Environmental Pollution

Применение регрессионного анализа и нейронных сетей для построения моделей рынка смартфонов Honor Козич Полина Александровна Приамурский государственный университет имени Шолом-Алейхема Студент Баженов Руслан Иванович Приамурский государственный университет имени Шолом-Алейхема К.п.н., доцент, зав. кафедры информационных систем, математики и правовой информатики Аннотация В данной статье рассматривается применение и построение нейронной сети в Neural Network Wizard. Исследование производится на основе данных рынка смартфонов Honor. Экспериментальные данные были взяты с сайта dns-shop.ru. В результате исследования получены модели, позволяющие определить стоимость смартфона. Ключевые слова: нейронная сеть, Neural Network Wizard, смартфон, Honor.

Tibetan nomads in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China have experienced profound transitions in recent decades with important implications for land use, livelihoods, and health development. The change from being traditional nomads to agropastoralists engaged in permanent agriculture, a sedentary village life (known as ''sedentarization''), has been associated with a remarkable change in diet and lifestyle, decline in spatial mobility, increase in food production, and emerging infectious and noncommunicable diseases. The overarching response of the government has been to emphasize infrastructure and technological solutions. The local adaptation strategies of Tibetan nomads through maintaining balanced mobile herding, reindeer husbandry, as well as off-farm labor and trade could address both the cause of environmental degradation and improve the well-being of local people. Drawing on transdisciplinary, preliminary field work in Gangga Township of Dingri County in the foothills of Mt. Everest, we identify pertinent linkages between land use and health, and spatial and temporal mismatch of livelihoods and health care services, in the transition to sedentary village life. We suggest emerging imperatives in Ecohealth to help restore Tibetan livelihoods in transition to a sedentary lifestyle.

and restoring critical forests and lands due to its ability to adapt to marginal land and mitigate climate change. Other actions required for supporting ex situ conservation are preventing illegal logging, regeneration, conservation education, reforestation, agroforestry system applied in private and community lands, and industrial forest plantations.

According to studies promoted by the United Nations over the last hundred years, the average temperature of the atmosphere increased by more than 0.5 °C. The trend has been almost exponential since the 1960s, years of world industrial development and economic boom. Hydrogen offers an alternative to the fuels used today and proposes itself as a possible interesting solution for our future. About its use in the automotive sector, the number of vehicles is expected to increase following the recent massive motorization in India and China. It is therefore necessary to find a transport means that allows to drastically cut the emissions. Various studies on the possibility of hydrogen propulsion are currently underway, many of them at the level of experimentation. The easiest way to employ hydrogen in the vehicular context is to use it in current internal combustion engines with the addition of appropriate modifications, just as it happens for methane or LPG conversion to cars. The advantag...

Indian environment has been deteriorated remarkably in the last fifty years due to rapid decline in natural resources and severe increase in pollution level. Depletion of forest, population growth, vehicular emissions, use of hazardous chemicals and various other undesirable human activities are mainly responsible for the degraded scenario of environmental health in India. It is, in fact, rendering considerable economic loss to the country and warrants serious attention of policymakers, administrators, scientists and people altogether to save the environment and humanity and to provide generation equity. The present paper deals with the threat of environmental degradation and suggests some possible remedial measures for eco-conservation in India. Now it is essentially advisable to become protector, producer and caretaker of natural resources and not the predator, polluter and consumer of earth.

We aimed at evaluating the effect of low-level air pollution on leaf area fluctuating asymmetry (FAA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of Salix alba L., taking into account other environmental factors. Cuttings were grown in standardized conditions in the near vicinity of air quality measuring stations in Belgium. Variability of SLA and FAA between measuring stations explained 83% and 7.26%, respectively, of the total variability. FAA was not influenced by air pollution or environmental factors such as shading, herbivory, air temperature and humidity. SLA was increased by an increase in shadow, while NO x and O 3 concentrations had only a marginal influence. The influence of SO 2 concentration was negligible. Although our data analysis suggests a relationship between SLA and NO x /O 3 concentration, the absence of a straightforward relationship between FAA and SLA and air pollution still questions the usefulness of these bioindicators for monitoring air pollution.

In connection with the growing need for saving natural resources used in aggregates for concrete, the importance of lightweight structural aggregates obtained from production waste is continuously increasing. Lightweight structural concretes on porous aggregates can significantly reduce own weight of structures, make it possible to manufacture larger structures, reduce transport costs, and improve the thermal insulation and acoustic properties of enclosing structures. The use of waste from the mining and metallurgical industry to produce construction materials significantly reduces environmental pollution. The article is devoted to studying the possibility of using wastes from the mining and processing industry of enterprises of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin to produce lightweight porous aggregate. The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of the charge's granulometric composition, the quantitative content of the raw mix components, and the temperature of heat trea...

