17th century Europe

The late medieval urban order in the two Romanian principalities
of Wallachia and Moldavia underwent two significant transformations
in the eighteenth century, both instigated by princes. Initially, they sought
to reinforce their power and secure the support of the Church and the great
boyars, which led them to sacrifice the towns and take over the land that
surrounded them. The townspeople were directly affected, because this
had an impact on their livelihoods, with some of their sources of income
being drastically diminished or even eliminated. By 1800, however, the
outlook had changed. The influence of the Enlightenment and the French
Revolution altered perceptions and towns began to thrive again.

El presente artículo tiene por objeto poner de manifiesto la trayectoria vital de uno de los personajes más relevantes en la última resistencia de Barcelona a las tropas borbónicas de Felipe V el 11 de septiembre de 1714, poniendo de manifiesto los vaivenes y cambios de posicionamiento de los distintos individuos durante el conflicto sucesorio y a qué causas se debieron. Las oscilaciones durante el desarrollo de la guerra de Sucesión española, y su incierto desenlace para sus partícipes, influyó de manera
directa en el posicionamiento que adoptaron durante la contienda algunos de los individuos protagonistas como D. Antonio Castillo y Chirino, quien fue modulando su trayectoria vital desde una apasionada defensa de la figura de Felipe V hasta llegar a abrazar el austracismo de una forma radical hasta las últimas consecuencias. Intentaremos establecer los principales hitos de su trayectoria vital, las distintas causas que podrían explicar su viraje vital y su relación del devenir de los acontecimientos
bélicos.

The purpose with this survey, is to examine samples from ironage houses and other contexts from Gamla Uppsala. Samples were taken as part of contract archaeology excavations for the building of OKB, but weren't prioritised for these investigations. Macrofossil from the houses and other areas are analysed, in order to answer questions about the function of the houses, the surrounding environment and possible social situations. Macrofossil is organic material visible for the naked eye, such as seeds, bone, insects, shells etc. To make the material available, flotation of the soil samples is used in order to separate the macrofossil from de soil itself. Other surveys have been executed with the same project (OKB) as background, which results will be used as a comparison to this study. The main findings of archaeobotanical analyses so far has been the identificaton were different kinds of cerealgrains, which indicate human household activities. The intention of this analysis is to i...

De Twee Rozen glasshouse was one of the best-known glasshouses in seventeenthcentury Amsterdam and an important producer of glass in the Venetian style. It occupied two sites: initially at Keizersgracht, from 1621, it then moved in 1657 to Rozengracht, further from the center of the city. Production debris recovered from a deposit close to the Keizersgracht site were originally attributed to an earlier glasshouse, but a reinterpretation in light of more recent excavations firmly attributes these glasses to the first location of De Twee Rozen. We present 50 new SEM-EDS analyses of vessel glass, moils, trim-offs, unfinished objects, and production waste from the later site at Rozengracht and compare these with previously published analyses from both sites. Several changes in glass technology appear to have been introduced following the change of location. First, a cristallo-type technology, involving the purification of ashes to produce a glass with lower Fe 2 O 3 appears to have been used exclusively at Rozengracht. Thus, the introduction of glass production in the Venetian style was not accompanied by the signature Venetian glassmaking technology, which seems to have followed later. Second, the relatively new method of opacification using antimony was introduced, along with other changes, such as the introduction of lead into the cobalt-blue glass used in polychrome decorative canes. The origins of these new technologies are discussed in particular in view of the presence of the chemist Johann Rudolf Glauber at De Twee Rozen and its direction by a Venetian master, Nicalao Stua, from 1667. Venice was the leading glass producer of the European Renaissance. Its colorless cristallo was superior to other glass, and from the fifteenth century, its elegant and inventive vessels represented the height of fashion and were highly desired. Underpinned QUICK CITATION

In the early 17th century, the French monarchical state requested the clearance of debts incurred during the Wars of Religion. From 1600 to 1640, this vast movement led to the sale of a large number of public lands (commons) in Provence and the southern French Alps resulting in major changes in their use. In regions with the most fragile ecosystems prone to erosion, new owners pushed for the colonization of hills and slopes to settle new emphyteutic farmers. After 1660, live-stock farming collapsed, causing massive losses for upland communities. These environmental changes preceded a severe regional climatic crisis at the end of the century, coinciding with the Maunder minimum. The presentation examines, what respective roles played climatic factors and anthropogenic pressure on the natural environ-ment in this socio-environmental crisis.

