Environmental Law

International humanitarian law consists of different rules that are used for protecting people and restricting the methods of warfare. The application of international humanitarian law is not only limited to the protection of victims related to armed conflicts during the outbreak of hostilities; however, it is also helpful for protecting the victims of these conflicts, including environment. The legal rules for the protection of environment in armed conflict also provide legal protection for the environment during the outbreak of hostilities. The study is divided into several sections, starting from environmental damage in the context of warfare. Afterward, the study discusses the importance of preventive measures in armed conflicts. Furthermore, the properties of prevention protection of environment are discussed including cultural property, engineering installations and protected areas near hospitals and safety zones. The study has shown positive consequences of preventive protect...

Under the proposed renewables Directive, Member States would commit to delivering additional renewable energy so that collectively they would generate 20% of energy from renewable sources by 2020. The requirements for each Member State are linked to their GDP. The Proposal offers two options for inter–Member State cooperation, based upon the assumption that it may be advantageous to develop additional renewables in countries with good resource basis to meet the target in countries with higher GDP. Either Member States can transfer guarantees of origin for renewables between governments or they can implement a system for private international trade of guarantees of origin. The paper discusses the economic and legal implications for national support schemes and suggests possible extensions and amendments to enhance legal certainty for investors. The Proposal also makes provision for national action plans to support Member States in the implementation of national frameworks. We discuss...

Part of the Climate Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Public Policy Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, State and Local Government Law Commons, Urban Studies and Planning Commons, Water Law Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is one of the most attractive investment destinations with the highest degree of openness and the strongest economic vitality in China. This paper phases out the current state and prospect of environmental regulation in the GBA, especially unscramble the risks of environmental infringement and the benefits of proactively taking environmental responsibility from the standpoint of multinational corporations. Within the applicable environmental stipulates in international investment arbitration, the problems of the domestic environmental legislation, justice and governance include legislation gaps, professional barriers to the application of provisions in the judiciary, and the breadth of administrative powers. The underlying causes of these risks include the complexity of the environmental litigation triad, the unpredictability of the transition policies, and the all-encompassing developing of international investment arbitration. Against thi...

Este artigo enfrenta a importância da educação ambiental e seu reflexo para a sociedade, a execução do direito humano e fundamental a um meio ambiente equilibrado, incluindo os aspectos jurídicos, o necessário exercício da cidadania para este fim e sua relação com o acesso à informação sobre questões ambientais. Sustenta que o processo de formação ambiental complexa, transdisciplinar, dentro e fora da escola, pode ser uma ferramenta para o almejado princípio, objetivo e urgente paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável. A participação cidadã é um valoroso instrumento a ser alcançado com uso de instrumentos jurídicos que podem ser utilizados por meios judiciais e administrativos, entre eles a ação popular e o acesso às informações ambientais em razão de garantias constitucionais e normas infraconstitucionais. Ademais, a Administração Pública tem a responsabilidade legal de executar programas e ações efetivas e eficientes para uma educação ambiental planetária com a colaboração do Esta...

Du point de vue de la biodiversité spécifique, «Madagascar est l'un des endroits les plus riches de la planète. 5 % des espèces réperto¬ riées dans le monde s'y retrouvent et l'on y dénombre, rien qu'en plantes à fleurs, pas moins de 8 000 espèces endémiques » *. Cette île qui représente moins de 2 % de la surface totale de l'Afrique, est pourtant le foyer d'un quart des espèces africaines. Mais par dessus tout, 80 % de sa flore et de sa faune ne se retrouvent nulle part ailleurs dans le monde2. Ce «joyau précieux de la planète»3 est pourtant menacé. «Une démographie galopante s'ajoutant à la persistance de la pauvreté et au faible contrôle de l'État entraînent l'assaut frontal de la plus exceptionnelle source de biodiversité de la planète»4.

