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2011, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
We thank Oleg Mirzov, Daniel Thomsson, Hongzhen Lin, and Yuxi Tian for valuable discussions. We thank David Adolph and nmC@LU for technical help with film thickness measurements.
The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2019
Energy equilibration in light-harvesting antenna systems normally occurs before energy is transferred to a reaction center. The equilibration mechanism is a characteristic of the excitation energy transfer (EET) network of the antenna. Characterizing this network is crucial in understanding the first step of photosynthesis. We present our phenomenology-based analysis procedure and results in obtaining the excitonic energy levels, spectral linewidths, and transfer-rate matrix of Light-Harvesting Complex II directly from its 2D electronic spectra recorded at 77 K with waiting times between 100 fs to 100 ps. Due to the restriction of the models and complexity of the system, a unique EET network cannot be constructed. Nevertheless, a recurring pattern of energy transfer with very similar overall time scales between spectral components (excitons) is consistently obtained. The models identify a "bottleneck" state in the 664-668 nm region although with a relatively shorter lifetime (∼4-6 ps) of this state compared to previous studies. The model also determines three terminal exciton states at 675, 677-678, and 680-681 nm that are weakly coupled to each other. The excitation energy equilibration between the three termini is found to be independent of the initial excitation conditions, which is a crucial design for the light-harvesting complexes to ensure the energy flow under different light conditions and avoid excitation trapping. We proposed two EET schemes with tentative pigment assignments based on the interpretation of the modeling results together with previous structure-based calculations and spectroscopic observables.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2020
Optical spectra of the LHCII antenna complex are simulated using a fully atomistic first-principles exciton model, derived from multiscale quantum mechanical calculations of the pigments and a polarizable classical model for the environment.
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2016
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) serves a central role in light harvesting for oxygenic photosynthesis and is arguably the most important photosynthetic antenna complex. In this work, we present two-dimensional electronic-vibrational (2DEV) spectra of LHCII isolated from spinach, demonstrating the possibility of using this technique to track the transfer of electronic excitation energy between specific pigments within the complex. We assign the spectral bands via comparison with the 2DEV spectra of the isolated chromophores, chlorophyll a and b, and present evidence that excitation energy between the pigments of the complex are observed in these spectra. Finally, we analyze the essential components of the 2DEV spectra using singular value decomposition, which makes it possible to reveal the relaxation pathways within this complex.
Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 2009
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of Light Harvesting Complex 4 from photosynthetic bacteria reveals excited state dynamics on two timescales and resolves exciton states with little to no oscillator strength. The results suggest a molecular structure in which the pigment dipole organization within the circular complex has more tangential than radial character.
Nature plants, 2016
Author(s): Dall'Ostoa, L; Cazzanigaa, S; Bressana, M; Zigmantas, D; Palecekb, D; Zidekb, K; Niyogi, KK; Fleming, GR; Bassi, R
The dynamics of delocalized excitons in light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) can be investigated using different experimental techniques, and transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) is one of the most valuable methods for this purpose. A careful interpretation of TA spectra is essential for the clarification of excitation energy transfer (EET) processes occurring during light-harvesting. However, even in the simplest LHCs, a physical model is needed to interpret transient spectra, as the number of EET processes occurring at the same time is too large to be disentangled from measurements alone. Physical EET models are commonly built by fittings of the microscopic exciton Hamiltonians and exciton-vibrational parameters, an approach that can lead to biases. Here we present a first-principles strategy to simulate EET and transient absorption spectra in LHCs, combining molecular dynamics and accurate multiscale quantum chemical calculations to obtain an independent estimate of the excitonic ...
