Advanced Manufacturing

Currently, the development of information technology in all fields is very rapid, including in the manufacturing sector, thus making the social environment of manufacturing change a lot. Traditional manufacturing research focuses on applying technology, such as production models, supplier arrangements, automation, advanced machines in the manufacturing industry, etc. Global competition and increasingly diverse customer demands are a phenomenon that occurs today. Social manufacturing is a new distributed, collaborative, and intelligent manufacturing, that every consumer can participate in the entire process of product design, manufacture, and even marketing. This study aims to examine the development of social manufacturing systems and the latest research in social manufacturing. The method used is to review the latest papers related to social manufacturing that provide a new paradigm for the manufacturing industry, then map based on the concepts, frameworks, and technologies used. The results of this review paper are in the form of mapping research papers taken from the database of a reputable international journal, Scopus. The mapping includes data on the author, co-author, terms on social manufacturing paper, year of publication, type of document and publisher. This systematic literature review can be one of the references for basic research on social manufacturing.

Currently, the development of information technology in all fields is very rapid, including in the manufacturing sector, thus making the social environment of manufacturing change a lot. Traditional manufacturing research focuses on applying technology, such as production models, supplier arrangements, automation, advanced machines in the manufacturing industry, etc. Global competition and increasingly diverse customer demands are a phenomenon that occurs today. Social manufacturing is a new distributed, collaborative, and intelligent manufacturing, that every consumer can participate in the entire process of product design, manufacture, and even marketing. This study aims to examine the development of social manufacturing systems and the latest research in social manufacturing. The method used is to review the latest papers related to social manufacturing that provide a new paradigm for the manufacturing industry, then map based on the concepts, frameworks, and technologies used. T...

Welding is a manufacturing process, which uses heat or pressure to form a homogeneous weld when joining homogeneous or heterogeneous metal materials or thermoplastics. The last decade has been characterized by the intensive development of unconventional welding processes, which use friction as an energy source, and in developed countries have taken primacy over conventional welding processes. The modern welding process, known as Friction Stir Welding (FSW), offers many advantages over conventional Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) processes, both in terms of weld quality and environmental protection and in terms of saving time and materials needed to perform quality welding. This paper presents TIG, MIG and FSW welding technologies, with all the advantages and disadvantages, and the possibilities of their application in welding AA6082-T6 aluminum alloy (6xxx series), characterized by medium strength and outstanding corrosion resistance.

En el trabajo se trata de identificar cuáles son las principales variables que intervienen en el desarrollo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CTI) de manera de poder utilizar ese conocimiento para hacer propuestas que guíen la planificación y la acción para lograr el mejor desarrollo de Venezuela en este campo. Para lograrlo se han revisado las experiencias seguidas en los últimos 50 años en algunos países desarrollados (Estados Unidos, China, Alemania y Finlandia) y en países en desarrollo, destacados de América Latina (Brasil, Argentina y México). Se han revisado los enfoques, planes, organización institucional y resultados en las políticas tecnológicas y de innovación, la estructura de sus industrias y qué están haciendo para desarrollar las industrias creativas. Para cada país se idéntica un conjunto de aprendizajes útiles para comprender los factores claves que intervienen en sus actuaciones en CTI. Para finalizar se hace un resumen de los principales aprendizajes para países desarrollados y en desarrollo

Distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) offers a path to a circular economy. • Custom colors can increase value of DRAM polymers. optimal method, assessment criteria include the application of root mean square (RMS) and the color difference (ΔE CIE-2000). Three case studies were conducted, and the Nelder-Mead method was found to provide an optimal balance between the precision of color differences and the RMS, essential for producing high-quality colors. This research has provided a free tool that will now enable prosumers to convert their plastic waste into specific custom colors to enable DRAM.

In the present study, the nickel aluminide NiAl-based composite, reinforced with yttrium oxide Y2O3 with addition of titanium, was prepared by sintering at 1350 ° C for one and a half hours under an atmosphere of argon gas. Experimental investigation on electrical discharge machining of NiAl composite is performed with a view to correlate the process parameters with the responses for indicating the effect of the alloying addition on the machining performance of NiAl. Electro-discharge machining was used to study the machinability of the prepared composite. The machinability of NiAl was investigated based on the material removal rate, electrode wear rate, white layer thickness, and the surface roughness of the machined samples. The machining tests were performed under a wide range of machining parameters involving the pulse current (Ip) (8, 12, and 20) Amp. , pulse on time (TON) (45, 60, and 80) µsec, and pulse off time (TOFF) (20, 35, and 50) µsec, keeping the other parameters at fixed values. Electro-discharge machining process has been successfully modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) within "Minitab 17" and model adequacy checking is also carried out. The second-order response models have been validated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at constant significance levels of 0.05 was used to predict the most affecting parameters on the machining outputs. Optimization plots indicated that the maximum material removal rate (9.9312 µm) can obtained at (TON = 80 µs, TOFF = 20 µm, and Ip = 17.8182 Amp.), minimum electrode wear rate (0.2552 µm) can achieved at (TON = 45 µs, TOFF = 50 µm, and Ip = 8 Amp.), minimum surface roughness can gained at (TON = 45 µs, TOFF = 50 µm, and Ip = 8 Amp.), and minimum white layer thickness (4.9335 µm) can gotten using machining conditions of (TON = 45 µs, TOFF = 50 µm, and Ip = 8 Amp.

