Developmental Psychology

Aggression is a very common feature in the present day world, yet not a sufficient number of studies have been conducted regarding positive aggression. The present study tried to prove that aggression cannot always be regarded as negative; positive aggression exhibits an aggressive spirited exterior, with a confident and composed performance that leads to some excellent deeding figures. However, a shallow aggressive exterior, without any star material on the interior that amounts to nothing but average performance makes us criticise aggressiveness.

Childhood religious experiences with peers are important in the development of religiosity. However, peers' influence on these experiences has not been properly operationalized and measured. We addressed this limitation by developing the Childhood Religious Experiences with a Peer Inventory (CREPI). In Study 1 (n = 254), an act nomination procedure generated 106 items describing childhood religious experiences with a same-sex peer. These experiences were specific things that the peer said to, did to, or did with a participant during their childhood. In Study 2 (n = 458), participants indicated how frequently each item occurred in their childhood. Factor analysis yielded 27 items organized into three factors: Peer Proselytization, Shared Activities, and Peer Dialogue. The CREPI allows researchers to quantify peer influence on childhood religious experiences, enabling future investigation of whether and how these influences predict adult religiosity.

The Routledge International Handbook of Dialectical Thinking is a landmark volume offering a multi-disciplinary compendium of the research, theory and practice that defines dialectical thinking, its importance and how it develops over the lifespan.

For the first time, this handbook brings together theory and research on dialectical thinking as a psychological phenomenon from early childhood through the human lifespan. Grounding dialectical thinking in multiple philosophical traditions stemming from antiquity, it explores current psychological models of such thought patterns and shows how these can be applied in everyday life and across multiple disciplines, including philosophy, physics, mathematics and international relations. The handbook explains the nature of dialectical thinking, why it is important and how it can be developed in children and in adults. It concludes with a final chapter depicting a discussion among the authors, exploring the question "how could dialectical thinking be the antidote to dogma"

Written by a group of international scholars, this comprehensive publication is an essential reference for researchers and graduate students in psychology and the social sciences, as well as scholars interested in integrating different perspectives and issues from a wide variety of disciplines.

Introduction: Several studies have supported the evidence that attachment styles are a central factor in adolescent gambling problems. On this theoretical basis, the aim of the present study is to analyze a hypothesized mediation model exploring both the direct and indirect effects of insecure attachment on gambling disorder by investigating the role of the developmental perspective, theory of mind (friend) and adaptive response in that relationship. Method: The sample consists of 178 adolescents who underwent the Measures: South Oaks Gambling Screen—Revised for Adolescents and Friends and Family Interview. Result: The mediation analysis was conducted following Hayes’ (2018) procedure, using Model 6. The results showed a significant association between insecure attachment and gambling disorder (β = 0.669; p < 0.001). The findings also highlighted a significant chained mediation model in which insecure attachment negatively influenced the developmental perspective (β = −0.742; p &...

A model of the relations among cognitive precursors, early numeracy skill, and mathematical outcomes was tested for 182 children from 4.5 to 7.5 years of age. The model integrates research from neuroimaging, clinical populations, and normal development in children and adults. It includes 3 precursor pathways: quantitative, linguistic, and spatial attention. These pathways (a) contributed independently to early numeracy skills during preschool and kindergarten and (b) related differentially to performance on a variety of mathematical outcomes 2 years later. The success of the model in accounting for performance highlights the need to understand the fundamental underlying skills that contribute to diverse forms of mathematical competence.

Psychomotricity is one of the foundations in child development, a science that unites the body in movement and mental activity, admits a translation that relates body movement and its intentionality, studies human development in all phases. In this sense, this article aims to understand psychomotricity and adversities in early childhood education, to recognize the relationship between body and mind, and the importance of psychomotor development since childhood. In order to promote and achieve a deeper study on psychomotricity in early childhood education, this research took place in a bibliographic way through studies by authors dealing with the theme. The authors who guided this research were Duprê (1862-1921), Wallon (1879-1962) and Le Boulch (1981), who report the contexts and challenges of psychomotricity for a better development in human life. The results of the present study brought deeper reflections regarding the knowledge of the psychomotricity investigation process and the...