Permissive Intervention. Upon timely application anyone may be permitted to intervene in an action: (1) when a statute of the United States confers a conditional right to intervene; or '(2) when an applicant's claim or defense and the main action have a question of law or fact in common. When a party to an action relies for ground of claim or defense upon any statute or executive order administered by a federal or state governmental officer or agency or upon any regulation, order, requirement or agreement issued or made pursuant to the statute or executive order, the officer or agency upon timely application may be permitted to intervene in the action. In exercising its discretion the court shall consider whether the intervention will unduly delay or prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the original parties. 6 FED. R. Civ. P. 24(a). Intervention of Right. Upon timely application anyone shall be permitted to intervene in an action: (1) when a statute of the United States confers an unconditional right to intervene; or (2) when the applicant claims an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject of the action and he is so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede his ability to protect that interest, unless the applicant's interest is adequately represented by existing parties. 7 For a general treatment of intervention in administrative law see DAVIs, AMINISTRATIVE

There is now a worldwide collective obligation, a reality, to acknowledge environmental challenges. The paper discusses and analyses the principles of international environmental laws and how those are applied in international conventions and treaties, and the effectiveness and weaknesses of those laws. This discussion mainly focuses on the principles’ backdrop, what they mean, and how they have been adopted in international environmental law. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the outcomes of formulating the principles and enforcement of the legal framework. It analyses their prospect to strengthen the legal framework to achieve the objective of these principles. Besides, some recommendations have been made to strengthen these legal frameworks. It shows why it is essential to form efficient environmental platforms in present climate issues and how all nations can be brought under a common platform where they can take decisions regarding the safeguard amid the evolving environmental ...

The purpose of the present draft articles is to facilitate an adequate and effective response to disasters that meets the essential needs of the persons concerned, with full respect for their rights. Draft Article 3 [3] (Definition of disaster) Draft Article 3 [3] Definition of disaster "Disaster" means a calamitous event or series of events resulting in widespread loss of life, great human suffering and distress, or large-scale material or environmental damage, thereby seriously disrupting the functioning of society. Draft Articles 8 [5] and 9 [5 bis] (Duty to cooperate; Forms of cooperation) Draft Article 8 [5] Duty to cooperate In accordance with the present draft articles, States shall, as appropriate, cooperate among themselves, and with the United Nations and other competent intergovernmental organizations, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross, and with relevant non-governmental organizations. For the purposes of the present draft articles, cooperation includes humanitarian assistance, coordination of international relief actions and communications, and making available relief personnel, equipment and goods, and scientific, medical and technical resources. Draft Article 10 [5 ter] Cooperation shall extend to the taking of measures intended to reduce the risk of disasters. Duty to reduce the risk of disasters 1. Each State shall reduce the risk of disasters by taking the necessary and appropriate measures, including through legislation and regulations, to prevent, mitigate, and prepare for disasters. 2. Disaster risk reduction measures include the conduct of risk assessments, the collection and dissemination of risk and past loss information, and the installation and operation of early warning systems. Draft Article 16 [12] (Offers of external assistance) Draft Article 16 [12] In responding to disasters, States, the United Nations, and other competent intergovernmental organizations have the right to offer assistance to the affected State. Relevant non-governmental organizations may also offer assistance to the affected State.

The rule of law is arguable the single most essential dimension of quality democracy; it is virtually synonymous with democracy. It is the anchor upon which all other dimensions of the quality of democracy depend for substance, enforceability, effectiveness, and meaning. The literature on the rule of law leaves little room for doubt as to its seminal importance. Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan view the rule of law as an “indispensable condition.” Guillermo O’Donnell believes that “the rule of law works intimately with other dimensions of the quality of democracy.” In his mind, “the rule of law is among the essential pillars upon which any high quality democracy rests. Without a vigorous rule of law, defended by an independent judiciary, rights are not safe and the equality and dignity of all citizens are at risk.” He adds: only under the rule of law “will the various agencies of electoral, societal, and horizontal accountability function effectively, without obstruction and intimidat...

