Critical Medical Anthropology

La révolution cubaine se trouve confrontée depuis plus d’une décennie à de profonds changements sociaux, économiques et politiques liés à l’insertion toujours plus grande de l’île à l’économie de marché global à la suite de la chute du bloc socialiste. Alors que plusieurs études avancent que Cuba s’engage à son tour dans une période de « transition », une analyse anthropologique de ce contexte révèle un scénario plus complexe. À l’aide de l’examen des nouvelles formes de gouvernance étatique en matière de santé et de recherche universitaire sur l’environnement, ainsi que des pratiques informelles des sujets, cet article analyse comment, à travers l’insertion de nouvelles formes de capital, ces politiques visent à maintenir et à reproduire l’idéologie socialiste dans les institutions locales et les pratiques individuelles quotidiennes en forgeant chez les individus un sentiment identitaire (lerevolucionario) en accord avec la rationalité de la gouvernance socialiste. Cependant, ces p...

Jennie Gamlin is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow based in the Institute for Global Health at UCL. Jennie has carried out extensive research in Mexico and the UK on reproductive and maternal health and has worked for the past 10 years with indigenous Wixárika communities. She is also co-director of the UCL Centre for Gender and Global Health and teaches and writes about the political economy of gender and health. Sahra Gibbon is associate professor in the Medical Anthropology Department at UCL. She has carried out research in the UK, Cuba and Brazil examining developments in genomics, public health, activism, gender and identity. Her recent publications include (as co-editor) The Routledge Handbook of Genomics, Health and Society (2018) and she is editor, with Jennie Gamlin, of the UCL Press book series Embodying Inequalities.

The intersection of biopolitics and microbiology takes on an even more radical form when considering the concept of pathogenic biolinguistics. Xenobacillus glossophagii, theorized to encode linguistic structures within host organisms, disrupts the binary separation between biological and semiotic systems. By interfering with linguistic cognition rather than physiological substrates, this bacterium subverts Foucauldian frameworks of biopower, necessitating an extension of biopolitical analysis to account for nonhuman semiotic agency. Foucault’s conceptualization of power as a regulatory force over populations finds an unexpected challenge in Xenobacillus glossophagii, a microbial entity that not only evades biopolitical control but actively corrupts the mechanisms of meaning itself. If governance relies on the legibility of subjects, then a pathogen capable of destabilizing cognitive structures represents an epistemological crisis. This shift compels a reconsideration of how power operates—not merely as a hierarchical force exerted upon passive biological subjects but as a contested domain of microbial agency and linguistic parasitism. Xenobacillus glossophagii exemplifies the entanglement of biological and discursive governance, illustrating the evolving dynamics of contemporary biopolitics. As microbial life continues to shape human health, cognition, and governance, the Foucauldian notion of biopower must adapt to accommodate these emerging bio-semiotic complexities. This case urges a reconceptualization of biopolitics, moving beyond its traditional focus on human populations to include the unpredictable and resistant forces of microbial existence.

Este escrito se propone ahondar en el trabajo personal que involucró una investigación
performática sobre el racismo en Argentina. Para abrir el diálogo sobre estas temáticas fue fundamental la creación de la performance en clave autobiográfica. Por ello, proponemos aquí realizar un ejercicio autoetnográfico, en tanto es un trabajo analítico sobre la propia historia como material estético/político, tomado a modo de ejemplo vivencial y concreto del profundo proceso de racialización que operó y opera en nuestro país. Elegimos para este escrito detenernos en la eficacia del trabajo para movilizar nuestras historias personales. Así, encontramos el reordenamiento de algunos mapas que ponen en evidencia la heterogeneidad étnico-racial de la población, con sus movilidades y procedencias, la complejidad de los estereotipos con sus dinámicas de rechazo y fascinación, y el proceso de blanqueamiento también articulado a elecciones estéticas como proceso de distinción social. Esperamos así contribuir a la reflexividad sobre cómo la experiencia de investigar desde la performance puede permitirnos interrogar profundas diferenciaciones sociales naturalizadas y silenciadas en el contexto argentino.

In 1946, the newly formed World Health Organization boldly sought to conceptualize ''health'' as wellbeing in the positive sense, ''not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.'' Yet nearly six decades later, researchers are still principally concerned with pathology and its characteristics and consequences. This special issue is the result of an effort to broaden the focus. Anthropologists working from evolutionary, biological and sociocultural perspectives and in diverse geographic regions were asked to examine meanings associated with health and/or to identify social conditions and practices that have contributed to positive physiological and psychological states in particular cultures, times, or across time. Most notable, perhaps, was discovering how difficult it is for Western social scientists to move beyond pathology-based thinking; most authors represented here regard health primarily as the absence of disease. Still, these papers articulate and address questions key to understanding health in and of itself, including: How is health conceptualized? What kinds of social conditions lead to health? And, how do social inequalities affect health? This introduction critically discusses previous work on the subject to contextualize the original research papers offered here.

The COVID-19 pandemic infected many people with the viruses of cynicism and skepticism, especially regarding vaccines. The coercive vaccination experiment with novel mRNA vaccines robbed many people of their freedom, health, body autonomy, and trust in authority. Now, all vaccines are under scrutiny, and being anti-vaccination has moved towards the center, from being out on the fringe. Enter the new outbreak of measles. To vaccinate or not vaccinate: that is the question. And many are asking that question who never before did. Adding to the sense of uncertainty over vaccines is Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who is now US Secretary of Health and Human Services, and questioning the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of many vaccinations. For those who have questioned vaccine safety, including myself, his involvement in vaccine medicine is welcome news. But fighting the vaccine industry creates a potential problem, and it's a big one. Given the pressure to produce profits, and given the low level of ethics in business today, there is no way to completely ensure that these vaccine companies will not release pathogens to give a shot in the arm to their product line.