It has been previously shown that the implicit affiliation motive -the need to establish and maintain friendly relationships with others -leads to chronic health benefits. The underlying assumption for the present research was that the implicit affiliation motive also moderates the salivary cortisol response to acute psychological stress when some aspects of social evaluation and uncontrollability are involved. By contrast we did not expect similar effects in response to exercise as a physical stressor. Fifty-nine high school students aged M = 14.8 years were randomly assigned to a psychosocial stress (publishing the results of an intelligence test performed), a physical stress (exercise intensity of 65-75% of HR max ), and a control condition (normal school lesson) each lasting 15 min. Participants' affiliation motives were assessed using the Operant Motive Test and salivary cortisol samples were taken pre and post stressor. We found that the strength of the affiliation motive negatively predicted cortisol reactions to acute psychosocial but not to physical stress when compared to a control group. The results suggest that the affiliation motive buffers the effect of acute psychosocial stress on the HPA axis.

PurposeThis study aimed to look at parents' perceptions of a number of different toy prototypes that represented physical impairments and predictors of these perceptions.Design/methodology/approachA correlational survey design was used. Parents of children aged 4–10 years who identified their child as having a disability (n = 160) and not as having a disability (n = 166) took part. They rated a number of prototypes for likelihood that their child would enjoy playing with them and completed measures of their responses toward children with disabilities and of their own and their child's direct contact with people with disabilities.FindingsIt was found that, among parents of children who did not declare that their child had a disability, the more open the parents were toward disability, the more contact the children had with other children with disabilities and the more likely they were to consider that their child would like to play with a toy prototype representing a physical...

Little is known about the effect of natural disasters on children's neural development. Additionally, despite evidence that stress and parenting may both influence the development of neural systems underlying reward and threat processing, few studies have brought together these areas of research. The current investigation examined the effect of parenting styles and hurricane-related stress on the development of neural reactivity to reward and threat in children. Approximately 8 months before and 9 months after Hurricane Sandy, 74 children experiencing high and low levels of hurricane-related stress completed tasks that elicited the reward positivity and error-related negativity, event-related potentials indexing sensitivity to reward and threat, respectively. At the post-Hurricane assessment, children completed a self-report questionnaire to measure promotion- and prevention-focused parenting styles. Among children exposed to high levels of hurricane-related stress, lower levels...

The methods presented have been divided into six separate, though interlinking, clusters: The six steps to engaging children are briefly introduced in both the Researcher Toolkit and the Researcher Resource. STEP 2 Developing ethical protocols and processes STEP 3 Developing trust and relationships STEP 4 Selecting appropriate methods STEP 5 Identifying appropriate forms of communication STEP 6 Consideration of context

Autism is a life-long developmental disorder. Despite the fact that there are many scientific and popular publications on the topic, autism is still considered not a well-known disorder. Individuals with autism may come across as awkward to other people. The reason certainly does not lie in ill-will of the individual, but it is rather related to many deficits that autistic people present, especially in the area of social skills and communication. Cognitive literature suggests that individuals with autism have a deficit in “theory of mind”, which is understanding mental states of other people, their thoughts and feelings. In the current article we will explain, based on clinical examples, how the deficit in the theory of mind may be an obstacle to proper functioning for children with autism.

Developmental literature highlights that cognitive, moral, and affective development proceeds from concrete operations to more abstract ones. However, it is not known whether this fundamental developmental trajectory also characterizes the development of social identification (i.e., the feelings of belonging, affiliation, and correctness to a group, coupled with the sense of commonality with fellow ingroup members). This longitudinal study aimed (a) to unfold the association between identifications with two proximal groups (i.e., classmates and friends) and identification with humanity, and (b) to examine how these identifications with close and abstract groups affect adolescents' social well-being (i.e., an indicator of youth adaptation in their societies and communities). Participants were 304 adolescents (61.84% female, M age = 17.49) involved in a three-wave longitudinal study. Identification with proximal social groups (especially classmates) was positively associated with identification with humanity, and identifications with both proximal and abstract groups were related to social wellbeing over time. Moreover, identification with humanity and identification with friends mediated the positive longitudinal effects of identification with classmates on social well-being. The implications of these findings for adolescents' social inclusivity and adjustment are discussed.

The transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood is a period of the life span that offers young people the possibility to consolidate their self–certainty and prosociality. Both aspects are of core importance for increasing personal and societal well–being. The purpose of this longitudinal study was twofold: (i) to examine patterns of change and stability in self–concept clarity and prosociality; and (ii) to unravel over time associations between these constructs in the transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood. In addressing both aims, we explored the moderating effects of gender. Participants were 244 Dutch emerging adults (46% male; mean age at T1 = 16.73 years) who completed six waves of data collection (mean age at T6 = 22.7 years). Findings highlighted that (i) self–concept clarity developed nonlinearly, with an initial decline from T1 to T2 followed by an increase thereafter, while prosociality increased linearly over time and both self–concept clarity ...

This research investigated the relationship between professional commitment and work engagement, with selfdetermination acting as a mediating variable. An adapted structured questionnaires were used to gather data from 130 Social Workers in General Santos City and Tacurong City, Philippines. The study employed correlational design and mediation analysis. The Statistical tools used include the mean, Pearson and Sobel z Test. The results were the following, the level of professional commitment has 4.29 mean which is very high, then for the level of work engagement has 4.10 mean which is high and lastly, the level of self-determination has a mean of 4.24 which is very high. Also, the findings revealed a strong positive relationship between professional commitment and work engagement, as well as between professional commitment and self-determination. Additionally, a significant positive relationship was observed between work engagement and self-determination. Furthermore, self-determination was found to partially mediate these relationships. Specifically, professional commitment significantly boosts selfdetermination, which, in turn, positively influences the work engagement of social workers. This indirect effect emphasized the vital role of intrinsic motivation and autonomy in cultivating a committed and engaged workforce among social workers. The findings suggested that professional commitment can be an effective strategy for increasing motivation, enhanced job satisfaction, improved performance, reduced turnover, a positive organizational culture, and opportunities for personal growth, emphasizing the role of self-determination. Essentially, this study contributed to the existing literature by elucidating the mediating role of self-determination in the relationship between professional commitment and work engagement. The results highlighted the critical importance of professional commitment among social workers as it enhances the quality of care, ethical practice, resilience, advocacy efforts, professional development, client trust, organizational effectiveness, and innovation within the profession.

In this chapter, I show how the use of two approaches to conflict resolution -- collaborative problem solving and dialectical engagement -- can be used successfully to resolve political conflict between partisan adversaries on contentious social issues.  In so doing, I show how collaborative problem-solving provides a means to forge a more collaborative democracy.  The paper contains a description of these modes of conflict resolution and a report of a study in which, over an 18-month period, six individuals of different political orientations were able to use collaborative and dialectical problem solving to generate massive agreement on ways to solve a series of pressing socio-political problems. In this paper, we should how the group was able to form dramatic consensus on the issue of capital punishment in the United States.

I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone"s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis and have included copies of such copyright clearances to my appendix. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution.

In the current pre-registered study, we examined the associations between shared book reading, daily screen time, and vocabulary size in 1,442 12- and 24-month-old Norwegian infants. Our results demonstrate a positive association between shared reading and vocabulary in both age groups, and a negative association between screen time and vocabulary in 24-month-olds. Exploratory analyses revealed that the positive relationship between shared reading and expressive vocabulary in 12-month-olds was stronger in lower SES groups, suggesting that shared reading may act as a compensatory mechanism attenuating potentially impoverished learning environment and parent-infant interactions in low-SES families.