УДК[94(478):322]"140/185" Дмитро ЧУЧКО МОЛДАВСЬКІ ВОЄВОДИ І БОЯРИ ЯК ЖЕРТВОДАВЦІ ПРАВОСЛАВНОЇ ЦЕРКВИ В XV-СЕРЕДИНІ ХІХ ст. Стаття присвячена жертводавчій діяльності господарів Молдавії та боярства на користь Православної Церкви в XV-середині ХІХ ст. У дослідженні йдеться про те, що для зміцнення позицій Церкви як духовної опори влади молдавських воєвод світські володарі в особі господаря та боярства, котре входило до урядового апарату, почали жертвувати на потреби церковних інституцій значні земельні володіння, предмети культу. Господарі також дарували кліру різні привілеї. На рубежі XVI-XVIІ ст. на теренах Молдавії стала поширюватися практика підпорядкування місцевих монастирів закордонним православним святиням. Щедрі пожертви з боку воєвод та бояр перетворили Православну Церкву в Молдавії на великого землевласника. Не останню роль у матеріальному забезпеченні церковних інституцій відігравала характерна для доіндустріальної доби глибока релігійність населення країни.

Law as Argument in the Pelagic Arena This volume by both younger and more established specialists of legal, maritime, diplomatic, and political history covers the nuanced interplay of neutrality and the law of the sea within Western, Central, and Eastern Europe, emphasising the opening up of the world in the early modern period (i.e. Africa, North America, and the Caribbean). The various faces of neutrality, both in law and politics, appear through commercial, administrative, and geopolitical practical cases and in the writings of famous legal writers. By linking up different sets of knowledge, a kaleidoscope of power configurations and arguments guides the reader through the labyrinth of trade, sea power, and negotiations.

We know well the key figures of the local Ottoman elite in Hungary, who took their fortune after the fall of Buda and advanced their career in the subsequent decades in the established vilayet. They were the engine of the expansion of the Habsburg–Ottoman confines. Despite the rich archontological data on this first generation of predatory beys of the frontier–including their sons–the fate of their third generation is overwhelmingly unknown. We do not know even now that our study’s leading character, Zülfikar Bey, was Mahmud Bey’s son, and grandson of Bali, the second pasha of Buda. Despite his prominent family background, he was just an average governor of Ottoman sancaks. This study dismantles his family background and follows his military career step-by-step between 1564 and 1595. Then–after a decade-long gap–at the beginning of the next century continues the story of a Zülfikar bey between 1606 and 1618, until he reaches the rank of the pasha of Temesvár. We examine and argue whether these two persons could be the same, that is the grandson of Bali Pasha, or not. Zülfikar’s life story will be followed by his appointments to various Hungarian and Serbian sancaks and by his tezkeres showing his increasing fiefdoms and military merits, collected from the records of timar-bestowal registers (ruznamçe defteris).