Every day throughout the world, scientists are scurrying around their labs, studying mice. They don't just study mice, like you would study a book, or observe a brook. They devour the mice, chewing them up into organs, tissues, cells, and molecules, as they hunger for ways to better detect and treat human disease. Each stab in the mouse is a stab in the dark, but it gets grants and patents and awards. It feeds the greedy drug companies whose shareholders want new breakthroughs and new revenue.

What happens when human medicine is built on non-human research? Where is the human element of culture? Where is the logic in this false species equivalence? Why is this anachronism of 18th century medicine still the gold standard for 21st century medicine?

We will reap what we sow. There is a reason why so many people are sick, and why medical science is failing us. Good cannot come from evil.

23 rue de l'Aiguillerie, 34000 Montpellier Titre Chercher et apprendre dans ou d'un groupe IREM : Trajectoires d'acteurs et d'actrices. Résumé Cet article reprend la conférence d'ouverture du colloque organisé à Besançon, du 9 au 11 mai 2019, pour le 50ème anniversaire des IREM. Trois acteurs du réseau croisent leurs trajectoires : Sylvie Alory est enseignante de mathématiques dans un lycée parisien et participe aux groupes IREM à l'université Paris Diderot (Paris 7) depuis 1994 ; Charlotte Derouet a participé pour la première fois à un groupe IREM en 2012 à Paris en tant qu'enseignante de mathématiques en lycée. Depuis 2017 à l'INSPÉ 1 de Strasbourg, elle est impliquée à l'IREM de Strasbourg comme enseignante-chercheure. Luc Trouche a été impliqué dans le réseau des IREM comme stagiaire dès 1978, puis animateur, et responsable d'équipe. Il a dirigé l'IREM de Montpellier de 2000 à 2005. Il a été ensuite professeur à l'INRP, puis l'IFÉ et est professeur émérite de l'ENS de Lyon depuis le 1er janvier 2019. Au travers de leurs trois trajectoires, ils précisent ce que veut dire « Chercher et apprendre dans/d'un groupe IREM » et mettent en évidence l'imbrication des trois volets du triptyque « chercher, former, diffuser » Mots clés (5 max) Formation des enseignants ; ingénierie didactique ; IREM ; recherche collaborative ; trajectoire documentaire 1 ESPE, avant le 1 er septembre 2019.

Dans le cadre d’une étude qualitative réalisée au sein de la chaire Be-Hive, cet article entreprend de se focaliser sur un volet des résultats abordant l’usage de l’humour dans la participation parmi les activités collectives déployées par des organisations proposant des services de première ligne d’aide et de soin. Trois organisations (un service de réinsertion par le logement, une maison médicale et un service de l’office de la naissance et de l’enfance) en Province de Namur furent les terrains d’investigation de ce travail de recherche. Par l’intermédiaire d’entretiens semi-directifs et de sessions d’observation directe, les expériences des usagers/patients ainsi que des professionnels de disciplines psycho-médico-sociales furent récoltées et analysées. Parmi les résultats érigés, l’usage de l’humour est explicité de façon à cerner en quoi, dans la dynamique des interactions au sein de l’activité, il peut être tantôt porteur, tantôt inhibant en matière d’implication du public dans le processus participatif.

Abortion is the expulsion of a foetus from the uterus before it reaches the stage of viability. This research is on abortion and necessitating factors: x-raying the moral religio-ethical implications. Women experience unwanted pregnancy, some of these women seek to terminate the pregnancy by safe medical means if possible, but most times, it is by whatever means available. The termination of pregnancies mostly known generally as "Abortion" is a universal phenomenon occurring throughout all levels of societal organizations. Abortion is very risky as it affects women especially when carried out by unspecialized or quack medical personnels, as this destroys their wombs. Some female youths undergo abortion due to poverty and lack of resources to cater for the unborn child, unprotected sex, being underage to be a mother, via rape cases, continuity of carrier or education, averting shame on the family due to high regards for status, etc. Quest for money and materialism are the most driving force for unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Some commit abortion as a cover-up for weddings and employment. This research exposes the necessitating factors of abortion, the moral and religio-ethical implications of abortion. It made used of analytical method as well as books, journals, internet sources and oral interviews. Obviously, so many youths are victims of abortion with adverse effects on their health and lives. It recommends amongst others that illegal abortion practitioners should be prosecuted to reduce the high rate of maternal mortality amongst female youths in our society.

Nutrient-gene research tends to focus on human disease, although such interactions are often a by-product of our evolutionary heritage. This review explores health in this context, reframing genetic variation/epigenetic phenomena linked to diet in the framework of our recent evolutionary past. This "Darwinian/evolutionary medicine" approach examines how diet helped us evolve among primates and to adapt (or fail to adapt) our metabolome to specific environmental conditions leading to major diseases of civilization. This review presents updated evidence from a diet-gene perspective, portraying discord that exists with respect to health and our overall nutritional, cultural, and activity patterns. While Darwinian theory goes beyond nutritional considerations, a significant component within this concept does relate to nutrition and the mismatch between genes, modern diet, obesogenic lifestyle, and health outcomes. The review argues that nutritional sciences should expand knowl...

