Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Salud y Bienestar Humano I. Resumen El abuso sexual de niñas, niños y jóvenes es un fenómeno universal, dadas las complejas situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar y los límites difusos de personalidad y de la sociedad. Investigaciones previas sugieren que el nivel de empatía de los profesionales involucrados en la atención de esta problemática mejora con la formación e influye en la calidad del apoyo que pueden brindar a los afectados. Este trabajo valida tanto la influencia de la empatía, como su capacidad de mejorar por medio de la formación de los profesionales en el ámbito de la prevención. Este objetivo se cumplió gracias a un programa de capacitación online realizado entre los años 2013 y 2018, con más de 200 participantes en varias cohortes. Mediante entrevistas personales, grupos focales, observación participante y encuestas específicamente diseñadas, se evaluó el rol de la empatía disposicional; se correlacionaron los resultados estadísticamente y se contrastaron con la influencia que los acontecimientos sociales tienen en la percepción de los participantes. Los resultados obtenidos validan la importancia que tiene la formación sobre la empatía del profesional del área.

Este estudio presenta una intervencion de caso unico en una paciente con diagnostico de trastorno de estres postraumatico y de depresion mayor asociada. Para el tratamiento se implementaron terapias con evidencia empirica. En la fase de evaluacion se empleo la escala de trauma de Davidson, el inventario de depresion de Beck y una entrevista clinica. Despues de proponer los objetivos terapeuticos, se aplico la terapia de exposicion prolongada y la terapia cognitiva conductual. La intervencion se desarrollo durante 19 sesiones de tratamiento y se utilizaron tecnicas de psicoeducacion, exposicion, reestructuracion cognitiva, respiracion y orientacion vocacional. Finalizado el tratamiento se redujeron considerablemente los sintomas ansiosos y depresivos, y se presento una reincorporacion a ambientes sociales y educativos de la paciente. Estos resultados son congruentes con la evidencia cientifica disponible que soporta los altos niveles de eficacia de estas terapias para la intervencion...

44.Maddesi uyarınca yapılan değerlendirmeler sonunda; tezin kabul tezde düzeltme tezin X edilmesine verilmesine reddedilmesine oy birliği / oy çokluğu ile karar verilmiştir. Gereği için arz olunur. Danışman Üye Üye Üye Üye Üye Anabilim Dalı Başkanı Onayı: Doğuş Üniversitesi ("Üniversite") olarak kişisel verilerinizin güvenliği hakkında azami hassasiyet göstermekteyiz. Üniversite olarak, Üniversite ile ilişkili tüm şahıslara ait her türlü kişisel verinin 6698 sayılı Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu ("KVK K.")'na uygun olarak işlenmesine ve gizliliğinin sağlanmasına büyük önem vermekteyiz. Anayasa m.20/3 ile tanınan "kişisel verilerinizin korunmasını isteme" hakkınızın bilincinde olarak, KVK K. kapsamında tanımlı "Veri Sorumlusu" sıfatıyla, kişisel verilerinizi mevzuata uygun şekilde işlemekteyiz. Daha geniş açıklama için Doğuş Üniversitesi As Doğuş University ("University"), we show maximum sensitivity about the security of your personal data. As a university, we attach great importance to the processing and confidentiality of all personal data of all individuals associated with the University in accordance with the Law No. 6698 on Protection of Personal Data ("KVK K."). Being aware of your right to "ask for the protection of your personal data" recognized by the constitution article 20/3, as "Data Controller" defined within the scope of KVK K., we process your personal data in accordance with the legislation. For a broader explanation you can visit hakkımızda: about us kisisel-verilerin-korunmasi: protection of personal data (Form No: FR-001, Revizyon Tarihi: 30.09.2016, Revizyon No:00) Adı ve Soyadı : Nurhan NAZ Danışmanı : Doç. Dr. Onur YILMAZ Türü ve Tarihi : Doktora Tezi, 2023 Alanı : Klinik Psikoloji Anahtar Kelimeler : Tanrısal otorite ilişkileri, ebeveyn tutumları, ego fonksiyonları, çocukluk çağı travmaları ÖZET ALGILANAN EBEVEYN TUTUMLARI, ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI TRAVMALARI, TANRISAL OTORİTE İLİŞKİLERİ VE EGO FONKSİYONLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ Bilimsel çalışmalar erken dönemde algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarının ve çocukluk çağı travmalarının yetişkinlik hayatı üzerinde etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar literatüre büyük katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırmada algılanan ebeveyn tutumları, çocukluk çağı travmaları, tanrısal otorite ilişkileri ve ego fonksiyonları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi üzerinedir. Ebeveyn tutumlarının ve ego fonksiyonları arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde Hâkim Olma Başarma ve Yaratıcılık ego fonksiyonu ile ebeveyn tutum bileşenlerinden duygusal sıcaklık-anne arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Ego fonksiyonları alt bileşenleri ile ebeveyn tutumları alt bileşenleri duygusal sıcaklık-baba, aşırı koruyucu anne-baba, reddedicilik anne-baba arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişkiler saptanamamıştır. Ego fonksiyonları ve olumlu tanrı algısı arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde Hâkim Olma Başarma ego fonksiyonu ile olumlu tanrı algısı arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişkiler saptanamamıştır. Ego fonksiyonlarından Gerçeği Değerlendirme, Gerçeklik Duygusu, Savunmaların İşleyişi, Düşünce Süreçleri ve Otonom Fonksiyonlar ile olumsuz Tanrı algısı arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişki saptanmıştır. Tanrı algısı ve çocukluk çağı travmaları arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, olumsuz tanrı algısı ile çocukluk çağı travmaları, duygusal ve cinsel istismar arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Olumlu tanrı algısının düzeyi arttıkça çocukluk çağı travmaları düzeylerinin azalmakta olduğu görülmüştür. Olumlu Tanrı Algısı ile Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları arasında (Duygusal Sıcaklık-Anne, Duygusal Sıcaklık Baba ve aşırı Koruyuculuk-Anne, Aşırı Koruyuculuk-Baba, Reddedicilik-anne, Reddedicilik-Baba) arasında anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Olumsuz Tanrı Algısı ile Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumlarından Reddedicilik-Anne arasında anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Araştırmada uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve evren 516 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Yapılmış olan araştırmada Demografik Veri Formu, Kısaltılmış Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları-Çocuk Formu, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği-Kısa Form (ÇÇTÖ-KF), Tanrı Algısı Ölçeği ve Ego Fonksiyonları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. SPSS 27 ve Lisrel 8.51 programı kullanılarak veri analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçeklerin birbiri arasındaki ilişkiyi analizi etmek için Pearson Korelasyon analizi, ölçek puanlarının kategorik demografik değişkenlere karşılaştırılmasını analiz etmek için Bağımsız Örneklemler t-testi ve ANOVA uygulanmıştır. Ebeveyn tutumları ile tanrı algısı arasındaki ilişkide çocukluk çağı travmalarının aracı rolünü değerlendirmek için yapısal eşitlik modelinin kurulmuştur. Yapılan araştırmanın sonucunda genel anlamıyla algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ve çocukluk çağı travmalarının tanrısal otorite ilişkileri ve ego fonksiyonları üzerinde etkisi olduğu; çocukluk çağı travmalarının algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ve tanrısal otorite ilişkileri arasında aracı rol üstlendiğini gösteren sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Name and Surname : Nurhan NAZ

