Construction Management

The construction industry in Ghana has come a long way over the years with the introduction of a wide range of materials; both indigenous and imported. The Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) conducted an extensive research on the production of Pozzolana from local resources and licensed Pozzolana Ghana Limited (PGL) as the sole producer of the cement named PozzoMix Portland Cement. One important objective was to reduce cost of cement by 18-20%, and save up to US$30 million annually emanating from imports. The objective of the study was to examine the reason for the low utilization and patronage of Pozzolana cement in the Ghanaian construction industry, Findings from the research indicated that the low patronage of Pozzolana cement was due to a low level of awareness, the lack of commercially available quantities of the product on the market, poor marketing and lack of active governmental support.

This study has been undertaken to examine the feasibility analysis of Industrial waste unlike Foundry sand, Ferromanganese slag and Tyre Chips in Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) by partial replacement to the natural aggregates and stone dust used in WMM. Various mix designs were conducted using different proportions of the Industrial waste and aggregated mix together by partial replacement of industrial waste products to the natural aggregates especially fine aggregates and stone dust. Various laboratory tests i.e. Grain Size Analysis, Standard Proctor Test to determine the MDD and OMC of the mix, Permeability Test, California Bearing ration (CBR) were carried out to analyze the properties of the newly formulated mix in accordance with the conventional mix design of WMM. Further field applications and field results were conducted to analyze the practicability of the mix.

Construction projects are increasing in size, scale, and complexity. Large scale construction projects (LSP) in Korea use international joint venture design teams (JVDT), which results in another layer of complexity into project delivery. Contractors experience unexpected design-production interface problems throughout the production stage that requires fast resolution to ensure the project meets completion deadlines. Korean contractors engaged on LSPs carry responsibility for both the design and production under the Korean regulatory system; hence design management at the bid and pre-production stage is used to manage the interface between design and production. Design management has focused upon the design stage to co-ordinate and control the design sequence there is a need for the contractor to have more practical and production-oriented design management, which could be implemented from the contractor’s perspective through the production stage. The research considers how design-...

Architecture arose from man's need and struggle for shelter, since then, his most formidable and persistent challenge has come from the climate he lives in. As far back as the renaissance epoch, architecture has been recognized as an intellectual disciple rather than merely a craft to be learned in apprenticeship. In Current contemporary Nigerian practice, where architectural craftsmen (draughtsman) and all shades of architecture illiterates become dominant parishioners of the same profession,charlatan has been responsible for many of the substandard buildings and known building failures.Charlatan has posed a severe danger to the building construction sector from the beginning of time. These issues do arise;however, they are not entirely distinct from various types of failures. More importantly, various attempts in the past, and even now, to checkmate or control the threats connected with charlatans in the construction sector have generated little or no results, and have frequently proven futile. However, the purpose of this article is to investigate the issue of charlatan in Nigerian architectural practice and the dangers associated with it, as well as to state the current role of the architect and other related professionals in the construction industry in order to find a long-term solution to the problem plaguing the industry.

Maloutas, T., Spyrellis, S. N., & Vatavali, F. (2025). Unregulated Urban Regeneration in Athens: greening and Taxation of the Built Environment as Impending Levers of Increasing Inequalities. Land, 14(4), 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040777

Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, and the Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please

This paper presents a new methodology for obtaining a quantitative measure of human task perJorrnance complexity and effort on the construction site. An example application of the developed methodology to the analysis of concrete placement tusks is provided. The developed method can be used to aid construction equipment manufacturers in understanding and assessing the automation potential for a variety of construction work tasks.

Construction industry is highly competitive and a job creator for a different groups of expertise such as owners, consultants, contractors and other shareholders. General objectives is to assess the effects of issues determining the presentation of public building construction project in Assosa Zone. The research was used quantitative design; the data was collected from owners, consultants, and contractors using questionnaires and interviews. The performance problems of which the respondents were asked to rank each according to the five-point Likert scale. The results of this research identified 74 factors influencing the performance of public building construction project. From among factors escalation of material prices, unavailability of resources as planned through project duration, sequencing of work according to schedule, differentiation of currency prices, leadership skills of project manager, are the top five significant factors in Assosa zone. To accomplish the public building construction project without delay the clients should hire a specialized engineer and the consultant should give training for the project organization. The contractors should be using the qualified employees with good experience to avoid any problems during construction of the project.

Project Management in India has been one of the most under rated aspect of a construction project. Until recently, it has been observed as more of a burden than being a powerful tool to complete the project efficiently and in a timely manner. Some of the major contributors in the above are adhering to multiple formats, extensive record keeping, processing Project Management data into Project Management information, analyzing the outcomes and implementing improvements at site, etc. However, with rapid globalization, Project Management techniques have been adopted in various construction projects across the country and proved to be highly efficient in completing complex projects in a time bound manner with optimum results and desired quality. The construction and commissioning of complex commercial buildings like Hospitals mandate the implementation of Project Management processes, more so in Indian market scenario. There is a huge scope for improvement in a construction project by following the PM processes from the inception of the project. The author is currently working as the Planning &Co-ordination Head for the construction of India's largest Medical Campus. An attempt is made by the author to amalgamate Project Management practices with realtime construction and commissioning of a fully air conditioned hospital in India.