The Great Recession has provided a natural experiment and data for which to test Keynesian theory as well reignited the debate of the effectiveness of stimulus policy during recessions. In response to the proposition of expansionary stimulus, proponents of austerity have cited recent studies purporting austerity to also be expansionary. This paper provides an overview of the theoretical underpinnings and merits of these policy choices and argues based on current trends in economic indicators that stimulus was the appropriate action given the specific circumstances of the Great Recession. A comparative analysis is conducted of trends in economic indicators for the United States, United Kingdom, and euro area to evaluate which policy was more effective. Findings of this research show that initial stimulus measures in the U.K. and euro area were insufficient and austerity policy prolonged their recession’s impact. Findings of this research also support the narrative that the larger and...

36 páginasPrevenir implica realizar una serie de acciones dirigidas a atender de manera temprana factores que han sido identificados por un sujeto como relevantes para lograr en el futuro un objetivo concreto. En el derecho ambiental la acción preventiva se considera un principio central, guía de la acción hacia la evitación del daño ambiental y fundamento hermenéutico de la labor legislativa, ejecutiva y judicial; su relevancia es tal que el Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea y constituciones de países como Ecuador, Guatemala, Panamá, República Dominicana y Colombia hacen referencia a la necesidad de prevenir y controlar los factores de deterioro ambiental. A pesar de su relevancia, la cercanía del principio de prevención al principio de precaución ha hecho que desde la jurisprudencia y desde la decisión administrativa se haya privilegiado el análisis del segundo y paulatinamente se haya dejado de destacar la relevancia de este principio estructural.Prevention implies carrying out a series of actions aimed at addressing early on factors that have been identified by a subject as relevant to achieving a specific objective in the future. In environmental law, preventive action is considered a central principle, a guide for action to avoid environmental damage and a hermeneutic foundation for legislative, governmental and judicial work; its relevance is such that the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the constitutions of countries such as Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, the Dominican Republic and Colombia refer to the need to prevent and control the factors of environmental deterioration. Despite its relevance, the proximity of the principle of prevention to the principle of precaution has meant that jurisprudence and administrative decisions have privileged the analysis of the precautionary principle and have gradually ceased to highlight the relevance of the prevention principle

O PNQS – Premio Nacional da Qualidade em Saneamento, da Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental (ABES) e Associacao Interamericana de Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental (AIDIS), e considerado uma importante ferramenta de benchmarking na gestao dos servicos de saneamento do Brasil, para melhoria das praticas do setor. Desde 2001, o PNQS ado- tou o diagnostico do desempenho das operadoras com base em indicadores. Esses indicadores adotados podem ser empregados para visualizar o compromisso das operadoras com a univer- salizacao. Este fato foi verificado ao analisar os indicadores a luz dos fatores relevantes da pratica do setor de saneamento visando a universalizacao e, especificamente, o atendimento das popu- lacoes vulneraveis. Verificou-se que 39 dos 79 indicadores existentes permitem avaliar as acoes no sentido da universalizacao, embora exista um desequilibrio na distribuicao desses indicadores entre as dimensoes e criterios utilizados.

The major energy characteristics of energy in Palestine are non-availability and extraction of natural resource, unstable political, financial issues and population growth which means that there is no security energy situation in Palestine. There is no developed domestic energy resource; it is heavily depending on important of energy sources from other countries. The Israel Electric Company (IEC) has dominated imported of electricity by 95.72% of the total of electrical energy imported in 2015. In general, lightly subsidized of energy sources and it can be comparison with neighborhood countries. In this paper taking research on three renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy in many considerations are geography characteristics, projects are implemented, the strategy for 2020 are prepared by the Palestinian Energy Authority (PEA), drawbacks of this energy sources. Finally, the recommendations can be taken in consideration to development the renewable e...