Background: Anxiety disorders are prevalent among adolescents and may have long-lasting negative consequences for the individual, the family and society. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment. However, many anxious youth do not seek treatment. Low-intensity CBT in schools may improve access to evidence-based services. We aim to investigate the efficacy of two CBT youth anxiety programs with different intensities (i.e., number and length of sessions), both group-based and administered as early interventions in a school setting. The objectives of the study are to examine the effects of school-based interventions for youth anxiety and to determine whether a less intensive intervention is non-inferior to a more intensive intervention. Methods/design: The present study is a randomized controlled trial comparing two CBT interventions to a waitlist control group. A total of 18 schools participate and we aim to recruit 323 adolescents (12-16 years). Youth who score above a cutoff on an anxiety symptom scale will be included in the study. School nurses recruit participants and deliver the interventions, with mental health workers as co-therapists and/or supervisors. Primary outcomes are level of anxiety symptoms and anxiety-related functional impairments. Secondary outcomes are level of depressive symptoms, quality of life and general psychosocial functioning. Non-inferiority between the two active interventions will be declared if a difference of 1.4 or less is found on the anxiety symptom measure post-intervention and a difference of 0. 8 on the interference scale. Effects will be analyzed by mixed effect models, applying an intention to treat procedure. Discussion: The present study extends previous research by comparing two programs with different intensity. A brief intervention, if effective, could more easily be subject to large-scale implementation in school health services. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02279251. Registered on 15 October 2014. Retrospectively registered.

The present study investigated therapist adherence, therapist competence, and patient-therapist alliance as predictors of long-term outcomes of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth. Potential differential effects for group versus individual CBT, for therapists with or without formal CBT training, and based on youth symptom severity were examined. Videotapes (n = 181) from treatment sessions in a randomized controlled effectiveness trial comprising youth (N = 170, M age = 11.6 years, SD = 2.1) with anxiety disorders were assessed for therapist adherence and competence. Alliance was rated by therapists and youth. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and an anxiety symptom measure at pre-treatment, post-treatment, one-year follow-up, and long-term follow-up (M = 3.9 years post-treatment, SD = 0.8, range = 2.2–5.9 years). The change in anxiety symptoms or diagnostic status from pre-treatment to long-term follow-up was not significantly related to an...

Background: Great Plains American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) experience higher mortality rates than Non-Hispanic Whites from the same region. The National Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey can have limitations of the estimates the health risks behaviors and services from one Tribal community to another. Goals and Objectives: The goal of this project is to address the lack of Tribal specific data among AI/ANs in the Great Plains region (ND, SD, NE, IA) by using Great Plains Tribal BRFSS data that captured information for three tribes in the Great Plains region. Tribal specific data will allow tribes to access, address, and possibly implement evidence-based health promotion and chronic disease prevention practices and health policies. The objectives of this project were to: 1) conduct an analysis of the prevalence of different behavioral risk factor indicators in two Great Plains Tribal communities and their respective State Non-Hispanic White population;...

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent and incapacitating psychological disorders. This quasi-experimental study endeavors to examine the impact of three concurrent psychological interventions-namely, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), existential therapy (ET), and transactional analysis (TA)-on individuals afflicted with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) at Milad Hospital. A total of 60 patients were systematically divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, during the period from October to December 2021. The assessment tools utilized included the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The experimental and control groups underwent medicinal treatment, while the experimental group participated in an integrated educational intervention consisting of eight 60-minute sessions. The data collected underwent analysis using the SPSS software. The results of the covariance analysis highlighted the impact of the combined educational regimen, which incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure Therapy (ET), and Thought Analysis (TA), on the obsessive-compulsive beliefs inherent in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that education can be effectively integrated with CBT, ET, and TA to develop psychological therapeutic strategies for individuals with OCD. Given the multifaceted nature of OCD symptoms, exploring a personalized and integrated educational approach for each patient in future research endeavors shows excellent potential.

Στην αρχαία ελληνική σκέψη ήδη από τον σοφιστή Αντιφώντα, τον Γοργία, τον Δημόκριτο
και κυρίως τον Σωκράτη, ο οποίος θεωρείται ο «δάσκαλος» και ο θεμελιωτής του ηθικού
στοχασμού και της φιλοσοφικής επιμέλειας του εαυτού, ήταν διαδεδομένη η αντίληψη πως η
φιλοσοφία έχει θεραπευτική επίδραση για την ανθρώπινη ψυχή. To ιατρικό-θεραπευτικό
μοντέλο της ηθικής φιλοσοφίας προέκυψε μάλλον ως μία ανάγκη των ανθρώπων της
αρχαιότητας να αναζητήσουν και μίαν άλλη τέχνη, ανάλογη της ιατρικής η οποία
επιχειρούσε με συγκεκριμένες διδακτές μεθόδους να ανακουφίσει το πάσχον σώμα, για να
μπορέσουν με τρόπο παραπλήσιο να αντιμετωπίσουν τα πάθη της ψυχής. Η αναδρομική
σύνδεση της Γνωσιακής Συμπεριφορικής Ψυχοθεραπείας (CBT) με την αρχαία φιλοσοφία
γενικά, και ειδικότερα με τον στωικισμό της αυτοκρατορικής εποχής, είναι αρκετά γνωστή.
Αυτό, όμως, που παραμένει αχαρτογράφητο και ζητούμενο της έρευνας είναι ο χαρακτήρας,
ο βαθμός και η ποιότητα της ομοιότητας. Η παρούσα ανακοίνωση αποτελεί μία συγκριτική
μελέτη, η οποία θέτει ως στόχο την ανίχνευση τόσο των ομοιοτήτων, όσο και των διαφορών
ανάμεσα στη φιλοσοφία της αυτοκρατορικής εποχής, όπως αυτή αποτυπώνεται στα Εἰς