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Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 2009
Two-dimensional Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy is employed to investigate quantum beating in the major light-harvesting complex II. Long-lived excitonic coherence is observed for the first time in a higher plant system between two different types of chlorophyll molecules.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997
Single light-harvesting complexes LH-2 from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila were immobilized on various charged surfaces under physiological conditions. Polarized light experiments showed that the complexes were situated on the surface as nearly upright cylinders. Their f luorescence lifetimes and photobleaching properties were obtained by using a confocal f luorescence microscope with picosecond time resolution. Initially all molecules f luoresced with a lifetime of 1 ؎ 0.2 ns, similar to the bulk value. The photobleaching of one bacteriochlorophyll molecule from the 18member assembly caused the f luorescence to switch off completely, because of trapping of the mobile excitations by energy transfer. This process was linear in light intensity. On continued irradiation the f luorescence often reappeared, but all molecules did not show the same behavior. Some LH-2 complexes displayed a variation of their quantum yields that was attributed to photoinduced confinement of the excited states and thereby a diminution of the superradiance. Others showed much shorter lifetimes caused by excitation energy traps that are only Ϸ3% efficient. On repeated excitation some molecules entered a noisy state where the f luorescence switched on and off with a correlation time of Ϸ0.1 s. About 490 molecules were examined.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a pigment− protein complex present in higher plants and green algae. LHCII represents the main site of light absorption, and its role is to transfer the excitation energy toward the photosynthetic reaction centers, where primary energy conversion reactions take place. The optical properties of LHCII are known to depend on protein conformation. However, the relation between the structural and spectroscopic properties of the pigments is not fully understood yet. In this respect, previous classical molecular dynamics simulations of LHCII in a model membrane [Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 1−10] have shown that the configuration and excitonic coupling of a chlorophyll (Chl) dimer functioning as the main terminal emitter of the complex are particularly sensitive to conformational changes. Here, we use quantum chemistry calculations to investigate in greater detail the effect of pigment−pigment interactions on the excited-state landscape. While most previous studies have used a local picture in which electrons are localized on single pigments, here we achieve a more accurate description of the Chl dimer by adopting a supramolecular picture where time-dependent density functional theory is applied to the whole system at once. Our results show that specific dimer configurations characterized by shorter inter-pigment distances can result in a sizable intensity decrease (up to 36%) of the Chl absorption bands in the visible spectral region. Such a decrease can be predicted only when accounting for Chl−Chl charge-transfer excitations, which is possible using the above-mentioned supramolecular approach. The charge-transfer character of the excitations is quantified by two types of analyses: one focusing on the composition of the excitations and the other directly on the observable total absorption intensities.
Scientific Reports, 2015
Numerous approaches have been proposed to mimic natural photosynthesis using artificial antenna systems, such as conjugated polymers (CPs), dendrimers, and J-aggregates. As a result, there is a need to characterize and compare the excitation energy transfer (EET) properties of various natural and artificial antennas. Here we experimentally show that EET in single antennas can be characterized by 2D polarization imaging using the single funnel approximation. This methodology addresses the ability of an individual antenna to transfer its absorbed energy towards a single pool of emissive states, using a single parameter called energy funneling efficiency (ε). We studied individual peripheral antennas of purple bacteria (LH2) and single CP chains of 20 nm length. As expected from a perfect antenna, LH2s showed funneling efficiencies close to unity. In contrast, CPs showed lower average funneling efficiencies, greatly varying from molecule to molecule. Cyclodextrin insulation of the conjugated backbone improves EET, increasing the fraction of CPs possessing ε = 1. Comparison between LH2s and CPs shows the importance of the protection systems and the protein scaffold of LH2, which keep the chromophores in functional form and at such geometrical arrangement that ensures excellent EET.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013
