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2001, Astronomy & Astrophysics
High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the eclipsing RS CVn-type active close binaries SV Camelopardalis and XY Ursae Majoris reveal excess emission components in the Hα and Hβ lines. We have used the spectral subtraction technique to separate the excess emission from the photospheric background and find that in both stars the excess emission is associated with the secondary, cooler component. Analysis of the EWHα/EW Hβ ratio indicates that in both cases the emission is probably associated with surface plage regions or prominences viewed against the stellar disks. We find no evidence of excess absorption features associated with extended prominence-like material in these systems.
Astrophysics and Space Science, 1975
Thirteen high-dispersion spectrographs of the eclipsing binary star SZ Cam have been studied with a view of determining more accurate information on: (i) the spectral type and luminosity classifications, (ii) absolute parameters for the component stars, (iii) the stellar environment of SZ Cam. The main results in these categories are as follows: (i) O9.
The Astronomical Journal, 2002
We present high-resolution optical spectra of EUV-selected late-type stars. We have detected seven new spectroscopic binaries, including a pair of F stars and an RS Canum Venaticorum candidate. Many of the stars in our sample show remarkable H emission with equivalent widths up to 8 Å. Several sources show strong He i 5876 Å emission. We use cross-correlation techniques to estimate line-of-sight rotational velocities and find that they range from less than 5 to over 80 km s À1. Several of the stars show a strong Li 6707 Å line, which we use to determine their Li abundances. The EUV-to-bolometric luminosity, a measure of the coronal heating efficiency, is as high as 10 À3. The present sample extends the EUV-selected late-type stars to lower Rossby numbers and makes the coronal saturation boundary better pronounced. Our results indicate that there is a drop in the EUV emission from the corona in late M dwarfs possibly because of a change in the nature of the magnetic dynamo in fully convective stars.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2008
Chromospherically Active Binaries (CAB) catalogue have been revised and updated. With 203 new identifications, the number of CAB stars is increased to 409. Catalogue is available in electronic format where each system has various number of lines (suborders) with a unique order number. Columns contain data of limited number of selected cross references, comments to explain peculiarities and position of the binarity in case it belongs to a multiple system, classical identifications (RS CVn, BY Dra), brightness and colours, photometric and spectroscopic data, description of emission features (Ca II H&K, H α , UV, IR), X-Ray luminosity, radio flux, physical quantities and orbital information, where each basic entry are referenced so users can go original sources.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2014
The star 1SWASP J024743.37−251549.2 was recently discovered to be a binary star in which an A-type dwarf star eclipses the remnant of a disrupted red giant star (WASP 0247−25 B). The remnant is in a rarely-observed state evolving to higher effective temperatures at nearly constant luminosity prior to becoming a very low-mass white dwarf composed almost entirely of helium, i.e., it is a pre-He-WD. We have used the WASP photometric database to find 17 eclipsing binary stars with orbital periods P=0.7 -2.2 d with similar lightcurves to 1SWASP J024743.37−251549.2. The only star in this group previously identified as a variable star is the brightest one, EL CVn, which we adopt as the prototype for this class of eclipsing binary star. The characteristic lightcurves of EL CVn-type stars show a total eclipse by an A-type dwarf star of a smaller, hotter star and a secondary eclipse of comparable depth to the primary eclipse. We have used new spectroscopic observations for 6 of these systems to confirm that the companions to the A-type stars in these binaries have very low masses (≈ 0.2M ⊙ ). This includes the companion to EL CVn which was not previously known to be a pre-He-WD. EL CVn-type binary star systems will enable us to study the formation of very low-mass white dwarfs in great detail, particularly in those cases where the pre-He-WD star shows non-radial pulsations similar to those recently discovered in WASP0247−25 B.