This paper aims to focus on the sustainability integration approach in the building project and its impact on influencing the project performances. The preliminary study in this research indicated 29 sustainability principles to be considered towards achieving successful performance of a sustainable building project. The study utilised a case study method with interviews, observations and review of the relevant documents to explore the sustainability principles that have been integrated into the project and their impact towards the sustainability performance of the project. This paper looks at a case study project in Malaysia: the Diamond building, which is a successful sustainable building project in Malaysia. The finding reveals the benefits of sustainability integration approach towards achieving successful performance of a building project.

Risk analysis is used to evaluate many aspects of a project, specially the sensitiveness of some key variables. Risk analysis together with statistical analysis allow managers to know some insides like their variables dependency or independency and their variance. Scenario analysis provides best-case, most likely-case and worst-case scenarios. These scenarios help managers to recognize when the project is moving in a specific direction. Break-even anlysis helps managers recognize for example the minimum number of units to sale before a project starts making a profit. Simulations allow managers to see the interrelation of the ramdomness of key variables that could be expected. However, none of these analysis allow us to recognize the expected results at the end of the jorney as real options does. Real Options when combined with a decision tree show the expected results of the different roads the project turns. It is like a map that shows finantial results at each possible road in the map and helps in decision making while in the middle of the project, helping to turn the project in the right direction. This paper uses an example to tour what can be known from inside of the real options and risk analysis.

Risk analysis is used to evaluate many aspects of a project, specially the sensitiveness of some key variables. Risk analysis together with statistical analysis allow managers to know some insides like their variables dependency or independency and their variance. Scenario analysis provides best-case, most likely-case and worst-case scenarios. These scenarios help managers to recognize when the project is moving in a specific direction. Break-even anlysis helps managers recognize for example the minimum number of units to sale before a project starts making a profit. Simulations allow managers to see the interrelation of the ramdomness of key variables that could be expected. However, none of these analysis allow us to recognize the expected results at the end of the jorney as real options does. Real Options when combined with a decision tree show the expected results of the different roads the project turns. It is like a map that shows finantial results at each possible road in the...

Recently, there has been a growth in the research interest on applied machine learning (ML) in safety analysis in the construction industry. The increased interest is part of a search for improved prevention of occupational accidents with a focus on text analysis and natural language processing (NLP). However, ML-based approaches have been less adapted compared to their perceived benefits due to barriers of implementation and challenges in analysing safety records in the construction sector. And the current literature has been criticized for a lack of clarity around the description of methodologies, interpretation, and the context of the application. Therefore, this work aims to review the latest developments in research applying ML to accident report analysis in construction. A review of the published literature on ML-based analysis of construction accident reports was carried out and organized in terms of the data pre-processing, algorithms, testing and implementation and further organized based on data structure. The results of the review found limitation related to data availability besides the manual structuring and the less use of unsupervised learning reflect complexity of handling textual accident data. Moreover, types of accidents happen in proportionally varying frequencies and need careful tackling outside basic assumptions of data pre-processing in addition to the general need for data pre-processing comparative studies and automated pipelines. The review also showed that data mining (DM) and unsupervised learning were less used especially with semi-structured and unstructured datasets reflecting maybe inefficient natural language processing (NLP) application with these types of learning. Among the reviewed articles, only four out of six prototypes were externally validated on construction environment thus we propose that future efforts would benefit from incorporating a standardized development method that also explicit how ML safety recommendation informs decision making. Future research should experiment and ascertain different choices in the pre-processing stage, validating the performance of the ML models and implementation in the construction practices. Finally, there are more advanced NLP methods that could be applied if domain specific repositories were available such as relation extraction and there are various advances that could be explored including large language models (LLMs).

This journal explores the key steps and considerations involved in the interior design (ID) fit-out process, a vital aspect of creating functional, aesthetically pleasing, and operationally efficient spaces for businesses, homes, and commercial establishments. This research covers the stages of planning, design, procurement, construction, and final handover, as well as the critical factors influencing the overall success of an ID fit-out project. Introduction: An interior design fit-out project is the process of transforming a space to meet the specific needs of the client, whether for commercial or residential purposes. This process includes design, spatial planning, construction, installation, and final finishes to create an environment that aligns with the intended function and aesthetic vision of the space. The fit-out process is not only about aesthetics but also the efficient use of space, compliance with regulations, and alignment with the project's budget and timeline.

Most business organisations often cite the staff as their greatest asset but have not appropriate mechanisms for managing the knowledge or intellectual capital that is embodied in these staff. The importance of Knowledge Management is now being realised and businesses are starting to formulate strategies and to invest in systems that will enable them to manage their corporate knowledge. This is a relatively new concept for construction organisations, which have a fundamental need to manage knowledge as they move from one project to another, working with different partners and supply chains. This paper examines the information technology (IT) and contextual issues involved in formulating an appropriate knowledge management strategy for construction firms. Basic definitions of knowledge and knowledge management are provided. Insights from ongoing research are used to discuss the context for knowledge management in construction, and the role of information technology (IT) as an enabler for knowledge management. The concluding section of the paper formulates guidelines that will enable construction organisations to more appropriately develop IT and knowledge management strategies that will enable them to improve their business performance.