Von 3. bis 5. Juli 2023 fand das 41. Symposion des Niederösterreichischen Instituts für Landeskunde in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung unter dem Titel Der Sieg der Gegenreformation in Niederösterreich (1608–1657) in Horn statt. Der Tagungsort war doppelt passend gewählt: Zum einen wurde die Veranstaltung in jener Stadt abgehalten, in der 1608 durch den Zusammenschluss der protestantischen Stände Niederösterreichs im Horner Bund ein „Epizentrum“ des protestantischen Widerstandes gebildet wurde. Zum anderen wurde sie auch räumlich im – einen spektakulären Rundumblick über das Horner Becken ermöglichenden – Dachgeschoß des frisch renovierten, denkmalgeschützten „Campus Horn“ – des 1956–1960 nach Plänen des Architekten Ladislaus Hruska errichteten ehemaligen Canisiusheims – beherbergt, das im Sinne des jesuitischen Namensgebers und Vorkämpfers der Gegenreformation bis 2014 als Wohn- und Schulungsstätte für (spätberufene) katholische Priesterkandidaten diente. Wie von dem wissenschaftlichen Konzipienten und Organisator Tobias E. Hämmerle sowie der Tagungsleiterin Elisabeth Loinig in ihren Eingangsstatements erläutert, sei als Periodisierung die von nachhaltigen Umwälzungen geprägte Zeit vom Beginn des habsburgischen Bruderzwists und dem Regierungsantritt von Erzherzog Matthias im Land unter der Enns 1608, unter dem sich die Konfessionalisierungspolitik verstärkt habe, bis zum Tod Kaiser Ferdinands III. 1657, unter dem in den 1650ern die Gegenreformation in Niederösterreich entweder mit der Konversion der Untertanen zum Katholizismus oder deren Emigration ihren offiziellen Abschluss gefunden habe, gewählt worden. Im Zuge dessen wurde auch das treffliche Tagungssujet vorgestellt, das dem Titelbild eines 1654 entstandenen Verzeichnisses der – angeblichen oder wirklichen – Neubekehrten im Viertel ob dem Manhartsberg entstammt und in der von dem Passauer Maler Georg Urtlmayer geschaffenen Illustration die beiden Herrscher Ferdinand III. und Leopold I. unter der Gottesmutter Maria mit dem Jesuskind sowie den Personifikationen der Kirche und der Theologie vor einer Karte des Waldviertels als Triumphatoren über die Häresie zeigt, die als in Ketten gelegte, halbnackte, liegende weibliche Figur mit Schlangenhaupt als Sinnbild für die gewaltsame Unterdrückung des protestantischen Glaubens dargestellt ist.

This chapter deals with Simon Stevin’s 1617 treatise Castrametatio, which was an elaborate publication focused on the layout and construction of military camps. The book was republished several times throughout the seventeenth century, and it can be found in various European libraries even today. In writing Castrametatio, Stevin drew from his rich personal experience obtained as the quartermaster-general of the Dutch armies. He described the preferred layout of a contemporary military camp and the dimensions of particular quarters within it, and also detailed the procedure for camp construction. The aim of this chapter is to present Stevin’s thoughts about contemporary camps and compare them with the ideas of other military authors of the time. It forms a theoretical background to the rest of this volume. Comparison of the books with archaeological research will reveal to what degree the theory presented in military manuals was comparable to actual contemporary practice.

For suppressing and staunching of murderers, thieves, robbers, oppressors, sorners, ravishers of women and raisers of fire… 1 Everyone loves a Highland warrior -until they meet one. 2 During his exile in London (1568-1577), the Flemish artist Lucas De Heere sketched an 'Escossois Sauuage', a Scottish savage or wild Scot, meaning a Highlander. 3 'Escossois Sauuage', a Scottish savage, i.e. a Highlander,

In 1860, the story of Sziget was told in "Denkwürdiger und nützlicher Rheinischer Antiquarius: welcher die wichtigsten und angenehmsten geographischen, historischen und politischen Merkwürdigkeiten des ganzen Rheinstroms, von seinem Ausflusse in das Meer bis zu seinem Ursprunge darstellt."

(Memorable and useful Rhenish Antiquarian: which presents the most important and pleasant geographical, historical and political curiosities of the whole river Rhine, from its outflow into the sea to its source.)
Shared here is the original story in German with a rough translation to English.

Riassunto Prendendo come quadro di riferimento l'opera di C. Weber (Legati e governatori dello Stato pontificio [ 1550-1809], Roma, 1994) mediante l'elaborazione dei dati attinti dallo spoglio sistematico del fondo Secretaria brevium dell'Archivio Segreto Vaticano, si traccia un profilo dei governatori dello Stato pontificio nominati da Paolo V che include le origini geografiche, gli studi compiuti e le carriere. Si accenna alle procedure di nomina per breve e alla struttura dei brevi stessi. In appendice si pubblicano la lista degli utriusque Signaturae referendarii non indicati in B. Katterbach (Referendarii utriusque Signaturae, Città del Vaticano, 1931) ; l'elenco dei governi con i rispettivi governatori in ordine cronologico, ottenuto integrando le liste di Weber con i dati della Secretaria brevium ; l'elenco in ordine alfabetico dei governatori, includente le rispettive nomine e dati biografici a complemento delle notizie offerte da Weber.