Present study demonstrates permethrin induced oxidative damage in fish brain and explores effectiveness of melatonin to ameliorate brain function. Adult female Notopterus notopterus were exposed to nominal permethrin concentrations at 1/20th (0.34 mg/l) and 1/10th (0.68 mg/l) of LC 50 for 15 days. The measured permethrin concentrations using gas chromatography (GC-ECD) were 0.28 mg/l and 0.57 mg/l, respectively. Some fish were sacrificed to collect brain tissue after 15 days of exposure. Remaining fish from both groups were administered exogenous melatonin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days and brain tissues were collected. Brain enzymes, ntioxidant factors, HSP70, HSP90, nuclear factor-kappa binding (NFkB), melatonin receptor (MT1R) proteins were measured. Permethrin treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of glutathione and brain enzymes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), HSPs increased at each concentration of permethrin. However, superoxide dismutase, glutathione s-transferase levels increased at low permethrin concentration followed by sharp decrease at higher concentration. Expression of NFkB and MT1R increased significantly (P < 0.05). Melatonin administration reinstated activity of brain enzymes, reduced MDA, XO levels and modulated HSPs. Melatonin also increased expression of NFkB and MT1R. Exogenous melatonin improves oxidative status in permethrin stressed fish brain. Melatonin modulates expression of HSPs that enables brain to become stress tolerant and survive by initiating NFkB translocation. Melatonin could act through melatonin receptor protein to induce synthesis of antioxidant proteins. Therefore the study successfully evaluates the potential of melatonin application for better culture and management of fish against pesticide toxicity.

The EU cross-compliance (CC) instrument implies that farmers receive payments subject to meeting Statutory Management Requirements (SMRs) related to environment, food safety, animal and plant health and animal welfare, as well as standards of good agricultural and environmental conditions (GAECs). This report describes the approach and application methodology of an environmental impact tool to evaluate cross compliance measures on environmental effect indicators. It consists of a selection of the effect indicators to be applied and assessment tools to be used with a review of the CC measures to be evaluated in assessing the environmental impacts. Furthermore, it includes an evaluation of CC measures related to the Nitrates Directive and selected GAECs with the coupled CAPRI-MITERRA model for the prototype of the environmental impact tool.

This study empirically examined the views of Certified Internal Auditors (CIAs) concerning the role of Code of Ethics for members of the Institute of Internal Auditors~ It is a continuation of an earlier study which examined the usefulness of the Code to CIAs. Among the questions asked were what is the primary reason for the Code of Ethics, how useful is it, have you used it, should more enforcement actions be taken against members who violate the Code, and what are the legal and moral responsibilities of the CIA to report serious ethical violations, e.g., environmental pollution, to outsiders when top management and the board of directors are aware of the matter but are not doing anything to correct it. The results indicate strong support for the Code, its enforcement, and use as an instrument to encourage the internal flow of ethical behavior by embers and others. to maintain a high level of credibility via many routes. However, probably the most important was the creation of the professional Code of Ethics. This paper examines the role of a Code of Ethics for the Certified Internal Auditing (CtA) profession. It is an extension of an earlier research study examining the Code (O'Shaughnessy et al., 1993). First, the need and basis for a code of professional ethics is presented. Then a comparison is made between the results of the current study and the previous one concerning the usefulness of the Code of Ethics for the internal auditing profession. The final sections discusses the findings and their implications for the profession and presents some overall conclusions. Credibility is an important quality for any individual who sells objectivity. Auditors of all categories must be objective and therefore credibility is a critical attribute to the perceived value of their services.

El colonialismo tóxico subyace en la crisis ecológica generada por la contaminación y el movimiento transfronterizo de residuos desde el Norte hacia el Sur global, configurando territorios en sacrificio que evidencian esta forma de coloniaje mediada por el sistema del capital. Este artículo analiza críticamente este fenómeno a partir de fuentes secundarias, centrándose en el orden sociometabólico imperante y las relaciones de poder que profundizan las injusticias ambientales y sanitarias. A través de un enfoque cualitativo e interdisciplinario, basado en la Ecología Política y otros marcos críticos, se denuncia la creciente disociación entre los ciclos naturales y las actividades humanas, cuyos impactos recaen asimétricamente sobre ecosistemas y comunidades en regiones periurbanas y rurales.

Due to increasing awareness of sustainable agriculture practices, has generated the necessity of proper composting processing methods to enhance the quality of raw cow manure as an organic fertilizer. The current study examines the effect of different microbial inoculants on the composting process emphasising on balancing the C:N ratio, enhancing the nutrients, reducing heavy metals and eliminating entire pathogens. Experiment was carried out based on four different composting treatments: T1 (Control, without inoculants), T2 (Bacterial Inoculant-Bacillus, Pseudomonas), T3 (Fungal Inoculant-Trichoderma, Aspergillus), and T4 (Mixed-Bacterial & Fungal Inoculants.). Compost windrows were monitored about 60-days duration for vital parameters, such as C:N ratio reduction, retention of organic Nitrogen, solubilization of Phosphorus, control of pathogens, and the degradation of heavy metals. The result shows that T4-(Bacteria + Fungi in Combination) has enhanced in compost quality and maturity the most. The significant decrease in C: N ratio of the compost from 30:1 to 14:1, indicates the proper decomposition of the organic matter. Regarding nutrient content T4 has found higher level of Nitrogen as N (1.42%), Phosphorus as P2O5 (1.10%) and Potassium as K2O (1.85%) compared to other treatments T1, T2, T3, indicates the better nutrient retention (Awasthi et al., 2022). The pathogen such as E. coli and Salmonella completely disappeared in T4 followed by pathogen test of the compost, due to the prolonged thermophilic conditions (55-70°C) developed during the composting process in the windrow (Reddy et al., 2018). The significant drop is observed heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr: 15.3 to 5.9 ppm), Cadmium (Cd: 2.4 to 0.6 ppm), Lead (Pb: 12.5 to 4.8 ppm) in the T4 after heavy metals analysis which shows the compost safe for long-term soil application (Dai et al., 2020). These findings clearly indicates that using compost derived from T4 microbial consortia may be the effective strategy for enhancing the quality of organic manure, It also makes the organic manure nutritious and balanced, pathogen-free, and eco-friendly organic fertilizer. Economic viability and widespread adoption of this process in sustainable agricultural practices must be our top priorities in our future work.