The construction industry notoriously excels at dispute creation both in Ireland and abroad. This paper examines mediation in the Irish construction industry as a means of conflict and dispute resolution. It aims to identify success factors for appropriate competencies and processes required by mediators and other parties operating in the construction industry. Methodology includes a thorough review of the literature, followed by detailed interviews from industry experts to elicit and highlight the core competencies required. To aid in the analysis, qualitative analysis using mind mapping software was used. The findings suggest that facilitative mediation was best suited for the Irish construction industry. 13 and 17 success factors were identified as key skills necessary for a mediator and for a successful mediation process. For the skills, it ranges across behavioural, technical and intellectual skills. The mediation process factors can be split into actions of the mediator and other parties in the dispute. The results are similar to those identified in other countries and provide a good reference point for the development of the global construction industry. By following the findings of this report mediators and parties in dispute can improve processes and be more successful in mediation outcomes as a means of resolving conflicts and dispute.

Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimates. In addition to imparting the economic feasibility of capital projects, extensive delays provide a fertile ground for costly disputes and claims. This paper presents the ®ndings of a survey aimed at identifying the most important causes of delays in construction projects with traditional type contracts from the viewpoint of construction contractors and consultants. Results of the survey indicate that contractors and consultants agreed that owner interference, inadequate contractor experience, ®nancing and payments, labor productivity, slow decision making, improper planning, and subcontractors are among the top ten most important factors. It is hoped that these ®ndings will guide eorts to improve the performance of the construction industry, and will be useful to international engineering and construction ®rms seeking a share in the Jordanian and the regional markets.

Megaprojects present significant economic risks to their financiers and sponsors. Factors such as inflation, cash flow issues, material and energy price hikes and change in government policies can cause such capital intensive projects to overrun planned budget and schedule allocations. Where the project is a commercial asset, delayed completion time and cost overruns usually have significant impact on the profitability of the project as well as the estimated returns on investment over the operational phase of the project. Understanding the dynamics of specific risks can thus be very crucial in designing containment measures to deal with their likely impact on the project. Using a case-study of the Edinburgh Trams project in Scotland, the dynamics of identified economic risks in transportation megaprojects is presented. Through the combination of interviews, questionnaires and non-participant observation, different economic risk factors were first identified. The identified factors w...

Construction management is a highly competitive project-based field of complex specialized services, creating or altering the built environment for a client. For construction projects to be successful, and in turn, for construction firms to be successful, understanding the relationship of performance statistics as indicators of project outcomes, such as cost, time, and profitability, is essential. There have been a number of efforts made to identify key performance indicators related to construction project success. However, due to lack of available data, many questions remain. There lies an opportunity to analyze project statistics as indicators of project success, similar to the way analytics have been used to predict success in sports. Construction firm project data for a portfolio of building projects were analyzed, and this study identifies correlated factors for completed building construction projects. A highlight of this correlation analysis identified profit differential as demonstrating a strong relationship with the number of requests for information and architects supplemental instructions on a project.

Construction management is a highly competitive project-based field of complex specialized services, creating or altering the built environment for a client. For construction projects to be successful, and in turn, for construction firms to be successful, understanding the relationship of performance statistics as indicators of project outcomes, such as cost, time, and profitability, is essential. There have been a number of efforts made to identify key performance indicators related to construction project success. However, due to lack of available data, many questions remain. There lies an opportunity to analyze project statistics as indicators of project success, similar to the way analytics have been used to predict success in sports. Construction firm project data for a portfolio of building projects were analyzed, and this study identifies correlated factors for completed building construction projects. A highlight of this correlation analysis identified profit differential as...

A schematic view of the North Spur Ridge illustrates the stability problem. When the water level is raised with 22 m, from +17 m to +39 m, a force N w starts to act on the cut-off wall. The question is if the shear stresses  -  on a possible slip surface (red dotted line) are big enough to hold the force N w in equilibrium. Here  o is the in situ stress before the water level starts to rise. The lower left figure illustrates the material properties of the soil with a shear stress/strain () diagram with a maximum shear stress s and a residual softened shear stress s R . The red dotted line indicates the classic ideal plastic assumption with no reduction of the shear strength. When the force N w starts to act on the cut-off wall, the soil behind the wall starts to deform () and shear stresses ( ) are growing according to the stress-strain diagram. When the shear stresses reach the maximum value s, they start to soften and are finally reduced to the residual value s R close to the wall. The maximum value the wall may carry is N crit = ∫( o )dx as illustrated in the lower right figure. In order for the slope to remain stable, N crit must be at least as large as N w . The main objective of a stability analysis is to calculate N crit for varying material properties. If unrealistic ideal plastic properties are assumed (green dotted line), there will in many cases falsely be no apparent stability problem.