Vietnam has achieved impressive results in increasing sanitation coverage. In 1990, only 31 percent of rural households had access to improved sanitation. By 2015, this rate had increased to 70 percent. The Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) established criteria for ‘unimproved’ and ‘improved’ latrines, while the Vietnam Ministry of Health (MoH) has developed a more stringent set of criteria for ‘hygienic’ latrines used for setting national targets and for monitoring. The Vietnam Health and Environment Management Agency (VIHEMA) under the MoH is responsible for rural sanitation and hygiene. Within communities that have sustained open defecation free status, VIHEMA aims to increase the rate of households with hygienic latrines to 75 eprcent by 2020, and to 90 percent by 2030. Since 2010, the government’s delivery mechanism for rural water supply and sanitation has been a series of five-year National Ta...

Cet article revient sur l'intérêt de développer un protocole de recherche qui, dans le cadre d'une enquête sur les usages de la visioconférence en contexte judiciaire, intègre l'enregistrement audiovisuel des audiences. Pourquoi chercher à filmer les audiences dans un contexte où cela est normalement interdit par la loi ? Quels sont les avantages apportés par cette méthode ? Dans un premier temps, nous considérons le dispositif vidéo-ethnographique comme un dispositif d'enregistrement de données « naturelles » de l'activité judiciaire. Celles-ci permettent de rendre visibles certains aspects interactionnels du travail des participants : l'audience par visioconférence se révèle alors à la fois un accomplissement multimodal et une performance multimédia. Il convient toutefois d'aller au-delà de cette approche qui consiste à présenter le dispositif d'enregistrement et l'activité comme séparés. La possibilité même de filmer et les conditions de tournage ont une histoire qui résulte d'un travail complexe pour accéder au terrain et faire accepter la présence de caméras, particulièrement en contexte judiciaire. C'est pourquoi dans un deuxième temps, étudiant le travail d'implantation du dispositif vidéo-ethnographique dans les situations en tant qu'il constitue également une ressource analytique pour l'enquête, nous rendons compte de la manière dont les usages professionnels de la vidéo par les sociologues se superposent aux usages professionnels de la vidéo par les professionnels de justice. Cette étude s'appuie sur un important corpus d'enregistrements vidéo des audiences judiciaires, constitué et analysé selon les méthodes de l'analyse de conversation d'inspiration ethnométhodologique.

Replacing the project manager (RPM) during IT project is a known phenomenon, but surprisingly, few studies have investigated the issue. To improve understanding of the situation in the IT field, we propose a research agenda that aims to provide IT professionals the means to sustainably manage RPM in IT projects. The research agenda is structured in line with the goals of theories in Gregor's taxonomy of IS theories, and with the agenda, substantive theories on RPM in IT projects are to be developed. There are four major research questions: i) How is RPM in IT projects experienced? ii) When RPM occurs in IT projects, what happens and why, and how does it affect stakeholders? iii) How can RPM in IT projects be predicted? iv) How to manage RPM in IT projects? The research agenda is discussed and evaluated. IT projects, project manager, project management, turnover, IS theory Research on staff turnover in general has been a topic of considerable research in areas such as sociology, organizational behavior, finance, economics, and accounting, as well as in the IT field, but only a rather small number have addressed the topic of management turnover -variously termed replacement, displacement, succession, dismissal or changes.

Background
Coercion is no longer a valuable practice in conveying good care in French psychiatry. However, the paradoxical consequence of this new consensus is to lock psychiatric practice into a double bind: psychiatric coercion is judged as an “abuse of power” and for its “permissiveness”.
Aims
To analyze this moral anomaly by describing the concrete practice of coercion and its justifications in psychiatry as a solution to the clinical problem of agitation.
Methods
From a medical anthropology perspective on coercion practices in psychiatric hospitals, describe and compare what psychiatrists do and why.
Results
A brief description of a case shows the concrete problem of psychomotor agitation, and its clinical judgment leads to a typology of customary ways of justifying coercion.
Conclusions
The category of violence blurs the clinical meaning of psychomotor agitation as much as it does the practice of physical restraint in psychiatry.

Keywords
Medical anthropology, Clinical Judgment formation, Psychiatry, Coercion, Agitation, Violence

Fecha de recepción: 18 de marzo de 2019 -Fecha de aprobación: 16 de septiembre de 2019 El deterioro de los procesos vitales del planeta producto de las constantes crisis y desastres ambientales nos obliga a repensar la tragedia de los comunes como ejercicios sociopolíticos de regeneración de la vida en territorios devastados. El artículo analiza cuatro casos asociados a la degradación y regeneración de los comunes en Chile y Brasil, revelando que los siniestros normativos anteceden a las catástrofes socioambientales; que el despliegue de las micropolíticas locales contribuyen a la recomposición de lo común, y que la regeneración de la vida se produce por medio de enredos creativos entre humanos y no humanos. Concluimos que el futuro común depende de

Resumen: Considerando la complejidad socioambiental, es importante diseñar y poner a prueba, estrategias teórico-metodológicas que posibiliten investigaciones a nivel local, sin olvidar las interlocuciones con lo global. Este trabajo pretende contribuir desde la Antropología del Territorio al estudio de los procesos territoriales locales donde participan comunidades tradicionales. El objetivo del artículo es, por lo tanto, aportar al estudio interdisciplinario de comunidades tradicionales, subrayándose dos aspectos: a) la necesidad de investigar la diversidad existente en el interior de las comunidades tradicionales; b) la necesidad de poner valor a conocimientos y saberes de actores diversos por medio de la noción de "sentido patrimonial"; con lo cual se intenta contribuir con la mejora del mundo para "ganarnos nuestro futuro".

