Analysis and Design of a Wideband, Balun-Based, Differential Power Splitter at mm-Wave

IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2016

A compact wideband balanced-to-unbalanced (BTU) out-of-phase power divider (PD) is proposed in this letter. This novel circuit essentially consists of three pairs of cascaded coupled lines and a grounded resistor for output isolation. By using the even-(odd-) mode method analysis and the traditional transmission-line theory, closed-form design equations for equal power division with out of phase from one differential input to two unbalanced outputs, high output isolation and good commonmode suppression are obtained, simultaneously. In addition, an experimental PD is designed and fabricated. The good performance and the consistency between the simulated and measured results verify our design theory.

Sensors

Dual-band branch-line couplers with arbitrary power-split ratios are presented. The use of crossed lines at the center of the dual-band coupler enables it to independently provide different power-split ratios to the two bands. Additionally, open stubs are utilized to enhance the stopband responses. The complete design procedure with example design curves is provided. For experimental verification, three dual-band couplers with power-split ratio combinations of +3 dB (S21:S31=2:1) and −3 dB (S21:S31=1:2), −3 dB and +3 dB, and 0 dB (S21:S31=1:1) and +13 dB (S21:S31=20:1) at 1 GHz and 2.5 GHz were designed and fabricated. The measured results are in excellent agreement with the ideal and full-wave simulated results. The measured difference of −13.3 dB between the power-split ratios of the two bands is the largest reported for a dual-band branch-line coupler.

Electronics MDPI, 2021

A compact unbalanced two-way filtering power splitter with an integrated Chebyshev filtering function is presented. The design is purely based on formulations, thereby eliminating the constant need for developing complex optimization algorithms and tuning, to deliver the desired amount of power at each of the two output ports. To achieve miniaturization, a common square open-loop resonator (SOLR) is used to distribute energy between the two integrated channel filters. In addition to distributing energy, the common resonator also contributes one pole to each integrated channel filter, hence, reducing the number of individual resonating elements used in achieving the integrated filtering power splitter (FPS). To demonstrate the proposed design technique, a prototype FPS centered at 2.6 GHz with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 3% is designed and simulated. The circuit model and layout results show good performances of high selectivity, less than 1.7 dB insertion loss, and better than 16 dB in-band return loss. The common microstrip SOLR and the microstrip hairpin resonators used in implementing the proposed integrated FPS ensures that an overall compact size of 0.34 λg × 0.11 λg was achieved, where λg is the guided-wavelength of the 50 Ω microstrip line at the fundamental resonant frequency of the FPS passband.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs

When quadrature couplers and power dividers are implemented in integrated circuits, accurate isolation networks can not be realized due to the nonideal resistors and the process variations. We present an isolation network design technique which cancels the resistor parasitic effects and also increases the tolerance to variations in the resistance values. A Lange coupler and a power divider are designed at Ka-band using the proposed accurate and process-tolerant isolation networks. The improvement is analytically shown and empirically verified with our in-house GaN-based microstrip MMIC process. For the coupler, the measured return losses and isolation are better than 20 dB from DC to 40 GHz. The power divider achieves 20 dB return losses and isolation in a fractional bandwidth of 50%. Both devices maintain 20 dB performance even when the variation in sheet resistance is as high as 30%.

2015 9th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), 2015

In this paper, a novel 3 dB 180° power divider/combiner is proposed. This device is derived from the classical Wilkinson divider/combiner whose output ports were combined with inverting and non-inverting suspended microstrip lines (SMLs). The proposed structure has a reduced size compared with the conventional and enhanced variants of the 3 dB 180° divider/combiner topologies. Moreover, the new architecture has a greatly improved bandwidth. The measured 0.5 dB insertion loss bandwidth is over the 2-5 GHz band for power combining/dividing. Because of its symmetrical architecture, the presented device shows frequency independent power dividing/combining balance performance. The maximum of 0.5 dB amplitude imbalance and 3° phase imbalance measured over frequency band of 2-5 GHz. Measured port isolation is also about 50 dB at the center frequency.

International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018

In this article, a compact unequal, planar Wilkinson power divider with ultra-wideband operation is proposed. The composed power divider having the size of 11.6 mm × 18.5 mm. It consists of one input and two output branches with individual resistive values. Two isolation resistors are used to provide better isolation between the two output ports. The impedance values of each transmission branch and isolation resistors is varied based on the output power division ratio i.e. (P2/P3). The ADS package simulated results of the designed unequal WPD satisfy the operating range (S11 ≤ -10 dB) from 2.5 GHz to 18 GHz and isolation are obtained over the entire frequency of operation.