To increase the process stability and improve the product quality in the sheet hydroforming with die process, it is crucial for identifying and analyzing the dependence of forming pressure on process parameters. The effects of process parameters (blank holder force, frictional condition) on the forming fluid pressure were thoroughly studied experimentally. The main objective is to establish a relationship between the forming fluid pressure and several factors such as blank holder force and friction between die and sheet. The results demonstrate that the maximum fluid pressure increases with increasing blank holder force and friction. Finally, this relationship aims to support calculations and design data and provide control during the SHF-D process.

This paper presents the results of the study of plates with a combined "steel basetitanium, oxide coating" structure, which was obtained by resistive welding and strengthening induction heat treatment. The data of measurements of hardness and preliminary test for wear resistance were given. The possibility of finishing turning on structural chromium steel X40Cr13 was shown.

Among the family of liquid composite molding techniques, bladder-assisted resin transfer molding (BARTM) enables efficient manufacturing of hollow composite parts based on tubular reinforcing textiles. However, resin injection under certain processing conditions can result in high filling times or improper parts and finding the optimal process parameters is often a difficult task. This paper studies the impregnation behavior of a biaxial braided fabric in pressuredriven BARTM under a wide range of injection and bladder pressures. Saturation experiments were accomplished by means of a specifically developed injection test rig comprising an under-sized elastomeric bladder and a monolithic transparent mold. The results obtained show significant influence of the relevant process parameters on local preform compaction, apparent global permeability and filling time. Based on the experiments, a universal moldability diagram was derived that enables identification of admissible and critical operating conditions in BARTM, which supports the finding of optimal part filling settings.

Global manufacturing networks and supply chains are facing ongoing dynamic changes in the evolutionary business ecosystems. The introduction of new process technologies and the advances in manufacturing intelligence capabilities are having profound effects on the strategies, decisions, management, and operations involved in manufacturing . While big data is accumulated due to the fully automation manufacturing facilities and logistics systems for business integration, various solutions and techniques are developed to extract useful information and derive effective intelligence to address new challenges such as cycle time reduction (

The performance of the WEDM machining process mainly depends upon the suitable selection of the appropriate machining variables. Optimization is one of the techniques used in manufacturing sectors to arrive for the best manufacturing conditions, for improving productivity of the system. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of various WEDM parameters like pulse on time, pulse off time peak current, servo voltage and wire feed rate on gap current and cutting rate in Machining of AISI D2 Steel. Second order mathematical model for the response characteristics using central composite rotatable design has been developed using MINITAB design statistical software. The design of experiments has been done using Taguchi's orthogonal array L27 (35). Each experiment was conducted under different conditions of input parameters as per the L27 array. The interrelation ship of various input parameters on response characteristics has been evaluated.

This paper explores the transformative role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in revolutionizing urban waste management and its integration into sustainable urban planning. IoT-enabled systems provide real-time data monitoring and analytics, optimizing waste collection routes, reducing operational costs, and enhancing environmental outcomes. The study examines the critical technical, economic, and social challenges associated with IoT adoption, including connectivity, scalability, and public acceptance, alongside cost implications. It highlights emerging trends, such as AI and blockchain integration, which promise to elevate data-driven decision-making and transparency in waste management systems. The paper also addresses gaps in existing research, particularly in standardizing IoT frameworks and assessing the longterm environmental impacts of IoT adoption. Recommendations emphasize best practices for deploying IoT solutions, aligning them with global sustainability goals to foster smarter, more resilient urban ecosystems. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of IoT's role, challenges, and future directions, this study provides a robust foundation for advancing research and practical applications in smart urban waste management. I.

The paper shows the concept of Serbian Industry 4.0 Model based on cyber-physical manufacturing metrology model (CPM 3 ) and an integrated approach to manufacturing quality. The paper presents two directions of research: Virtual optimization of CAI process parameters for the sculptured surface inspection and Intelligent model for Inspection Planning on CMM.