RESUMEN Durante los primeros meses del año 2016 sucedieron en el archipiélago de Chiloé una serie de trastornos ecológicos en el ecosistema marino que provocaron una de las mayores crisis socioambientales del último tiempo en la zona sur austral de Chile. A pesar de que es posible identificar los contornos específicos de la crisis, referidos a la marea roja, las investigaciones que movilizan el debate presentado en este texto muestran que la crisis se inscribe en un amplio e histórico proceso de transformación socioambiental experimentado en el archipiélago, con implicancias en las diferentes esferas de la vida social y ecológica de Chiloé. Apoyándose en diversas investigaciones antropológicas realizadas en los últimos siete años el artículo entrega, a modo de diálogo antropológico, los elementos clave para descifrar la crisis socioambiental de Chiloé: una historia de auge y decadencia en la explotación de recursos naturales, los conflictos territoriales y las estrategias de acción de los grupos organizados, los fenómenos migratorios intra y extra-regionales y las dinámicas de movilidad archipelágica. Asumiendo las diferentes dimensiones y aproximaciones, el artículo discute las intersecciones entre las investigaciones y la antropología pública, identificando los principales desaf íos que la crisis socioambiental coloca a la disciplina. En suma, al artículo expone las evidencias del despliegue de un proceso de transformación en curso, cuyo futuro, aún incierto, puede representar el punto de cambio para una recomposición territorial del archipiélago de Chiloé.

Inspired by Sweetness and Power, in which Sidney Mintz traces the colonial and mercantilist routes of enslaving tastes and artifi cial needs, thiS paper maps a late-20th-century global trade in bodies, body partS, desires, and invented scarcities. Organ trans plant takes place today in a transnational space with surgeons, patients, organ donors, recipients, brokers, and intermediar ies-some with criminal connections-following new paths of capital and technology in the global economy. The stakes are high, for the technologies and practices of transplant surgery have demonstrated their power to reconceptualize the human body and the relations of body parts to the whole and to the per• son and of people and bodies to each other. The phenomenal spread of these technologies and the artificial needs, scarcities, and new commodities (i.e., fresh organsl that they inspire -especially within the context of a triumphant neoJiberal ism-raise many issues central to anthropology's concern with global dominations and local resistances, including the reorder• ing of relations between individual bodies and the state, between gifts and commodities, between fact and rumor, and between medicine and magic in post modernity.

The United States lacks a coherent national health program. Current programs leave major gaps in coverage and recently have become more restrictive. Influential policies that have failed to correct crucial problems of the health-care system include competitive strategies, corporate intervention, and public-sector cutbacks with bureaucratic expansion. A national health program that combines elements of national health insurance and a national health service is a policy that would help solve current health-care problems. Previous proposals for national health insurance contained weaknesses that would need correction under a national program. Based on the experiences of other economically advanced countries, a national health program could provide universal entitlement to health care while controlling costs and improving the health-care system through structural reorganization. Current proposals for a national health program contain several basic principles dealing with the scope of se...

La tesis se encuentra dividida en seis partes, en la primera se presenta el diseño de investigación y el marco teórico-conceptual o lo que Soriano (2013) llama estado histórico de la cuestión o del conocimiento, el cual fue desarrollado con diversos conceptos tomados de la antropología, la teoría de la comunicación, la semiótica y el análisis del discurso. En la segunda parte se hace un recuento breve de la historia de la medicina, se exponen los conceptos de la antropología médica, la relación médico paciente, cómo se evalúan los tratamientos médicos, los modelos médicos, el uso y consumo de otras formas de atención a la salud, las bases de la homeopatía y su articulación con la semiótica y la antropología, cómo llegó a México y también los resultados de una investigación etnográfica en un hospital homeopático en la ciudad de México. En la tercera y cuarta parte se presenta el análisis del movimiento escéptico contemporáneo, la presentación y análisis de las principales objeciones contra la homeopatía, así como algunos de los experimentos realizados para probarla o refutarla. En la quinta parte el análisis se centra en la evaluación de la hipótesis de si la homeopatía tiene efecto más allá del efecto placebo, si hay un consenso científico en contra y se analizan los principales casos de mortalidad asociados a la homeopatía y presentados en la prensa. Por último, en la sexta parte se hace el análisis epistemológico, se presentan los resultados de un estudio netnográfico, el análisis semiótico discursivo del material en conjunto y la interpretación antropológica.

El artículo ensaya una llave teórica para pensar las temporalidades en los procesos culturales de una ciudad no metropolitana. Desde un abordaje cualitativo y etnográfico, trabaja sobre las marcas espaciales y temporales que se expresan en las prácticas culturales y artísticas situadas en una ciudad de pequeña escala del noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante el período 2019-2023. Los resultados muestran articulaciones entre espacio, tiempo y cultura, organizadas alrededor de la producción cultural de trayectorias personales e institucionales, que explican los principios de continuidad, estabilidad y quietud con las que se suelen caracterizar este tipo de territorios.

Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico Universidad de La Laguna 5 Resumen ejecutivo El objetivo del Informe "Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico" es proporcionar resultados detallados sobre cómo es la vida de las mujeres que han sido diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama en la isla de Tenerife, con el fin de identificar los efectos de esta enfermedad en la vida y trayectoria de las mujeres, y conocer las necesidades y oportunidades de este colectivo. El Informe se basa en las respuestas recogidas entre el 15 de enero y el 18 de noviembre de 2020 de mujeres diagnósticas con cáncer de mama, pasado un período de 5 años o más. Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico Universidad de La Laguna 6 Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico Universidad de La Laguna 13 Introducción El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más frecuente entre las mujeres de todo el mundo. En Canarias, en 2020 la incidencia (los nuevos casos detectados durante el año) fue de 1506, 749 en la provincia de Tenerife. Se trata de una enfermedad de tipo crónico que afecta a diferentes ámbitos de la vida de las mujeres, entre ellos al aspecto físico, al bienestar psicológico, al trabajo o a las relaciones interpersonales. Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico Universidad de La Laguna 15 OBJETIVO GENERAL 1: Conocer las consecuencias a largo plazo que ha supuesto el cáncer de mama en los ámbitos socio-laboral, afectivo-psicológico y médico de las mujeres tinerfeñas que han sido diagnosticadas hace cinco años o más. Laboral: rastrear las dificultades de incorporación laboral, los efectos de la enfermedad tanto para las que tenían trabajo antes de la enfermedad como para las que no lo tenían, pero han intentado encontrarlo. Reconocimiento de la incapacidad laboral o discapacidad por parte de la empresa. Apoyo afectivo: abordar los problemas derivados de la enfermedad en su entorno afectivo familiar y de amistades. Conocer las percepciones sobre el papel de la familia y las amistades en el abordaje de la enfermedad. Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico Universidad de La Laguna 16 OBJETIVO GENERAL 2: Averiguar la opinión que tienen las mujeres sobre los equipos de profesionales de la salud que las han atendido desde el diagnóstico. Hemos diseñado un estudio con dos técnicas diferentes y complementarias: por un lado, un cuestionario y por otro, entrevistas individuales. En el cuestionario ECMA (Efectos Cáncer de Mama) se recogen todas las dimensiones objeto de estudio, tanto en formato on-line como en papel, con la intención de llegar al mayor número de mujeres residentes en la isla de Tenerife. El formato on-line, junto al uso de internet y las redes sociales para difundirlo hizo que muchas mujeres de otras partes del país contestaran también. Pero además hemos llegado a las pacientes de los centros de salud primaria, de los hospitales públicos de la isla, socias de Ámate, de Sinpromi (estas dos últimas entidades colaboradoras del METV). En total, han sido 256 mujeres las que han contestado entre enero y noviembre del 2020 el cuestionario. El cuestionario, diseñado por el equipo de investigación, mide todos los aspectos apuntados en los objetivos y pretende ser un instrumento para la validación de futuros estudios cuya población sea similar a la de este proyecto. Con las entrevistas individuales se profundiza en las voces de las mujeres afectadas. El objetivo de las entrevistas es recoger y rastrear las percepciones, trayectorias y discursos sobre el efecto del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres; esta técnica permite que sean las mujeres las que resalten, argumenten y describan, con más detalle, los efectos, las consecuencias que más les afectan y sus razones. Aunque para este informe nos detendremos fundamentalmente en las valoraciones sobre su vida sociolaboral y el trato del equipo médico, por ser los dos aspectos menos estudiados. Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico Universidad de La Laguna 17 diversidad en relación a los siguientes criterios: edad, situación sociolaboral y zonas de residencia. Se realizaron 13 entrevistas entre Junio y Octubre del 2020 (ver Apéndice). Las repercusiones del cáncer de mama en la vida de las mujeres: Los efectos tras años de diagnóstico

RESUME Introduction/ but. La maladie a virus Ebola se manifeste par une fievre associee a des signes divers non specifiques. En periode d’epidemie, tout signe associe a la fievre pourrait conduire un patient dans un centre de triage. L’objectif de ce travail etait de decrire la distribution des motifs d’admission des patients dans le centre de traitement Ebola (CTE) de Police training School II (PTSII) de Freetown en Sierra Leone. Methodes. Il s’agissait d’une etude transversale retrospective qui consistait en une analyse des donnees relatives aux motifs d’admission entre decembre 2014 et fevrier 2015. La PCR etait utilisee pour la confirmation des cas de la maladie a virus Ebola. Un test de diagnostic rapide du paludisme etait systematiquement realise chez tous les patients. Resultats. Nous avons enregistre 152 admissions dont 93 hommes et 59 femmes. 52 patients soit 34,21% des admissions avaient une PCR positive. La moyenne d’âge des patients etait de 28,37 ans avec des extremes d...

The present study was aimed at analysing socioeconomic inequity regarding the use of health services in Ecuador, inequity regarding the geographic distribution of healthcare-related human resources and reflecting on the challenges concerning equity which the Ecuadorian health system is currently facing. The Ecuadorian Demographic, Maternal and Infant Health Survey (2004) was used as the main data source, as its sample was representative of the Ecuadorian population. Multilevel multivariate analysis (MLWiN 2.02 statistical software) and spatial data analysis regarding health resources (GeoDa 1.0.1) were used for estimating the effects of using health services. It was found that social, economic and geographic inequity limited access to health services in Ecuador. People living in low economic resource households or indigenous housing and people living in rural areas (many of them having all three characteristics at the same time) had less possibility of using health services. In spit...