Keberadaan lingkungan merupakan salah satu tanggungjawab yang harus dilaksanakan manusia, sebab manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya tidak bisa hidup tanpa lingkungan. Semakin meningkatnya pengetahuan dan teknologi, seharusnya diikuti juga dengan kemajuan tingkat kesadaran manusia terhadap lingkungan yang semakin terancam keberadaannya. Sayangnya, yang memiliki kesadaran hukum akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan tidak pada semua orang, maka dalam usaha menjaga lingkungan seringkali ditemukan masalah seperti kriminalisasi atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan SLAPP. Tindakan SLAPP pada awalnya bisa dikatakan sebagai sebuah tindakan pembalasan berupa gugatan saja. Di Indonesia sendiri, tindakan SLAPP dapat berupa tindakan kekerasan, kriminalisasi (melalui proses pidana yang tidak layak atau dipaksakan), ancaman kekerasan (intimidasi) dan gugatan perdata. Salah satu tindakan SLAPP yang paling sering dilakukan adalah kriminalisasi dengan tujuan untuk menghambat atau menghalangi partisipasi masya...

This monograph explores the complex interplay between sustainable development and artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing the need to align technological innovation with environmental and human rights protections. As the global community confronts the dual challenges of climate change and digital transformation, AI emerges as both a promising tool and a potential risk for achieving sustainability goals. The monograph critically examines how AI can contribute to climate action, resource efficiency, and environmental monitoring, while also addressing the ecological costs of AI development—such as energy consumption, dependence on non-renewable resources, and electronic waste.

Divided into two interconnected parts, the first part examines sustainable development from the perspective of public international law, analysing key legal principles and policy initiatives, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the European Green Deal, and the African Union’s Agenda 2063. The second part focuses on the legal regulation of AI, with attention to the European Union’s AI Act, the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, and relevant norms of international environmental and human rights law.

The monograph argues for the development of normative frameworks that ensure AI governance supports sustainability, intergenerational equity, and the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. By critically assessing existing and emerging legal instruments, the study offers guidance for integrating green ambitions into AI regulation in line with international legal standards.

There is hardly any aspect of human life which is untouched by the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, who was considered the father of India. Like all his thoughts, Gandhi holds spiritual orientation in his economic conception as well. His economic conception advocates decentralisation, small-scale and cottage industries, economic equality, criticism of capitalism and excess of mechanisation. Gandhi criticised the Western mode of lifestyle based on materialism. Gandhi wanted to reduce the dependency of villages on cities and make them self-reliant and self-sufficient. He pointed out that everyone should earn his/her share of bread after rendering required labour only. His criticism of heavy industrialisation and capitalist economy is driven by the objective to ensure prudent utilisation of natural resources and to avoid the accumulation of wealth/property in the hands of a few. Like the conception of Swaraj, his economic conception also advocates for the upliftment of people at the grassroots level, like communism. Also, in no way did Gandhi wish to snatch away the property of the rich but distribute wealth voluntarily in his concept of trusteeship. In this review paper, various principles of the Gandhian model of economic development, such as critique of heavy mechanisation, trusteeship, decentralisation of the economy, Sarvodaya, Swadeshi, education, environmentalism and rural regeneration, and its relevance in the 21st century are explored.

This article aims to discuss the implementation of precautionary principle on the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in Indonesia as well as to identify and evaluate the changes of provisions on precautionary principles related to the use of GMOs as stipulated in the Environmental Law and the later Job Creation Law in Indonesia. This article employs normative legal research that descriptively examines humans, circumstances, and other phenomena to strengthen old theories and support new theories that are still in the drafting stage. It uses secondary data sources consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The result shows that the implementation of precautionary principle on the use of GMOs is based on the Environmental Law and the Job Creation Law which can be seen in the AMDAL. Under the Environmental Law, the implementation of precautionary principle prioritizes the importance of a risk's impact before the activity is carried out. Whereas in ...