A chasm is growing between the advanced technologies available for improving manufacturing operations and those effectively used in practice. The vision of Industry 4.0 is to mobilize industry to seek out these possibilities for improvement and to close the gap between opportunity and reality. However, when compared with more established improvement opportunities such as lean manufacturing, the digitalization of manufacturing lacks in both paradigmatic examples and an understanding of how to achieve the benefits. This lack is a complication of concern: Without an appropriate operations strategy to capture the value of digitalization, manufacturing companies will be unable to focus on technological investments and operational changes. To address this concern, operations management academics must develop new theory through active engagement in the practice of digitalization in manufacturing. This research presents a paradigmatic example, based on engaged scholarship, focused on effectively combining novel object-interactive and conventional manufacturing syntax for benefiting from digitalization in internal operations and the wider supply chain. The contribution to literature is a novel operations strategy-hybrid digital manufacturing-for capturing the value of Industry 4.0 technologies.

The development of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in the construction industry has become an innovative solution for sustainable built environment. Many researches are undertaken globally to elucidate the significance of additive manufacturing to create safer and more flexible future construction industry. There is no doubt that AM and digitalization is set to transform the construction industry on a worldwide scale in the next few years. However, it is notable that the construction industry is only at the initiation of its automation journey and application of AM in the present constructions is still fragmented. Therefore, the researchers and industrialist have the responsibility to understand and to implement the new technology carefully beside many disruptive concepts. Hence, a review is presented in this paper on the development of Additive manufacturing in construction industry over several limitations and challenges. Furthermore, absences and requirements of precise investigations intended for future are acknowledged. This paper is focused on the widely used additive construction technology and cementitious materials specifically used for the extrusion based concrete printing.

Increasing global competition has evolved a manufacturing environment which gleans vast product variety, reduced manufacturing lead times, increased quality standards and competitive costs. Simultaneously, with a rising trend toward globalization, these manufacturing environments must be designed to cater new challenges to survive and grow in the marketplace. To deal with such multifaceted problems, new technologies support increased flexibility and automation. These objectives intended for the improvement of the manufacturing environment have been the key rationales for the introduction of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). In this paper a case study of a firm is presented with a contribution to suggest some methods of performance improvement for a flexible system of manufacturing. The study is based on the mathematical models illustrated in literature to estimate possible performance parameters like maximum production rate, make span time and overall utilization. Through this study, an effort is also made to present the improved design for existing flexible manufacturing system employed in the company. Various design and performance parameters are then evaluated and compared for the existing and improved FMS.

Generative manufacturing technologies are gaining more and more of importance as key enabling technologies in future manufacturing, especially when a flexible scalable manufacturing of small medium series of customized parts is required. The paper describes a new approach for design and manufacturing of complex three dimensional components building on a combination of additive manufacturing and e-printing technologies, where the micro component is made up of stacks of functionalized layers of polymer films. Special attention will be paid to the "3-d" modeling approach, requested to support the applicaton developer through provision of design rules for this integrated manufacturing concept . Both, the application concept as well as the related equipment and manufacturing integration currently are currently developed further in the project SMARTLAM, funded by the European Commission.

In this work we evaluate the state of the semiconductor manufacturing industry and its challenges and trends. Future trends in the industry are analyzed from three perspectives: the evolution of Industry 4.0, the advances in semiconductor materials, and the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The semiconductor manufacturing industry witnessed an acute decline in the United States and other regions in the two decades prior to the CoVid-19 pandemic. The decline was only uncovered after the chip shortage of 2021 that resulted from the severe supply chain disruption. Trends in the industry were analyzed from three perspectives: Industry 4.0, advances in materials, and the Post-pandemic era. As a result of the evolution of the fourth generation of industry (Industry 4.0), trends in semiconductor manufacturing include robotization, which caused the industry to become the largest market for industrial robotics since 2020, and an all-time peak globalization. The semiconductor industry is a very globalized industry with corporates from different parts of the world taking part in the production of the final product. Although some materials such as carbon and Gallium Nitride show promising trends to replace silicon as the material of choice. It will likely not be before two or three decades when a semiconductor material will be able to replace silicon. Challenges for the industry include the shortage of the trainedworkforce, and the added inter-country restrictions that may hinder the globalization of the industry.

This paper introduces a novel 4D printing approach for dynamic displays, using thermochromic-PLA composites embedded with FeCrAl wires activated by Joule heating. Previous studies struggled with high energy consumption, heat bleed, and slow activation. By embedding continuous resistance wires directly within the thermochromic-plastic matrix, localized, efficient heating is achieved, improving response speed and energy efficiency. The study optimizes color change by focusing on specimen thickness, current intensity, and pulse duration. A customized G-code workflow allowed for precise wire integration into 3D-printed specimens fabricated using a composite dual-nozzle co-extrusion printer, enabling controlled color changes upon activation. Experiments identified 1.5 mm as the ideal specimen thickness, balancing rapid response time (~78.5 s for 80 % color change) with effective wire concealment. A water medium significantly accelerated recovery time compared to air, emphasizing the benefits of faster heat dissipation. The color change was found to be linearly proportional to pulse-on time and the square of the current. Shorter pulses at higher currents resulted in more efficient and predictable color transformations than constant current inputs. A functional 7-segment display was fabricated, demonstrating the practical application of this technology for smart displays, sensors, and other 4D-printing applications.

