sometimes entering brackish and fresh waters, but a few species are pelagic. The vis- cera, skin, and blood of most species are poisonous; in some species even the flesh is poisonous. Laymen are strongly recommended not to eat puff- ers, although connoisseurs like to con-
sume puffers in licensed restaurants in some countries (e.g., Japan).
sume puffers in licensed restaurants in some countries (e.g., Japan).
Lagocephalus spadiceus, KAUM-I. 16839, 14.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Lagocephalus spadiceus, KAUM-I. 17175, 16.2 em SL off Terengganu (KR), 10 Jan. 2009
Lagocephalus spadiceus, KAUM-I. 16839, 14.0 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 5 Dec. 2008 Lagocephalus spadiceus, KAUM-I. 17175, 16.2 em SL off Terengganu (KR), 10 Jan. 2009
Lagocephalus suezensis, KAUM-I. 17034, 13.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Lagocephalus suezensis, KAUM-I. 17034, 13.1 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Tetraodon nigroviridis, KAUM-I. 16706, 9.3 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Tetraodon nigroviridis, KAUM-I. 16706, 9.3 cm SL Setiu, 27 Oct. 2008
Cyclichthys orbicularis, KAUM-L. 17031, 7.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Remarks: found in shallow coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds, and sandy-muddy bottoms in depths of 10 to over 200 m. Feed on coral pol- yps, epiphytes attached to seagrass, or other marine invertebrates. Marketed fresh.
Cyclichthys orbicularis, KAUM-L. 17031, 7.7 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008 Remarks: found in shallow coral and rocky reefs, seagrass beds, and sandy-muddy bottoms in depths of 10 to over 200 m. Feed on coral pol- yps, epiphytes attached to seagrass, or other marine invertebrates. Marketed fresh.
Torquigener gloerfelti, KAUM-I. 17043, 17.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Torquigener gloerfelti, KAUM-I. 17043, 17.2 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 17 Dec. 2008
Similar families occurring in the area: no other families having the following combination of charac- ters: large spines on body, no pelvic fins, inflatable body, teeth fused into a single beak-like plate.
Similar families occurring in the area: no other families having the following combination of charac- ters: large spines on body, no pelvic fins, inflatable body, teeth fused into a single beak-like plate.
Diodon holocanthus, KAUM-I. 41684, 7.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Sept. 2011 toral-fin base, and another around dorsal-fin base; fins yellowish. Size: maximum total length 50 cm. Distri- bution: Indo-Pacific, from east Africa to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales, Australia. Remarks: occurring main- ly on coral reefs.
Diodon holocanthus, KAUM-I. 41684, 7.5 cm SL off Terengganu (KT), 10 Sept. 2011 toral-fin base, and another around dorsal-fin base; fins yellowish. Size: maximum total length 50 cm. Distri- bution: Indo-Pacific, from east Africa to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales, Australia. Remarks: occurring main- ly on coral reefs.

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James Abrahamsz

2018

Research on reef fishes of coral reefs of Tuhaha Bay Waters, Saparua Island was conducted on January 2016. Eleven stations of coral reef habitat were chosen randomly for this study and were observed by using underwater visual census method. The transect area of 250 m (50 m length, 5 m width) was established at each station and reef fish found in each transect was identified to the species level using reference literature. At least 35 families of reef fish which consist of 105 genera and 243 species were found during the study. Those reef fish species found can be categorized into target species (77 species), major species (143 species) and indicator species (23 species). Coral Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) determined based on six main families indicate that relative diversity of reef fish in the study area can be classified into very poor to poor categories. Based on CFDI value, estimated number of reef fish in the coral reef habitat of Tuhaha Bay waters of Saparua Island was 434 spec...

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Check list of the marine commercial and reef fishes of Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia
iwan suyatna

Aceh Journal of Animal Science

Marine fish community is very sensitive to environmental changes. So the number of species, abundance, and biodiversity index can be used as a reference to assess the quality of the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to describe fish biodiversity in Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Three islands were visited i.e. Pekandis Island, and Keran Island, Gosong Semut (Gosong refers to sandbar) for reef fish survey and for the economical fish study we also visited fisheries landing sites (i.e. Teluk Pering, Tanjung Batu Pulas, and Pantai Burung Mandi). The underwater visual census was used for in situ surveys of reef fish, and the fish species landed in fisheries landing site also been checked. Forty-two families of economical fish that had been landed by local fishermen were identified, and ten families of reef fish were found in reef systems of research location. A total of 10 families were recorded from three islands in Belitung Timur Regency. In addition, ...