O presente trabalho traz como proposta de análise a luta por acesso à saúde dos povos indígenas em retomada no Maranhão, durante a pandemia da Covid-19, especialmente o contexto da vacinação dos Akroá Gamella, Anapuru Muypurá, Kariú-Kariri, Tremembé da Raposa, Tremembé do Engenho e Tupinambá, no ano de 2021. Diante de todo o histórico de desterritorializações e conflitos violentos que marcam a existência desses povos, durante a pandemia da Covid-19 os povos se depararam com o retorno de um antigo debate sobre os critérios de indianidade estabelecido pelo indigenismo oficial. A contenda se instaurou em virtude de deliberações das políticas indigenistas postas em prática pelo governo federal, sobretudo a partir do lançamento do Plano Nacional de Imunização (PNI), que estabeleceu a categoria indígena aldeado em terras demarcadas, e a publicação da Resolução n. 4/2021 da FUNAI, em que se criou critérios jurídicos para determinar quem é ou não é indígena. Os documentos evidenciavam o projeto do governo Bolsonaro em promover a exclusão de políticas públicas voltadas aos povos indígenas. Ainda em 2020, os mesmos povos haviam denunciado a recusa, por parte do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena no Maranhão (DSEI/MA), em prestar atendimento específico e diferenciado no tratamento contra a Covid-19, sob a justificativa do cumprimento dos critérios de indianidade e a alegação de que os mesmos deveriam ser atendidos pelo SUS dos municípios onde encontram-se localizados. No dia 25 de janeiro de 2021, os povos redigiram a primeira Carta Aberta denunciando a exclusão dos mesmos no Plano Nacional de Vacinação contra a Covid-19, argumentando que são duplamente violentados e penalizados e que o plano deixou de fora os indígenas que vivem nos centros urbanos, os quais, segundo dados do Censo do IBGE de 2010, são cerca de 46% da população indígena no Brasil”. Após a carta, a Secretaria de Estado dos Direitos Humanos e Participação Popular (SEDIHPOP) garantiu em nota que tanto os Tremembé quanto os Akroá Gamella haviam iniciado processo de imunização, além de reforçar a atuação da Força Estadual de Saúde do Maranhão (FESMA) para atuar junto ao DSEI no processo de vacinação dos indígenas. Manifestou-se, ainda, favorável ao diálogo com os povos Kariri, Anapuru Muypurá e Tupinambá para garantir a vacinação dos mesmos, além do diálogo com movimentos sociais, representantes do CIMI e da CNBB e demais interessados. Após a circulação e impacto do primeiro documento, outras cartas foram redigidas e novas estratégias de articulação e resistências, visando garantir o acesso à saúde de forma específica e diferenciada, foram traçadas pelos povos, culminando em uma dinâmica de fortalecimento de seus processos de retomada, luta por reconhecimento e garantia de direitos.

Nesse capítulo escrevo um conto baseado no cotidiano de trabalho de uma UBS no qual a  profissional se encontra com Maria, mulher negra, periférica e usuária de drogas que dizia ter nascido para ser mãe. O desenrolar da história conta sobre perdas, sofrimentos sócio-políticos e as vicissitudes da construção de um acompanhar na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.

Condomless sex between gay men, also known as bareback sex, has been a popular object of research since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. One of the most common perspectives on studying bareback sex has been through a medicalization approach, as it may be observed notably with public health and psychology. In other instances, the abandonment of condom use is framed as an intentional act of resistance to public health. Through the methodological approach of ethnography, I studied how young gay men in their twenties from Toronto understand bareback sex in relations to popular discourses of the sexual practice. While my informants initially had a certain way of talking of bareback sex, their narratives on the sexual practice changed with time and challenged the common representations of bareback sex as either a site of resistance or medicalization, which I argue was possible because of the methodological approach of ethnography. During fieldwork, other themes also emerged in regards to shaping understandings of bareback sex and HIV as it relates to young gay men, such as the traumatic memories of an older generation who witnessed the earlier days of the AIDS epidemic. From this anthropological research, I seek to invite the opportunity to rethink the relationship between sex, biomedical science and HIV. Les pratiques sexuelles sans condoms entre hommes gais, aussi connus sous l'expression du « barebacking », ont été un objet de recherche populaire depuis le début de l'épidémie du SIDA. L'une des perspectives communes pour étudier le barebacking est sous une approche de la médicalisation, telle qu'observée notamment en santé publique et psychologie. Dans d'autres cas, la même pratique sexuelle est comprise comme étant un acte de résistance intentionnelle contre la santé publique. À partir de l'approche méthodologique de l'ethnographie, j'ai étudié comment de jeunes hommes gais dans la vingtaine vivant à Toronto, comprennent le barebacking en lien aux messages populaires de la pratique sexuelle. Initialement, mes informateurs parlaient du barebacking d'une certaine manière, néanmoins leurs récits sur la pratique sexuelle ont changés avec le temps et ne correspondaient pas avec les représentations communes du barebacking comme étant lieu de médicalisation ou de résistance. Lors de mon terrain, d'autres thèmes se sont avérés être importants par rapport à la compréhension du barebacking et du VIH en relation aux jeunes hommes gais, dont les souvenirs traumatiques d'une génération antérieure qui a vécu les débuts de l'épidémie du SIDA. À partir de cette recherche anthropologique, je souhaite offrir l'opportunité de repenser la relation entre le sexe, la science biomédicale et le VIH. always there for me, from the very beginning to the end, always showing me support and knowing how to guide me during the times I had challenges. I look up to Ari as a mentor. I would also like to take the time to thank my committee members, Dr. Vincent Mirza, Dr. Meg Stalcup, and Dr. Michael Orsini and I would like to thank as well Dr. Julie Laplante for accepting to be the chairperson at my defense. Additionally, thanks to the professors of the School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies and the professors of the Institute of Feminist and Gender Studies of the University of Ottawa of whom, all in their own unique way, have helped me develop critical thinking, which has led me to the completion of this thesis. This research project would have not been possible without the warm hospitality of my dear friend Warren who welcomed me at his place in Toronto during the length of my fieldwork. Although I cannot name them to protect their anonymity, I would also like to thank all of my informants who were generous enough to give me their time and do interviews with me. Finally, last but not least, I must take the opportunity to express my biggest gratitude for my dear friend Elijah Herington who helped me tremendously in the writing process with his generosity in taking the time of sharing his amazing editing skills.

A 39 year cleft palate lady had been treated since she was 19 years old by different design obturators after partial breakdown of surgical correction. The first obturator was fabricated into two pieces connected to each other using minidental magnets. A new obturator was prescribed to the patient and constructed in one piece with hollow opened box. Later, the box window was closed and retained by three ready-made ball stainless steel clasps. Two years later due to caries, a new obturator was designed with hollow palate and nasal box and retained by three magnets placed over three remaining abutment teeth into their cast copings.