Günlerimiz, karşılıklı anlayışla dolu büyük, girift ve gelişmeye devam eden bir dansla geçer. Bir trafik lambasında durur, bir öğün yemeğimizin ödemesini plastik bir kartla yapmayı ister, silâhlarımızı evde bırakır veya bir oy kabinine gireriz. Birkaç çarpışmanın çok yakınında olanca hızla yaşar ve çalışırız: yollarımızda, mahâllerimizde, ibadet alanlarımızda ve iş yerlerimizde. Buralardaki tüm insanlar, her nasılsa baskı altına almaktan çok özgürleştiricidir. Bu işin sırrı, birbirimizden beklediğimiz şeyleri kabaca bilmemizdir. Beklediğimiz şeyleri bilmek, bizi birbirimize alıştırma fırsatı sunar. Beklentileri uyumlu hâle getirme sorumluluğu değil önceden denenmeyenleri deneme özgürlüğü, aynı şekilde büyük bir kazançtır. Bu iki kazanç, karşılıklı birbirini dışlar ancak sözleşme özgürlüğü ile iç içe geçmiş olan mülkiyet hakları, aynı anda her ikisinden de yararlanmamıza imkân tanır. Bizim, pazara giderek uygun fiyata karnıbahar satan birilerini bulabilmemizin mümkün olduğuna güvenimiz tam olduğu gibi aynı şekilde pazara gidip eskisini son teknolojide üretilmiş olan şeylerle değiştirme imkânı sunan birilerini de bulabiliriz. Biz, önceden denemediğimiz şeyleri deneyerek sürekli aşama kaydediyoruz. Biz deneyden geçiyoruz. Deneylerin bir sorunu şudur: onların çoğu işe yaramaz. 1 Ya da denenen düşünceler, kötü düşünceleri dışarıda bırakır. Bu şekilde başarılı bir toplum, bir 1 Bir deneyin başarısız olması ne anlama gelir? ABD'deki restoranların açıldıktan sonra iki yıl içinde yüzde sekseninin kapandığı iddiasını ele alalım. Bunların bazıları iflâs eder ama hepsi, para kaybettiği için kapanıyor değildir.

What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units. Ecological Economics 63.2-3: 616-626. The authors defined ecosystem services as components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed, or used; they suggested that services are end products of nature. They stated that practical units of measurement are stocks (e.g., number of bees), and that services are spatially explicit. Costanza, R., R. d'Arge, R. de Groot, and S. Farber. 1998. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Ecological Economics 25:3-15. The authors estimated the economic value of seventeen ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and some original calculations. The estimated value of the world's ecosystems was US$33 trillion per year, and the authors suggested that this is a minimum estimate due to nature's uncertainties.

Esta práctica genera reacciones encontradas, ya sea de rechazo a la importación y cultivo de estas especies por el posible riesgo ambiental que ello implica, o de fomento, como en los programas de acuicultura nacionales que proponen cultivos "controlados" o extensivos de especies exóticas, 1 con el objetivo de obtener beneficios productivos. En la literatura especializada, el término "exótico" tiene una amplia variedad de sinónimos, que se emplean indistintamente para referirse a los mismos grupos: "alienígenas", no nativas, foráneas, pestes, invasoras, nocivas, no indígena, transfaunadas (en parasitología) o malezas (en agricultura). 2 Algunos autores han propuesto establecer 1

As a presidential candidate, Donald Trump promised to curtail federal environmental regulation and empower the states. Has the Trump Administration made good on these pledges to reinvigorate cooperative federalism and constrain environmental regulatory overreach by the federal government? Perhaps less than one would think. This Essay provides a critical assessment of the Trump Administration's approach to environmental federalism. Despite the Administration's embrace of "cooperative federalism" rhetoric, environmental policy reforms have not consistently embodied a principled approach to environmental federalism in which the state and federal governments are each encouraged to focus resources on areas of comparative advantage.

The occurrence of various cases of environmental pollution is a reflection of the lack of corporate responsibility towards the environment, hence the need for environmental law enforcement. The formulation of the problem in this study is: 1). How is the enforcement of environmental criminal law against corporations after the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management?; 2). What legal obstacles arise in criminal practice if corporations pollute the environment after the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management? This research is normative legal research. The findings in this study show that the implementation of law enforcement is still weak, meaning that the subjective policy of law enforcement to continue criminal acts to further proceedings. Conditions like this are used as opportunities for corporations to do as they want and seek the maximum profit. Therefore, law enforcement must be firm and consistent. The main obstacles that occur in law enforcement practices faced when corporations commit environmental crimes are seven obstacles that affect the enforcement of environmental criminal law including: a). Obstacles to the Human Resource Capability of Law Enforcement is Still Limited; b). Environmental Enforcement Has Not Been a Priority; c). Obstacles to coordination between agencies in handling environmental crimes; d). Obstacles to Law Enforcement Professionalism; e). Obstacles to Facilities or Facilities that Support Law Enforcement; f). Dependence of Environmental Criminal Law Enforcement Application on Administrative Law; g). Criminal Law is still the ultimate remedium in environmental law enforcement.