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis excited with synchrotron radiation SR-TXRF has been used for rainwater trace element analysis. The samples were collected from four different sites at Campinas City, SP, Brazil. Standard solutions with gallium as internal standard were prepared for the calibration system. Rainwater samples of 10 l were added to Perspex reflector disks, dried under vacuum and analyzed for 100 s measuring time. The detection limits obtained for K-shell lines varied from 29 ng ml y1 for sulfur to 1.3 ng ml y1 for zinc and copper, while for L-shell the values were 4.5 ng ml y1 for mercury and 7.0 ng ml y1 for lead.

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

For many centuries, composting has been used as a means of recycling organic matter back into the soil to improve soil structure and fertility. The composting process has received much attention in recent years because of pollution concerns and the search for environmentally-sound methods for treating animal waste. The pig industry faces increasing problems from waste production as intensive pig production increases and pig units become bigger. This paper reviews information on the use of composting for treating piggery waste as a means of addressing the environmental pollution concerns. Ways in which composting has been used for treating pig manure, pig carcasses and pig litter as well as factors influencing the composting process are discussed. Suggestions for possible future applications are also presented.

Air pollution by particulate matter is a serious problem in Beijing. Strict pollution control measures have been carried out in Beijing prior to and during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade in order to improve air quality. This distinct event provides an excellent opportunity for investigating the impact of such measures on the chemical properties of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5). The water-soluble ions as well as sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfate in PM2.5 collected between August 19 and September 18, 2015 (n = 31) were analyzed in order to trace the sources and formation processes of PM2.5 in Beijing. The results exhibit a decrease in concentration of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 including aerosol sulfate. In contrast, the mean values of δ(34)Ssulfate (4.7 ± 0.8‰ vs. 5.0 ± 2.0‰) and δ(18)Osulfate (18.3 ± 2.3‰ vs. 17.2 ± 6.0) in PM2.5 during the air pollution control period and the non-source control period exhibit no significant differences, whi...

Natural mosses have been employed as reactive and accumulative indicators of atmospheric pollutants. Using the denitrifier method, the concentration, d 15 N and d 18 O of moss nitrate (NO À 3 ) were measured to elucidate the sources of NO À 3 trapped in natural mosses. Oven drying at 55e70 C, not lyophilization, was recommended to dry mosses for NO À 3 analyses. An investigation from urban to mountain sites in western Tokyo suggested that moss ½NO À 3 can respond to NO À 3 availability in different habitats. NO À 3 in terricolous mosses showed isotopic ratios as close to those of soil NO À 3 , reflecting the utilization of soil NO À 3 . Isotopic signatures of NO À 3 in corticolous and epilithic mosses elucidated atmospheric NO À 3 sources and strength from the urban (vehicle NO x emission) to mountain area (wet-deposition NO À 3 ). However, mechanisms and isotopic effects of moss NO À 3 utilization must be further verified to enable the application of moss NO À 3 isotopes for source identification.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for biological growth that can contribute to eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. Water trophic status and algae growth are primarily related to the content of bioavailable P, which is primarily related to enzymatically hydrolysable organic P(EHOP) and dissolved inorganic P(IP). In this study, soil samples from the water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) were collected from a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) to characterize the properties of organic P(OP) fractions using solution 31 P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and enzymatic hydrolysis. 31 P-NMR showed that orthophosphate was the main part of the bioavailable P in the WLFZ soil and accounted for 80.4% of the NaOH-EDTA extractable total P (NaOH-EDTA TP), while phosphate monoester accounted for 60.5% of NaOH-EDTA extractable OP (NaOH-EDTA OP). The soil properties and replenishment from the mainstream of the Yangtze River to the Pengxi River have a certain effect on the content and distribution of P forms in the WLFZ soil of the tributary. The EHOP accounted for 28.1% of the NaOH-EDTA OP, and a significant positive correlation was observed between labile monoester P and EHOP and organic matter (OM). The water-soluble OP(H 2 O-OP), bicarbonate-extractable OP(NaHCO 3 -OP), and Fe-and Alassociated OP(Fe/Al-OP) were significantly hydrolyzed by phosphatase and thus exhibited great release potential. The ranking of the bioavailability of OP was Fe/Al-OP > H 2 O-OP > NaHCO 3 -OP. Phytatelike P were mainly found in H 2 O-OP and NaHCO 3 -OP, which indicated that periodic submersion eemersion cycles promoted the release of phytate-like P from Fe/Al-OP into the water column of the TGR. These observations suggest that when the external P input was effectively controlled, a huge risk of release of the internal OP from the WLFZ soil, and the biogeochemical cycling of the bioavailable P played an important role in maintaining the eutrophication of the reservoir.