This study was aimed to investigate the weld microstructure and mechanical properties of as received and cryorolled Al 5083 alloy using friction stir welding (FSW). The comparison of the weld joint and mechanical properties of as received and cryorolled Al 5083 alloy was made. The as received Al 5083 alloy was cryorolled up to 50% reduction to produce Ultrafine grained (UFG) structure. Microstructural studies revealed severely deformed grains which are elongated along the rolling direction in cryorolling condition. Various rotational speeds (865, 1140, 1500) rpm were investigated at 2° tilt angle. Both hardness and tensile properties of as received and cryorolled Al 5083 alloy decreases with increasing rotational speed. In general, the hardness and tensile properties of cryorolled Al 5083 alloy are higher compared to as received. The highest hardness (85.2 HV) was obtained at nugget zone for cryorolled Al 5083 alloy at 865 rpm. For tensile test, the peak of yield and tensile strength was achieved by cryorolled sample at 865 rpm which recorded value of 145.61 MPa and 224.21 MPa respectively. The yield and tensile strength of cryorolled sample at 865 rpm improved about 13.36% and 1.14% than as received Al 5083 alloy. The fracture surface of the cryorolled sample after tensile test consisting of welldeveloped dimples over the entire surface which indicated fractured in ductile manner.

This study provides a systematic review of the challenges and solutions in
electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing, addressing key areas such as
technological advancements, workforce readiness, supply chain
optimization, sustainability practices, and lean manufacturing principles.
A total of 86 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2023
were analyzed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure rigor and
transparency. The findings reveal that technological innovations,
including automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital twin
technologies, significantly improve production efficiency and resource
optimization, though their adoption remains hindered by high
implementation costs and infrastructural incompatibilities. Workforce
challenges, including skill mismatches and labor shortages, were
identified as critical barriers, particularly in emerging economies where
education and training initiatives remain insufficient. Supply chain
inefficiencies, driven by raw material dependency and geopolitical risks,
continue to disrupt production, despite the potential of predictive analytics
and digitalization to enhance resilience. Sustainability practices, such as
circular economy strategies and energy-efficient manufacturing
processes, were found to reduce environmental impacts and operational
costs, though scalability remains a challenge. Finally, lean
manufacturing principles emerged as effective solutions for improving
productivity and reducing waste, though their success depends on
organizational commitment and workforce adaptability.

The fourth industrial revolution brought a paradigm shift in the present manufacturing system and its supply chain management (SCM). The evolution of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) brought several disruptive technologies like cloud computing (CC), blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), cyberphysical systems (CPS), etc. These disruptive technologies have changed the face of the modern manufacturing system and its manufacturing supply chain (SC). Several changes in manufacturing in terms of lead time, cost reduction, agility, flexibility, and response to market sensitivity are seen in almost all types of manufacturing. I4.0's disruptive technologies influence lean SC, agile SC, leagile SC, and green SC. The current study examines how I4.0 technologies affect society on such supply chains (SCs), which leads to enhanced performance of the manufacturing SC. The effect of process innovation (PI) resulting from I4.0 innovations is also investigated. SEM-PLS-based modeling is constructed based on 195 responses received from manufacturing enterprises implementing various SC practices in managing their manufacturing SCs. The findings demonstrate a favorable correlation between I4.0 technology and the enhancement of various SCs. The result also revealed that there is a positive impact of I4.0 technologies on PI, which leads to manufacturing SC performance improvements.

Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMTs) have been helping manufacturing companies in the 21st Century to successfully manage the unpredictable, high-frequency market changes driven by global competition. However, despite the overwhelming evidence of the AMTs contribution to companies’ responsiveness to all the current global market changes, the relatively high cost of AMTs has made companies in developing economies reluctant to adopt AMTs. Research has nonetheless shown that adoption of more of the AMTs by companies in developing economies can be achieved with appropriate justification approaches and criteria. This paper summarizes the objectives and principal findings of two research projects undertaken to provide strategic justification of AMTs. The first project was concerned with widening the capability of a 3-Axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Vertical Machining Centre (VMC) to include turning operations as well. The most suitable programming operations for the included t...