Test-retest reliability --- establishing that measurements remain consistent across multiple testing sessions --- is critical to measuring, understanding, and predicting individual differences in infant language development. However, previous attempts to establish measurement reliability in infant speech perception tasks are limited, and reliability of frequently-used infant measures is largely unknown. The current study investigated the test-retest reliability of infants' preference for infant-directed speech over adult-directed speech in a large sample (N=158) in the context of the ManyBabies1 collaborative research project (Frank et al., 2017; ManyBabies Consortium, 2020). Labs were asked to bring in participating infants for a second appointment retesting infants on their preference for infant-directed speech. This approach allowed us to estimate test-retest reliability across three different methods used to investigate preferential listening in infancy: the head-turn prefer...

The effects of bilingualism on child development have been extensively examined in last decades. Research reveals that simultaneous use of two or more languages affects child’s language development, cognitive and social skills. The current study focuses on the so-far understudied theory of emotion understanding in bilingual children. A cohort of 593 bilingual and monolingual 5–6-year-olds took the Russian version of the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) that assesses three components of emotion understanding: emotion understanding of external causes of emotions, reflective causes of emotions; and mental causes of emotions. Our results revealed no group differences between overall emotion understanding and understanding of external and reflective causes of emotions. However, monolingual children had a slightly better understanding of mental causes of emotions compared to bilingual children, when controlling for age, gender, and non-verbal intelligence. These results suggest that ch...

Previous research in English-speaking countries has shown that parental education predicts significantly parental attitudes and theories about parenting which, in turn, guide parental interaction with their child and might impact the child’s mental development. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no research aimed at studying the role of parental education in shaping the views of Russian parents on their children’s education and development. The current study aimed to analyze the role of Russian parents’ education in their intuitive theories of parenting, by controlling for the region where the families live, and taking into account the age and sex of their child. Intuitive theories of parenting were studied using the Early Parental Attitudes Questionnaire (EPAQ). The sample consisted of 995 parents who have children aged 1 to 7 and live in Moscow, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Republic North Ossetia in Russian Federation. Two profiles of intuitive theories o...

Experimental and computational studies propose that inner speech boosts categorisation skills and executive functions, making human behaviour more focused and flexible. In addition, many clinical studies highlight a relationship between poor inner-speech and an executive impairment in autism spectrum condition (ASC), but contrasting findings are reported. Here we investigate the latter issue through a previously implemented and validated computational model of the Wisconsin Cards Sorting Tests.In particular, the model was applied to detect the individual differences in cognitive flexibility and inner speech contribution in ASC and neurotypical participants. Our results suggest that the use of inner-speech increases along the life-span of neurotypical participants but is absent in ASC ones. Although we found more attentional failures in autistic children/teenagers and more perseverative behaviours in autistic young/older adults, only ASC children and ASC older adults exhibited a lowe...

Background: Using mouse genetic studies and systematic assessments of brain neuroanatomical phenotypes, we set out to identify which of the 30 genes causes brain defects at the autism-associated 16p11.2 locus. We show that multiple genes mapping to this region interact to regulate brain anatomy, with female mice exhibiting far fewer brain neuroanatomical phenotypes. In male mice, among the 13 genes associated with neuroanatomical defects (Mvp,

importance of creating a meeting platform within the EUPHAcommunity to enable researchers and policy makers to exchange views and experiences about public health research among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. The workshop will consist of four sessions. During these sessions four inspirational and dedicated speakers will present in 15-20 minutes their research into and ideas about public health issues for children and adolescents with developmental disorders. The four presentations discuss the need for training of parents and professionals (Andrea Caby), the ethical perspective (Els Maeckelberghe), the epidemiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (Jutta Lindert) and the need for care for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (Marijke Kleefman). At the end of the four presentations, a group discussion is planned to generate ideas in order to outline an international agenda for further collaborative research and action. After this workshop it will be clear that there are many issues that need additional research to be able to give the children with neurodevelopmental disorders the care they need and are entitled to. generate ideas in order to outline an international agenda for further collaborative research and action

Having a positive attitude in writing is very important since the positive attitude will make the students approach writing in a good way and will enable them to finish the writing task well. Thus, an appropriate instrument to measure the writing attitude is needed. Yet, scarce research is dedicated to investigating the validity and reliability of the writing attitude scale.