(CZ) Autentické oděvní součástky ze 17. století jsou vzácností v českém i evropském kontextu. Mezi ně patří také sada límce tzv. okruží a dvou manžet, které jsou uchovávány na zámku v Jindřichově Hradci. Sada jindřichohradeckých oděvních doplňků patří mezi velmi známé textilní památky a vzhledem k jejich přípisu byly mnohokrát vystaveny. Předkládaný text si klade za cíl přiblížit tyto artefakty z hlediska historické krejčovské a krajkářské technologie. Zabývá se podrobným popisem konstrukce tohoto kusu a technologickým řešením obou typů použitých krajek.

(EN) Authentic clothing items from the 17th century are rare in the Czech and European context. Among them is a set of a collar, called a ruff, and two cuffs, which are kept in the castle in Jindřichův Hradec. The set of clothing accessories from Jindřichův Hradec is one of the most famous textile artefacts and due to their attribution they have been exhibited many times. The present text aims to present these artefacts in terms of historical tailoring and lace-making technology. It deals with a detailed description of the construction of this piece and the technological solution of the two types of lace used.

PILNÁ, Veronika: Okruží a manžety připisovaná Vilému Slavatovi z mobiliáře zámku v Jindřichově Hradci. (in) Průzkumy památek 2/2023. ISSN 1212-1487. s. 63-72.

Bilingual concordances of scripture have been in production for well over half a millennium, serving as foundational resources for biblical research for as many generations. Although computer programs are now far more exhaustive and flexible, the long legacy of printed biblical concordances has left impressions upon even the most up-to-date reference tools, digital or otherwise. The current state of Septuagint scholarship is no exception in this regard. It is therefore important to gain as accurate an understanding of this legacy as possible in order to better assess the current state of the discipline with the benefit of historical hindsight and thus make improvements moving forward. This essay takes modest steps in that direction by unravelling, correcting, and clarifying some details of the production of one 17th century Septuagint concordance, details that have to this point been uncertain, confused, or simply uninvestigated.

Эта статья написана в рамках исследовательского проекта OPUS-16, финансируемого Национальным научным центром Польши, контракт № UMO-2018/31 / B / HS3 / 00846 «Социально-экономическое значение военных лагерей и гарнизонов. в Польско-Литовском государстве (XVI–XVIII вв.)»

Исследование Марка Ширвуда посвящено использованию штыков-пробок в английской армии во второй половине XVII – начале XVIII веков. Автор показал, что втульчатый штык был более универсальным оружием, чем штык-пробка. В выводах своей работы он справедливо подчеркивает, что при изучении истории военного оружия, особенно в доиндустриальный период, нельзя указать конкретные даты изменения вооружения в конкретных армиях и частях. Соответственно, штык-пробка не мог сразу полностью заменил пики. Первоначально штыки использовались для вооружения отрядов драгунов и гренадеров, то есть солдат, которые не имели на вооружении пики. Исследование М. Ширвуда о перевооружении армии представляет интерес и для историков, изучающих Центральную и Восточную Европу XVII–XVIII веков, так как связано с важным вопросом о преемственности в области вооружения между странами Западной, Центральной и Восточной Европы. Представяется, что на основании сохранившейся источниковой базы нельзя делать поспешных выводов относительно использования штыка-пробки.