Knowledge of chemical mobility of heavy metals is fundamental to understanding their toxicity, bioavailability, and geochemical behavior. In this paper, two different methods, i.e. mineralogical means and sequential extractions, were employed to analyze the total contents, existing states, and chemical forms of heavy metals in coal mine spoils. The results demonstrate that the mobility of heavy metals in coal mine spoils depends not only on their existing states and the stability of their host minerals but also on the properties of the coal mine spoils. In the process of coal mine spoils-water interaction, sulfides that contain heavy metals first break down and release metals, which are then adsorbed and complexed by the iron oxyhydroxide colloid resulting from pyrite oxidization and organic matter. During the natural weathering of coal mine spoils, only a small fraction of these metals are released to the environment, and most of them still remains in the residual material # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this research, the use of clay bearing diatomites from Kütahya-Alayunt region in cement production as puzzolanic materials was investigated. Cements were produced by adding clay bearing dioatomites to the cement body by 5%, 10%, and 20% and grinding them together with clinker materials. After the tests, it was found that 10% and 20% clayed diatomite addition could be used in 42.5-class cement production. İf the strength of portland cement clinker was about 50 N/mm 2 . By utilizing this material, less clinker4 produced at 1450 o C will be needed which means lower emission rates causing environmental pollutions and a special type of cement can be obtained by using diatomite for lower specific gravity, heat and noise insulation

Currently, the need for mobility can cause significant pollution levels in cities, with important effects on health and quality of life. Any approach to the study of urban pollution and its effects requires an analysis of spatial distribution and temporal variability. It is a crucial dilemma to obtain proven methodologies that allow an increase in the quality of the prediction and the saving of resources in the spatial and temporal sampling. This work proposes a new analytical methodology in the study of temporal structure. As a result, a model for estimating annual levels of urban traffic noise was proposed. The average errors are less than one decibel in all acoustics indicators. A new working methodology of urban noise has begun. Additionally, a general application can be found for the study of the impacts of pollution associated with traffic, with implications for urban design and possibly in economic and sociological aspects.

Daily 24-hour PM 2.5 samples were collected continuously from January 1 to December 31, 2010. Elemental concentrations from Al to Pb were obtained using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method. This was the first full year continuous daily PM 2.5 elemental composition dataset in Beijing. Source apportionment analysis was conducted on this dataset using the positive matrix factorization method. Seven sources and their contributions to the total PM 2.5 mass were identified and quantified. These include secondary sulphur-13.8 μg/m 3 , 26.5%; vehicle exhaust-8.9 μg/m 3 , 17.1%; fossil fuel combustion-8.3 μg/m 3 , 16%; road dust-6.6 μg/m 3 , 12.7%; biomass burning-5.8 μg/m 3 , 11.2%; soil dust-5.4 μg/m 3 , 10.4%; and metal processing-3.1 μg/m 3 , 6.0%. Fugitive dusts (including soil dust and road dust) showed the highest contribution of 20.7 μg/m 3 in the spring, doubling those in other seasons. On the contrary, contributions of the combustion source types (including biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion) were significantly higher in the fall (14.2 μg/m 3 ) and in the winter (24.5 μg/m 3 ) compared to those in the spring and summer (9.6 and 8.0 μg/m 3 , respectively). Secondary sulphur contributed the most in the summer while vehicle exhaust and metal processing sources did not show any clear seasonal pattern. The different seasonal highs and lows from different sources compensated each other. This explains the very small seasonal variations (< 20%) in the total PM 2.5 .

Three different studies are reported concerning the environmental pollution caused by viruses in Albania. The first study describes an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the capital city, involving 2,722 children attending the Paediatric Unit of Tirana Hospital. The age group with the highest morbidity was 0-5 years, with 89.5%; no fatalities were recorded during the outbreak. Rotavirus was detected in 26/28 faecal samples by RT-PCR, although astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were also present. The second study describes an outbreak of hepatitis A virus involving the city of Lac. Two hundred cases were recorded, with the highest incidence in the age-group 5-9 years. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1/2A region showed the presence of a unique sequence: genotype IA. Rotavirus was identified in drinking-water samples collected during the outbreak. The third study describes the prevalence of HAV and HEV in 202 sera randomly collected from 12 different cities in Albania. HAV showed a high...

Metal concentrations in soils are locally quite high, and are still increasing due to many human activities, leading to elevated risk for health and the environment. Phytoremediation may oer a viable solution to this problem, and the approach is gaining increasing interest. Improvement of plants by genetic engineering, i.e. by modifying characteristics like metal uptake, transport and accumulation as well as metal tolerance, opens up new possibilities for phytoremediation. So far, only a few cases have been reported where one or more of these characteristics have been successfully altered; e.g. mercuric ion reduction causing improved resistance and phytoextraction, and metallothionein causing enhanced cadmium tolerance. These, together with other approaches and potentially promising genes for transformation of target plants are discussed.