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2006
A monitoring of three active RS CVn binaries has been performed with medium resolution spectroscopy with the aim of investigating the behavior of chromospheric and photospheric inhomogeneities. Surface temperature, as recovered from line-depth ratios (LDRs), allowed us to map the photospheric spots, while the Hα emission has been used as an indicator of chromospheric inhomogeneities. We have found that the rotational modulation of the Hα emission is always in anti-phase with the temperature wave, i.e. at the time of our observations active regions at chromospheric and photospheric levels are closely spatially associated in these active stars. The residual Hα profiles, obtained as the difference between the observed spectra and non-active templates, are well reproduced by a two Gaussian fitting. The broad emission component, responsible for the wide emission wings in near all the spectra, is often blue-shifted with respect to the center of the stellar disk. The narrow Hα emission displays a phase-dependent variation in all stars and is anti-correlated with the photospheric diagnostics, while the broad one displays no or little rotational modulation. We suggest that the broad emission component is mainly related to physical phenomena, like micro-flaring or strong chromospheric velocity fields, occurring all over the star disk, while the central narrow emission is more affected by chromospheric plages. We have also detected a modulation of the intensity of the He i D 3 line with the star rotation, suggesting surface features also in the upper chromosphere of these stars.
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2006
We present FUV and UV spectroscopic observations of AD Leonis, with the aim of investigating opacity effects in the transition regions of late-type stars. The C III lines in FUSE spectra show significant opacity during both the quiescent and flaring states of AD Leonis, with up to 30% of the expected flux being lost during the latter. Other FUSE emission lines tested for opacity include those of O VI, while C IV, Si IV and N V transitions observed with STIS are also investigated. These lines only reveal modest amounts of opacity with losses during flaring of up to 20%. Optical depths have been calculated for homogeneous and inhomogeneous geometries, giving path lengths of ≈ 20-60 km and ≈ 10-30 km, respectively, under quiescent conditions. However path lengths derived during flaring are ≈2-3 times larger. These values are in excellent agreement with both estimates of the small-scale structure observed in the solar transition region, and path lengths derived previously for several other active late-type stars.
International Astronomical Union Colloquium
A new uvby and Hβ monitoring program of low mass eclipsing binaries is currently being carried out in the framework of a 5 year observational program which also involves radial velocity determinations. The scope of this work is to provide very accurate absolute astrophysical parameters: mass, radius and effective temperatures, for main sequence late-type stars. One of the main goals is to improve the mass-luminosity relation in the low and intermediate mass range. A second objective is to perform accurate tests of the most recent grids of evolutionary models. This program is complementary to that currently being in progresss by the Copenhagen group.In this contribution we present the photometric preliminary results obtained for three of the systems included in our long term survey: BH Vir, ZZ UMa and CR Cas for which, primary eclipses have been observed. Particular attention is paid to the determination of reddening, distances and radiative properties. A more detailed study will be ...
2000
New photometric solutions have been carried out on the important eccentric eclipsing system V380 Cygni (B1.5II-III + B2V) from UBV differential photoelectric photometry obtained by us. The photometric elements obtained from the analysis of the light curves have been combined with the spectroscopic solution recently published by Popper & Guinan and have led to the physical properties of the system components. The effective temperature of the stars has been determined by fitting IUE UV spectrophotometry to Kurucz model atmospheres and compared with other determinations from broad-band and intermediate-band standard photometry. The values of mass, absolute radius, and effective temperature, for the primary and secondary stars are: 11.1+/-0.5 Mo, 14.7+/-0.2 Ro, 21350+/-400 K, and 6.95+/-0.25 Mo, 3.74+/-0.07 Ro, 20500+/-500 K, respectively. In addition, a re-determination of the system's apsidal motion rate has been done from the analysis of 12 eclipse timings obtained from 1923 to 1...