Actividad codirigida junto a Alba María García Fernández (Universidad de Valladolid). III Seminario Internacional “Cultura nobiliaria e Historia política en la Monarquía de España: Nuevas Investigaciones (Siglos XVI-XVII)” que se celebrará el próximo 28 de febrero de 2025 (de forma virtual). Adscrita a "Cultura nobiliaria y dinámicas de poder entre España e Italia (Siglos XVI-XVIII)" [Universidad de Valladolid]

Las inscripciones (sin coste) estarán disponibles hasta el 25 de febrero remitiendo un correo electrónico a:

culturanobiliariaseminario2025@gmail.com

Más información en el sitio web de "Cultura nobiliaria y dinámicas de poder entre España e Italia (Siglos XVI-XVIII)":

https://culturanobydinamic.wixsite.com/ciclo

This article investigates the lexicon of dispute settlement in early modern Inner Austria, exploring the broadest legal, social, and emotional dimensions of the concept of "enmity" to better understand the nature of dispute settlement and social relations in coeval Central Europe. In particular, the article examines how litigants and courts understood and used "enmity" and its cognates, and how changes in criminal law impacted its usage. The article focuses on interpersonal conflicts and violence among nonnobles, who constituted the vast majority of Inner Austria's population. It demonstrates that well into the 1700s among local urbanites and peasants, "enmity" and its key synonyms expressing ill-will, discord, or hatred-as opposites of love, concord, and friendship-signified a social state of mutual hostility closely related to violent retribution rather than unrestrained feeling.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/austrian-history-yearbook

This paper is the result of research carried out in the postdoctoral research project 'Plebeian Dispute Settlement in Baroque Inner Austria: Between Feud and Criminal Law (Z6-3223)', funded by the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS) in 2021-3.

Obsah 15 Úvod Geografické vymezení Historický vtvoj východních Čech a jejich východních Cech 19 Idea a projekt výstavy kulturní specifika Uprostřed Koruny 161 Východní Čechy ve české. Gotické a raně 91 Geografie východních Čech středověku (1250-1419) renesanční umění v gotice a rané renesanci František Musilvýchodních Čech

Cossacks as a factor in Polish political disputes 1648-1649 In the years 1648-1649 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth found itself on the verge of war with the Cossacks. The uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky led to a crisis in the state. The death of Władysław IV Vasa and the defeat of the Crown troops led to serious internal disputes in the Polish-Lithuanian state. The peace party clashed with the war party in the struggle for power. Both parties exploited the Cossack problem in this dispute. The Cossacks wanted to become a subject of Polish and Lithuanian politics. For the Polish and Lithuanian magnates, they were just one of the objects of political play. The years 1648-1649 were not stable in Polish politics and the Cossacks also took advantage of this.

Book review: Aleksandra Ziober, Postawy elit Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego wobec elekcji Władysława IV Wazy i Michała Korybuta Wiśniowieckiego, Opera historica 25, 2024, Nr. 1, p. 132-134.
A review of a book by Polish historian Aleksandra Ziober, which analyses in a remarkable way the attitudes of the leading Lithuanian magnates and their decision-making before the royal elections in the 17th century.

crkva bila znatno oslabljena reformacijom. Katoličke je biskupe imenovao svetorimski car, koji je također nosio naslov ugarskog kralja. Car je bio najveći neprijatelj turskog sultana i stoga je ugarskim biskupima bio zabranjen pristup na turska područja. Nakon reformacije i turskog osvajanja je sudbina Katoličke crkve u turskoj Ugarskoj postajala sve neizvjesnija. Zbog toga je dolazak bosanskih franjevaca s Balkana izvršio snažan utjecaj na život mađarskih, hrvatskih, rumunjskih i bosanskih katolika koji su živjeli u europskim pokrajinama Osmanskog Carstva tijekom 16. i 17. stoljeća. U usporedbi s drugim katoličkim svećenicima koji su djelovali na području pod turskom vrhovnom upravom, bosanski su franjevci uspostavili daleko "intimniji" odnos s turskim vlastima. Taj specifičan odnos, koji bi Bosance povremeno naveo da progone svoje suparnike unutar katoličke crkve koristeći tursku vojnu silu, upravo je izluđivao dubrovačke, talijanske i ugarske svećenike, koji su bili njihove potencijalne žrtve. Međutim, ta je situacija davala franjevcima više prostora za manevriranje u pogledu misionarske djelatnosti. 2 Franjevci su se u Bosni pojavili krajem 13. stoljeća, sa zadatkom da se suprotstave krivovjernom nauku bosanskih "krstjana" (srodnom nauku patarena i bogumila). Papa je cjelokupan bosanski teritorij proglasio misijskim područjem, a franjevce je imenovao lokalnim inkvizitorima. Fratri su pristizali u Bosnu s raznih strana: bosanske su heretike preobraćali engleski, njemački, talijanski i aragonski franjevci, a ondje je također djelovao i čuveni inkvizitor, sv. Jakov Markijski. Za vrijeme procvata franjevačkog reda u Bosni sredinom 15. stoljeća franjevci su živjeli u šezdesetak samostana širom zemlje. Zbog popularnosti bosanskog "krstjanskog" krivovjerja, u zemlji je 179 Franjevci Bosne Srebrene kao misionari u turskoj ...