The aim of this study was to explore and describe older twins' experiences of their marriages in relation to the co-twin relationship. The material consisted of 34 life story interviews with older twins (70+), representing various experiences of twinship and marriage. The data was analysed with qualitative latent content analysis. Results: Phases of marriage describe the time of Courtship -partners were chosen based on infatuation. Most were non-related, but some were relatives or friends. Twinship and quality of married life showed that marriages were either disharmonious or harmonious. The most common cause of conflicts was spouses not getting along, second common cause to conflicts was the twin relationship itself. In the harmonious marriages, the spouses were sympathetic and accepting of the twin relationship. In later life 14 of 34 were widowed and 7 of 34 had gone through a divorce. The most common cause of divorce was an unfaithful spouse, rather than the close relationship with the co-twin. In difficult times the twin relationship served as a source of comfort and support. The most harmonious marriages were with spouses related to one another. In this way the twins could keep both the twin relationship and have a marriage. Since twins often regard each other as attachment figures, the combination of twinship and marriage seem to be a challenge for the spouse to be most of all.

An achievement test based on schema theory (S-Test) was developed on the passages comprising the English textbook taught at grade three in state high schools in Iran and administered concurrently with a validated and reliable Social Capital Scale (SCS) to four hundred seventy seven male and female participants. The Z-scores obtained on the S-Test were utilized to divide the participants into high, middle and low achievers. Among the ten factors underlying the SCS, i.e.

The pattern of arsenic (As) uptake at different developmental stages in plants and its consequent influence on the growth of plants was investigated in bean and lettuce. Further, the human health risk from the consumption of these As-laced vegetables was determined. The irrigation water was contaminated with As at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L. The As concentration in the plant parts (root, stem, leaves, and flower/fruit) was determined in bean at the young, flowering, and fruiting stages and lettuce at the young and mature stages. At the different growth stages, As had an impact on the biomass of bean and lettuce plant parts, but none of the biomass changes were significant (p>0.05). The increase in As concentration of the irrigation water elevated the As concentration of plant parts of both plants at all growth stages, with the exception of the bean fruit. The As concentration in the developmental stages was in the order: lettuce (young>mature) and bean (fruiting>young>flowering). In lettuce, the transfer factor was higher at the young stage (0.09-0.19, in the control and 0.1 mg/L As treatment), while in bean, it was highest at the flowering stage (0.09-0.41, in all treatments). In the edible part, lettuce possessed substantially elevated As concentrations (0.30, 0.61, and 1.21 mg/kg DW) compared to bean (0.008, 0.005, and 0.022 mg/kg DW) at As treatments of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, and posed significant health risks at all applied As concentrations.

Given the long-lasting detrimental effects of internalizing symptoms, there is great need for detecting early risk markers. One promising marker is freezing behavior. Whereas initial freezing reactions are essential for coping with threat, prolonged freezing has been associated with internalizing psychopathology. However, it re-

The aim of this study was to assess various cognitive abilities such as attention, IQ, reasoning, and memory related to academic achievement in 8- and 9-year-old preterm children. A total of 141 children were assessed. The preterm group (=37 weeks) comprised 63 children and was compared to 78 full-term children. Attention was evaluated using the d2 Selective Attention test, and the IQ by the L-M form of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, establishing a profile of abilities: perception, memory, comprehension, reasoning, and verbal fluency. Significant differences in IQ were found between the preterm and full-term children. Of the cognitive abilities assessed, the only significant differences were found in verbal fluency, with preterm boys showing lower verbal fluency scores than full-term children. In conclusion, all preterm groups have attention ability similar to that of full-term children. However, preterm children obtain lower scores in intelligence measures. In addition, pre...