Ἑαυτὸν του Μάρκου Αυρήλιου και στη σύγχρονή μας Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφορική
Ψυχοθεραπεία (CBT). Για την επίτευξη του στόχου αυτού απαιτείται μεγάλη εξοικείωση
αφενός μεν με τη ρωμαϊκή κοινωνία των δύο πρώτων χριστιανικών αιώνων και τα ειδικά
προβλήματα των ανθρώπων της εποχής εκείνης, αφετέρου δε με τους όρους γέννησης και
ανάπτυξης της Γνωσιακής Συμπεριφορικής Ψυχοθεραπείας κατά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες του
εικοστού αιώνα. Το γεγονός ότι η Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφορική Ψυχοθεραπεία επικαλείται ως
πρόδρομό της (και οιονεί προπάτορα) τον αρχαίο στωικισμό δεν θα πρέπει να επισκιάζει τις
πολιτικές, κοινωνικές, οικονομικές και θρησκευτικές διαφορές που υφίστανται ανάμεσα στη
ρωμαϊκή αυτοκρατορία των δύο πρώτων μεταχριστιανικών αιώνων και τις σύγχρονες
φιλελεύθερες, εκκοσμικευμένες και αντιπροσωπευτικές δημοκρατίες του ύστερου εικοστού
και πρώιμου εικοστού πρώτου αιώνα εντός των οποίων αναπτύχθηκε και ασκείται η εν λόγω
ψυχοθεραπευτική μέθοδος και σχολή. Η παρούσα ανακοίνωση επιχειρεί να φέρει εις πέρας
το εξαιρετικά δύσκολο έργο της ανάδειξης των διαφορών, πηγαίνοντας πέρα από την
πρωτοβάθμια επίκληση της κοινής ανθρώπινης φύσης επί της οποίας η Γνωσιακή
Συμπεριφορική Ψυχοθεραπεία έχει βασίσει το αφήγημα της ομοιότητάς της με τον αρχαίο
στωικισμό. Η συγκριτική αυτή θεώρηση αναμένεται να φωτίσει καλύτερα τον κοινωνικό,
νοηματοδοτικό και «ψυχοθεραπευτικό» ρόλο που διαδραμάτισε η φιλοσοφία κατά τον πρώτο
και δεύτερο αιώνα μ.Χ.

Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Μάρκος Αυρήλιος, στωικισμός, θεραπεία, Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφορική
Ψυχοθεραπεία (CBT), επιμέλεια του εαυτού.

Au-delà de l'ABC du trAitement CognitivoComportementAl de l'insomnie L'insomnie est un trouble dont la prévalence dans la population québécoise est d'environ 30 % de façon occasionnelle et 10 % de façon chronique 1 . Le médecin, qui voit souvent des patients qui en sont atteints, est en mesure de diagnostiquer un trouble de sommeil, car il connaît les difficultés qui l'accompagnent et les conséquences qui en découlent. Toutefois, dans le contexte d'une consultation en cabinet, offrir un traitement efficace et de surcroît non pharmacologique est très difficile. Annie Vallières et Bernard Guay Quelles sont donc les méthodes efficaces pour traiter l'insomnie autrement que par les médicaments et comment les adapter au contexte clinique du médecin ? Le présent article vise à répondre à ces questions en offrant aux om nipraticiens une façon d'adapter les interventions du trai tement cognitivocomportemental de l'insomnie (TCC-I) au contexte d'une consultation rapide en cabinet afin d'outiller les patients à l'aide de recommandations simples. Cet article approfondit les notions que nous avions abordées dans notre article paru en octobre 2004 2 . Il importe de comprendre les mécanismes du sommeil normal et les bases physiologiques qui appuient le TCC-I. Le sommeil normal dépend du fin réglage entre le principe d'homéostasie du sommeil et le rythme circadien. Ces deux mécanismes travaillent conjointement pour fournir automatiquement un bon sommeil quotidien 3 . Le processus S du sommeil fait référence à une pression pour dormir qui s'accroît pendant l'éveil et diminue pendant le sommeil. Ainsi, la somnolence et le besoin de dormir augmentent en fonction de la durée d'éveil précédente. Durant le temps d'éveil, qui correspond à la période diurne chez la majorité des êtres humains, une substance appelée adénosine s'accumule dans le cerveau et favorise le sommeil. L'adénosine triphosphate des mitochondries agit sur le degré d'énergie. Par conséquent, plus on dépense d'énergie au cours de la journée, plus on accumule d'adénosine qui favorise le sommeil. Lorsqu'on dort, l'accumulation se dissipe par son propre métabolisme, et le cycle recommence au lever.

Understanding how thoughts influence emotions and behaviours is an essential part of personal development. Many people struggle with negative thought patterns that can impact their mental well-being. Cognitive behavioural therapy is a structured approach that helps individuals identify and change these patterns, leading to healthier emotional responses. Working with a therapist, individuals can gain insight into how their beliefs and thoughts shape their reactions to various situations. Through guided discussions and exercises, people learn to challenge unhelpful thoughts and replace them with more balanced perspectives. This method is widely recognised as an effective solution for managing anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions. One of the key aspects of therapy is helping individuals become aware of automatic thoughts that may contribute to stress and unhappiness. These thoughts often stem from past experiences and deep-seated beliefs that influence one's perception of reality. Are you searching for therapist dublin? Check out the earlier mentioned site. By working with a professional in counselling, individuals can begin to dissect these thought patterns and assess their accuracy. This process encourages self-reflection and allows people to develop a healthier mindset. With consistent effort, cognitive

Since the industrial revolution, it has become apparent that economic rationale determines the longevity of various scientific discoveries. Many scientists and researchers in various fields, after being recognized and supported for their work, have been sidelined or ostracized during their lifetimes. Even when praised for the proven genius and effectiveness of their applied work, they were excluded by academic institutions and eventually relatively forgotten. Some died of exhaustion, unable to face the power of the establishment—and sometimes the cowardice of their peers. These pioneers were simply erased from the history of evolution to the great detriment of science and progress, particularly affecting our health.
Georges Quertant, born in 1894, is one of these individuals.