Global economic growth is intrinsically linked to energy consumption, with fossil fuels accounting for over threequarters of total energy use. A longstanding debate centers on the relationship between economic growth and CO₂ emissions, particularly regarding the potential to decouple growth from emissions. This study examines this relationship using World Bank data from 193 countries over the period 1965-2023. The analysis reveals a strong positive correlation between GDP per capita, energy consumption (r = 0.99), and CO₂ emissions, indicating that economic growth is closely tied to increasing energy use and emissions. Global energy consumption has grown by an average of 7.6 Exajoules annually, representing a 2% rise per year. Stationarity tests show that all variables are non-stationary in their level form but become stationary after first differencing. Cointegration analysis indicates a long-run equilibrium among the variables. VAR and Granger causality tests suggest that while past values influence each variable, short-term interactions remain weak. These findings highlight the need for structural changes and transformative policies to decouple economic growth from carbon emissions.

High consumption of water has resulted in a worldwide water disaster. The bulk of Bangladesh's textile industry is still not following the circular economy at the needed level. During the past two decades, as production and demand increased, so did the sector's usage of resources and energy to meet the objective of generating foreign currency, making it very difficult to achieve sustainability goals by 2030. This work investigates the possibilities of environmentally friendly alternative water sources in the coloration of cotton (cellulosic) and polyester (synthetic) fabrics. The standard recipe for three different shades % focused on their color fastness to rubbing, wash, and perspiration. Compared with groundwater or conventional water sources by the Bangladeshi industry, the result is amazing for sea, river, and rainwater. Though cotton fabrics show very poor color fastness properties 2-3 in most cases, polyester showed excellent results 4-5. It has also been discovered that in all circumstances, the same formula generates around 40-60% of the same qualities as traditional coloration with no additional adjustments to the recipe. This investigation determined that industrial dyeing processes may be realistically transferred into different water mediums to reduce groundwater use and achieve responsible consumption and sustainable development goals (SDG 12).

Here we report on the utilization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for determination of Quantum Dots (QDs) in liquid solution. The process of optimization of experimental conditions from choosing the carrier medium to application of colloid QDs is described. The main goal was to get the best possible signal to noise ratio. The results obtained from the measurements confirmed the capability of LIBS technique for qualitative and afterwards quantitative determination of QDs in liquid solution.

Screening and characterization of phenol degrading bacterial isolates from the soils and sewage samples of desert regions of Rajasthan was performed under batch cultivation. The degradation studies were monitored by the consumption of NADH and it was found that maximum degradation was achieved at 50°C. Out of nine phenol adapted oxygenase producing cultures, four cultures BISR 00T1, BISR 00T3, BISR 00T5 and BISR 00T8 showed maximum enzymatic activity. Various biochemical tests were also performed for their characterization.

C60 fullerene (C60) is a nano-pollutant that can damage the respiratory system. Eugenol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the time course of C60 emulsion-induced pulmonary and spermatic harms, as well as the effect of eugenol on C60 emulsion toxicity. The first group of mice (protocol 1) received intratracheally C60 emulsion (1.0 mg/kg BW) or vehicle and were tested at 12, 24, 72 and 96 h (F groups) thereafter. The second group of mice (protocol 2) received intratracheally C60 emulsion or vehicle, 1 h later were gavaged with eugenol (150 mg/kg) or vehicle, and experiments were done 24 h after instillation. Lung mechanics, morphology, redox markers, cytokines and epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. Protocol 1: Tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were significantly higher in F24 than in others groups, except for H in F72. Morphological and inflammatory parameters were worst at 24 h and subsequently declined until 96 h, whereas redox and spermatic parameters worsened over the whole period. Eugenol eliminated the increase in G, H, cellularity, and cytokines, attenuated oxidative stress induced by C60 exposure, but had no effect on sperm. Hence, exposure to C60 emulsion deteriorated lung morphofunctional, redox and inflammatory characteristics and increased the risk of infertility. Furthermore, eugenol avoided those changes, but did not prevent sperm damage.

The goal of the activity described in the paper is to develop a smart air pollution identification system. The use of artificial intelligence, using the analysis of surface images of selected air pollution indicators to build a machine learning algorithm, allowed to develop an inexpensive and effective method of identifying hazardous substances. What was used to build the model, were scanning electron microscopy images of two-year-old needles of Pinus sylvestris L. Scots pine from representative research catchments of the national network of Integrated Monitoring of the Natural Environment and from selected locations with specific urban, industrial and transport pressure. The system enhances pollutant classification by incorporating SEM imagery combined with EDS for chemical characterization. The microscopy images were processed in a graphics programme, so that the particles classified based on their size, shape and chemical composition had the same attribute (colour). The layers (masks) used were an appropriate element to develop a machine learning algorithm identifying pollutants divided into previously defined categories. The use of neural networks to build a self-learning algorithm allowed to optimise the analysis of deposited pollutants imaged on the surface of pine needles. The developed system for identifying natural and anthropogenic particles in the form of categorised layers provides a high-level prediction efficiency. This study aims to bridge the gap between traditional bioindication techniques and AI-powered environmental assessment, thus contributing to academic research on machine learning applications in air pollution monitoring.

