Effectiveness of Parenting Styles on Personality Traits of Children at Secondary Level

Pakistan journal of humanities and social sciences, 2023

The aim of this study was to explore predictors of academic achievement with association of parenting style and personality traits. After a review of the detailed literature the following hypotheses were formulated; a) parenting styles would be the predictor of personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism), b) personality traits would be the predictor of parenting styles (supportive parenting, compassionate parenting, controlling parenting, avoidant parenting and orthodox parenting), c) there would be positive relationship between academic achievement and parenting styles (supportive parenting, compassionate parenting, controlling parenting, avoidant parenting and orthodox parenting), d) There would be positive relationship between academic achievement and personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism). The total sample was N=500, (male 50% and female 50%) between 18-30 years. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from government universities of Faisalabad. In addition, to explore findings, following psychological measures was used i.e. Perceived Dimensions of Parenting Scale (PDPS) and Big Five IPIP Personality Scale used to measure participant's personality traits. The descriptive statistical and regression analysis of variance tests was used and the findings showed that there is a significant prediction between parenting styles and academic achievement (R2 =.083; F (1,498) = 44.87 p<.001). The findings of the study showed that there is significant prediction between personality traits and academic achievement (R2 =.251; F (1,498) =116.83 p<.001). It is concluded that parenting styles and personality traits have significant predictions in academic achievement among adolescents.

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR)

Present paper attempts to explore the effect of parenting styles and treatment on the child's personality. Importance of the subject and insufficient literature on parenting and personality as well as lack of combined studies of parenting with other psychosocial factors led to this paper. Through this paper we explore the impact of appropriate parenting styles and differential treatment the child receive as a result of some factors such as the birth orders, have a direct or indirect effect on one's personality. Major objectives of the paper include determining effect of Parenting Style and parental treatment on child's Personality, and the various factors that impact personality of an individual. The Brief HEXACO Inventory was employed to assess personality of a child. In addition, Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience (SIDE) to study the differential treatments, Parents as Social Context Questionnaire (Child Report) to explore how parenting styles affect personality. A total of 342 individuals between the age ranges of 17 to 25 participated in the study. Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis was conducted on the data. It was concluded that several factors affect a child's personality which include but are not limited to the objectives taken up in this paper. It was determined that these factors play an essential role in the development of personality of an individual. IndexTerms-Parenting style, parenting treatment, child's personality, birth order RESEARCH CONTEXT Effects of Parenting styles and parental treatment on personality Psychologists, researchers and academia continue to work on parenting styles and its possible effects on children, outlining a variety of parenting styles over the years. Regardless of several researches, there is still no consensus over the right parenting style, with a majority of parents using trial and error to raise their children. According to Baumrind (1971)there are three basic parenting styles i.e. authoritarian, authoritative and permissivestyles that impact a child's personality while research by Hosokawa and Katsura (2018) suggests that ineffective discipline in children can be attributed to authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. Psychological researches mention assorted parenting styles and how it impacts the child(Fujiwara, Kato and Sanders, 2011), while a recent study stated that personality traits and perception towards parents are formed in adolescence itself therefore parents and teachers should raise adolescents consciously and help develop positive personality traits in them, also implying the need for educating public about different parenting styles and howpositive and negative parenting can affect individuals (Adlakha et al, 2018). Apart from parenting styles, the manner children in the same family are treated differently by their parents also plays a vital role. A study showed significant differential parental control between first and last born children of the same families (Mofrad and Uba, 2014).A research that examined the role of parenting styles with respect to adolescents' sleep patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety concluded that there was high overlap between parenting styles of both parents, though with a different relation to adolescents' sleep. Adverse parenting styles were highly correlated with low sleep quality, negative mood, increased daytime sleepiness, and with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. Adolescents with low positive and high negative parenting styles displayed the most unfavourable sleep-related personality traits showing that negative parenting styles affects personality negatively (Hatzinger, 2009) while another research revealed different patterns of parent differential treatment for siblings which depended on their age as well as gender (McHale et. al. 2001). Literature review elaborates the role of not only parenting styles but also how children of the same family are treated and its impact on their personality among other factors but most of these researches were conducted in the late 1900s, for example a study showed that mothers show more response, control and expressive behaviour towards their younger born rather than older born and this differential treatment from parents, especially mothers can lead to a higher level of negativity and conflict amongst siblings (Brody et. al. 1987). In most families, parents have been seen to treat their children differently based on their age (Maccoby and Martin, 1983).