Globally, the manufacturing industries have incredible contribution in the global economic growth and it has wide recognition in the area of poverty alleviation. The manufacturing sector is also considered as one of the significant economic contributor in the Asian sub-continent since last 1900 century. This study focuses on the leading industrial unit of metropolitan city of Karachi which is considered to be a HUB of manufacturing industries and the indigenous manufacturing of Hyderabad. The work study and work measurements tools generally provides the better output results and facilitates to the user to augment their performance during the manufacturing operations. The research work highlights the implementation of work study and motion study for productivity improvement methods during the manufacturing process. The designed framework was implemented in the manufacturing units for the achievement of study objectives. The report also shows that during the manufacturing operations w...

The present paper investigates the effects of fiber content and alkali treatment on impact property of coir fibers reinforced polyester resin composites which are partially biodegradable. The coir fibers were collected from the foliage of locally available coconut fruit through the process of water retting and mechanical extraction. The usual problem in natural fiber reinforced composites is seen in its poor adhesion between fiber and matrix, hence, in this study, specific physical and chemical treatments were administered for surface modification of the fibers. Both untreated and treated fibers were used for coir fibers reinforced polyester resin composites formations; and the impact properties were determined at three different control factors of the fiber contents. Applying Taguchi robust design technique for the greater-the-better, the highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) for the quality characteristics being investigated was obtained employing Minitab 16 software. The treated coir fibres reinforced polyester matrix composites were better in impact having the expected optimum impact strength of 6.2J/mm2 at the optimum setting of control factors, while that of the untreated composites have an expected optimum impact strength of 5.5J/mm2 at the optimum setting of control factors. The reinforcement combinations of control factors and chemical treatment of coir fiber contribute greatly to the impact property.

This paper presents a literature review of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) based on a source bank of about 730 AMT publications, software and institutions. After introducing AMT briefly, the study focuses on AMT resources, and history of AMT. Since AMT is a universe of technologies, production methods and methodology about computerized production the three legs of the trivet which construct the basis of AMT are introduced. 10 AMT books are recommended for the use of the researchers. This research is done by using the framework of Chan&Wu(2002). I hope this study will help the practitioners and especially the researchers of AMT.

Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS ™ ) was used to produce a compositionally graded Ti-xMo (0 ≤ x ≤ 12 wt %) specimen and nine Ti-15Mo (fixed composition) specimens at different energy densities to understand the compositionprocessing-microstructure relationships operating using additive manufacturing. The gradient was used to evaluate the effect of composition on the prior-beta grain size. The specimens deposited using different energy densities were used to assess the processing parameters influence the microstructure evolutions. The gradient specimen did not show beta grain size reduction with the Mo content. The analysis from the perspective of the two grain refinement mechanisms based on a model known as the Easton & St. John, which was originally developed for aluminum and magnesium alloys shows the lower bound in prior-beta grain refinement with the Ti-Mo system. The low growth restriction factor for the Ti-Mo system of Q = 6,5C 0 explains the unsuccessful refinement from the solute-based mechanism. The energy density and the grain size are proportional according to the results of the nine fixed composition specimens at different energy densities. More energy absorption from the material represents bigger molten pools, which in turn relates to lower cooling rates.

Laser machining plays a vital role in the manufacturing industry in producing innovative products and creating designs that were impossible by the traditional manufacturing process. Due to its consistency in achieving rapid cutting speed, high-quality cut surfaces, high precision, small heat-affected zone (HAZ), and minor work damage, laser machining has been used in various applications over the last two decades. Because of these advantages, laser machining is ideal for a wide range of thin nonmetallic materials, including PMMA sheets, PVC sheets, and wood. However, Identifying the ranges of process parameters for a specific material and optimizing those parameters is challenging. Taguchi L25 orthogonal array is designed to conduct the experimental run, where scanning speed and power are selected as controllable factors, and engraving depth is considered a response factor. A 40 mm microchannel is imprinted on PMMA using the parameters (Power =13W-50W, Scanning Speed =100mm/s-1000mm/s), and the depth of all 25 experiments is measured by microscope. The effects of process parameters are observed by plotting all experimental results. It is observed that engraving depth increases with an increase in power and decreases with an increase in scanning speed. A maximum engraving depth of 0.717mm is obtained at 50Watt power and 100mm/s scanning speed.

Manufacturing process constraints and design complexities are the main challenges that face the aftermarket automotive industry. For that reason, recently, selective laser melting (SLM) is being recognised as a viable approach in the fabrication of injection moulding tool inserts. Due to its versatility, SLM technology is capable of producing freeform designs. For the first reported time, in this study SLM is recognized for its novel application in overcoming fabrication complexities for prism shaped topology of a vehicle headlamp's reflector injection moulding tool insert. Henceforth, performance measures of the SLM-fabricated injection mould tool insert is assessed in comparison to a CNC-milled counterpart to improve quality characteristics. Tests executed and detailed in this paper are divided into two stages; the first stage assesses both fabricated tool inserts in terms of manufacturability; the second stage assesses the functionality of the end-products by measuring the surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and light reflectivity from the vehicle reflectors. The results obtained show that employing SLM technology can offer an effective and efficient alternative to subtractive manufacturing, successfully producing tool inserts with complex surface topology. Significant benefits in terms of surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and product functionality were achieved through the use of SLM technology. it was concluded that the SLM-fabricated inserts products proved to have relatively lower values of surface roughness in comparison to their CNC counterparts.