This study focusses on a short-term characterisation of atmospheric aerosols from three locations in southeast of Poland with different land use characteristics, population density and sources of pollution (Katowice: urban-industrial; Strzyżowice near Lublin: rural; Kielce: urban). Twenty-four hour PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples were collected on the quartz filter and their chemical compositions were monitored and measured using OCEC thermo-optical analysis and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The highest concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were measured at the urban-industrial area in Katowice (29.6 µg • m-3 and 31.0 µg • m-3 , respectively), whereas the highest organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) levels were observed at the Kielce urban site (23.3 ± 4.2 µg and 3.6 ± 0.3 µg, respectively). The lowest values were obtained at the rural site for PM 2.5 (10.4 ± 2.7 µg • m-3) and PM 10 (11.8 ± 2.7 µg • m-3) and for OC (17.8 ± 1.6 µg) and EC (1.0 ± 0.1 µg). SEM-EDS analysis of samples from Kielce allows identification of internal chemical mixtures of carbon, silicon, calcium, chlorine, sodium and aluminium.

The subject of studies was one-year-old needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), collected from various characteristic landscape zones of Poland, reflecting different conditions of air pollutant emission and deposition (Integrated Monitoring of the Natural Environment base stations, industrial centers, and large cities). Analyses were carried out using a Quanta 250 FEI scanning electron microscope equipped with an EDAX Genesis X-ray spectroscopy microanalyzer. The needle surfaces were examined to identify natural structures (e.g., stomata, pollen, fungi) and anthropogenic structures (e.g., particulates with heavy metals) under conditions of diversified anthropopressure. In samples from areas with no significant local pollution sources (Wigry, Borecka Forest, Parsęta, Tuchola Forest), particles of mineral origin (resulting from rock weathering) containing Si, Al, Ca were identified. Needles collected in Roztocze, Łysogóry, Kampinos and Karkonosze, contained round technogenic particles (spherules) containing Fe, Al and Si, which had traveled significant distances. In Katowice, Poznań and Kraków, particles deposited on the bioindicators' surfaces were composed of Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, and other heavy metals. Micrographs obtained from the analysis were used to develop a model for identifying air pollutants using artificial intelligence.

The production activities of oil refineries and oil and gas-producing enterprises inevitably have an anthropogenic impact on the environment, so environmental issues and the rational use of natural resources are important. The most dangerous pollutants of all components in the natural environment are oil waste, and one of the most effective methods of processing is heat treatment. The task was set to neutralize oil waste by thermal processing of oil slime to an environmentally safe level. The studies are carried out by methods of mathematical and numerical simulation of thermal processing, the results of which describe changes in temperature and mass of the stream over time. Extensive calculations with varying current operating and other parameters allow us to optimize the flow of heat and mass transfer during the thermal processing of oil slime. Numerical modeling is implemented using the method of alternating directions in an implicit iterative scheme until a convergence condition...

The use of chemical pesticides and herbicides has increased environmental pollution and affected ichthyofauna in the watersheds where they are used. We studied the effect of an herbicide, triazine, on the kidneys of two species (Caquetaia kraussii and Colossomna macropomum) widely found in Caribbean and South American rivers. In Venezuela, these species are abundant and have a high aquaculture potential because they may be cultured and reproduced in captivity. Four kidney samples from juveniles of each species exposed to the herbicide were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Kidney tubule alterations included loss of plasmalemma and cell interdigitations, misshaped mitochondria, decrease in rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polysomes, and the presence of autophagic vacuoles and primary lysosomes. These alterations at the cellular level may explain fish behaviour in terms of kidney tubule pathology, and relative amounts and conditions of organelles within affected cells.

il and gas extraction generates economic benefits, which leads to jubilation among the people of Kolmani. However, the lack of awareness regarding the detrimental environmental consequences of unsustainable oil and gas extraction renders this jubilation worthless. It is on this drawback that this review paper presents experiences of the environmentally unsustainable impact of oil and gas extractions pictorially, in order to build a sense of environmental safety, consciousness, and a desire for a sustainable environment. To achieve this, experiences of the Niger Delta expressed through militancy where militants attacked oil and gas installations, a response to the feelings of being exploited and demanded a share of the revenue, kidnapping, and hostage-taking, a tactic in getting the government to address their grievances, secure release of detained members and for ransom, vandalization of oil and gas installations a consistent strategy used to command government attention, oil bunkering an illegally siphoning oil from the pipelines, loss of livelihood sources affecting the social and economic lives of the people, the degraded environment which posed health risks and reduced biodiversity, and water pollution which contaminate the drinking water and harmed the aquatic life were reviewed and presented pictorially. It is therefore concluded that environmental safety and sustainability are essential for present and future generations and recommend ways to protect the environment from oil and gas activities, such as community awareness, conflict resolution, regulatory enforcement, and environmental impact assessment.

Gunumuzde cevre sorunlarinin dunyayi tehdit ettigi artik bilinen bir gercektir. Cevre sorunlarinin basinda ilk olarak cevre kirliligi gelmektedir. Kirlilik sorunu kendini kuresel duzeyden bolgesel ve yerel duzeye her duzeyde gostermektedir. Cesitli tedbirlerle onlenmeye calisilsa da gelisen teknoloji ve sosyoekonomik sartlardan dolayi kirlilik artmaktadir. Hava kirliligi, su kirliligi, atiklar, toprak kirliligi gibi sorunlar yerel duzeyden cikip bolgesel duzeyde, daha sonra da kuresel duzeyde etkili olmaktadir. Bu baglamda yerel ve bolgesel duzeyde cevre kirliligi sorunlarinin da en az kuresel olanlar kadar etkili oldugu gorulmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu calismada yerel ve bolgesel duzeydeki cevre kirliligi sorunlarindan hava, su, toprak, gurultu kirliligi ve atiklar sorunu Elazig ili ozelinde incelenmeye calisilacaktir