The Astronomical Journal, 2002
We report the results of our radial-velocity monitoring of spectroscopic binary systems in a sample of X-ray sources from the ROSAT All Sky Survey south of the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. The original sample of ∼120 sources by Neuhäuser et al. was selected on the basis of their X-ray properties and the visual magnitude of the nearest optical counterpart, in such a way as to promote the inclusion of young objects. Roughly 20% of those sources have previously been confirmed to be very young. We focus here on the subset of the original sample that shows variable radial velocities (43 objects), a few of which have also been flagged previously as being young. New spectroscopic orbits are presented for 42 of those systems. Two of the binaries, RXJ0528.9+1046 and RXJ0529.3+1210, are indeed weak-lined T Tauri stars likely to be associated with the λ Ori region. Most of the other binaries are active objects of the RS CVn-type, including several W UMa and Algol systems. We detect a strong excess of short-period binaries compared to the field, and an unusually large fraction of double-lined systems. This, along with the overall high frequency of binaries out of the original sample of ∼120 sources, can be understood as a selection effect since all these properties tend to favor the inclusion of the objects in a flux-limited X-ray survey such as this by making them brighter in X-rays. A short description of the physical properties of each binary is provided, 1 Some of the observations reported here were obtained with the Multiple Mirror Telescope, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 2000
This is the third paper of a series aimed at studying the chromosphere of active binary systems using the information provided for several optical spectroscopic features. High resolution echelle spectra including all the optical chromospheric activity indicators from the Ca ii H & K to Ca ii IRT lines are analysed here for 16 systems. The chromospheric contribution in these lines has been determined using the spectral subtraction technique. Very broad wings have been found in the subtracted Hα profile of the very active star HU Vir. These profiles are well matched using a two-component Gaussian fit (narrow and broad) and the broad component can be interpreted as arising from microflaring. Red-shifted absorption features in the Hα line have been detected in several systems and excess emission in the blue wing of FG UMa was also detected. These features indicate that several dynamical processes, or a combination of them, may be involved. Using the E Hα /E Hβ ratio as a diagnostic we have detected prominence-like extended material viewed off the limb in many stars of the sample, and prominences viewed against the disk at some orbital phases in the dwarfs OU Gem and BF Lyn. The He i D 3 line has been detected as an absorption feature in mainly all the giants of the sample.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2010
We report the results of visual spectroscopy, mid-infrared (MIR) mapping and photometry, and near infrared (NIR) photometry of two candidate symbiotic stars (IPHAS J193108.67+164950.5 and IPHAS J193709.65+202655.7) associated with extended MIR emission. Our analysis of the continua of these sources shows that they are likely to represent Class I-II young stellar objects (YSOs) in which most of the IR emission arises from circumstellar disks, and for which the physical characteristics (stellar temperatures, radii, masses and luminosities) are similar. The extended emission is characterised by a substantial increase in fluxes and dimensions to longer MIR wavelengths. This is likely to arise as a result of emission by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within extended photodissociation regimes (PDRs), centred upon more compact ionized regions responsible for much of the shorter wave emission. Such dual emission structures are characteristic of those observed in many compact HII regions. Finally, we note that the clouds have asymmetrical structures and windswept morphologies, conceivably indicative of shock interaction with external winds. Where this is the case, then it is possible that the YSOs are located in regions of triggered star-formation.
2005
for assisting with the spectroscopic observations. Additional thanks goes to: E. M. Green for providing an annotated list of spectroscopically observed hot subdwarfs; G. B. Berriman for his help interpreting the 2MASS catalog; M. Eracleous for writing useful finding chart programs and making them available for others to use; T. C.