Challenges caused by design complexities during the design stages of a product must be coordinated and overcome by the selection of a suitable manufacturing approach. Additive manufacturing (AM) is capable of fabricating complex shapes, yet there are limiting aspects to surface integrity, dimensional accuracy, and, in some instances, design restrictions. Therefore, the goal is essentially to establish the complex areas of a tool during the design stage to achieve the desired quality levels for the corresponding injection moulding tool insert. When adopting a manufactur-ing approach, it is essential to acknowledge limitations and restrictions. This paper presents the development of a feature-based manufacturability assessment system (FBMAS) to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating selective laser melting (SLM), a metal-based AM technology, with subtractive manufacturing for any given part. The areas on the tool inserts that hold the most geometrical complexities to manufacture are focused on the FBMAS and the design features that are critical for the FBMAS are defined. Furthermore, the structural approach used for developing the FBMAS graphical user interface is defined while explaining how it can be operated effectively and in a user-friendly approach. The systematic approach established is successful in capturing the benefits of SLM and subtractive methods of manufacturing, whilst defining design limitations of each manufacturing method. Finally, the FBMAS developed was validated and verified against the criteria set by experts in the field, and the system’s logic was proven to be accurate when tested. The decision recommendations proved to correlate with the determined recommendations of the field experts in evaluating the feature manufacturability of the tool inserts.

The market demands more and more varied and personalized products and services. The work aims to improve the conceptual control of reconfigurable manufacturing systems, available to companies that work on the basis of orders, generically called "make-to-order" MTO, companies that require the most efficient reconfigurable manufacturing systems. Also, increasing the economic performance of these reconfigurable manufacturing systems, already in operation, is a goal of this work.

Global manufacturing networks and supply chains are facing ongoing dynamic changes in the evolutionary business ecosystems. The introduction of new process technologies and the advances in manufacturing intelligence capabilities are having profound effects on the strategies, decisions, management, and operations involved in manufacturing (Chien et al. 2007; Leachman et al. 2007). While big data is accumulated due to the fully automation manufacturing facilities and logistics systems for business integration, various solutions and techniques are developed to extract useful information and derive effective intelligence to address new challenges such as cycle time reduction (

This research article explores the critical role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing sustainability within the manufacturing supply chain, with a focus on achieving lean and green objectives. The study emphasizes how AI technologies can optimize supply chain processes, reduce waste, and enhance environmental sustainability while simultaneously improving efficiency. Through a comprehensive literature review, the article examines existing AI applications in supply chain management, identifying key trends, challenges, and opportunities. The methodology section outlines the systematic approach used to gather and analyze relevant data, while the findings highlight the transformative potential of AI in fostering sustainable practices. The discussion delves into the implications of these findings for the manufacturing sector, suggesting that the integration of AI not only aligns with lean manufacturing principles but also supports broader sustainability goals. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research and development in AI-driven supply chain solutions to fully realize their potential in promoting a greener, more efficient manufacturing industry.

The paper aims to determine the influence of nanostructure on sound velocity, to severe plastic deformation by cold multiaxial forging of aluminum. The deformation process is discontinuous and comprises deformation processes defining a severe plastic deformation cycle. Thus, a number of 7 determinations were performed for each sample, corresponding to the first 12 cycles of severe plastic deformation. As a result of the analysis of the results, it can be deduced that the area of passages 3, 4 and 5 represents, in fact, precisely the transition zone between micrometric granulation and mesoscopic (ultrafine) granulation, which is only

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) has paid little attention to producing material-efficient parts. Material optimization methods, such as topology optimization, often result in forms with complex geometries-extreme overhangs and multi-branching-that are challenging to achieve in large-scale 3DCP. The limited studies on 3DCP of topology-optimized forms often (a) use excessive supporting material, resulting in waste, or (b) discretize topology-optimized forms into simpler components that are later assembled, leading to labor-intensive assembly and accuracy errors. This research seeks to enable the 3D concrete printing of such structures in a streamlined process, eliminating the need for discretization and support materials. To prevent collapse during the 3D printing of extreme overhangs, we explore a method that combines 3DCP with the simultaneous casting of fast-setting concrete materials. For precise concrete deposition that accurately follows the contours of a shape, we introduce topologyinformed non-planar printpath and a variable material deposition rate. The method is investigated through a construction scale load-bearing wall, Branch Wall, with steep cantilever branches and in-between thin surfaces and a series of S-Shape specimens (230 mm diameter and 500 mm height) produced through simultaneous 3DCP and casting of fast-setting concrete.