Medical anthropologists have long located their work at sites of illness,
sickness, and disease, where people and their kin experience physical
and highly emotional states of discomfort brought on by social, political,
biological and environmental happenings. The collected papers in this
Anthropologica thematic edition focus on how powerful global assemblages
and political economies affect vaccine development, manufacture, regulation,
and distribution in early twenty-first-century neoliberal technoscience and
post-colonial cultures. This volume expands the social science scholarship
on vaccines beyond ethnographic contributions to clinical studies of their
pharmacological protective and therapeutic implications to reveal the global
logics of vaccine making.

Objective: To explore how ageism exists in rural area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia and influence elderly female patient TB illness experience.

Method: An ethnography studies design was conducted with three focus group discussions of 8 elderly females, 8 elderly males, and 8 adults of 35-55, in-depth interviews with 15 elderly, semi-structure interviews with 6 health workers, and observation in obtaining data.

Setting: Sleman of Regency, Rural of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia

Result: Ageism influence elderly female TB patient illness experience. Ageism reflected in misconception toward ageing, and provision of care toward elderly.

Conclusion: Misconception on ageing is relating to how the younger view physical condition, cognitive function, and emotional state of the elderly. Ageism is employ in the form of language and norms, which infiltrated the communal perception, and expressed in negative stereotyped and belief.

Keywords: ageing, ageism, illness experience, elderly female patient.

This book uses the notion of "discretionary medicine" to explore the landscape of contemporary healthcare in Pakistan. It considers how patients frequently experience health interventions as out of touch with the su!ering of everyday life and how healthcare provisions are viewed as intrusive, corrupted, and lacking in empathy towards the sick. The study focuses on mental health, acknowledging that the experience of mental illness in Pakistan is increasingly inseparable from conditions of chronic poverty caused directly by deepening inequality. The chapters address the establishment of priorities by the Pakistani healthcare system in conjunction with global disease programs and investigate the misalignments between the priorities of global institutes and local expectations/realities. It is argued that the discretionary nature of medicine is caused by the remnants of colonial-era laws, which link the maintenance of public health with questions of security. This, the author suggests, frequently contributes to forms of care that are riddled with bureaucratic violence. Using a combination of archival and ethnographic research, the book o!ers a multi-sited and interdisciplinary perspective on healthcare, ranging from care within low-income households and neighborhoods to diasporic communities and state institutions. It will be of interest to scholars and students of medical/ psychiatric anthropology, global health, and history of medicine, as well as South Asian and Pakistan studies.

It's common American folk wisdom, apparently started by Benjamin Franklin, that "time is money". You would expect a capitalist country, focused on finance, to worship the dollar and define time in terms of cash. It gives people a reason for working as much as possible, producing as much as possible, to make as much money as possible. We are all born with time on our hands, and a culture that uses our hands to make money. We serve the machine. It’s time for that to stop, and for people to start looking for the qualities of life that money cannot buy. These are the things that make life worth living, even if it does not make your life worth more money.

This article explores the contradictions within the medical profession, where doctors often model unhealthy behaviors they are trained to treat, such as tattooed dermatologists, smoking cardiologists, and breast health specialists who wear tight bras. It critiques how cultural conditioning blinds both doctors and patients to lifestyle factors contributing to disease, emphasizing that doctors are not immune to the same unhealthy habits. The piece also addresses the pressures and contradictions of medical culture, questioning whether doctors can truly offer sound health advice while they themselves are compromised by the very culture that fuels the diseases they treat.

Ho incontrato Zoey alla Biennale di Venezia durante l’official screening del film ghanese da lei diretto, The Fisherman. Si tratta di una favola moderna ambientata in un pittoresco villaggio di pescatori, dove le tradizioni si mescolano con la cultura giovanile e i social media, come TikTok, creando un affascinante contrasto.

Scoprire l'alterità, ogni individuo è un essere storico situato in un contesto, dove ci si interpreta al suo interno. Quando si cambia contesto spesso ci si trova in una cornice chiusa il cui orizzonte diviene imprevedibile e anche i giochi di rapporti. Rimettere in gioco parti di sé, i sistemi identitari, è la sorte che tocca all'immigrato alla continua ricerca delle radici in ciò che è costitutivo. Si scopre che l'identità è un percorso, mai un punto, qualcosa di mutabile nel tempo (Gian Giorgio Pasqualotto: "Estern West"). Etnopsichiatria clinica riarticolare definizione di confini, incomunicabilità. "Arte di ascoltare i mondi possibili":Sclavi: solo a partire dalla consapevolezza degli impliciti culturali che io posso incontrare l'altro, pur immettendo la propria prospettiva, collocata ma in un dialogo di reciprocità. Saper leggere la dinamica di pregiudizi ci svela il bagaglio del progresso. (qualche suggerimento per quanto riguarda letture sul tema del pregiudizio?o andiam fuori campo?) Etnopsichiatria tran culturale radicale: approccio alla questione del disagio, necessità di ripensare in chiave culturale le situazioni. Natan:"Principi di etnopsicanalisi" ripensare alla psichiatria fuori dall'occidente, in Africa lo psichico è spirituale. A Parigi lavora con gruppi di immigrati di seconda generazione. "Spesso il contesto duale che per noi è secolarizzato culturalmente si mostra diversamente in una dimensione duale gruppale più adatta." Formazione attraverso linguaggi diversi, molteplicità culturale Coppo: Utilizzare le mappe dell'altro e rimettersi in discussione, rimettere in discussione le categorie diagnostiche La qualità e l'incontro con l'altro han generato sofferte tensioni.