This study investigated the influences of parenting styles on the personality traits of senior secondary school students in Rivers State. 560 students were selected for the study. This number was drawn using simple random sampling technique for all the selected 28 government owned schools with seven local governments in Rivers State. Researchers designed questionnaire named Parenting Styles and Personality Traits Assessment (PSPTA) was used in the study. Three research questions and three hypotheses were drawn, Anova (analysis of variance) was used to analyze the hypotheses. From the study, the following results were obtained: That extroversion personality trait does depend on parenting styles among senior secondary school students in Rivers State. That the personality trait of agreeableness is dependent on parenting styles among senior secondary school students in Rivers State. The neuroticism personality trait does depend on parenting styles among senior secondary school students in Rivers State. It was therefore recommended as follows-Every child is distinct and unique therefore parents should be encouraged to adopt appropriate parenting styles for each child (adolescent). Information on the influence of the various parenting styles on the personality traits of students should be made to parents.

2017

The purpose of the study was to establish how authoritative parenting styles, authoritarian parenting styles, indulgent parenting styles and neglectful parenting styles influence personality dimensions of adolescents in secondary schools in Mombasa County. Descriptive research design was adopted by the study. The target population under study was all the 6,440 students in secondary schools in Mombasa County but a sample of 320 respondents was achieved. Primary data was collected through the use of structured questionnaires which were hand delivered to the respondents by the researcher. To analyze the quantitative data, frequency distribution and cross tabulations were used. The data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The findings revealed that indeed the main variables used namely authoritative parenting styles; authoritarian parenting styles; indulgent parenting styles and neglectful parenting styles influence personality dimensions as proven...

Objectives: Present study intended to investigate the impact of parental personality traits on parenting patterns and parent child-relationships in Pakistan. Methods and Materials: This study included 342 parents aged between 31 and 57 years, with 159 fathers and 183 mothers, who were selected through purposive convenient sampling from different cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Parents having children of ages 3-14 years were selected as per requirement of the (PCRI) scale. In the present study we have demonstrated, the two Scales Neo-FFI Scale and PCRI scales to test the hypotheses. It was hypothesized that parental personality traits including openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism would predict parent child relationship i.e. parental support, satisfaction, communication, involvement and autonomy. Findings: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated for both the scale demonstrated reliable estimates for both scales. From the study through multiple regression analyses it is observed that among the predictors, openness to experience was significant positive predictor of parental support; agreeableness was significant positive predictor of satisfaction, and openness to experience and extraversion were significant positive predictors of communication. Implications: This study will be helpful for school and family counselors in understanding and dealing with issues related to parents and children.

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 2019

Character building is very important to become a key for educational mainstream in Indonesia, either in a formal, non-formal, and informal setting. Several factors influence character building in children, namely parenting style and genetic personality. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of parenting style and genetic personality to children’s character development. This research is a correlational study using a survey and quantitative method. The population in this study were parents of students in Aya Sophia Foundation Islamic School. Data collection was carried out by simple random sampling to a population of 1,243 students&#39; parents using an electronic questionnaire. The returned and valid questionnaire results were 398 samples. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The instrument of this study is a modification from the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) of Robinson et al. and Roman et al. To measure the genetic p...

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018

Objective: Mothers have an important role in child- rearing, and maternal personality has theoretically been considered as the most influential factor determining the parenting style, because it is thought to affect parental behavior. However, the influence of personality on parenting styles has received surprisingly little attention. The aim of the present study was to compare personality components among mothers with authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Method : Using a multistage random cluster sampling method, we selected 8 kindergartens in Tehran. The sample consisted of 270 mothers with preschool children aged 4 to 6 who completed the NEO and Parental Authority Style Questionnaire. Results: Results revealed significant differences among the authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive styles in personality characteristics. There were significant differences between groups in extraversion (f(2,267) = 151.65, p≤0.0001 ), agreeableness (f(2,267)=215.23, p...

Interdisciplinary Social Studies

The biggest factor that shapes a child&#39;s personality is the family environment, especially the attitude of parents. Parents&#39; attitudes, behaviors, and habits are always seen, judged, and imitated by children and then become habits for their children. Whatever stimulus is received has a great impact on child development because from the stimulus received, the child&#39;s brain will unconsciously manage and store it so that it becomes a science. This study aims to obtain data and information on how parenting affects the formation of teenagers’ personalities in Cibalagung Village RT. 003 RW. 004 Kel. Pasirjaya Bogor City. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method. As for the techniques used in data collection in this study, namely questionnaires, observations, and literature studies. The population in this study is teenagers in Cibalagung RT 03 RW 04 Pasirjaya Village, Bogor City, which amounts to 35 people. The sample in this study is teenagers. The n...