Though the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is wellestablished, the paucity of credentialed providers hinders widespread access. Further, the impact of alternatives such as web-delivered CBTI has not been adequately tested on common insomnia comorbidities such as anxiety. Therefore, we assessed the impact of an empirically validated web-delivered CBTI intervention on insomnia and comorbid anxiety symptoms. A sample of 22 adults (49.8±13.5 yo; 62.5% female) with DSM- 5 based insomnia were randomized to either an active CBTI treatment group (n = 13) or an information-control (IC) group (n = 9). Participants in the CBTI group underwent a standard CBTI program delivered online by a ‘virtual’ therapist, whereas the IC group received weekly ‘sleep tips’ and general sleep hygiene education via electronic mail. All participants self-reported sleep parameters, including sleep onset latency (SOL), insomnia symptoms per the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and anxiety s...

The purpose of this study was to pilot a cognitive behavioral treatment protocol for adolescents with co-occurring alcohol use disorder and suicidality, examine its association with symptomatic improvement, and determine its feasibility and acceptability. Treatment consisted of a 6 month acute treatment phase, 3 month maintenance phase, and a 3 month booster phase, as well as case management services. Participants were also permitted to receive concurrent pharmacotherapy. Five of six families completed the protocol. Measures of alcohol use and suicidality were collected at intake, end of acute treatment, and post-treatment. Decreases in alcohol use and suicidal ideation were reported for all participants. Two of the five participants, both with a prior history of suicide attempts, re-attempted during the course of the protocol. Both were maintained in the study and improved over the subsequent portion of the treatment. A high retention rate, strong therapeutic alliance ratings, and low perceived treatment obstacles provide support for the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention. Preliminary results suggest that integrated outpatient cognitive behavioral treatment for alcohol abusing suicidal adolescents is feasible, acceptable, and associated with symptomatic improvement.

Depression is the principal cause of illness and disability in the world. Studies charting the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents report high percentages of youngsters in both groups with depressive symptoms. This review analyzes the construct and explanatory theories of depression and offers a succinct overview of the main evaluation instruments used to measure this disorder in children and adolescents, as well as the prevention programs developed for the school environment and the different types of clinical treatment provided. The analysis reveals that in mental classifications, the child depression construct is no different from the adult one, and that multiple explanatory theories must be taken into account in order to arrive at a full understanding of depression. Consequently, both treatment and prevention should also be multifactorial in nature. Although universal programs may be more appropriate due to their broad scope of application, the results are inconclusive and fail to demonstrate any solid long-term efficacy. In conclusion, we can state that: (1) There are biological factors (such as tryptophan-a building block for serotonin-depletion, for example) which strongly influence the appearance of depressive disorders; (2) Currently, negative interpersonal relations and relations with one's environment, coupled with social-cultural changes, may explain the increase observed in the prevalence of depression; (3) Many instruments can be used to evaluate depression, but it is necessary to continue to adapt tests for diagnosing the condition at an early age; (4) Prevention programs should be developed for and implemented at an early age; and (5) The majority of treatments are becoming increasingly rigorous and effective. Given that initial manifestations of depression may occur from a very early age, further and more in-depth research is required into the biological, psychological and social factors that, in an interrelated manner, may explain the appearance, development, and treatment of depression.

El propósito de este artículo está basado en una presentación de diferentes concepciones teóricas, que están en la base del estudio del estrés familiar, su desarrollo histórico. Destacando las contribuciones en el avance del campo de conocimientos y comentando algunas limitaciones en el modo de recoger información, manteniendo la perspectiva individual a través de la percepción de algunos miembros de la familia. En los postulados teóricos del artículo se enfatiza en la interacción de variables individuales y familiares. Para encontrar una explicación a la acción que ejerce lo individual en la familia, se profundizó en el enfoque sistémico y en la teoría de los grupos. Llegando a aceptar que en el grupo se entretejen un sistema de vínculos interpersonales que no puede ser entendido como una simple reproducción de cada individualidad, sino como portador de un "individual" redimensionado desde su ubicación física y presencia psicológica en un grupal específico, los contactos entre si, a partir de una serie continua de intercambios entre los integrantes de la familia, suponen una mutua influencia y no una mera causalidad lineal, sino circular. Se plantea una propuesta teórica que argumenta que, las respuestas ante las exigencias o demandas internas o externas en la familia, es una respuesta grupal, lo que nos hace pensar que la valoración cognitiva individual va relacionándose e

This study investigates the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as an intervention for alleviating anxiety and depression among high school students in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Given the increasing prevalence of mental health issues among adolescents, this research aims to evaluate CBT’s potential in providing practical coping strategies and fostering emotional resilience.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 120 high school students diagnosed with anxiety and depression. Participants were assigned to either a CBT intervention group or a control group receiving standard counseling. The CBT intervention consisted of structured sessions focusing on cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, and skills training over eight weeks. Pre - and post-intervention assessments included standardized anxiety and depression scales to measure changes in mental health status.
Results indicated that students in the CBT group experienced significant reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms compared to the control group, with most participants displaying enhanced coping mechanisms and improved emotional regulation. Qualitative feedback from participants highlighted their appreciation for the practical tools learned during the therapy, which helped in managing daily stressors and improving overall well-being.

This study compared the effectiveness of two group treatments, behavioral activation (BA) and cognitive therapy (CT), in reducing subsyndromal anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of Iranian university students. Twenty-seven Iranian university students who scored 18 or higher on the depression subscale and 16 or higher on the anxiety subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were randomly assigned into treatment groups. One group received 8 sessions of BA (n = 14), and the other received 8 sessions of group CT (n = 13). Analysis of covariance revealed that the BA group had a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms than the CT group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of anxiety, stress symptoms or functional impairment after treatment. This study found evidence for the effectiveness of BA in reducing anxiety, depressive and stress symptoms and functional impairment compared to CT. BA was mor...

Maladaptive perfectionism is associated with psychological distress and psychopathology. Medical students have been found to be particularly prone to maladaptive perfectionism. Recent research has indicated that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) that targets unhealthy perfectionism leads to reductions in perfectionism and related distress. This preliminary investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a CBT program directed at medical students who had significant levels of maladaptive perfectionism. The impact on associated psychological distress was also assessed. The study used a case series methodology with an A-B design plus follow-up. First-year medical students who screened positive for maladaptive perfectionism and consented for the study (N = 4) were assessed at baseline to evaluate the levels of maladaptive perfectionism, anxiety, and depression. They participated in an eight-session CBT program for reducing maladaptive perfectionism after a waiting period. Assessments w...