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CHECKLIST OF FISH SPECIMENS IN THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF INSTITUTE FOR BIODIVERSITY (IBD), BUKIT RENGIT, LANCHANG, PAHANG OF DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND NATIONAL PARKS (DWNP)
Rovie-Ryan Jeffrine J

The museum fish collection has a total of 437 specimens of freshwater fishes from 13 orders and 41 families. A total of 76 valid species was listed, encompasses of 16.5% and 24.9% of the total fish species known to Malaysia and Peninsular Malaysia, respectively. 70 species are native to Malaysia, three are introduced (Barbonymus gonionotus, Oreochromis mossambicus, and Betta splendens), and one reintroduced (Trichogaster pectoralis). Clarias batu is listed as endemic while the native status of two species (Coilia nasus and Mystus vittatus) is questionable as both species are not listed as indigenous to Malaysia

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    Fishes of the Eastern Johor Strait
    William Ludt, Heok Hee Ng

    We record the presence of 435 fish species from the Eastern Johor Strait based on our fieldwork, a review of the existing literature, and an examination of photographs and museum specimens. Four species are recorded for the first time from the waters of Singapore: Pseudorhombus elevatus (Paralichthyidae), Heteromycteris hartzfeldii (Soleidae), Nuchequula manusella (Leiognathidae) and Johnius carouna (Sciaenidae).

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    International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2018; 6(2): 105-109 Coral reef fishes of Tuhaha Bay, Saparua Island, Maluku province, Indonesia
    James Abrahamsz

    Research on reef fishes of coral reefs of Tuhaha Bay Waters, Saparua Island was conducted on January 2016. Eleven stations of coral reef habitat were chosen randomly for this study and were observed by using underwater visual census method. The transect area of 250 m 2 (50 m length, 5 m width) was established at each station and reef fish found in each transect was identified to the species level using reference literature. At least 35 families of reef fish which consist of 105 genera and 243 species were found during the study. Those reef fish species found can be categorized into target species (77 species), major species (143 species) and indicator species (23 species). Coral Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) determined based on six main families indicate that relative diversity of reef fish in the study area can be classified into very poor to poor categories. Based on CFDI value, estimated number of reef fish in the coral reef habitat of Tuhaha Bay waters of Saparua Island was 434 sp...

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    An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Redang Islands, Malaysia
    Kar-Hoe Loh

    Biodiversity Data Journal, 2019

    Background Redang Islands Marine Park consists of nine islands in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia. Redang Island is one of the largest off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, which is famous for its crystal-clear waters and white sandy beaches. The ichthyofauna of the Redang archipelago was surveyed by underwater visual observations between August 2016 and May 2018. Census data were compiled with existing records into the checklist of the marine fish of the Redang archipelago presented herein. A total of 314 species belonging to 51 families were recorded. The most speciose families (Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae, Serranidae, Apogonidae, Carangidae, Gobiidae, Chaetodontidae, Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae and Siganidae) were also amongst the most speciose at the neighbouring Tioman archipelago (except Chaetodontidae). The coral fish diversity index value for the six families of coral reef fishes (Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae,

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    Fishes of the Rajang Basin, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Lynne Parenti

    The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2005

    An annotated checklist of the fishes recorded from the Rajang basin in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, from its headwaters to the brackish waters near its mouth, is presented. At least 164 species are recorded, collected mainly by several recent expeditions to Belaga and the Balui River, Kapit and the Baleh River, and around Sibu. Sixty-four fish species are recorded for the first time in the Rajang basin, two of which (Pangio piperata and Macrognathus circumcinctus) are new records for Borneo. The list should be treated as preliminary as many areas in the Rajang system have not been sampled. The list fills a critical gap in our knowledge of the fishes of Sarawak and includes the first report on fishes of the Batang Balui, a headwater tributary of the Rajang. KEY WORDS.-Fish diversity, species checklist, new records, Rajang basin, Sarawak, Borneo. FISH FAUNA OF THE RAJANG BASIN CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII DIVISION TELEOSTEI ORDER OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES FAMILY OSTEOGLOSSIDAE Scleropages formosus (Schlegel & Müller, in Müller & Schlegel, 1844) * Material examined.-1 ex. (BMNH 1906.10.29.3), Rajang. Remarks.-The 500 mm SL specimen at BMNH was obtained by Charles Hose sometime before 1906. There appear to be no further records from the Rajang basin. Authority of the species follows Eschmeyer (1998). Pouyaud et al. (2003) reviewed the Asian arowanas and described three species that appear to have restricted distributions in Borneo and Sumatra: Scleropages legendrei in the Lake Sentarum area of the Upper Kapuas basin, S. macrocephalus in the Kapuas and Barito basins, and S. aureus in central Sumatra. Scleropages formosus is widespread and seems to live in sympatry with the other three species. Pouyard et al. (2003) overlooked the Rajang specimen that is likely to be Scleropages formosus, the most widespread of the four species. FAMILY NOTOPTERIDAE Chitala borneensis (Bleeker, 1851a) * Material examined.-2 ex. (USNM 320968), LRP91-18. Remarks.-The two USNM specimens measure 535 mm and 560 mm in SL. They have a uniform pale golden background colour, with small black spots on the caudal fin and the posterior portion of the body and the anal fin, and a black spot behind the pectoral-fin base. These specimens were purchased in the Belaga market and appear to have been taken on hook-and-line. ORDER CLUPEIFORMES FAMILY CLUPEIDAE Sundasalanx microps Roberts, 1981 * Material examined.-1 ex. (USNM 322199), LRP91-12. Remarks.-In placing Sundasalanx in Clupeiformes rather than Salmoniformes, as in the original description, we follow the most recent treatment of its relationships by Siebert (1997). Apparently this is the first record of the genus Sundasalanx for Sarawak.

