A celebration of the Swedish school
Roland Lindh2017, Molecular Physics
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The Göteborg atomic-theory group
2008
In this report we wish to describe the background and development of the atomic-theory group in Göteborg and to put its achievements in an international perspective. Of particular interest to us, living in a small country, remote from the main research centers, is how our works are being received and commented upon in the scientific literature. One source of information is the citation index on the Web of Science, a system that evidently has been considerably improved during the last few years.
Sweden is calling: What shapes the delay in the Nobel Prize discoveries? A research note
MPRA Paper, 2021
The scope of this study is to shed light on the determinants of the time gap between the publication of a Nobel discovery and the bestowment of the prize across three science fields (Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine). The econometric evidence supports that the delay gap is inversely related to the age of the Laureate when the Nobel-worthy contribution was published in Physics and Chemistry but not in Medicine. An increase of the age of the researcher by one year leads to a reduction of the Nobel delay by almost three months on average while sharing the Prize for the same research delays the award by approximately 1.2 years. Lastly, important theoretical discoveries increase the delay by 3.3 years on average, while obtaining the last education degree a year later delays the Nobel Prize by 4.7 months on average.
FIRST ALL-UNION USSR SCHOOL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
Every year since 1961, we have had in our country All-Union conferences on quantum chemistry, which have, to a considerable degree, stimulated studies being made in the USSR on the quantum mechanics of atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions. The benefit derived from these conferences is obvious.
Aspects from the history of quantum chemistry
Sementes de Ciência: livro de homenagem António Marinho Amorim da Costa, 2011
“Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on Quantum Chemistry” (review symposium on Neither Physics Nor Chemistry: A History of Quantum Chemistry by Gavroglu and Simões), Metascience 22 (2013), 523–528
Hasok ChangIn this book, Gavroglu and Simões offer a definitive account of the history of quantum chemistry, the like of which is not to be found anywhere in the extant literature to the best of my knowledge. It is a pleasing and impressive culmination of 20 years of work, a new synthesis which develops and brings together numerous previous publications by the authors into a coherent and comprehensive whole. It is based on extensive and painstaking studies of both secondary and primary sources (published and archival), as the well-balanced 48-page bibliography easily attests. Various fascinating strands of development are recounted and reconstructed, with meticulous technical detail and also with instructive attention to the biographical, institutional, and sociopolitical factors that shaped the technical developments. The authors stress the contingency in the scientific developments they discuss and do not force a deterministic historiography on the material. For example, it is surely
The 6th Young Faculty Meeting – A Dynamic Generation of Group Leaders in Switzerland Share Breadth of Results, Network and Explore Chemistry Communication
CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry, 2013
Haldor Frederik Aksel Topsøe: The man, the scientist and the company
Journal of Catalysis, 2015
The origins of the research on the foundations of quantum mechanics (and other critical activities) in Italy during the 1970s
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
We present a reconstruction of the studies on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics carried out in Italy at the turn of the 1960s. Actually, they preceded the revival of the interest of the American physicists towards the foundations of quantum mechanics around mid-1970s, recently reconstructed by David Kaiser in a book of 2011. An element common to both cases is the role played by the young generation, even though the respective motivations were quite different. In the US they reacted to research cuts after the war in Vietnam, and were inspired by the New Age mood. In Italy the dissatisfaction of the young generations was rooted in the student protests of 1968 and the subsequent labour and social fights, which challenged the role of scientists. The young generations of physicists searched for new scientific approaches and challenged their own scientific knowledge and role. The criticism to the foundations of quantum mechanics and the perspectives of submitting them to experimental tests were perceived as an innovative research field and this attitude was directly linked to the search for an innovative and radical approach in the history of science. All these initiatives gave rise to booming activity throughout the 1970s, contributing to influence the scientific attitude and the teaching approach. Keywords Foundations of quantum mechanics; Varenna school on foundations of quantum mechanics; social engagement of young Italian physicists; Franco Selleri's critical attitudes; history of physics. 6. The international Varenna school on the FQM of 1970, a melting pot of elaboration for the young Italian physicists the introduction of innovative or controversial items, that we have reconstructed in this research, was, at least by part of an-enlightened‖ component of the physicists, not merely instrumental. In any case, we deem also that the co-optation in the Steering Committee of SIF of declared left-wing physicists like Marcello Cini, and younger ones like Franco Selleri, was a subtle strategy. 9 An interesting information provided in Freire's book (Freire 2014, p. 159), is that Leon-Rosenfeld was invited to speak about the measurability of quantum fields and accepted. However, after reading the invitation letter and the list of speakers, [among which there was Wigner] he withdrew and sent Jørgen Kalckar, a younger physicist from the Niels Bohr Institute, in his place‖ (cfr. footnote 3).
Nobel Prizes : 2022 Chemistry
Science and culture, 2022
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Theoretical and computational chemistry in Spain
Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, 2011
Can quantum ideas explain chemistry’s greatest icon?