Introduction générale soutien indéfectible m'a permis de surmonter les obstacles avec détermination. C'est pourquoi je tiens à remercier tout spécialement Bastien CLERGUE. Ses idées novatrices, sa perspicacité analytique et sa volonté inébranlable d'atteindre l'excellence ont façonné de manière significative cette thèse. Je souhaite également exprimer ma sincère reconnaissance envers tous les membres du groupe de recherche en Finance de MRM. Leurs précieux commentaires, conseils et remarques formulés lors de mes présentations ont revêtu une importance capitale pour l'évolution de cette recherche. Leur expertise collective a agi comme une boussole, guidant mes réflexions et enrichissant ma méthodologie. Enfin, j'adresse mes remerciements à l'IAE de Montpellier, à Anne LOUBES et Emmanuel HOUZE qui se sont succédé à sa direction et qui m'ont permis, dès le début de cet apprentissage, d'enseigner au sein de l'institut. C'est pour moi un immense privilège d'avoir pu les côtoyer et d'avoir pu commencer à exercer dans un métier qui me passionne et dans lequel je souhaite persévérer. Ma famille et mes amis ont été les piliers sur lesquels j'ai pu m'appuyer tout au long de cette aventure. Leur soutien moral, leurs encouragements infaillibles et leur compréhension ont été un réconfort précieux dans les moments de doute et de fatigue et m'ont permis de surmonter les moments difficiles. Je tiens particulièrement à remercier ma mère Nathalie et mon grand-père Julien pour leur travail assidu de relecture. Je remercie également mon père, Éric, pour ses conseils afin que je persévère dans cette quête de la connaissance, reflétant sa passion pour la découverte et la compréhension. Enfin, je tiens à remercier ma soeur Ambre, pour son soutien et ses encouragements qui ont été une source de motivation et d'enthousiasme. Le travail de recherche est une activité pouvant être très solitaire et je mesure la chance qui m'a été faite de pouvoir compter sur des amis dévoués. Je ne pourrais pas tous vous citer, alors, un grand merci à Camille, Paul-André et tous les autres, qui m'ont soutenu tout au long de mon parcours. J'exprime également un remerciement particulier à mon voisin et ami Cédric, pour son soutien indéfectible, son travail de relecture, et pour m'avoir écouté parler de ma thèse durant ces trois années. Enfin, cette thèse incarne également l'idéal de la recherche en tant que pilier fondamental de la société, un vecteur de progrès et d'épanouissement. Elle représente la contribution modeste d'une voix à l'édifice du savoir, dans l'espoir qu'elle puisse, ne serait-ce qu'à une petite échelle, enrichir le corpus des connaissances humaines. En exprimant ma gratitude à tous ceux qui ont contribué à ce travail, je reconnais que cette thèse ne saurait réellement rendre justice à leur générosité et à leur soutien. Mes mots sont une humble tentative de leur rendre hommage, en espérant que leur impact perdure bien au-delà de ces pages.

Open dumping is the most common method of solid waste disposal in many developing countries including Sri Lankan urban areas. Appropriate landfill site selection is important to minimize negative impacts associated with open dump sites. Landfill siting is an extremely difficult task to accomplish due to strong public opposition and regulations. Developing countries do not have a systematic process for landfill site selection and hence unsuccessful landfill siting leading to environmental degradation is typically the result especially in the developing world. Data were collected from Kandy district, Sri Lanka. Both GIS analysis and semi quantitative risk assessment were used and eight map layers such as surface water bodies, distance from transportation routes and urban areas, land use/land cover, soil, rainfall, population density, elevation were utilized. ArcGIS 9.3 software and its extensions were used as the GIS tool since it is able to perform suitability analysis using Multi Cr...

The Industrial Revolution is the restructuring of society under the influence of innovations in technology and technique, which is accompanied by a jump in productivity. Today, the 4th revolution is taking place, which is rapidly changing the landscape of various areas of life, including architecture and the construction industry. The Industry 4.0 revolution connects technologies used in organizations and people's daily lives. It combines physical and digital technologies. But it doesn’t develop as a daily simple life in architecture and construction industry like many other industries like as automotive, aircraft, electronic etc. The relevance of the study is to study and analyze the stage of the historical event on the industrial revolutions (specially fourth industrial revolution) and his realization in today's construction and architecture industry.
Purpose of study: a comprehensive review of contemporary and historical literature related to fourth industrial revolution, and his realization level in the industry with specific focus on construction and architecture industry. Thus, the main tasks of the study can be distinguished as follows: review of historical literature and basic understanding of the industrial revolutions; understanding of Industry 4.0 and its principles and benefits; reveal and intro-duce Industry 4.0 in construction and architecture industry; some samples about using Indus-try 4.0 in construction and architecture industry.
The third-part of research is devoted to the implementation of the fourth wave technology idea in construction and architecture.
The research used the method of analysis of scientific and historical literature and documents related to the Industrial Revolution (specially fourth industrial revolution) and his achievement in the construction and architecture industry to achieve and formulate conclusions.
The conclusion of study is about today’s stage of realization of fourth industrial revolution in the construction and architecture industry and his point of view to next industrial revolution which start from 2017. The author believes that the development of the construction and architecture industry now and in the future depends on the attention and use of new industries and professionals in this industry specially IT specialists and technology.
The scientific novelty of the study is to study, analysis, identify main factors of Indus-try 4.0, and collection of some samples of realization of this technology (fourth wave technologies) in construction and architecture industry.

The growing emphasis on energy efficiency within the built environment, driven by global concerns over climate change, has resulted in notable shifts in building energy consumption patterns. Achieving reductions in building energy use and CO₂ emissions through sustainable strategies necessitates the development of country-specific policies. While numerous energy assessment tools are available internationally, they often lack contextual relevance for Uganda and many Sub-Saharan African countries.Therefore, there is a pressing need for a tool tailored to Uganda's distinct climatic conditions. This study aimed to identify key building sustainability indicators to promote energy efficiency in Ugandan buildings. Utilizing the Delphi Technique, experts from academia, construction, energy consulting, and government agencies evaluated 35 building indicators over two assessment rounds. The consensus among experts was validated using the Interrater Agreement, with a significant Kendall's W value exceeding 0.6, rising from 0.655 in the first round to 0.704 in the second. Construction consultants showed the highest W value (0.77) in the second round, followed by energy consultants (0.74), while academicians had the lowest (0.7). The Chi-square test demonstrated strong agreement in ranking indicators across 34 degrees of freedom. The most significant indicators identified include "B20-Optimization of energy use," "B8-Advanced design and construction technology," and "B27-Natural ventilation design," among others. The Delphi Technique was instrumental in achieving expert consensus, while interrater agreement was used to validate and ensure the reliability of the findings. The developed framework provides critical insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to advance energy efficiency and sustainability within Uganda's built environment.