Technology has made the life of Bangladeshi people very flexible with new inventions. Here the people depend on technological devices. These devices, along with various facilities, have also invited a series of problems mostly due to the lack of proper management. The Bangladeshi citizens often leave electronic devices that went bad or became unusable, in landfills, rivers, canals, and open spaces. As these devices possess a variety of toxic substances, dumping huge amounts of electronic waste can pollute the environment and threaten human health. As a result, it is important to take the required measures to prevent potential e-waste-related problems. In spite of the alarming levels of e-pollution in Bangladesh, the concerned authorities are yet to take any effective step or formulate any legislation to prevent the existing e-pollution. Moreover, the prevailing environmental laws are not adequate to address the issue and its application are still largely absent.

Gyps vultures across India are declining rapidly and the NSAID diclofenac has been shown to be the major cause. Vultures scavenge livestock carcasses that have been treated with diclofenac within the days preceding death. We present data on diclofenac disposition in Indian cow and goat, and field data on the prevalence of diclofenac in carcases in the environment. In the disposition experiment, animals were treated with a single intramuscular injection of diclofenac at 1000 mg kg À1 bw. In cow, diclofenac was detectable in liver, kidney and intestine up to 71 h post-treatment; in plasma, half-life was 12.2 h. In goat, tissue residues were undetectable after 26 h. Prevalence of diclofenac in liver from 36 dead livestock collected in the field was 13.9%. Data suggest that diclofenac residues in Indian cow and goat are short-lived, but diclofenac prevalence in carcasses available to vultures may still be very high.

A produção de resíduos sólidos é crescente e a disposição final correta é importante para evitar a degradação ambiental. Infelizmente a apenas alguns anos no Brasil os descartes finais dos resíduos sólidos pela Política Nacional dos Residuos Sólidos (PNRS) devem ser realizadas de maneira correta nos aterros sanitários. Devido haver colocação de resíduos em local inapropriado, como os lixões, que após a PNRS deveria ser desativados, assim como a área recuperada ambientalmente e implantado aterro sanitário. Nesse contexto a presente pesquisa foi realizada objetivando-se avaliar os impactos ambientais em área de disposição final dos resíduos sólidos no município de Campina Grande. Foram realizadas visitas in loco, com registro fotográfico, através do método Ad Hoc e check list na área. Foram contatados que não houve remoção dos resíduos sólidos do local, apesar da área esta desativada a anos, com atividade microbiológica e produção de gases. Foram observados vários locais com acumulo de chorume. Foi detectado em dois pontos 4 ppm do gás sulfídrico. O solo e os corpos hídricos próximos estão poluídos, sendo preocupante a utilização da área pela população próxima. É preocupante a situação atual do lixão desativado de Camina Grande-PB, sendo importante um plano de recuperação da área.

Municipal solid waste landfills are mostly bordering on rural areas and may to cause the environmental degradation. Therefore, the issue of monitoring and assessment of negative landfill impact on bordering areas, including agricultural land, is relevant. The aim of the study is monitoring and assessment of landfill impact on air pollution,
soil contamination, pollutants content of leachate from landfills. Monitoring of air pollution was measured on the soil sites situated at the landfill, at the border between landfill and agricultural areas, at the distance of 200 m from the landfill. The following pollutants were investigated: CO2 , NO2, NH3, H2S, C7H8, C₈H₁₀, dust. Monitoring of
soil contamination was measured at the border between landfill and agricultural areas; at the distance of 50, 100, 200 and 500 m from the landfill. The following pollutants were investigated: Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, petroleum products. Monitoring of leachate pollution was conducted by following pollutants: NO2 −, NO3-, NH4, SO₄²-, Cl-, Fe, Cu, Pb,Zn, Ni, PO₄³⁻, petroleum products, surface active substance. Sampling of the leachate was carried out at the territory of the landfill. The results of our study show that 90% of studied landfills are in close proximity to agricultural land and have technogenic impact on the bordering areas. The assessment of landfill impact on atmospheric air
established the exceeding of MPC of all investigated pollutants at the border between landfill and agricultural land. Exceeding of the MPC of pollutants in atmospheric air at a distance of 200 m and more have not been established. The assessment of landfill impact on soil contamination established the exceeding of MPC of heavy metals and
petroleum products at the border between landfill and agricultural land and at a  istance of 50 m and 100 m from landfills. Exceeding of the MPC of heavy metals and petroleum products in the soil at a distance of 200 m and more has not been established. The results of the assessment of leachate from landfill sites show the exceeding of MPC of investigated pollutants for 60% studied areas. This creates an additional chemical load on groundwater, soils and can lead to decreasing the quality of agricultural products which grown in technogenic pressured areas. Thus, our
research confirmed the existence of a threat to environmental and food security on areas, bordering on the landfills.

Two methods for urban noise mapping have been applied to the city of Cáceres (Spain). One of them is the usual grid method described in the ISO-1996. The other one is the categorization method, recently described. A comparison between the results obtained for both methods is presented. For both methods the distribution of samples in intervals of Leq, and their relations with the flux of traffic have been studied, showing appreciable differences.