Since the determination of the X-ray structure of the peripheral light-harvesting complex, LH2, from the purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) acidophila, this pigment-protein complex has served as a cornerstone with which to elucidate the structure-function relationships that lie at the heart of the high efficiency of bacterial photosynthesis. This antenna complex accommodates 27 Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a molecules that are organized in two concentric rings, referred to as B800 and B850, according to the spectral positions of their absorption bands. Its structure has inspired many researchers, and convincing evidence was found that collective effects play an important role in the electronically excited states of the B850 manifold. Yet, due to the heterogeneity in these systems, direct experimental confirmation of delocalized exciton states is difficult to obtain in conventional ensemble-averaged experiments, but was accomplished by single-molecule spectroscopy. Apart from details that are still a matter of hot debate, it is now generally accepted that an exciton model that takes the heterogeneity in the site energies of the individual BChl a molecules into account grasps the essential features observed in absorption and fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy of LH2. There are several observations in the emission spectra that are inconsistent with this model, and this suggested a model that considers exciton self-trapping in the B850 assembly. However, thus far, most of the single-molecule work performed on pigment-protein complexes from purple bacteria has focused on fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy, and the few studies that dealt with single-complex emission spectroscopy did not consider self-trapping processes and/or were conducted at room temperature, where all decisive spectral details are completely masked by thermal broadening. Recently, we addressed this issue by performing fluorescence-excitation and fluorescence spectroscopy on the same individual complex. We found that, in contrast to the excitation spectra, the emission spectra could be grouped into three categories. Those that consist of a narrow zero-phonon line (ZPL), accompanied by a broader phonon side band (PSB) at lower energy, those that showed a broad structureless asymmetric band, and those that looked like a superposition of spectra from the former two categories. Moreover, we observed a clear correlation between the spectral peak position of the emission and the widths of the emission spectra. In agreement with selective spectroscopy data obtained from ensembles of LH2, the complexes with emission spectra that featured a clear ZPL/PSB profile occurred preferentially on the blue side of the ensembleaveraged emission peak, and complexes with rather redshifted spectra typically featured structureless broad bands. This observation clearly indicates that the electron-phonon coupling strength strongly varies from complex to complex, as well as being a function of the spectral position. Therefore, we came to the conclusion that exciton self-trapping might indeed be effective for some of the LH2 complexes emitting at the red end of the spectrum. At that time, the minimum exposure time for recording an individual emission spectrum from a single complex was 60 s and we could not fully rule out that some of the broader spectra were the result of fast spectral diffusion processes smearing out the underlying ZPL/ PSB profile.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013
Significance Unique single-molecule fluorescence techniques were used to monitor DNA “breathing” at and near the junctions of model DNA replication forks on biologically relevant microsecond-to-millisecond time scales. Experiments performed in the absence and presence of helicase complexes addressed the role of these fluctuations in helicase function during DNA replication. These studies simultaneously monitored single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and single-molecule fluorescence linear dichroism of “internal” Cy3/Cy5 labels placed rigidly into the DNA backbones at positions near the fork junction. Our results showed significant breathing at the fork junction that was greatly augmented by the presence of weakly bound helicase, followed by still larger fluctuations and strand separation after full duplex DNA unwinding by the complete tightly bound and processive helicase complex.
Biophysical journal, 1995
Spectral substructure and ultrafast excitation dynamics have been investigated in the chlorophyll (Chi) a and b QY region of isolated plant light-harvesting complex 11 (LHC 11). We demonstrate the feasibility of Nonlinear Polarization Spectroscopy in the frequency domain, a novel photosynthesis research laser spectroscopic technique, to determine not only ultrafast population relaxation (T1) and dephasing (T2) times, but also to reveal the complex spectral substructure in the Qy band as well as the mode(s) of absorption band broadening at room temperature (RT). The study gives further direct evidence for the existence of up to now hypothetical "Chl forms". Of particular interest is the differentiated participation of the Chl forms in energy transfer in trimeric and aggregated LHC II. Limits for T2 are given in the range of a few ten fs. Inhomogeneous broadening does not exceed the homogeneous widths of the subbands at RT. The implications of the results for the energy transfer mechanisms in the antenna are discussed.
New Journal of Physics, 2014
The recently suggested possibility that weak vibronic transitions can be excitonically enhanced in light-harvesting complexes is studied in detail. A vibronic exciton dimer model that includes ground-state vibrations is investigated using the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method with a parameter set typical to photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. The absorption spectra are discussed based on the Coulomb coupling, the detuning of the site energies, and the number of vibrational modes. Fluorescence spectra calculations show that the spectral densities obtained from the low-temperature fluorescence line-narrowing measurements of light-harvesting systems need to be corrected for the effects of excitons. For the J-aggregate configuration, as in most light-harvesting complexes, the true spectral density has a larger amplitude than that obtained from the measurement.