The pursuit of happiness is an age-old human quest; so is the axiom of “know thyself ”. This book proposal explores the link between these two ancient ideas, relevant even in modern times. Using the backdrop of my personal quest for happiness in combination with findings from various scientific disciplines, I argue that our happiness, at least in part, is under our control, and that self-awareness can be an empowering tool in finding lasting happiness. There are three parts to this book proposal: Part I reviews the scientific literature on wellbeing and explores answers to the question: What makes us happy? Part II presents a new definition of selfawareness along with challenges associated with knowing our selves, and also offers ways to become more selfaware. Part III provides specific suggestions for people to use their self-awareness to enhance their well-being. The objective of the proposed book is to inspire people to take charge of their happiness by taking charge of themselve...

A study of 405 middle school students solving two novel mathematics problems found that individuals utilising a feeling or free-flowing approach to reasoning were more likely to be successful in reaching a solution than those who did not. Indeed, feeling cognitions were found to have both a direct and indirect effect on the generation of a solution depending on whether mainly spatial or verbal processing was required. This finding is consistent with neuroscience research.

This study investigates the relationship between academic achievement and reports of student problem behavior from teachers, parents, and child self-reports. Participants included 108 teachers, 113 parents/caregivers, and 129 students from an urban school in the Northeast region of the United States. Results suggest parent and child reports were closely related on identification of problem behaviors. The authors discuss implications for how school counselors can utilize multiple informants. C omprehensive school counseling programs aligned with the ASCA National Model (American School Counselor Association [ASCA], 2012) are intended to be comprehensive in scope, preventative in design, and developmental by nature (Baker, Robichaud,

Perspectives from five Black and Latino fathers of students with autism are shared from this qualitative pilot study. The fathers were asked to describe the most helpful forms of support from school counselors. One-time, semi-structured interviews were conducted and interpreted with the thematic analysis method. Results suggest support from other parents, and specifically from other fathers, with shared experiences is most helpful. Recommendations for school counseling practice and research are shared.

American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013, p. 69). The autism diagnosis rate among children in the United States is one in 68 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2016). Research has documented that parents of individuals with autism experience an adjustment phase to their children's needs and developmental trajectory (

This study investigates the relationship between academic achievement and reports of student problem behavior from teachers, parents, and child self-reports. Participants included 108 teachers, 113 parents/caregivers, and 129 students from an urban school in the Northeast region of the United States. Results suggest parent and child reports were closely related on identification of problem behaviors. The authors discuss implications for how school counselors can utilize multiple informants. C omprehensive school counseling programs aligned with the ASCA National Model (American School Counselor Association [ASCA], 2012) are intended to be comprehensive in scope, preventative in design, and developmental by nature (Baker, Robichaud,

This document outlines a proposal to raise the maturity of a monitoring and control system designed for hydrogen fuel cells with natural air cooling, advancing from TRL 5 to TRL 9 within the automotive sector. The primary goal is to guarantee optimal performance and efficiency during full operation, all while establishing a dependable supply chain for essential components. Moreover, dedicated efforts are aimed at enhancing the reliability and scalability of this technology, offering distinct advantages for streamlined series production that supports Full Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). This, in turn, simplifies their seamless integration with electric powertrain systems in diverse urban and industrial transport environments.

Este trabajo de tesis tiene como principal objetivo obtener una medida del desarrollo de la toma de conciencia racial en niños españoles de 3 a 5 años. El principal marco teórico en el que se ha desarrollado el trabajo ha sido la teoría socio-cognitiva (Aboud, 1988). Desde esta teoría se propone que el prejuicio en los niños debe entenderse más como resultado de un proceso evolutivo que como un rasgo de personalidad. En otras palabras, los cambios cognitivos que se producen a lo largo de la niñez desempeñan un papel central en el surgimiento y desarrollo de las actitudes étnico-raciales. Se diseñaron tres estudios sucesivos con objetivos diferentes pero complementarios, en los que se tomó una medida de la conciencia racial así como de su relación con el desarrollo cognitivo del sujeto. Se elaboraron un conjunto de tareas basadas en pruebas clásicas con una larga trayectoria en la investigación previa, para evaluar distintos procesos implicados en la conciencia racial. Concretamente,...