The first aim of the present research is to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in comparison to psychopharmacological intervention on Iranian women with Anxiety disorders. The second aim of the research is to find the relationship between the irrational beliefs and maladaptive thinking with anxiety disorder and the third aim of the research is to investigate which method of treatment causes more satisfaction in the patient. In regard to the research issue, the sample included 300 women with the average age of 18 to 45 who were selected randomly of those patients with anxiety disorders (general anxiety disorder GAD, obsessive compulsive disorder OCD, social anxiety disorder SAD) who referred to counseling and mental health centers and private offices in Eslamshahr city (Tehran state). They were divided into 6 groups: 1) The first three groups with one of these three disorders (GAD, OCD and SAD) referred to Cognitive Behavior Therapy voluntarily; 2) The other three groups with the same disorders referred to the psychiatrist for the psychopharmacological intervention voluntarily. The psychopharmacological intervention course was at least 6 months and the total period of CBT was 12 to 16 sessions (held every week). The diagnosis interview was performed on the basis of DSM-IV-TR 2000 before the treatment. Then the check-list SCL90-R test was performed after diagnosis by the psychologist and in the next session the Jones' irrational beliefs test (IBT) was performed. Research method is of the quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test. Generally, the present study findings verify the positive effect of the cognitive-behavior therapy on the change of irrational beliefs, maladaptive thinking and the decrease of symptoms and in the end the research points out that CBT causes more satisfaction than the other treatment in patients; while the psychopharmacological intervention just decreases the symptoms of the disorders, less than CBT. At the end of treatments, both of groups answered to the satisfaction of treatment questioner. It showed that patients were more satisfied with CBT than psychopharmacological intervention. The result of the research showed that CBT not only decreased the symptoms of anxiety disorders but also changed the patients' irrational beliefs, maladaptive thinking and thinking methods. It should be mentioned that such a phenomenon is accompanied by attaining new social skills and in the end, the effect of CBT will be more permanent and stable and patients are not caught in a kind of recovery-relapse cycle.

Gündüz H. B., Özarslan N. (2017). Farklı yaş kategorilerinde ilkokula başlayan öğrencilerin okul olgunluğu ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre okula uyum problemleri. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi,17 (1), 212-230. ÖZET Bu araştırmada, birinci sınıfta öğrenim gören farklı yaş kategorilerindeki (60-71 ay ve 72-84 ay) öğrencilerin, akademik olgunluk düzeylerinin ve okullarda yaşanan uyum sorunlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu nicel araştırma tarama modeline uygun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri iki farklı form kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Tekirdağ ili merkez ilçesinde 2012-2013 eğitim-öğretim yılında ilkokula yeni başlamış 60-71 ve 72-84 ay yaş aralığındaki 32 birinci sınıf öğrencisi ve bu öğrencilerin eğitim-öğretiminde görevli, 135 birinci sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın öne çıkan bazı sonuçları şu şekildedir: 60-71 ay yaş aralığındaki çocukların okul olgunluğuna ulaşmadıkları, ancak 72-84 ay yaş aralı...

In this study, we examine the philosophical bases of one of the leading clinical psychological methods of therapy for anxiety, anger, and depression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). We trace this method back to its philosophical roots in the Stoic, Buddhist, Taoist, and Existentialist philosophical traditions. We start by discussing the tenets of CBT, and then we expand on the philosophical traditions that ground this approach. Given that CBT has had a clinically measured positive effect on the psychological well-being of individuals, it becomes important to study the philosophical foundations on which this therapy is based.

Objective. To determine the impact of a cognitive behavioral pain management program on sleep in patients with chronic pain. Design. Prospective nonrandomized controlled pilot study with evaluations at baseline and 12 weeks Setting. Out-patient multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral pain management program in a university teaching hospital Subjects. Patients with chronic pain who fulfilled the criteria for participation in a cognitive behavioral pain management program. Methods. Patients assigned to the intervention group (n 5 24) completed a 4 week cognitive behavioral pain management program, and were compared with a waiting list control group (n 5 22). Assessments for both groups occurred at baseline and two months post cognitive behavioral pain management program. Outcome measures included self-report (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and objective (actigraphy) sleep measures, pain and quality of life measures. Results. Both groups were comparable at baseline, and all had sleep disturbance. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index correlated with only two of the seven objective sleep measures (fragmentation index r 5 0.34, P 5 0.02, and sleep efficiency percentage r 5 20.31, P 5 0.04). There was a large treatment effect for cognitive behavioral pain management program group in mean number of wake bouts (d 5 0.76), where a significant group*time interaction was also found (P 5 0.016), showing that the CBT-PMP group improved significantly more than controls in this sleep variable. Conclusions. Patients attending a cognitive behavioral pain management program have high prevalence of sleep disturbance, and actigraphy technology was well tolerated by the patients. Preliminary analysis of the impact of a cognitive behavioral pain management program on sleep is promising, and warrants further investigation.

Donald J. Robertson’s “How to Think Like Socrates: Ancient Philosophy as a Way of Life” is an excellent account of Socrates’ life and philosophy. Robertson is a cognitive behavioral psychotherapist, and he shows how Socrates’s use of critical thinking can be of use in psychotherapy and, indeed, in our individual and political lives generally.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant problem among our nation's military veterans. In the following overview, we provide information on the prevalence of SUDs among military veterans, clinical characteristics of SUDs, options for screening and evidence-based treatment, as well as relevant treatment challenges. Among psychotherapeutic approaches, behavioral interventions for the management of SUDs typically involve short-term, cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions. These interventions focus on the identification and modification of maladaptive thoughts and behaviors associated with increased craving, use, or relapse to substances. Additionally, client-centered motivational interviewing approaches focus on increasing motivation to engage in treatment and reduce substance use. A variety of pharmacotherapies have received some support in the management of SUDs, primarily to help with the reduction of craving or withdrawal symptoms. Currently approved medications as well as treatment challenges are discussed.