International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology

In this paper, the analysis and design of a compact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Wilkinson Power Splitter (WPS) is presented. The proposed splitter consists of two sections Wilkinson power splitter of equal characteristic impedances and unequal electrical lengths with a single stub on each section. The proposed power splitter examined analytically using the "Even Odd Mode" analysis method and the ABCD matrix. The simulation is done using Agilent ADS circuit and EM simulator. The proposed structure achieves an input return loss, S 11 better than 12.2 dB, an output return loss, S 22 and S 33 better than 19.59 dB, output ports isolation, S 23 and S 32 better than 12.75 dB and insertion loss, S 21 and S 31 from 3.15 to 3.41dB through the whole UWB range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. Furthermore, the power splitter has a compact size of 18.38 * 10.25 mm 2 compared to other similar networks.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2017

The design of the variable high RF power X-Band splitter is presented. The RF power division ratio is adjusted by mechanically changing the position of a special RF short circuit piston. The piston is mounted on a step-motor providing the precise linear movement. Throughout the design, special measures were taken to reduce the maximum electric field on the copper surface, as well as to maximise the frequency bandwidth of the device.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, 2024

The development of radio frequency circuits is currently guided mainly through two objectives, which are size reduction and performance improvement of devices. Within a reception or transmission channel, the division and/or combination of power are the most delicate stages due to their large dimensions and high insertion losses, particularly in the case of dividers/combiners based on planar technologies. In this context, this study proposes an analysis and design of a new broadband power divider and combiner using stepped impedance. The power divider/combiner developed is designed to cover a broad frequency spectrum ranging from 1 GHz to 4 GHz, including wireless applications such as Global Mobile Communications Systems (GSM), Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM), and Sub-6 GHz 5th Generation (5G) applications. The proposed circuit was analyzed using the stepped transmission line impedance method and designed by Advanced Design System (ADS) on an Epoxy-FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.58 mm. The achieved results showed excellent characteristics in terms of transmission across the input and output terminals, mismatches at all three terminals, and isolation among output terminals. A prototype was built and the measured results showed good agreement with those obtained by simulation.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

A dual-band Wilkinson power divider covering comprehensive frequency ratios with improved Out-of-Band rejection is proposed with the use of only a resistor. In millimeter-wave range, the established lumped element based design with a wide range of frequency ratio suffers from the nonexistence of tiny required values and the difficulties of integrating them in the proposed designs. To tackle some of the more common millimeter-wave frequency bands challenges, the RLC is substituted in the design by transmission lines and a single resistor. The design parameters and rules are derived theoretically using even/odd mode analysis, and it takes into consideration the Out-of-Band performance. For validation, three different dual-frequency bands are studied (5.8-28 GHz, 20-35 GHz, and 28-35 GHz). The simulated and experimental results exhibit all the advantages of the proposed Wilkinson power divider, succeeding in boosting multi-functional and multi-standard RF and mm-wave front-ends for communication systems.

2007

A modification of the Wilkinson power divider is presented that eases planar implementation while maintaining performance. By adding transmission lines between the resistor and the quarter-wave transformers of the traditional design, a range of valid solutions exists that meet the conditions of being reciprocal, isolated between the output ports, and matched at all ports. The proposed design is particularly useful at millimeter-wave frequencies where reduced physical dimensions make a circuit configuration suitable for low-cost package-level implementation difficult using traditional methods. Two frequency bands are demonstrated. At -band, the circuit gives 0.3-dB excess insertion loss, 19-dB isolation, and 50% bandwidth. At the -band, the circuit gives 0.75-dB excess insertion loss, 24-dB isolation, and 39% bandwidth.

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2003

A complex circuit from [9] is simulated to further verify the method proposed in this paper. This circuit consists of two interconnect components, namely, a uniform microstrip and a microstrip stub, as shown in . The substrate is 0.6-mm thick, the source and load resistance are both 50⍀, and the applied voltage source is two sinusoidal signals with respective frequencies of 2.23 GHz and 2 GHz.

Scientific Reports

This paper presents two narrow-band power dividers with a wide range power-dividing ratio based on the two new controlling insertion loss methods, which are low-impedance line and coupling capacitor. Initially, a narrow-band BPF is designed based on the equivalent circuit model and LC equivalent circuit. Then, using the surface current density, it is determined by which part of BPF structure the insertion loss (IL) can be controlled at center frequency. The tunable Wilkinson power dividers (TWPDs) are designed based on IL control components to create a wide range of power-dividing ratios, using only two DC voltages. The center frequency of first designed TWPD is 2.5 GHz, and the power-dividing ratio can be controlled up to 1:45 by variation of two DC voltages from 0 to 8 V. Since the structure of TWPDs are symmetric, the inverse voltages results in the inverted divided power between the output ports. The center frequency of second designed TWPD is 2.52 GHz, and power-dividing ratio ...

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Vocational Education and Technology, IConVET 2022, 6 October 2022, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia

In this paper, the design of 2-way power dividers based on a branch line coupler with an unequal splitting ratio is designed and realized. A mathematical formulation is elaborated to calculate the impedance of the transmission lines for such a splitting ratio. Three coupler designs with different power splitting ratios are presented, namely 1:4 (-6 dB), 2:1 (3 dB), and 4:1 (6 dB). The couplers are realized using microstrip-based technology and simulated in the full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulator. The simulated and measured S-parameter results, magnitude and phase at the frequency of 3 GHz indicate that all designed couplers meet the target requirements.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES

A novel meander coupled line power divider for wide band operation from 0.5 GHz to 2.5 GHz with reduced size for mobile application is proposed in this paper. The wide band operation of the coupled line power divider is obtained using open stubs and defected ground structures. The folding of the coupled line reduces the size of the power divider. The proposed power divider has 65% of size reduction in comparison with the existing power divider. All the S-parameters such as return loss, insertion loss, and isolation at different ports are simulated and measured. Bandwidth of 2 GHz is obtained. Both the simulated and measured results agree with each other. Hence it is useful for mobile phone application up to 4G.