Binder applications have found their place in liquid composite molding processes, as they simplify preprocessing steps such as preforming and subsequent handling. Moreover, binders can modify mechanical behavior of finished fiber reinforced plastic parts. Besides the obvious potentials, topics such as the impregnation behavior become more complicated due to binders. The present paper addresses the issue of estimating permeability values of epoxy powder bindered non-crimp fabrics, after considering different test fluids and their behavior under standard laboratory conditions as well as manufacturing-oriented conditions. Test fluid properties, especially surface energy as well as viscosity development with respect to temperature were provided, thereby highlighting a more complete picture of the flow situation during resin transfer molding processes. In contrary to former scientific studies, the influence of test fluids seems to have more influence when investigating Bindered Preforms.

The compaction behavior of continuous carbon fiber tows was experimentally studied by means of laser light sectioning method. This method allows a direct measurement of tow cross-sectional dimensions during continuous processes. In this work the carbon fiber tows are axially stressed and laid on a curved structure in order to examine their compaction behavior on a smooth surface. The results show a similar compaction behavior for all studied carbon fiber tows that is independent of the tow size.

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Extensive competition in manufacturing have left no space for system inefficiencies and it has evolved a manufacturing environment which seeks reduced manufacturing lead times, increased quality standards, vast product variety and competitive cost. The trend towards globalization requires these manufacturing environments to be designed such that it can cater challenges of market place to survive and grow. To cope with these challenges the technologies support with automation and flexibility. The objectives of improvement of manufacturing environment are the basis of emergence of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). In this paper a case study of small and medium enterprise (SME) is presented with contribution of some performance improvement methods for flexible manufacturing system. Analytical models illustrated in literature are employed to estimate the performance measures like utilization and maximum production rate. Development of an improved design for existing flexible manufa...

Global manufacturing networks and supply chains are facing ongoing dynamic changes in the evolutionary business ecosystems. The introduction of new process technologies and the advances in manufacturing intelligence capabilities are having profound effects on the strategies, decisions, management, and operations involved in manufacturing (Chien et al. 2007; Leachman et al. 2007). While big data is accumulated due to the fully automation manufacturing facilities and logistics systems for business integration, various solutions and techniques are developed to extract useful information and derive effective intelligence to address new challenges such as cycle time reduction (

The primary objective of this study was to design the grabbing technique used to determine the vacuum suction gripper and its design parameters for the pocket welting operation in apparel manufacturing. It presents the application of vacuum suction in grabbing technology, a technique that has revolutionized the handling and manipulation to grasp the various fabric materials in a range of garment industries. Vacuum suction, being non-intrusive and non-invasive, offers several advantages compared to traditional grabbing methods. It is particularly useful in scenarios where soft woven fabric and air-impermeable fabric items need to be handled with utmost care. The paper delves into the working principles of vacuum suction, its various components, and the underlying physics involved. Furthermore, it explores the various applications of vacuum suction in the garment industry in the automation exploration. The paper also highlights the challenges and limitations of vacuum suction technology and suggests potential areas for further research and development.

The finite element method (FEM) has considerably contributed to the development of advanced manufacturing methods for metal structures. The prediction of the final shape of a component is of great interest to the manufacturing industry. The level of demand may increase due to multistage processes. Therefore, including all steps of the manufacturing chain in the simulations is a key to being successful. This has been done for a long time in the stamping industry, which involves sequences of forming, trimming, and springback. However, more complex manufacturing procedures that include assembling of formed parts with forgings and castings via welding have been modelled with simplifications, resulting in a reduced prediction accuracy. In the present study, a double-curved part manufactured from alloy 718 is formed at 20 °C and laser-welded using the bead-on-plate procedure. The coupling of different manufacturing analyses, including cold forming, trimming, result mapping, welding, cooli...

Generative manufacturing technologies are gaining more and more of importance as key enabling technologies in future manufacturing, especially when a flexible scalable manufacturing of small medium series of customized parts is required. The paper describes a new approach for design and manufacturing of complex three dimensional components building on a combination of additive manufacturing and e-printing technologies, where the micro component is made up of stacks of functionalized layers of polymer films. Special attention will be paid to the "3-d" modeling approach, requested to support the applicaton developer through provision of design rules for this integrated manufacturing concept . Both, the application concept as well as the related equipment and manufacturing integration currently are currently developed further in the project SMARTLAM, funded by the European Commission.