Background: Depression is a commonly occurring disorder linked to diminished role functioning and quality of life. The development of treatments that overcome barriers to accessing treatment remains an important area of clinical research as most people delay or do not receive treatment at an appropriate time. The workplace is an ideal setting to roll-out an intervention, particularly given the substantial psychological benefits associated with remaining in the workforce. Mobile health (mhealth) interventions utilising smartphone applications (apps) offer novel solutions to disseminating evidence based programs, however few apps have undergone rigorous testing. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone app designed to treat depressive symptoms in workers. Methods: The present study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT), comparing the effectiveness of the intervention to that of an attention control. The primary outcome measured will be reduced depressive symptoms at 3 months. Secondary outcomes such as wellbeing and work performance will also be measured. Employees from a range of industries will be recruited via a mixture of targeted social media advertising and Industry partners. Participants will be included if they present with likely current depression at baseline. Following baseline assessment (administered within the app), participants will be randomised to receive one of two versions of the Headgear application: 1) Intervention (a 30-day mental health intervention focusing on behavioural activation and mindfulness), or 2) attention control app (mood monitoring for 30 days). Participants will be blinded to their allocation. Analyses will be conducted within an intention to treat framework using mixed modelling. Discussion: The results of this trial will provide valuable information about the effectiveness of mhealth interventions in the treatment of depressive symptoms in a workplace context. The current trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000547347, Registration date: 19/04/2017).

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as evidências sobre a eficácia da terapia cognitivo-comportamental no tratamento de obesos com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica. MÉTODOS: Nesta revisão, foram incluídos ensaios clínicos e metanálises publicados entre janeiro de 1980 e fevereiro de 2006, em todas as línguas. Foram excluídos estudos que investigassem a eficácia da terapia cognitivo-comportamental com uso concomitante de medicação, terapia cognitivo-comportamental no formato de manuais de auto-ajuda, relatos ou série de casos e cartas ao editor. As bases eletrônicas de dados consultadas foram: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, LILACS e Cochrane Library. A estratégia de busca incluiu também a checagem manual das referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados e de capítulos de livros sobre o tema. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados dois ensaios clínicos abertos e 15 controlados. O desfecho primário na maioria desses estudos é a compulsão alimentar. No geral, os ensaios clínicos avaliados sugerem qu...

Background: Adult ADHD is common, highly comorbid, and restricts daily functioning. However, only a minority of patients receive appropriate treatment. Aims: Primary objective: To identify psychological interventions that diminish inattention symptoms in adults with ADHD. Secondary objective: To evaluate feasibility aspects. Methods: A search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, and Eric was conducted. Interventions were grouped in: ADHD coaching, neuro feedback, cognitive training, psychoeducation, and behavioral therapy. Inattention symptoms were evaluated using standardized mean differences. Study quality was rated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Feasibility was assessed by number and time of sessions, setting, and qualification of the provider. Results: A total of N ¼ 2229 results were identified, 19 randomized controlled studies were included in the analysis. Behavioral therapy showed effects on inattention symptoms [SMD: 0.44-1.71] when compared to inactive controls. In terms of feasibility, longer interventions did not outperform shorter ones and individual sessions were not superior to group sessions. No effects were given for neuro feedback, cognitive training, and psychoeducation in comparison to controls. Conclusion: For adults with ADHD behavioral therapy seems an effective intervention to reduce inattention symptoms. In terms of feasibility, brief interventions may be valuable for a primary care setting.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of telephone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (T-CBT) in an occupational context, with reference to participant recruitment, treatment adherence, follow-up and effect. Method: Eligible participants comprised all employees of a large communications company with authorized work absence due to mild/ moderate mental health difficulties over a 10-month period. Fifty-three consenting participants were centrally randomized to 12 weeks T-CBT or usual care, with minimization on age, gender and illness severity. Primary (symptom severity) and secondary outcomes (self-rated work performance and productivity) were measured at baseline and 3-months via postal questionnaires. Intention-to-treat analysis comprised multiple regression modeling with adjustment for missing response predictors, minimization variables and baseline values. Results: Twenty-three employees attended one or more T-CBT sessions. T-CBT was associated with medium-large effects sizes on clinical outcomes (0.63-0.77) and work productivity scores (0.75-0.88). Twenty-one patients failed to return 3-month primary outcome data. Nonrespondents were more likely to be male and more severely ill. Conclusion: Delivery of T-CBT in an occupational context is feasible with evidence of potential effect. Larger-scale trials are warranted. These studies demand assertive outreach or telephone-based assessment strategies in order to maximize participant recruitment and follow-up.

Implicit attitudes have been shown to predict smoking behaviors. Therefore, an important goal is the development of interventions to change these attitudes. This study assessed the effects of a web-based intervention on implicit attitudes toward smoking and receptivity to smoking-related information. Smokers (N=284) were recruited to a two-session web-based study. In the first session, baseline data were collected. Session two contained the intervention, which consisted of assignment to the experimental or control version of an approach-avoidance task and assignment to an anti-smoking or control public service announcement (PSA), and post-intervention measures. Among smokers with less education and with plans to quit, implicit attitudes were more negative for those who completed the approach-avoidance task. Smokers with more education who viewed the anti-smoking PSA and completed the approach-avoidance task spent more time reading smoking-related information. An approach-avoidance task is a potentially feasible strategy for changing implicit attitudes toward smoking and increasing receptivity to smoking-related information.

The perinatal period is a time of vulnerability for mental health problems in women . Most research has focused on postpartum depression, which affects 13-19% of women in the first year after delivery . Anxiety disorders during the perinatal period are now known, however, to be at least as common, affecting up to 15% of women in pregnancy and up to 20% postpartum . Despite their high prevalence, anxiety disorders in the perinatal period have received considerably less research and clinical attention. This is problematic given the substantial adverse impact anxiety disorders can have on mothers and their

Convocamos a investigadores de cualquier disciplina relacionada con los estudios sobre juegos de rol a enviar artículos originales que contribuyan a la discusión académica desde perspectivas innovadoras y sólidamente fundamentadas. Artículos que exploren aplicaciones educativas y metodológicas de los juegos de rol en contextos STEAM. Análisis interdisciplinarios de la cultura lúdica, diseño de juegos y estudios empíricos cualitativos o cuantitativos. Todos los artículos académicos pasarán por un riguroso proceso de revisión por pares doble ciego. Los manuscritos deben ser originales, inéditos y cumplir estrictamente con las normas editoriales y metodológicas establecidas por la revista.