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    Checklist of coral fishes in Lhoknga and Lhok Mata Ie Beaches, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
    Z. Muchlisin

    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019

    The objective of the present study was to inventory the coral fish fingerling in Lhoknga and Lhok Mata Ie Beaches, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted from February to March 2019 in two locations, namely;Lhoknga Beach and Lhok Mata Ie Beach in Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The fish sample was caught using a handline hook and casting net. A total of 51 fish were sampled during the study, and it belongs to 8 orders, 11 families, 19 genera, and 25 species. The Labriformes was predominant with six genus and eight species followed by Scorpaeniformes (four species), Perciformes and Blenniiformes, four species respectively. Carangiformes, Mugiliformes, and Gobiiformes with two species, respectively and Anguilliformes with one species.In addition, Epinephelus was the predominant genus with four species.

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    Inland Fishes Recorded from the Langkawi Islands, Peninsular Malaysia
    Amirrudin Ahmad

    Malayan Nature Journal

    Forty-one fish species are presently known from the inland drainages of the Langkawi Islands, in particular, Pulau Langkawi and Pulau Dayang Bunting. Twenty-four species are primary division freshwater fish. Thirty species were recorded for the first time from the Langkawi Islands, of which two species (Oreochormis mossambicus and Trichogaster pectoralis) were introduced. Anguilla marmorata, Acanthocobitis zonalternans and Dermogenys sumatrana were recorded for the first time from Peninsular Malaysia.

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    Short Notes on Fisheries of Nanga Merit Area, Kapit, Sarawak
    Mohd Nasarudin Harith

    Monograph of Aquatic Science Colloquium 2010

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    Collection of freshwater and coastal fishes from Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia [Koleksi ikan-ikan air tawar dan pantai di Sulawesi Tenggara]
    Daniel Lumbantobing

    2015

    We report 69 fish species in 34 teleost families nearly all collected during a preliminary survey of the Sungai Pohara and coastal localities in Sulawesi Tenggara, including Muna Island, in June 2010. Of these species, nine are introduced or exotic and another is questionably native. The family Gobiidae is the most diverse taxon, represented by 14 native species. Atherinomorph fishes of the family Adrianichthyidae are represented in the province by four endemic species and two others that are widespread, all in the genus Oryzias. This fish fauna contrasts sharply with the riverine ichthyo-fauna of the adjacent Sulawesi Tenggara islands of Buton and Kabaena in which there are reportedly no ricefishes and few endemics. New species are being described by the field team and collaborators. Our ultimate goal is to discover, describe, highlight, understand and encourage the conservation of the native freshwater and coastal fish biota of Sulawesi. Abstrak Kami melaporkan hasil survei pendah...

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    Commercial marine fish species from Weh Island, Indonesia: Checklist, distribution pattern and conservation status
    neri kautsari

    Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

    In this study, we first report a systematic checklist of commercial marine fish species from Weh Island, Indonesia, including notes on their distribution pattern, conservation status, and commercial value. Fish sampling was conducted at three major fish markets in Weh Island, and these specifically were Cangkoan Fish Market, Kuta Timu Fish Market, and Balohan Fish Market. A total of 50 fish species belonging to 8 orders and 24 families were documented. Carangidae (12%, 6 species) was the predominant family, followed by the Scaridae (10%, 5 species) and other families (78%, 22 families, 39 species). Based on the IUCN red list, commercial marine fish species in Weh Island were dominated by the "Least Concern" category (78%, 39 species), followed by the "Not Evaluated" (14%, 7 species), the "Near Threatened" (4%, 2 species), and the "Data Deficient" (4%, 2 species). The market price of the fish ranged from 0.34 USD/kg to 6.19 USD/kg, with three fish families included in the high commercial value, namely the Clupeidae, Carcharhinidae, and Serranidae.

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    Check list of marine fishes from Simeulue Island waters, Aceh Province, Indonesia
    Zainal A . Muchlisin

    ACEH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

    The objective of the present study was to inventory the marine commercial fishes in Simeulue waters, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted on August 2017. The sampling was conducted in fish landing and direct sampling by using handline hooks and casting net. A total of 77 species of marine commercial fishes belong to 7 orderS, 26 families and 54 genera were recorded during the study. Serranidae was a predominant family with 14 species followed by Lutjanidae with 13 species and Carangidae 9 species.

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