People punish transgressors with different intensity depending if they are members of their group or not. We explore this in a cross-sectional analytical study with paired samples in children with developmental disorders who watched two videos and expressed their opinion. In Video-1, a football-player from the participant's country scores a goal with his hand. In Video-2, a player from another country does the same against the country of the participant. Each subject watched the two videos and their answers were compared. The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) group showed negative feelings in Video 1 (M = -.1; CI 95% -.51 to .31); and in Video 2 (M = -.43; CI 95% .77 to -.09; t(8) = 1.64, p = .13), but the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, intellectual disability groups showed positive opinion in Video-1 and negative in Video-2. This suggests that children with ASD respect rules regardless of whether those who break them belong or not to their own group, possibly due to lower degrees of empathy.

This study aims to determine the effect of playing mosaic creations using wallpaper material on fine motor skills in children aged 5-6 years in e-school Kindergarten by using quantitative research methods. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-6 years e-school Kindergarten, totaling 12 children. This study wanted to determine whether or not there is an influence between two variables, namely the activity of playing mosaic creations and children's fine motor skills. Based on the results of the hypotheses study, the value of Tcount 30 ≥ Ttable 2.228 and the value of Zcount 3.25 ≥ Ztable 0.4994. This means that there is a variable effect of playing mosaic creations on fine motor skills in children aged 5-6 years in e-school Kindergarten.

This research aims to find out the improvement of children's fine motor skills through grain sticking activities in Aisyiyah Ranting Kasi-Kasi Makassar Kindergarten. Based on the results of learning improvements using classroom action research methods implemented through cycle actions I and II through planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This study involved students in the age group of 5-6 years as many as 18 people. Based on the results of the data analysis showed that the average value of the assessment category of learning outcomes obtained by children in cycle I and cycle II related to creativity and fine motor skills of children increased with classical learning completion 92 percent. The increase is seen from indicators of the carefulness of motion control in sticking to grains, uniqueness, and originality of form in sticking to grains.

This study examined the degree of adaptation (operationalised by means of multiple measures, namely satisfaction with family life, stress and adjustment to the child) being attained by parents of a child with cerebral palsy. Drawing on the model of stress and coping of Lazarus and Folkman (1984), the outcome variable adaptation was held to be a function of the stressor (Le. the exceptional child) and various mediating factors, namely demographics, coping mechanisms, perceived social support and locus of control. A cross-sectional, correlational field survey was conducted in which seventy-nine parents, recruited via a school for children with cerebral palsy, completed a pencil and paper self-report questionnaire, generating both quantitative and qualitative data. Scales utilised in this study were the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale ill

This article addresses the subject matter of child participation in decision-making, events and social or civic activities at the early childhood education stage from the perspective of female students at a Polish university . This study aimed to explore and analyse the opinions of female students preparing to become teachers for grades 1-3 in primary school, focusing on their perspectives regarding child participation while utilising Roger Hart's "Ladder of Children's Participation" concept . In this qualitative study, a semi-directed, problem-oriented focus group interview was conducted, followed by a content analysis of the data obtained . Female students at a large university in a medium-sized city in Poland were invited to participate in the study . The study depicted that they equated the process of developing skills related to participation, understood as involvement in society, with formal education . Their responses were dominated by approaches related to full participation, while other views indicated a lack of confidence in implementation of full

importance of creating a meeting platform within the EUPHAcommunity to enable researchers and policy makers to exchange views and experiences about public health research among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. The workshop will consist of four sessions. During these sessions four inspirational and dedicated speakers will present in 15-20 minutes their research into and ideas about public health issues for children and adolescents with developmental disorders. The four presentations discuss the need for training of parents and professionals (Andrea Caby), the ethical perspective (Els Maeckelberghe), the epidemiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (Jutta Lindert) and the need for care for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (Marijke Kleefman). At the end of the four presentations, a group discussion is planned to generate ideas in order to outline an international agenda for further collaborative research and action. After this workshop it will be clear that there are many issues that need additional research to be able to give the children with neurodevelopmental disorders the care they need and are entitled to. generate ideas in order to outline an international agenda for further collaborative research and action

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.