Primary Liaison Recovery Service (PLRS)
serves as a single point of access for all referrals to
community mental health services in Sutton. The
team aims to assess all referrals and either accept
or signpost to appropriate services. In 2023, the
service received 584 re-referrals for patients
previously under the service. This reflects a
significant burden on services.
In conclusion, only 33% of referrals were
accepted into the team, reflecting a significant
proportion of inappropriate referrals to an already
under-pressure service. A large source of the
referrals was from the GP. An intervention to
combat this will be to educate and encourage GPs
to use advice and guidance pathways, for example
allowing GPs to email and gain advice without
making a formal referral or the utilisation of
primary care wellbeing practitioners in the
community, both of which could be set up in the
future.

Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) caring for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often encounter irritability (vocal or motoric outbursts expressive of anger, frustration, or distress) and problem behavior (directed acts of aggression toward other people, self, or property). The Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health and Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network charged a multidisciplinary workgroup with developing a practice pathway to assist PCPs in the evaluation and treatment of irritability and problem behavior (I/PB). The workgroup reviewed the literature on the evaluation and treatment of contributory factors for I/PB in ASD. The workgroup then achieved consensus on the content and sequence of each step in the pathway. The practice pathway is designed to help the PCP generate individualized treatment plans based on contributing factors identified in each patient. These factors may include medical conditions, which the PCP is in a key position to a...

Objective Diabetes distress typically causes depression common comorbidity of diabetes unpleasantly affects patients&#39; medical and mental functions. Psychotherapeutic interventions are effective treatments to treat depressive disorders and improve the quality of life in chronic diseases as well as in patients with diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) with experimental and waitlist control conditions to treat depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods A total of 130 outpatients with diabetes and depression were assessed in this randomized control trial and 90 patients were randomized to CBT with experimental (n = 45) and waitlist control (n = 45) conditions. All the patients completed clinical interviews and assessment measures at pre-and post-assessment 16 weeks intervals. Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) were used to assess primary outcomes. Sh...

This research investigated whether there might be benefit from encouraging early self management in an episode of non-specific low back -a common and costly condition in the U.K. It aimed to address a lack of research evidence on interventions to improve current, Step 1 of primary care management for back pain. A self help, audio programme, to give information and reassurance about non-specific back pain and skills training in some components of cognitive behavioural pain management, could be used independently at home. Self help could widen access to early, cognitive behavioural based treatment, might offer an inexpensive and practicable means of intervention delivery in busy GP practices and would accord with government policy of encouraging increased self management by NHS patients. Pilot evaluation: The face validity of two, self help, audio CD programmes for use at home, "Using Relaxation Skills" and "Using Thinking Skills", was assessed by six primary care patients with nonspecific, acute low back pain. Participants in the pilot evaluation expressed some satisfaction with both self help programmes and found them helpful. The audio CD with a focus on progressive muscular relaxation, "Using Relaxation Skills", was more popular. Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of self help CD effectiveness: The primary objective was to demonstrate whether using a three week, self help programme at home showed benefits with respect to back pain specific functioning as measured by the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). Forty four members of the public with a current episode of back pain lasting between two and nine weeks were randomised to a CD intervention arm or a control arm. Back pain specific functioning, self reported pain intensity and general health and well being in physical and mental domains were assessed at baseline and at one and six months' follow up. Data analysis conducted using a mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance demonstrated significant improvement across all measures over time for all participants. Compared to controls, those using a self help, audio CD showed significantly improved scores on the RDQ at six months [F =6.673, p=.013], although the magnitude of the mean group difference was small (partial eta squared=.137). It is concluded that a three week, home based self help programme delivered by audio CD can improve functional outcomes in the short to medium term in early, non-specific low back pain. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of self help for back pain: The study aimed to explore possible reasons for the slow uptake by the public of a free, self help CD for early back pain. Nine people with non-specific low back pain were interviewed by email to explore their experiences of using self help for managing pain. An IPA analysis revealed four, major themes: taking control, social comparisons, ongoing learning and "with hindsight". The findings suggest that turning to self help for back pain may be a developmental process over time, related to the variable course of back pain symptoms. Interviewees wished with hindsight they had been directed towards self management in the initial stages of back pain. At the time of first consulting a GP, they had hoped for a medical "cure". The findings indicated that slow recruitment into a self help intervention for early low back pain may reflect a lack of perceived need for any intervention in the initial phase of the condition, with implications for the likely uptake of an early, self help intervention.

post-randomization, d = 0.39 (0.12 to 0.67), and small and non-significant at 6 months post-randomization d = 0.29 (-0.00 to 0.59). Adolescents in the experimental treatment group were significantly more satisfied with treatment, with the PHC centers' facilities, with the psychological care received, and with non-professional staff than those in the comparator treatment group. Discussion: A brief therapist-guided cCBT eight-session intervention improves the response of depressed adolescents attending PHC centers at 4 months postrandomization. At 6 months post-randomization, the differences of between groups were not significant. Future research may focus on exploring strategies to sustain and increase response. Clinical trial registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01862913 and URL: .

Sufferers from bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) underestimate the severity risk of their illness and, therefore, postpone seeking professional help for years. Moreover, less than one in five actually seek professional help and only 50% respond to current treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The impetus for the present trial is to explore a novel combination treatment approach adapted from physical exercise- and dietary therapy (PED-t). The therapeutic underpinnings of these separate treatment components are well-known, but their combination to treat BN and BED have never been previously tested. The purpose of this paper is to provide the rationale for this new treatment approach and to outline the specific methods and procedures. The PED-t trial uses a prospective randomized controlled design. It allocates women between 18 and 40 years (BMI range 17.5-35.0) to groups consisting of 5-8 members who receive either CBT or PED-t for 16 weeks. Excess...

Objective. To examine whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alleviates dysfunctional eating (DE) patterns and symptoms of anxiety and depression in morbidly obese patients planned for bariatric surgery. Design and Methods. A total of 98 (68 females) patients with a mean (SD) age of 43 (10) years and BMI 43.5 (4.9) kg/m 2 were randomly assigned to a CBT-group or a control group receiving usual care (i.e., nutritional support and education). The CBT-group received ten weekly intervention sessions. DE, anxiety, and depression were assessed by the TFEQ R-21 and HADS, respectively. Results. Compared with controls, the CBT-patients showed significantly less DE, affective symptoms, and a larger weight loss at follow-up. The effect sizes were large (DE-cognitive restraint, 𝑔 = -.92, 𝑃 ≤ .001; DE-uncontrolled eating, 𝑔 = -.90, 𝑃 ≤ .001), moderate (HADS-depression, 𝑔 = -.73, 𝑃 ≤ .001; DE-emotional eating, 𝑔 = -.67, 𝑃 ≤ .001; HADS-anxiety, 𝑔 = -.62, 𝑃 = .003), and low (BMI, 𝑔 = -.24, 𝑃 = .004). Conclusion. This study supports the use of CBT in helping patients preparing for bariatric surgery to reduce DE and to improve mental health. This clinical trial is registered with NCT01403558.