This book offers a comprehensive perspective on policy theories, policy formulation and implementation, and alternative paradigm for dealing with complex social and economic systems. It presents insights into policies on major development sectors, including health, education, urbanization, climate change, innovation, advanced manufacturing, and economic growth. It delves into why public policies matter more than resources and are crucial for shaping the future of a country. It attempts a pioneering effort and delineates a complexity theory framework to deal with uncertainty, nonlinearity, emergence, and evolution. It comprises systems thinking, design thinking, complexity thinking, and tools for complexity analysis. Applicable to a policy system, economy, business, and organization, the complexity theory relies on phenomena like emergence, self-organizing property, adaptation, coevolution, and path dependency, in a clear departure from reductionism and Newtonian paradigm. Through academic rigor, it makes a convincing case for better understanding of application of complexity theory. It covers real-world examples and case studies related to evolution of economies of silicon valleys – Bengaluru (India) and San Francisco Bay (USA). These cases underscore the essentiality of complexity theory.

In terms of policy formulations, the book contains a policy design framework covering the science of policymaking, innovative approaches, and methodology for policy design. To deal with dynamic systems, it includes a step-by-step guide for the application of system dynamics. It articulates alternative paradigm – adaptive policies and policy design; alternative theory – complexity theory; and new public organizations and institutional development for meeting the challenges of the 21st century.

Aiming to reduce fuzziness, the book combines both researcher’s in-depth analysis as well as practitioner’s perspective, thus serving as a vital read for scholars of public policy, management, and economics. It emphasizes the primacy of policy process to discern deep understanding from the ground and to integrate micro-level realities and macro-level requirements. It argues for change from Weberian bureaucratic model to adaptive approaches and recommends policy system reforms, highlighting that countries should make the right policy choices early to steer ahead. In doing so, the book serves the requirements of policymakers and thought leaders.

Recently, many industries adopted lean manufacturing philosophy to improve efficiency through reducing waste for maximization of profit. Most of the manufacturers have benefited the implementation of lean manufacturing through process effectiveness. However, despite of all its effectiveness in the production process, manufacturing industry is facing a real challenge instigated by the stakeholders (i.e. Customers, policy makers, regulatory authorities and society). Stakeholders are consistently pressurizing manufacturers to integrate the social and environmental factor within their production process to protect society and the environment from the negative effects of the manufacturing process, as a result manufacturing process experience continuous adaptation. This adaptation caused technological and procedural shifts, this significantly alter the fundamental manufacturing concepts. Current study provide the basic alterations in the fundamental principles of the green manufacturing paradigm, this adaptation ultimately leads to the new manufacturing paradigm of Sustainable manufacturing. Sustainable manufacturing is a broader concept of manufacturing focused on the integration of social, environmental and economic factors in manufacturing procedures.

Detailed study of the friction stir welding (FSW) process has led to a better understanding of how the process works in terms of material flow and heat generation mechanisms. However, no publications have comprehensively described the relationships between the different processing variables and how these variables affect key process conditions, such as temperature distribution, material conditions at the welding tool, etc. This paper seeks to describe the relationships between the independent process variables, such as travel speed, spindle speed and anvil condition, and the dependent process results, such as the spindle torque, heat generation and workpiece temperature distribution. The conceptual model proposed here, revised from an earlier version to distinguish between heat generated by friction and heat generated by plastic work, relates the main processing variables by showing the influence of physical effects on heat generation in the workpiece. Case studies are used to confirm and explore the relationships expressed in the conceptual model.

Friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum components using both fixed and variable gap bobbin tools has been demonstrated by several researchers, and reportedly these procedures were relatively easy to develop. However, in materials below approximately 6mm thickness, weld initiation was reported to be difficult. Bobbin welds do not have an initial phase where the welding tool probe is plunged axially into the workpiece as is done in conventional FSW. Bobbin welds are typically started by driving onto the edge of the plate or from a pre-drilled hole with an initially slow travel speed until plastic deformation starts, followed by acceleration of the travel speed to the final steady state value. In thin materials, the two main problems are tearing of the workpiece edge, where a piece of material tears away and becomes lodged in the welding tool gap, or accumulation of a solid mass of material within the gap. Both of these conditions make weld initiation unlikely and typically require stopping the weld, cleaning the tool components, and discarding the components being welded. Based on many experiments with weld initiation in 5XXX and 6XXX aluminum extrusions using fixed-gap bobbin tools, welding tool designs and procedures have been developed that can permit welding in aluminum alloys as thin as 3-mm. It has been found that these welds require strict adherence to procedures, but upon doing so, reliable welding procedures can be developed.

The discipline of nuclear engineering is described, giving some historical background to explain the structure of the curricula commonly found in nuclear engineering programs in the U.S. Typical curricula are described, along with a specific example given by the University of Michigan undergraduate program in nuclear engineering. The National Academy of Sciences report on U.S. nuclear engineering education is summarized, and the major findings are presented, including data on the number of programs, number of degrees, and enrollment trends. Some discussion is made of manpower trends and the degree to which nuclear programs can supply nuclear engineers to meet the anticipated demands of the current decade and into the next century.