morreu no dia 12 de setembro de 2021. Gostaríamos de prestar uma homenagem póstuma a essa grande mulher e agradecer pela sua convivência como docente, por 30 anos na UnB. Natural de Ijuí (RS), Lourdes formouse em Ciências Sociais pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, tinha mestrado em sociologia pela UnB (1975-1978) e doutorado em antropologia pela Université René Descartes, em Paris. Fez pós-doutorado, em Sociologia do conflito, na École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, também na capital francesa. Desde 2005 era professora titular do Departamento de Sociologia da UnB. Coordenava o Nepem (Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas da Mulher) e era membro do

This article discusses the underreported risks of breast cancer linked to two lifestyle factors: alcohol consumption and tight bra usage. While alcohol is a known carcinogen associated with increased breast cancer risk, bras are seldom discussed as a contributing factor. Tight bras inhibit lymphatic circulation, which impairs the body's ability to remove toxins and fight cancer cells. The combined effect of alcohol and bra usage results in alcohol toxins accumulating in the breasts when lymphatic flow is restricted by tight bras, exacerbating breast cancer risk. Despite the evidence, cultural biases, the fashion industry, and the medical community's focus on genetics and pharmaceuticals have prevented widespread acknowledgment of these factors. It is advised for women to reduce alcohol intake and go bra-free for improved breast health, citing findings from the International Bra-Free Study. The article also criticizes the medical and industry influence in concealing the health hazards posed by these lifestyle factors.

This article is a first approximation to an anthropological analysis of the Mission Barrio Adentro , the organizational strategy that, since 2003, has tried to respond to the serious deficiencies of the national health system. Within the framework of the new national project expressed in the 1999 constitution, the author describes the principal characteristics of the new system, utilizing the evidence proportioned by field work in the Municipalities Maracaibo and San Francisco in the State of Zulia. It is assumed that the triad health-diseaseattention constitutes a social and culturally conditioned system and that changes as well as resistances will find expression in day-today experience. The first results indicate that the most important change is the accessibility of the majority of the population in situation of poverty to doctors and medicine within the framework of primary health care, together with the conformation of a local network of relations based on the doctor's consulting room.

The opioid overdose crisis in the United States has prompted an expansion of treatment services, including pharmacotherapy with buprenorphine. However, many people who use illicit opioids (PWUIO) selftreat their opioid-use disorder (OUD) with non-prescribed buprenorphine (NPB) in lieu of attending formal treatment. The present study aims to qualitatively understand motivations of people who are self-treating their OUD with NPB. Methods: Qualitative study designed to supplement and contextualize quantitative findings from natural history study of buprenorphine diversion, self-treatment, and use of substance use disorder treatment services. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, systematically coded and analyzed via Iterative Categorization. Study Setting: The Dayton, Ohio metropolitan area in the midwestern United States; a site previously characterized as high impact in the national opioid overdose crisis. Participants: Sixty-five individuals (35 men and 30 women) who met the DSM-5 criteria for OUD (moderate or severe) and had used NPB at least one time in the six months prior to their intake interview. Results: Participants described four key motivators for self-treating with NPB: perceived demands of formal treatment, the desire to utilize non-prescribed buprenorphine in combination with a geographic relocation, to self-initiate treatment while preparing for formal services, and to bolster a sense of self-determination and agency in their recovery trajectory. Conclusions: Use of NPB is a recognized self-treatment modality among PWUIO, with some PWUIO transitioning into sustained recovery episodes or enrollment in formal treatment. Understanding the motivations for opting out of treatment is crucial for improving forms of care for people with OUD. buprenorphine (Suboxone, Subutex, ZubSolv and generic buprenorphine/naltrexone formulations), or antagonist naltrexone, has expanded across the U.S. (Stein et al., 2012; Turner et al., 2015). In some states, this has been supported by the expansion of the public insurance program Medicaid (Mojtabai et al., 2019; Sharp et al., 2018; Wen et al., 2017), which now includes a provision guaranteeing coverage for mental health and substance use treatment services (Services, U. C. f. M. a. M., 2019). However, pharmacotherapy for OUD remains underutilized (

El volumen que el lector tiene ante sus ojos constituye la última entrega correspondiente a la caracterización etnográfica de los principales pueblos indígenas venezolanos conocidos gracias a la bibliografía especializada y los censos del siglo XX, incluidos en la conceptualización original de esta serie editorial, planteada a finales de los setenta por su editor fundador, doctor Walter Coppens, por él expuesta en el prólogo al volumen III. Seguirán otros volúmenes referidos a grupos minoritarios, en proceso de diferenciación étnica, indígenas procedentes de otros países latinoamericanos en el marco de procesos migratorios muy recientes o colectividades consideradas desaparecidas o invisibles ante los operativos censales pero cuyo sentido de identidad parece haber experimentado ahora una reactivación, por razones que serán exploradas en un futuro. Coppens también planteaba volúmenes especiales compilatorios de ensayos de caracterización de etnias venezolanas del presente y del pasado desde la óptica de las distintas disciplinas de la antropología, como la antropología física, la arqueología o la lingüística, aunque esa idea no ha impedido que algunos datos de esas áreas del conocimiento también se incluyan en los volúmenes de etnología antigua o contemporánea. Como en las entregas anteriores, en este volumen se ha procurado mantener algunos de los campos descriptivos comunes propuestos por Coppens, si bien esa recomendación nuevamente se ha hecho difícil en algunos casos, dada la notable exposición y grandes transformaciones culturales experimentadas por XIV Los aborígenes de Venezuela