Background The long-term effects of presurgical psychological interventions on weight loss, eating behaviors, affective symptoms, and health-related quality of life remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess the 4-year effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) before bariatric surgery on these outcomes. Methods Single-center randomized controlled parallel-group trial. Patients were assessed after CBT before bariatric surgery (n = 98) and 1 year (n = 80) and 4 years (n = 61) after surgery. The intervention group received a 10-week preoperative individual CBT focusing on self-monitoring to identify triggers of dysfunctional eating behaviors in order to improve regulation of eating as well as the breaking of the interrelationship between eating behaviors, negative mood, and dysfunctional cognitions. The 61 patients (70% women) had a mean (SD) age of 42.4 (10.1) years and BMI 43.5 (4.4) kg/m 2 . Preoperative CBT was not associated with 1-and 4-year reduction of dysfunctional eating behaviors, affective symptoms and body weight, or improved health-related quality of life. Patients with minor or considerable symptoms of depression receiving CBT had lower mean BMI than controls, both before surgery, -1.1 kg/m 2 , and -1.5 kg/m 2 , and 4-years after surgery, -2.9 kg/m 2 and -7.5 kg/m 2 , respectively. Conclusion Presurgical CBT was not associated with better long-term outcomes. However, in patients with minor or considerable symptoms of depression, CBT was associated with lower body weight before and 4 years after surgery. Additional studies are required to verify whether patients with symptoms of depression should be offered CBT before and/or after bariatric surgery, and which clinical aspects the CBT should address. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01403558.

This study aimed at investigating the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing depression, anxiety, and stress levels of Iranian males with addiction. The participants included 24 Iranian males with addiction selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental ( n = 12) and control ( n = 12) groups. Then, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale was used as the pretest, posttest, and follow-up tests to assess participants’ levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The experimental group received eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy, while the control group did not. The findings of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing participants’ levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Thus, the findings indicate that the cognitive-behavioral therapy reduced the depression, anxiety, and stress of Iranian males with addiction.

Abstract

This research project examines the psychological construct labeled the "seasoned narcissist," an individual who, over many years, has refined narcissistic behaviors such as manipulative mirroring, conversational dominance, and the persistent maintenance of a carefully fabricated self-image. Part I of this paper offers a detailed exploration into the defining traits, tactics, and interpersonal dynamics characteristic of seasoned narcissists, providing a comprehensive understanding of their behavioral patterns and psychological motivations.

Subsequently, Part II introduces Awareness Dialectical Behavior Therapy (ADBT), an innovative therapeutic approach informed by the Buddha’s psychological teachings, particularly mindfulness and the principle of non-self (anatta). ADBT specifically addresses cognitive distortions and maladaptive behaviors central to narcissism by encouraging self-awareness, dialectical reasoning, and practical behavioral interventions. The application and effectiveness of this method extend beyond narcissism to encompass broader addictive behaviors and psychological afflictions, offering significant therapeutic potential.

The findings and conclusions presented in this paper are based upon extensive research of existing psychological literature and studies. Despite limitations inherent in a self-taught understanding of these complex psychological phenomena, the insights, methodologies, and therapeutic frameworks proposed are thoroughly grounded in academic scholarship and clinical practice literature. This paper contributes to the existing discourse by highlighting the nuanced understanding required to identify, engage, and potentially rehabilitate seasoned narcissists and those suffering from similarly entrenched behavioral addictions.

Objective-The healing effect of chitosan supported cerium oxide nanoparticles (nano-CeO2) on cutaneous experimental excisional wound infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in rat. Design-Experimental Study. Animals-Sixty male albino rats. Procedures-The chitosan supported nano-CeO2 hydrogel was prepared and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The wound was infected with p. aeruginosa and in positive control (PC) group it was treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment with no treatment in negative control (NC) group. The infected wound was treated with chitosan suspension-gel, cerium oxide nanoparticles solution or chitosan supported-CeO2 nanoparticle gel in the treatment groups. The rats were randomized into five groups (n=12). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of four animals...

Adolescent depression can be effectively treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications (SSRI), such as fluoxetine, or with specific forms of psychotherapy, such as cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. A single course of any of these treatments, however, leaves between one-third and one-half of the patients insufficiently improved and still depressed. In an effort to increase effectiveness, medication and CBT have been combined (COMB). A few controlled clinical trials have recently compared COMB to monotherapy. The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) randomly assigned 439 adolescents with major depressive disorder to fluoxetine, CBT, COMB, or clinical management with placebo. After 12 weeks of treatment, both fluoxetine and COMB reduced depression more than CBT or placebo did, but only COMB was effective in inducing remission, achieving functional recovery, and reducing suicidal ideation. After 36 weeks of treatment, there was no difference in improvement among treatments, but the rate of suicidal events was lower in COMB than in the medication only group. However, in another trial, the Adolescent Depression and Psychotherapy Trial (ADAPT), involving 208 youths, no advantages of COMB over usual care with SSRI could be detected. In a third trial, the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescence (TORDIA), which randomized 334 patients unresponsive to previous SSRI treatment, COMB produced a greater response rate than medication monotherapy. These and other, smaller trials of COMB in adolescent depression are here reviewed. It is concluded that, while there is no univocal support for the superiority of COMB, two controlled trials indicate that COMB has a more favorable benefit/risk balance than monotherapy in adolescent depression. It remains to be determined for which patient subgroups and in which clinical settings COMB may be most advantageous. Mood disorders are a major cause of morbidity in adolescence. In the U.S., these disorders rank first among the causes of hospitalization between age 13 and 17 years,[1] and constitute a major risk factor for suicide, which is the third leading cause of death in teen years. Depression impairs functioning at home, school and in peer relationships, increases the risk for substance abuse, and portends adult depression and associated dysfunction.