Coal combustion power stations generate huge quantities of ash annually; thus, utilization of such waste residues is an important and essential component for sustainable disposal and management. This paper summarizes an investigation carried out on the coal combustion residues (CCRs) collected from Cachar Paper Mill, Assam, India. A thorough characterization of ash has been carried out with respect to its physicochemical, mineralogical, and morphological features by using density determination, loss on ignition (LOI) determination, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive X-ray, etc.. The coarser fraction appears to contain a high percentage of char, semicoked/coked carbonaceous particles, and exceptionally high LOI (86%) values. The carbonaceous matters contain some aliphatic carbon, which implies incomplete combustion. For correlating the total characteristic features, various experiments were performed based on which a number of possible potential utilization directions were suggested. Furthermore, the coarser particles showed excellent water-holding capacities (WHCs, 400%) and good adsorption capabilities, due to the presence of micro-and macropores.

Decision on end-of-life product recovery options is affected by many factors; related to amount usage of appropriate raw materials, energy, environmental factors and etc. This paper provides a model that is different from previous ones in its inclusion of all environmental effective parameters such as raw materials, clean technology, emission, energy, and waste simultaneously. Because of, supplying standard raw material, increasing using clean technology, decreasing amount of emission, optimizing used energy, recycling, and appropriate disposal products methods are required for used goods without damaging the environment by designing an efficient closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network that as mentioned before, are simultaneously considered in the proposed model. We present a holistic modeling approach for a multiple-objective green CLSC network. The results confirm that by selecting appropriate raw materials, using clean technology and optimizing used energy can minimize manufacturing costs, in addition, they decline disposal products to cause environmental pollution.

Decision on end-of-life product recovery options is affected by many factors; related to amount usage of appropriate raw materials, energy, environmental factors and etc. This paper provides a model that is different from previous ones in its inclusion of all environmental effective parameters such as raw materials, clean technology, emission, energy, and waste simultaneously. Because of, supplying standard raw material, increasing using clean technology, decreasing amount of emission, optimizing used energy, recycling, and appropriate disposal products methods are required for used goods without damaging the environment by designing an efficient closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network that as mentioned before, are simultaneously considered in the proposed model. We present a holistic modeling approach for a multiple-objective green CLSC network. The results confirm that by selecting appropriate raw materials, using clean technology and optimizing used energy can minimize manufactur...

Global environmental pollution presents formidable obstacles to the long-term viability of the planet. This study synthesized current relevant literature with statistical snapshots from pollution statistics and reports and presented feasible recommendations to address the ramifications of global environmental pollution. A central focus is laid on the importance of preventive environmental management (PEM) and the strategic enforcement of environmental policies (EP), with a detailed exploration of history evolution and current application challenges. Specifically, the study centers on the significance of environmental policy and preventive environmental management in combatting global pollution. The examination encompasses an overview of environmental pollution and its implications for the environment and human health. It explores the role of environmental policy in mitigating environmental pollution, scrutinizes the principles underlying preventive environmental management, and evaluates the effectiveness of environmental management systems in curbing pollution. Furthermore, the study identifies and analyzes the challenges of implementing environmental control techniques, offering recommendations to overcome these obstacles. The outcomes of this research contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the potential of environmental control methods in tackling global environmental pollution. The study underscores the crucial nature of robust environmental policies and proactive approaches to prevent pollution and foster sustainable development. Additionally, it offers insights into the necessity for collaboration and cooperation among stakeholders at various levels to attain effective pollution control and environmental management.

The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has increased rapidly in urban China since 2000. There has been limited study of associations between home environmental and lifestyle factors with asthma and symptoms of allergic disease in China. In a cross-sectional analysis of 2,214 children in Beijing, we applied a two-step hybrid Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm to identify environmental and lifestyle-related factors associated with asthma, rhinitis and wheeze from a wide range of candidates. We used group LASSO to select variables, using cross-validation as the criterion.

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pesticides -2,4-D (herbicide), endosulfan (insecticide) and dithane M-45 (fungicide) at their field application rates (1.0, 2.0 and 1.5 kg a.i ha -1 ), respectively, on the available Diethyl Triamine Pentacetic acid (DTPA) extractable copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) along with the population of viable bacteria and fungi in new alluvial soil (Typic haplustepts). The results reveal that as compared to control, 2,4-D effectuated a significant increase in the population of total bacteria (up to 21.1%) and fungi (33.7%) besides available Cu (21.7%) and Zn(119.4%) during later stages and Mn (8.7%) almost throughout the incubation period though there was significant progressive immobilization of Cu (17.7%) during initial stages. Endosulfan, contrarily caused significant reduction of total bacteria (up to 18.4%), fungi (13.1%) and immobilization of Zn (42.1%) during later stages, Cu (10.3%) in the intermediary stage and Mn (64.7%) almost throughout. Dithane M-45, however, resulted in a significant increase in available Cu (13.2%) and Mn (3.38%) in the intermediary stage in spite of inducing detrimental influence on fungi (18.7%) and immobilization of Zn (12.9%) during intermediary stage and Mn in early (3.0%) and late stages (6.7%) of incubation. Among the pesticides used in the investigation, the performance of herbicide (2,4-D) was encouraging in almost every aspect.