Purpose-The study is about conducting a quantitative inquiry of the drivers that facilitate and barriers that hinder the adoption of Green Buildings (GBs) in Qatar. This will help pave the ground for increased GB development in Qatar. Design/methodology/approach-Using previously published studies, 21 barriers and 14 drivers related to GB development are identified. Based on the findings of a questionnaire survey involving 102 construction industry experts, the significance of GB drivers and barriers in the case of Qatar is determined. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis is conducted to determine the significance of relationships of drivers and barriers for GB adoption in Qatar. While conducting PLS-SEM analysis, drivers and barriers have been aggregated and subsequently analyzed across 4 and 5 constructs, respectively. Findings-While all the driver constructs are interrelated, only drivers related to economic and cost benefits have a significant relationship with GB adoption. Also, in case of barriers, only the barriers related to fear of extra expense and additional work have a significant relationship with GB adoption. Research limitations/implications-Based on the relationships of drivers and barriers identified, recommendations are provided for increased uptake of GBs in Qatar. The study findings will enable decision-makers to ease the process as well as initiate policymaking for increased GB adoption. Theoretically, the findings of this study will contribute to the growing knowledge of GB projects. Originality/value-GB development is highly contextual in terms of the region of development. In-depth studies on GB drivers and barriers have been missing for Qatar and this gap is filled by this study.

The construction industry has acquired a poor reputation in performance issues. Project success is dependent on, amongst other factors, the performance of the contractors. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the performance of construction projects in the Gaza strip. Sixty questionnaires were randomly distributed to contractors and 46 questionnaires were received (77% respondent rate). Sixty three factors were identified and categorized into ten groups. The level of importance of these factors were measured and ranked by their importance index from the contractors' perspectives. The most important factors were average delay arising from closures and materials shortage, availability of resources as planned through project duration, leadership skills of the project manager, escalation of material prices, availability of personnel with high experience and qualification and quality of equipments and raw materials in project. It is recommended that construction organizations have a clear mission and vision to formulate, implement and evaluate their performance.

يُعد كتاب "معجم المصطلحات الإدارية" مرجعًا شاملًا وأساسيًا يهدف إلى توفير دليل واضح ودقيق للمفاهيم والمصطلحات التي تشكل العمود الفقري لعلم الإدارة. يتناول هذا الكتاب مجموعة واسعة من المصطلحات الإدارية التي تُستخدم في مختلف المجالات التنظيمية والوظيفية، سواء في القطاع العام أو الخاص، مقدمًا تعريفات موجزة وشاملة تُسهم في تعزيز فهم القارئ لهذا العلم الحيوي.

يتضمن المعجم ترتيبًا أبجديًا للمصطلحات، مع شروحات تتسم بالعمق والوضوح، مرفقة بأمثلة عملية توضح كيفية تطبيق هذه المفاهيم في بيئات العمل المختلفة. كما يركز الكتاب على ربط المصطلحات الإدارية بالتطورات الحديثة في عالم الأعمال، مما يجعله أداة لا غنى عنها للطلاب، والباحثين، والمهنيين الذين يسعون لتعميق معرفتهم وتطوير مهاراتهم الإدارية.

إن الهدف من هذا المعجم ليس فقط تقديم قاموس لغوي، بل بناء جسر معرفي يُمكن القارئ من استيعاب اللغة الإدارية وتطبيقاتها العملية، ليكون بذلك رفيقًا موثوقًا في رحلة التعلم والتطوير المهني

Tóm tắt: Nghiên cứu này khảo sát sự tích lũy vi nhựa trong bốn loài hai mảnh vỏ có giá trị thương mại từ chợ thủy sản ở Đà Nẵng. Mật độ vi nhựa trong bốn loài dao động từ 5,2 đến 10,33 vi nhựa/cá thể và từ 1,38 đến 7,39 vi nhựa/g khối lượng ướt . Trong đó, mật độ vi nhựa cao nhất được ghi nhận ở Nghêu (Meretrix lyrata) (10,33 ± 5,78 vi nhựa/cá thể; 7,19 ± 3,8 vi nhựa/g). Vi nhựa có sự phong phú về màu sắc với ta m nho m ma ch nh ao gồm đo , va ng, xanh lam, xanh l c, tra ng trong o t , đen và tím. Sợi và mảnh là hai dạng vi nhựa chủ yế được phát hiện. Vi nhựa dạng sợi màu xanh lam với chiều dài trong khoảng 100 -1000 μm là phổ biến nhất ở cả bốn đối tượng nghiên cứu. Kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy ô nhiễm vi nhựa đã phổ biến và ở mức độ tương đối cao trong các loài động vật hai mảnh vỏ tại Đà Nẵng.