The purpose of this entry is to carry out a normative review on the regulation of collective rights from a comparative constitutional perspective, with special emphasis on the protection of the environment and nature (concept and types of environmental rights). In addition, the analysis makes some distinctive characteristics emerge both at the legislative and jurisprudential level.

Building on the legal review conducted by WCS in 2021, this report examines a selected set of key elements that provide a basis for the management of transnational marine protected areas. While the report focuses on Kenya and Tanzania, the methods developed for the compilation of national and international legal frameworks, as well as the identification of legal best practices and the assessment of legislation are all designed for use by any country.

The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement of 1992, which is a part of the WTO legal regime, in order to ensure augment international trade in GMOs, provides for ensuring their safety so that they could be acceptable in international market, i.e. it prescribes for a kind of precautionary principle, which is supposed to be adhered to by the WTO Member States. This is well in practice. But some jurists and environmentalists find it trade friendly, which can be detrimental to human health and the environment. Moreover, states, which produce GMOs, like to introduce it quickly; and for that, they perform some kind of risk assessment, which were not be acceptable to some importing countries. This resulted in disputes, which were ultimately resolve, in most of the cases in favour of international trade rather than protection of the environment or ensuring human health, except for where the harm was eminent. Keeping this in mind, the paper conducts a critical appraisal of the PP provisions of the SPS Agreement and offers certain amicable suggestions for improvement on the existing provisions.

Тези Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Збереження національної спадщини та розвиток культурних практик в умовах суспільних викликів (до 130-річчя від дня народження організатора науки, поета, митця Максима Рильського)» (Київ, 19–20 березня 2017 року) / ІМФЕ ім. М. Т. Рильського НАН України.
Київ, 2025. 414 с.

A recent decision of the Waitangi Tribunal granted legal personhood to New Zealand's Whanganui River (appointing guardians to act in its interests). Exploring the impacts of this decision, this column argues that new technologies (such as artificial photosynthesis) may soon be creating policy opportunities not only for legal personhood to be stripped from some artificial persons, but for components of the natural world (such as rivers and other ecosystems) to be granted such enforceable legal rights. Such technologies, if deployed globally, may do this by taking the pressure off ecosystems to be exploited for human profit and survival. It argues that, by also creating normative space for such an expansion of sympathy, global heath law begins to incorporate the vision of planet as patient.

Sustainable development -the idea that human development must be realized in conjunction with a commitment to leave for future generations an environment at least as livable as presently enjoyed -has become a common if not ubiquitous feature in legal expressions at the international, national and subnational levels, culminating in the United Nations setting 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to achieve by 2030. What is not often appreciated is that the core purpose of the SDGs is to advance human dignity, which coheres and complements them. This article explores how the concept of dignity has evolved in law, what it means to environmental protection, and how taking it seriously would contribute to better outcomes in achieving the SDGs. Ultimately, taking due account of human dignity has the power to inform, if not transform, discourse about and implementation of the SDGs.

Dans ma contribution intitulée "Le droit international économique (DIE), une limite à la lutte pénale contre le changement climatique ?", je montre tout d'abord que le DIE a été conçu pour permettre la remise en cause des réglementations d'intérêt général, et notamment les réglementations environnementales. Ce Droit décrit et envisage lui-même la lutte contre le dérèglement climatique et les politiques et mesures environnementales en général, comme une limite à ses principes, que ce soit au commerce déréglementé ou au respect des droits des investisseurs transnationaux. Or, cette manière d’envisager les rapports entre Droit croissantiel et Droit de l’environnement comme un rapport entre principe (pour le premier) et exception (pour le second) est celui qui s’impose en pratique.