Nature, 2019
Such has been the scientific and cultural impact of Dmitri Mendeleev’s periodic table of the elements that many people assume it is essentially complete. In its 150th year, can researchers simply raise a toast to the table’s many dividends, and occasionally incorporate another heavy synthetic element? No — this invaluable compilation is still not settled. The placements of certain elements, even hydrogen and helium, are debated. Chemists dispute certain groupings, such as which elements should form group three of the periodic table
Theoretical chemistry in Belgium
Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, 2013
In Belgium, theoretical chemistry began more than 50 years ago, with an initial focus on quantum chemistry, which gradually developed into a general interest in different domains of theoretical chemistry. In the Florile`ge des Sciences en Belgique [1], Louis d'Or cites as founding members of quantum chemistry in Belgium: Jean-Claude Lorquet at the Université de Liège, Georges Leroy at the Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Georges Verhaegen at Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Luc Van-quickenborne at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), and Piet van Leuven at Antwerpen (RUCA). Nowadays, Belgium counts around 200 theoretical chemists, spread over 10 universities (Fig. 1). This special issue includes contributions from the different theoretical chemistry groups, illustrating the diversity and richness of the field whereas this Editorial is the occasion to sketch some aspects of the evolution of quantum chemistry and theoretical chemistry in our country. Key elements in the developments of the field have also been the collaborations, the creation of working groups, and the organization of conferences, of which the twoyearly meeting Quantum Chemistry in Belgium, that was the stimulus for preparing this special issue.
Review of Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry ; ACS Symposium Series 1122 , by E. Thomas Strom and Angela K. Wilson , Eds. American Chemical Society : Washington, DC , 2013 . 330 pp. ISBN 978-0841227163 (hardcover). $ 150.00 (Individual chapters downloadable for ACS members)
Journal of Chemical Education, 2014
Baltic Conferences on History of Science: Documenting the History of Science of the Baltic Countries in 1958-2019
Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, 2022
The first attempt to bring together the historians of science from the Baltic States took place in Riga in 1958. Prof. Pauls Stradiņš (1896-1958) initiated and organised a joint meeting for historians of science from Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania under the supervision of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. A program for future joint activities was developed, and the tradition of joint conferences-the Baltic Conference on History of Science (BCHS)-in each country followed. In 1991, the Baltic Association of the History and Philosophy of Science (BAHPS), uniting historians and philosophers of science of independent Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, took over organising the BCHS. The article aims to present an overview of the published results of the conference, which is partly based on the annotated bibliography (1958-1985) of the conference. The authors analyse the subject, dissemination and tradition of the BCHS, and discuss the role of academic institutions in organising the events. Since the overview was inspired by a decision to gather a complete set of books of conference abstracts, it also resulted in recommendations for conference organisers. Between 1958 and 2019, twenty-nine conferences were organised and 2,880 papers were presented. The next conference will take place in Finland in 2022. The main ideas of the article were presented at the 26th International Congress on History and Philosophy of Science in Prague in 2021.
Dangerous Liaisons or Unavoidable Associations: Quantum Chemistry at the Crossroads of Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics
2000
istry was experiencing intense growth in networking and in internationalisation and was exploring the potential of a promising instrument -the electronic digital computer- while simultaneously extending its domain to molecules of biological interest, the definition bears witness to the challenges posed at the time when contrasted with the previous state of things. It calls attention to a number of spe-
Kostas Gavroglu and Ana Simões: Neither Physics nor Chemistry: A History of Quantum Chemistry
Science & Education, 2013
This book provides an excellent account of the history of quantum chemistry not only for historians and philosophers of science but also science educators and graduate students. The book is organized in 5 chapters, references and an index. The list of the chapters provides a brief outline of how the book is organized: Chapter 1 Quantum chemistry qua physics: The promises and deadlocks of using first principles; Chapter 2 Quantum chemistry qua chemistry: Rules and more rules; Chapter 3 Quantum chemistry qua applied mathematics: Approximation methods and crunching numbers; Chapter 4 Quantum chemistry qua programming: Computers and the cultures of quantum chemistry; Chapter 5 The emergence of a subdiscipline: Historiographical considerations. The authors have developed the history of quantum chemistry around the following six clusters of issues: the epistemic content of quantum chemistry, the social issues involved in disciplinary emergence, the contingent character of its various developments, the dramatic changes brought about by the digital computer, the philosophical issues related to the work of almost all the protagonists and the importance of styles of reasoning in assessing different approaches to quantum chemistry. 1 Quantum Chemistry and the Use of Mathematics A central theme of the book is the resistance of chemists to include mathematics and physics to understand quantum chemistry and following are some examples: (a) The dilemma of whether chemists should apply quantum mechanics to chemical problems and the consequent use of mathematics was a fundamental problem and dealt with the relative autonomy of chemistry with respect to physics (p. 105). (b) L. Pauling's The Nature of the Chemical Bond stressed the use of quantum mechanics in order to understand the chemical bond. However, he was careful to keep the mathematical formulations to bare minimum and at the same appealed to ''chemists' intuitions'' and experimental data (p. 116).
Quantum technology 2.0 - topics and contributing countries from 1980 to 2018
ArXiv, 2021
The second quantum technological revolution started around 1980 with the control of single quantum particles and their interaction on an individual basis. These experimental achievements enabled physicists and engineers to utilize long-known quantum features especially superposition and entanglement of single quantum states for a whole range of practical applications. We use a publication set of 54,598 papers from the Web of Science published between 1980 and 2018 to investigate the time development of four main subfields of quantum technology in terms of numbers and shares of publication as well as the occurrence of topics and their relation to the 25 top contributing countries. Three successive time periods are distinguished in the analyses by their short doubling times in relation to the whole Web of Science. The periods can be characterized by the publication of pioneering works, the exploration of research topics, and the maturing of quantum technology, respectively. Compared t...
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