This paper presents a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based navigable 3D animation of project activities to visualise and review a construction project schedule as an alternative to the existing 4D CAD tools. Most of the commercial tools allow planners to build a 4D model but lack features like generation and manipulation of developed 4D model on a single platform. To facilitate the 4D model manipulation, both 3D model and the project schedule are developed within GIS. However, models generated by using popular commercial tool like y and the schedule generated in Primavera or Microsoft Project can also be utilised within the proposed approach. The animation of the project activities utilises dynamic linkage between activities of the schedule and the corresponding 3D components, thus, allowing detection of missing activities and logical errors in the project schedule. The database management capabilities of GIS are also utilised to maintain and update the construction resource database to facilitate the project planning. Most of the existing 4D technologies do not have project management capabilities and are used mainly for planning and design phases of a project. GIS based approach suggested in this paper may be used as the project management tool at any stage of the project. Along with 'what' is to be built 'when', a navigable 3D GIS based animation conveys 'where' in the space and offer powerful schedule visualisation, planning and querying capabilities.

As the population grows rapidly and the standard of living increases, the demand for housing will increase. One way to meet housing needs is to build housing. Housing development must be in accordance with careful planning in determining the investment model to be made in housing development. The initial stages of housing development start from surveying the location, number and type of houses to be built, marketing, to selling to consumers. The housing development process must also be calculated economically with the investment method, to find out whether this housing can be economically profitable or not. Based on the calculation of investment analysis with an investment period of 6 years, the Net Present Value (NPV) is Rp. 33,716,228,908 (NPV>0), the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 23,18% (IRR>MARR), Payback Period (PP) in the 3rd year to 11th months is smaller than the 6 year investment period, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) is 1.42 (BCR > 1), and Break Event Point (BEP) gets a percentage for type 30/60 of 90% with 132 units, type 36/60 by 69% with 207 units, type 36/72 by 56% with 172 units, and type 48/84 by 48% with 32 units. And from the sensitivity analysis results it is known that housing investment Puri Mahkota Muktiwari will still be feasible if the increase in investment costs is less than 20.15%, the decrease in the occupancy rate is not more than 16.74%, the decrease in the selling price level is not more than 16.7% and the increase in loan interest rates is less of 122.22%.

This study shows the results of a multidisciplinary collaboration between the University of Calabria (Italy) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), about the compositional characterization of some mortars taken from Hagia Sophia in Istanbul (Turkey), one of the most important buildings in antiquity. Twenty samples of joint mortars were analysed by micro-chemical analyses (SEM-EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The compositional study allowed us to define, with more detail, the construction phases of the fifth, sixth and tenth century. The petrographic analysis in thin section by optical microscopy showed four typologies of sands, used as aggregate, with specific compositional features. SEM-EDS analyses and TEM observations of the binder around the ceramic fragments of the aggregate showed the presence of different morphologies of single C-S-H compounds.

ABSTRACT
The research presents an empirical study on the effect of non-engagement of qualified professionals on construction performance in Nigerian, aims at identifying the significant factors that are responsible for the use of unqualified professionals, measure the performance of construction project in Nigeria and provide the strategic solution to improve the construction performance. Information was obtained from the client (the owner of the project), consultants (the producers of construction documents) and contractors (the user of construction documents) for the purpose of comparing the significant factors identified by the three sets of respondents. Out of the seventy five questionnaires administered, sixty were retrieved and used for the analysis of the study. The statistical methods used for analysis are frequencies, percentages, bar chart and mean item scores. The findings of the research show that the construction industry is full of quacks and inexperienced professionals. Their involvement in build¬ing construction has led to a lot of collapse in the past and at present. Poor management and leadership on the part of the Site Engineers and Build¬ers have also contributed many problems such as quality failure, cost & time overrun, rework and poor ethics practice which are ill wind that blows no good to the construction industry.  While the contractors agreed that the consultants and client are responsible for engagement of unqualified professionals, the consultants took a speculative view in agreeing that the contractors are responsible for the malicious practice of unqualified professionals. However, the collective agreement of the clients and consultants was that contractors are responsible for the malicious practice of unqualified professionals. Therefore, this study concludes that contractors are the main culprit for engagement of unqualified professional in the construction industry and they were not just willing to accept blame for their misfortunes and low performance in Nigerian construction industry hence, tends to shift blame. The study recommends that for all construction works being undertaken, such should be designed and supervised by qualified registered professionals. Also code of ethical conduct of building profes¬sion should be strongly enforced by the bodies concerned so as to prevent ethical abuse by the professionals in the industry.

El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar cómo las competencias de liderazgo afectan el ambiente de trabajo en las pequeñas empresas de América Latina. Se realizó una investigación de carácter cuantitativo con enfoque causal, siguiendo un diseño no experimental y de tipo transversal. La importancia de este estudio se basa en su aporte al conocimiento esencial para la creación de un modelo de gestión eficaz dirigido a las micro y pequeñas empresas en América Latina, con el objetivo de optimizar su productividad. Uno de los hallazgos destacados es que la habilidad directiva relacionada con el trabajo en equipo es la que ejerce el mayor impacto en el ambiente laboral, con una puntuación de 2.5898883. A través de los resultados obtenidos, es viable evaluar la influencia de los procesos del sistema en el clima organizacional, lo que facilita la identificación de áreas de mejora y ventajas que posibilitan la formulación de estrategias en beneficio de las pymes, promoviendo así su progreso y expansión.