Arxiv preprint astro-ph/ …, 1999
We present high resolution echelle spectra taken during four observing runs from 1999 to 2001 of the recently X-ray/EUV selected chromospherically active binary BK Psc (2RE J0039+103). Our observations confirm the single-lined spectroscopic binary (SB1) nature of this system and allow us to obtain, for the first time, the orbital solution of the system as in the case of a SB2 system. We have determined precise radial velocities of both components: for the primary by using the cross correlation technique, and for the secondary by using its chromospheric emission lines. We have obtained a circular orbit with an orbital period of 2.1663 days, very close to its photometric period of 2.24 days (indicating synchronous rotation). The spectral type (K5V) we determined for our spectra and the mass ratio (1.8) and minimum masses (M sin 3 i) resulting from the orbital solution are compatible with the observed K5V primary and an unseen M3V secondary. Using this spectral classification, the projected rotational velocity (v sin i, of 17.1 km s -1 ) obtained from the width of the cross-correlation function and the data provided by Hipparcos, we have derived other fundamental stellar parameters. The kinematics and the non-detection of the Li i line indicate that it is an old star. The analysis of the optical chromospheric activity indicators from the Ca ii H & K to Ca ii IRT lines, by using the spectral subtraction technique, indicates that both components of the binary system show high levels of chromospheric activity. Hα emission above the continuum from both components is a persistent feature of this system during the period 1999 to 2001 of our observations as well as in previous observations. The Hα and Hβ emission seems to arise from prominence-like material, and the Ca ii IRT emission from plage-like regions.
2016
We present the results of a search of infrared excess candidates in a comprehensive (29 000 stars) magnitude limited sample of dwarf stars, spanning the spectral range F2-K0, and brighter than V=15 mag. We searched the sample within the WISE all sky survey database for objects within 1 arcsecond of the coordinates provided by SIMBAD database and found over 9 000 sources detected in all WISE bands. This latter sample excludes objects that are flagged as extended sources and those images which are affected by various optical artifacts. For each detected object, we compared the observed W4/W2 (22µm/4.6µm) flux ratio with the expected photospheric value and identified 197 excess candidates at 3σ. For the vast majority of candidates, the results of this analysis represent the first reported evidence of an IR excess. Through the comparison with a simple black-body emission model, we derive estimates of the dust temperature, as well as of the dust fractional luminosities. For more than 80% of the sample this temperature is higher than 120 K, suggesting the presence of warm circumstellar dust. Complementary observations at longer wavelengths (far-IR and sub-mm) are required for better characterising and explaining the origin of this emission.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1998
We report on observations of the young binary system HD 35187 (SAO 77144). For the first time, we have obtained spatially resolved optical spectra of the individual stars. Analysis of their effective temperatures indicates that the stars have spectral types of A2 (HD 35187B) and A7 (HD 35187A). Analysis of the H Balmer line indicates a luminosity class V for both stars. At the time of these observations, net H emission was present only towards HD 35187B. However, there is evidence that the photospheric H line in HD 35187A has been 'filled in' relative to its expected strength in an A7 star, so this star may also be associated with some process leading to H emission. Moreover, both stars exhibit absorption in the He I 5876 line well in excess of that expected for their spectral types. Comparison with earlier observations reveals that both the H and He I lines are variable, so both stars are 'active' in some sense. We suggest that the variable He I absorption detected towards both stars is a result of chromospheric activity, and is not necessarily related to the circumstellar environment. We find tentative evidence for a narrow Ca K circumstellar absorption line and excess redshifted absorption of the Na D line profiles in the spectrum of HD 35187B, both of which are absent in the spectrum of HD 35187A. The heliocentric radial velocity of the presumed circumstellar Ca K line (ǹ54.5 km s 21) is similar to that of redshifted circumstellar absorption lines previously identified in IUE spectra of this star, and the velocity range of the Na D absorption precisely matches that of the UV circumstellar components. Moreover, by placing the stars on the HR diagram (with the aid of the reliable Hipparcos distances) we find evidence that HD 35187B is dimmed by about 0.4 mag of grey circumstellar extinction. The detection of net H emission, circumstellar absorption lines, and significant circumstellar extinction for HD 35187B suggests that it has far more mass in its circumstellar environment than its companion, and that the observed IR excess of this system originates from a disc surrounding HD 35187B alone.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2005
A search for discrete absorption components in the ultraviolet spectra of the early-type binaries p Scorpii and AO Cassiopeiae has been undertaken by analyzing material secured with the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite during an exclusively assigned interval of nearly 50 hr. While the spectra of p1 Sco definitely do not show the presence of such lines, the spectra of AO Cas do confirm them and permit us to draw some conclusions about where they may be formed.