Chemical Physics, 2012
General problem of extracting intramolecular energy transfer information from fluorescence and fluorescence excitation polarization experiments at single molecule level is presented. A single funnel approximation is shown to be a very powerful approach to model the polarization data obtained by recently emerged 2-dimensional polarization single molecule imaging technique [O. Mirzov et al., Small 5 (2009) 1877]. Using this approximation a parameter characterising quantitatively light-harvesting efficiency of an individual light-harvesting antenna can be readily obtained. Technical details of 2D polarization imaging and practical methods of avoiding polarization artefact in fluorescence microscopy are discussed.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006
We present fluorescence-excitation spectra of individual light-harvesting 3 (LH3 or B800-820) complexes of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila at 1.2 K. The optical single-molecule studies were employed to investigate the electronic structure as well as the conformational flexibility of the individual pigment-protein complexes. The optical spectra resemble those of individual light-harvesting 2 (LH2) complexes, in agreement with the structural similarity of both types of complexes. Although variations among the LH3 spectra are large, there is a distinct difference in the spectral features of the 800 and 820 nm region that appears in all the complexes studied. In the B800 region 4-6 narrow bands are present whereas in the B820 region a limited number of relatively broad bands are observed. These observations can generally be interpreted in terms of localized excitations in the 800 nm region and delocalized excitations in the 820 nm region. The observed heterogeneous spectral behavior, especially in the B820 band, indicates that the B820 pigments of LH3 are sensitive to light-induced local conformational changes. It is suggested that a rotation of the C 3-acetyl chain of a BChl a pigment bound to the-subunit of the light-harvesting complex is the origin of the conformational flexibility and affects the optical properties of the whole pigment-protein complex.
The Journal of chemical physics, 2015
The pathways and dynamics of excitation energy transfer between the chlorophyll (Chl) domains in solubilized trimeric and aggregated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) are examined using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). The LHCII trimers and aggregates exhibit the unquenched and quenched excitonic states of Chl a, respectively. 2DES allows direct correlation of excitation and emission energies of coupled states over population time delays, hence enabling mapping of the energy flow between Chls. By the excitation of the entire Chl b Qy band, energy transfer from Chl b to Chl a states is monitored in the LHCII trimers and aggregates. Global analysis of the two-dimensional (2D) spectra reveals that energy transfer from Chl b to Chl a occurs on fast and slow time scales of 240-270 fs and 2.8 ps for both forms of LHCII. 2D decay-associated spectra resulting from the global analysis identify the correlation between Chl states involved in the energy transfer and decay at a ...
International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, 2016
We present two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectra of the chlorophyll (Chl) binding protein light harvesting complex II (LHCII) from spinach, and of isolated Chl a and Chl b. We show how energy transfer from Chl b to Chl a and subsequent relaxation can be directly observed in LHCII using this multidimensional technique.
Photosynthesis Research
In this mini review, we focus on recent advances in the atomistic modeling of biological light-harvesting (LH) complexes. Because of their size and sophisticated electronic structures, multiscale methods are required to investigate the dynamical and spectroscopic properties of such complexes. The excitation energies, in this context also known as site energies, excitonic couplings, and spectral densities are key quantities which usually need to be extracted to be able to determine the exciton dynamics and spectroscopic properties. The recently developed multiscale approach based on the numerically efficient density functional tight-binding framework followed by excited state calculations has been shown to be superior to the scheme based on pure classical molecular dynamics simulations. The enhanced approach, which improves the description of the internal vibrational dynamics of the pigment molecules, yields spectral densities in good agreement with the experimental counterparts for ...
Proceedings of the …, 2011
The CP29 light harvesting complex from green plants is a pigment-protein complex believed to collect, conduct, and quench electronic excitation energy in photosynthesis. We have spectroscopically determined the relative angle between electronic transition dipole moments of its chlorophyll excitation energy transfer pairs in their local protein environments without relying on simulations or an X-ray crystal structure. To do so, we measure a basis set of polarized 2D electronic spectra and isolate their absorptive components on account of the tensor relation between the light polarization sequences used to obtain them. This broadly applicable advance further enhances the acuity of polarized 2D electronic spectroscopy and provides a general means to initiate or feed back on the structural modeling of electronically-coupled chromophores in condensed phase systems, tightening the inferred relations between the spatial and electronic landscapes of ultrafast energy flow. We also discuss the pigment composition of CP29 in the context of light harvesting, energy channeling, and photoprotection within photosystem II.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1997
The unique high spectral resolution resulting from application of nonlinear polarisation spectroscopy in the frequency Ž . domain at 77 K directly reveals 6 subbands at 649, 657, 667, 672, 675 and 679 nm in the chlorophyll a r b Q -region of y Ž . trimeric light-harvesting complex II. A shortening from about 90 to 35 fs of the corresponding dephasing times towards the 'blue' edge of the Q -band was observed. q 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. y
Chem. Commun.
First report on the effect of side-chain induced perturbations on exciton interactions in an organic light harvesting crystal.
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