y a mis compañeros tesistas que tuvimos el honor de elaborar nuestras tesis en el LEM -UNI. Finalmente a todos aquellos que de alguna manera tuvieron que ver en la realización .de la presente Tesis. IV.4.2 Caractetisticas de los morteros de inyección con aditivo IV.5 Procedimiento de diseño CAPITULO V PROCEDIMIENTO DE LOS ENSAYOS DE LABORA TORIO V.1 Ensayos en el mortero V .1.1 Ensayo de Fluidez V.l.2 Ensayo del peso Unitario V.l.3 Ensayo de exudación V.1.4 Ensayo del Tiempo de fraguado V.1. 5 Ensayo de Compresión V.2 Ensayos en el mortero de Inyección V.2.1 Ensayo de Fluidez V.2.2 Ensayo del peso unitario V .2.3 Ensayo de Compresión V.3 Dosificaciones elegidas CAPITULO VI , ELABORACION DEL CONCRETO CON MORTERO INYECTADO VI.1 VI.2 VI.3 VI.4 Consideraciones generales Elaboración del concreto con mortero inyectado Diseño del mortero patrón Procedimiento para elaborar con mortero inyectado sin aditivo VI.4.1 Selección de los agregados y demás componentes VI.4.2 Diseño del mortero fluido sin aditivo para elaborar CiviiSA VI.4.3 Elaboración del testigo de Concreto con mortero inyectado sin aditivo VI.5 Procedimiento para elaborar concreto con mortero inyectado con aditivo VI.5.1 Selección de los aditivos y agregados VI.5.2 Diseño del mortero fluido con aditivo para elaborar Cl\1ICAIS Vl5.3 Elaboración del testigo de concreto con mortero inyectado con aditivo CAPITULO VIl ENSAYOS EN EL CONCRETO CON MORTERO INYECTADO Vll.l Generalidades VII.2 Ensayo de Resistencia a la Compresión VTI.3 Ensayo de Tracción por compresión diametral VTI.4 Ensayo de Módulo de Elasticidad Estático-método de niveles ópticos O CAPITULO VIII CUADROS Y GRAFICOS DE RESULTADOS VIII.1 Generalidades VIII.2 Cuadros de resultados VIII.3 Gráficos de resultados CAPITULO IX EVALUACION DE RESULTADOS. IX.1 Generalidades IX.2 De los agregados IX.3 Del mortero IX.3.1 Mortero Fluido sin aditivo IX.3.2 Mortero fluido con aditivo •rxA Del concreto resultante IX.4.1 Concreto elaborado con mortero sin aditivo inyectado en la estructura del agregado grueso IX.4.2 Concreto elaborado con mortero con aditivo inyectado en la estructura del agregado grueso CAPITULO X CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES Generalidades X.1

Within the past two decades, various warm mix asphalt technologies (WMA) have been introduced with the goal of mix production at lower temperature as compared to the traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). Effect of the WMA additives on the rheology of binders and mechanical properties of the mixes have been well investigated by several researchers. However, studying the effect of age hardening on the mechanical properties of the compacted WMA has not been adequately researched. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on changes in shear and Young's dynamic modulus of three popular WMA technologies in the United States as well as a control HMA over a period of four years. To this end, small scale cylindrical specimens were prepared and studied in the laboratory. A chemical additive, a wax-based additive, and water foaming process were utilized in preparation of the specimens. The specimens were tested for properties at various time intervals. Modulus was measured right after preparation and laboratory short term conditioning, then at subsequent intervals after production: two years, and four years. The results indicate different trend of hardening with respect to the modulus across the technologies within the range of this study. Impact resonance (IR) tests at three temperatures of 10, 25, and 40 o C were conducted on the replicates to non-destructively measure the shear and Young's modulus values of the specimens. IR results indicate that the trend of changes in modulus with time is different among the mixes.

This article adopts practice-based theory for understanding inter-organisational knowledge work and extends it with a discussion of the role of redundancy. In this view, a constellation of firms is a multiple configuration of communities of practices, characterised by overlapping practises, multiple memberships and different levels of participation, and accompanied by a governance frame. The paper discusses central mechanisms for coordinating knowledge in such a complex construction project. The knowledge relations are conceptualised through focusing on redundancy, understood as negotiated common assignment of meaning, brokers (e.g., design managers), boundary objects (e.g., drawings) and arenas (e.g., meetings). The paper presents an ethnographic case study of a project partnership between engineers, architects and contractors in construction using the partnering concept. The focus is on two dialogue excerpts, one on process, and one on product knowledge exchanges. The diversity and disjunctive feature of the practices form a condition of possibility for knowledge handling and synthesis into the built construct. Relation-based interaction is necessary with boundary objects and brokers, requisite redundancy and governance.

Completion of a construction project with budget is frequently seen as a major criterion of project success by clients, contractors, consultants and related stakeholders. It is here that project management becomes essential tool for the delivery of effective projects than the traditional functional management. However, the construction industry is faced with challenges to meet budget. This study is conducted to identify the top five cost over-run factors and survey is conducted on 140 respondents. The samples were drawn using convenient sampling approach. Primary data is collected using the self-administered questionnaires. While secondary data is collected through reviewing of related materials and the analysis is conducted using SPSS version 20. As per the contractor' response, the top five factors that causes cost overrun of construction projects were from medium to high. On the other hand, the top five factors as per the response of consultants and clients ranged between high to very high. The contractors outlined the top five factors that causes cost overrun in construction projects are poor planning, fluctuation of price of materials, poor productivity, inflationary pressure and project financing in descending order.