Ensuite, je montre qu'il existe des règles et des mécanismes qui peuvent ou pourraient venir en soutien à des lois ou mesures pénales en matière environnementale, y compris devant des tribunaux internationaux garants du libéralisme économique ou de la protection du capital à l’étranger. D'une part, certaines normes ou procédures établies en DIE croissantiel à des fins autres que l’écologie, peuvent être « détournées » à des fins environnementales (les exceptions de sécurité nationale par exemple), voire retournées contre les acteurs pour lesquels elles étaient établies (les clauses de couverture par exemple). D'autre part, il est possible de s’appuyer sur des dispositions et même sur des accords entiers visant à encadrer l’économie à des fins environnementales.

In my contribution entitled “International Economic Law (IEL), a limit to the criminal fight against climate change?”, I first show that IEL was designed to enable the challenging of general interest regulations, including environmental regulations. IEL itself describes and regards the fight against climate change, and environmental policies and measures in general, as a limit to its principles, whether it be deregulated trade or respect for the rights of transnational investors. However, this view of the relationship between growth-oriented law and environmental law as one between principles ( for the former) and exceptions ( for the latter) is the one that prevails in practice.

Secondly, I argue that there are rules and mechanisms that can, or could, support criminal laws or measures in favor of the environment, including before international tribunals that guarantee economic liberalism or the protection of capital abroad. On the one hand, certain standards or procedures established in the context of a growth-oriented IEL for purposes other than ecology can be used for environmental purposes (national security exceptions, for instance), or even turned against the actors for whom they were established (umbrella clauses, for instance). On the other hand, it is possible to rely on provisions and even entire agreements aimed at framing the economy for environmental purposes.

This book evaluates and compares risk regulation and safety management for offshore oil and gas operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway and Australia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach with legal, technological and sociological perspectives on efforts to assess and prevent major accidents and improve safety performance. Presented in three parts, it begins with a review of the factors involved in designing, implementing and enforcing a regulatory regime for industrial safety. It then evaluates the four regimes exploring the contextual factors that influence their design and implementation, their reliance on industrial expertise and standards and the use of performance indicators. Finally the book assesses the resilience of the Norwegian regime, its capacity to keep pace with new technologies and emerging risks, respond to near miss incidents, encourage safety culture, incorporate vested rights of labor, and perform inspection and self-audit functions. This boo...

O estudo analisa como as mudanças climáticas afetam a saúde mental dos jovens brasileiros, utilizando a agenda da Transição Justa das Nações Unidas como base e geoinformação. O foco está entre março de 2020 e fevereiro de 2022, um período marcado pela pandemia de Covid-19. O trabalho recorre a relatórios do IPCC e da The Lancet, além de dados do IBGE, para entender a relação entre eventos climáticos, saúde mental, trabalho e sustentabilidade. O documento destaca a importância do engajamento dos jovens, que são vistos como agentes de mudança diante dos desafios climáticos e sociais atuais, especialmente em um contexto de desastres naturais frequentes. O estudo utiliza uma abordagem indutiva e analítica para investigar as necessidades e oportunidades em torno do ODS 08, que trata de trabalho inclusivo e decente, desempenhando um papel crucial na construção da cidadania no Brasil.

This article examines the tension between the democratic right of public participation on specific environmental issues, guaranteed by European Law, and the degree to which it is being challenged in the UK as a consequence of recent approaches to energy infrastructure planning. Recent trends in UK government policy frameworks seem both to threaten effective public participation and challenge EU planning strategy, in particular those outlined in the Aarhus convention. The research outlined in this study involves an assessment of the changing context of planning and energy policy, in addition to recent changes in legislation formulation in the UK. The research findings, derived from an extensive interview process of elite stakeholders engaged in policy and legislation formulation in the UK and the EU provide a new categorisation system of stakeholders in energy policy that can be utilised in future research. The article concludes with a second order analysis of the interviewee data an...