The Astrophysical Journal, 2007
We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of four G-K dwarfs, namely HD 166, ǫ Eri, χ 1 Ori and κ 1 Cet. In three cases, we find a clear spatial association between photospheric and chromospheric active regions. For χ 1 Ori we do not find appreciable variations of photospheric temperature, and chromospheric Hα emission. We applied a spot/plage model to the observed rotational modulation of temperature and flux to derive spot/plage parameters and to reconstruct a rough "three-dimensional" map of the outer atmosphere of κ 1 Cet, HD 166 and ǫ Eri.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1999
We present the results of high-resolution spectroscopic, low-resolution spectrophotometric and spectropolarimetric and broad-band multicolour observations of four B-type stars (HD 4881, 5839, 224648 and 179218) and two A-type stars (HD 32509 and 184761) with strong far-infrared (IR) excesses. The excess in HD 184761, which is located at a distance of 65 pc from the Sun, was recognized for the ®rst time. Double-peaked Ha emission line pro®les are found in HD 4881 and HD 5839, while HD 184761, HD 224648 and HD 32509 display no emission in Ha. The remarkable variations observed in the Ha pro®le of HD 179218 are also observed in some classical Be and Herbig Ae/Be stars. An intrinsic component of polarization is clearly present in HD 179218, only an interstellar component is detected in HD 4881 and HD 224648, and HD 184761 was found to be unpolarized. Improved effective temperatures for all six objects were derived. Parallaxes measured by the Hipparcos satellite were used to determine positions of the stars in the HR diagram. HD 4881 and HD 5839 are an order of magnitude more luminous than main-sequence stars of similar temperatures and are most likely newly discovered classical Be stars. Study of the high-resolution IRAS maps and modelling of the spectral energy distributions of HD 4881, HD 5839 and HD 224648 suggest that the observed large IR excesses are caused by radiation from circumstellar dust rather than free±free radiation or infrared cirrus, so they may be higher mass counterparts of b Pictoris stars. HD 32509, HD 224648 and HD 184761, which have very small near-IR excesses, are probably young main-sequence stars. HD 179218, which exhibits the largest near-and far-IR excess in the sample, is an isolated pre-main-sequence Herbig Be star.
Astronomical Journal, 1997
We present optical identifications of 30 previously unidentified extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray sources coinciding with the position of faint sources detected during the all-sky surveys of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) in the 58-174 Â (0.071-0.214 keV) band and of the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) in the 5-120 Â (0.1-2.4 keV x-ray) band. We present low-resolution spectra of the possible optical counterparts of the x-ray and EUVE sources obtained with 1.5 m telescope at CTIO in 1995 May and December and 1996 February. The optical counterparts for 23 sources are identified as late-type (dKe and dMe) stars, and 4 are identified as new DA white dwarfs. All spectra of sources identified as late-type stars show the Balmer series and Ca H and K fines in emission, indicating the signature of chromospheric activity. For the white dwarfs, the joint detection by the ROSAT PSPC and the EUVE Lexan band indicates that they have a low-abundance of metals and that their EUV emission is mostly attenuated by the local interstellar medium (ISM).
The Astrophysical Journal, 2015
Eclipsing systems of massive stars allow one to explore the properties of their components in great detail. We perform a multi-wavelength, non-LTE analysis of the three components of the massive multiple system δ Ori A, focusing on the fundamental stellar properties, stellar winds, and X-ray characteristics of the system. The primary's distance-independent parameters turn out to be characteristic for its spectral type (O9.5 II), but usage of the Hipparcos parallax yields surprisingly low values for the mass, radius, and luminosity. Consistent values follow only if δ Ori lies at about twice the Hipparcos distance, in the vicinity of the σ-Orionis cluster. The primary and tertiary dominate the spectrum and leave the secondary only marginally detectable. We estimate the V-band magnitude difference between primary and secondary to be V 2. 8 m 1- , which agrees with hydrodynamic predictions, and provides a consistent picture along the X-ray, UV, optical, and radio spectral domains.
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