Completion of a construction project with budget is frequently seen as a major criterion of project success by clients, contractors, consultants and related stakeholders. It is here that project management becomes essential tool for the delivery of effective projects than the traditional functional management. However, the construction industry is faced with challenges to meet budget. This study is conducted to identify the top five cost over-run factors and survey is conducted on 140 respondents. The samples were drawn using convenient sampling approach. Primary data is collected using the self-administered questionnaires. While secondary data is collected through reviewing of related materials and the analysis is conducted using SPSS version 20. As per the contractor' response, the top five factors that causes cost overrun of construction projects were from medium to high. On the other hand, the top five factors as per the response of consultants and clients ranged between high to very high. The contractors outlined the top five factors that causes cost overrun in construction projects are poor planning, fluctuation of price of materials, poor productivity, inflationary pressure and project financing in descending order.

Sustainable Smart Cities (SSCs) have garnered significant attention due to the accelerating rate of urbanization, and digitalization recently. The main objective of SSC initiatives is to seamlessly integrate digital technology into the city's fundamental systems, ultimately enhancing the citizens' quality of life. In light of this, a study was conducted to pinpoint the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) necessary for Abu Dhabi's transformation into SSC. These CSFs were identified via an investigation of the literature and further confirmed by practitioners via semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Through these methods, the research demonstrated a robust correlation between SSC implementation and CSFs. With this in mind, the study identified 22 CSFs across four primary categories: people and communities, governance, technology, and management and organization. The study then prioritized these CSFs for Abu Dhabi, highlighting the importance of end-user involvement, accountability, good communication, and project team skills and experience in boosting the implementation of SSC initiatives. Ultimately, it is crucial to consider and prioritize CSFs when designing SSCs to ensure that they truly benefit citizens and the economy. This research provides a useful framework for cities around the world looking to create and implement SSC initiatives that will enhance their citizens' quality of life.

Results indicated that WPB can be suitably used as a modifier for asphalt mixes as a part of sustainable management of plastic waste as well as for improved performance of asphalt mix. WPB content of 5.0 % by weight of OBC is recommended as the optimum WPB content for the improvement of performance of asphalt mix. Asphalt mix modified with 5.0 % WPB by OBC weight has higher stability value compared to the conventional asphalt mix. Asphalt mix modified with higher percentages of WPB exhibit lower bulk density, higher flow and higher air voids.

Design errors are claimed to account for 26% of the cost of defects, these in turn are stated to encompass 2-9% of production cost for building and constructions. Lack of knowledge and information has been identified as a major reasons for design errors. Recently Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been considered as a mean for reducing design errors. However, limited research has been conducted on the role of BIM as a means for transfer and sharing knowledge in order to reduce design errors. The aim of the paper is to analyse BIM's role of facilitating knowledge and expertise sharing in order to prevent design errors. The aim is achieved by analysing a case study of design errors in a construction project. By drawing on the concept of boundary object it is confirmed that BIM can serve a mean for preventing design errors by facilitating knowledge and expertise sharing, across discipline, time and space, and professional boundaries. Depending the kind of boundary knowledge and expertise should be shared across, different challenges emerge in organizing the knowledge and expertise sharing

In the 1980s an innovative concrete footing system was designed, tested, developed and constructed to address the problem of high variability in onsite materials management. The need to improve reliability in housing concrete footings was directly related to a business imperative. At the time the state manager of a large national housing developer was exploring ways to increase revenues through developing efficient on-site materials management. The genesis of the solution was borrowed and adapted from other situations. The human story of the creation, development and adaptation journey of the innovation had not been uncovered although the technical story was well documented. The Australian Housing Supply Chain Alliance commissioned a study so that lessons could be learned about the pathway for highly innovative firms seeking to explore and commercialise novel ideas. Eight detailed semi-structured interviews with ten participants from seven organisations were conducted combined with document analysis from organisational records and court reports. A narrative analysis was used to map fifty one stories from the ten key protagonists against the agenda setting, matching, redefining and routinising innovation process framework. Contributions of intellectual, social and culture capital were identified across the collaborating organisations clarify the innovator group capability. This paper focussed on the role of intellectual capital for the successful implementation of an innovative housing construction system. Intellectual capital was a very important theme arising from this study including sub themes; knowledge domains, like-mindedness, collective contributions, re-strategising and adaptability, formalisation and ownership of intellectual property, patents and disputes, demonstration of credibility and building of reputation through various artefacts.

IBS precast concrete is construction system which is meant to improve the conventional construction process. However IBS precast concrete projects are suffering from serious problems such as cost overrun, delays and less quality of the end product. The absence of coordination is perceived as the reason for this issue. The purpose of this paper is to review the significance of coordination for IBS precast concrete in the construction industry. It if found that the fragmentation which occurs in the construction industry requires continuity of coordination due to the construction activities are intertwined in nature. Coordination is designated to assist stakeholders in completing and complementing each other with the paramount focus of achieving the objective. Proper coordination is required in delivering the desired construction product at the ideal time, cost and quality. As for the findings, the significance of coordination for IBS precast concrete can be seen through the precast concrete construction phases which consist of planning; design; manufacturing; transportation and installation/construction. These phases are meant to complement construction process with the purpose to reduce issues of fragmentation and enhance IBS precast concrete project delivery.