International Journal of Instructional Technology and Educational Studies

The study aimed to identify the child's personality and family education methods in terms of the phenomenon of the child's attachment to the personality, the psychological security of the child in the personality, and the patterns of family upbringing in the personality; Where he used the descriptive and analytical approach to information, which is based on the principle of collecting information and interpreting it in a scientific way; The study found that the phenomenon of breastfeeding and attachment, the psychological safety of the child, and the patterns of socialization have a significant impact on the formation of the child's personality and making him able to communicate and interact with others correctly. .

Parent are important personality and has great influence in child life. They have active role in child life. Parent have unique attitude, behavior, believe, values and family background and these characteristics varies from parent to parent. Parent in this world behave in different way for rearing their children. Specific attitudes and behaviors which parent show are parenting style and these styles have importance in child life. This article focuses on review of three parenting style presented by Baumrind and their influence on child education and psychological well being. After reviewing literature authors come to know about positive influence of Authoritative parenting style in life domain of child. Review of research literature suggests that Authoritative parenting style can promote through training and media campaign.

Journal of Adolescence, 2010

Since parental personality traits are assumed to play a role in parenting behaviors, the current study examined the relation between parental personality and parenting style among 688 Dutch parents of adolescents in the SMILE study. The study assessed Big Five personality traits and derived parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved) from scores on the underlying dimensions of support and strict control. Regression analyses were used to determine which personality traits were associated with parenting dimensions and styles. As regards dimensions, the two aspects of personality reflecting interpersonal interactions (extraversion and agreeableness) were related to supportiveness. Emotional stability was associated with lower strict control. As regards parenting styles, extraverted, agreeable, and less emotionally stable individuals were most likely to be authoritative parents. Conscientiousness and openness did not relate to general parenting, but might be associated with more content-specific acts of parenting. Ó

Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal, 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics of single-parent, two-parent and multi-parent families with their parent-child relationship in Sari. In a correlational study, 324 high school male and female high school students in Sari were selected by simple random sampling and completed the NEO 5-Factor Personality Questionnaire and Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRS). The data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and linear regression. The results showed that personality traits explained 49.5% variance of father-child relationship in single-parent families, 25.4% variance of father -child relationship in two-child families and 26.3% variance of father -child relationship in multi-child families (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the results indicated that personality traits explained 20.8 % variance of mother-child relationship in single-parent families, 36.9% variance of mother-child relationship in two-child families and 32.7% variance of mother-child relationship in multi-child families (p < 0.01). Therefore, personality traits of students are effective in explaining the parent-child relationship of families.

Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami

Prior studies seem to indicate a hypothetical concept that parenting styles and personality traits are of critical factors of academic achievements. Accordingly, the present quantitative study sought to find out the interrelationships of parenting styles, Islamic students’ personality traits, and their academic achievements. 101 Islamic students from an Islamic university in Bengkulu, Indonesia, were randomly assigned to be the samples. Their parents, 202 parents, were also involved to provide the data. The data were collected by distributing valid and reliable questionnaires to students and their parents. The results demonstrated that parenting styles had a positive and significant impact on Islamic students’ personality traits. Parenting styles had a positive and significant impact on Islamic students’ academic achievements. Islamic students’ personality traits had a positive and significant impact on their academic achievements. Lastly, both parenting styles and Islamic students’...

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of parenting style on adult's academic achievements to explore the relationships of different parenting style on adult academic achievements. The sample was 80. The age range was from 17 years to 22. There was an inclusion criterion regarding the education and level of the university students. The sample was taken from the student of the BS from the Islamia University of Bahawalpur. The student was provided Urdu version scale for their parents; the result finding is that, authoritative parenting style has more effect on student academic achievement as compared to other two authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. The student academic achievements positively correlated with the father parenting style. The students' academic achievements also correlated with mother parenting style but not so strongly, as with father's parenting style. Whereas, the correlation of academic achievements and parenting is highly positive.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000

Parting styles and its impact of child behavior is core phenomena of behavioral science that needs specific attention from researcher and practitioner around the globe. The purpose of present qualitative study is to explore the new trend of parenting style emerging in the society and their impact on child behaviors by using unstructured interviews trough homogeneous sampling of parents located in Islamabad and native areas. The data gathered from unstructured interviews was transcribed and processed through thematic analysis using N-Vivo 10 software. The findings of study reveal the notion that ultimately behavior of child depends upon parenting style and many factors contribute in shaping parenting style that may be external environment, support, love, affection and opportunities. Effective communication is the ultimately outcome that is effective among majority of parents and that can be used by parents in accessing their child behavior and adjusting their parenting strategies