Na lijevom, sjevernom stupiću portala Trogirske katedrale, djelu majstora Radovana iz 1240. godine, više reljefa prikazuju astronomsko-astrološke motive. Među njima je prikaz čovjeka koji napada zmiju te majmun koji u jednoj ruci drži zmijski rep a u drugoj pak jabuku. Pokušava se pokazati da se radi o Heraklu koji napada zmiju čuvaricu hesperidskih jabuka. Moguće se radi o prikazu sazviježđa Herakla i Zmaja, dok bi majmun aludirao na planet Merkur.

Izvorni znanstveni rad Ivo Babić Umjetnička akademija u Splitu Ivo Babić Ignacije Macanović ( 1727-1 807) istaknuo se ne samo brojnim građevinskim za hvatima u Trogiru i drugdje u Dalmaciji, već i prostornim regulacijama. Njegova djela su u Trogiru. među ostalima , sjeverna (nova) Kopnena gradska vrata i Nova zgrada u sklopu palače Garagnin. Vjerojatno je njegovo djelo i obližnja zgrada za stražu-vojarnu (kvartir) na trgu koji je nastao između Kopnenih vrata i Nove zgrade u sklopu palače Garagnin. Cijeli taj prostor zapravo je oblikovan upravo Macanovićevim intervencijama. Kip ponad gradskih vrata prepoznaje se pak kao djelo Bonina iz Milana. Trogir je u XVII. stoljeću, u doba Kandijskog rata (1645-1669), doživio temeljite prostorne reorganizacije. Na sjevernoj strani grada pred srednjovjekovnim zidinama sagrađena su dva peterokutna bastiona (baluarda) -bastion Bernardo (sv. Ivana) i bastion Foscolo (sv. Lovre)-povezana novim zidinama (kortinama) čije je vanjske strane oplakivalo more. 1 Presjek jednog trogirskog bas-1 Sudionik tih događaja historičar Pavao Andreis potanko opisuje radove na utvrđivanju grada, popravak postojećih kula, proširenje jarka, rušenje mosta prema kopnu , uklanjanje kuća izvan zidina, posebno na kopnu ... ; spominje planove obrane grada od 23. lipnja I64 6. godine; spominje i projekt fratra inženjera Đenove ža nina Antonija Lenija; naglašava zasluge generala Leonarda Foscola koji je imenovan jednim od izvanrednih providura-usp. P. ANDREIS,

A familiar narrative around the Brussels sculptor François du Quesnoy (1597-1643), known in Rome as "il Fiammingo," goes something like this: despite being Flemish by birth, suffering various personal and professional difficulties, and producing a relatively small oeuvre, the sculptor achieved enormous success in seventeenth-century Rome. His famed putti were among the most admired and copied sculptures of the period, and works like the Saint Susanna (c. 1630, Santa Maria di Loreto) and the Saint Andrew (1633-1640, St. Peter's Basilica) earned him an esteemed place alongside his Italian contemporaries, Gianlorenzo Bernini and Alessandro Algardi. This Italian-driven narrative has largely defined the understanding of François du Quesnoy, while at the same time contributing to broader lacunae around the family of sculptors and local artistic environment in Brussels that shaped him as a young artist and thereafter.

Le 4 Novembre 1659, 10 potiers à terre demandent au Seigneur de la Palud, Louis de DEMANDOLX, le droit d’exploiter l’argile du dit terroir.
« Le 4 novembre 1659, Antoine CLERISSY , Guillaume ROUBION , Francois CHAIS, André TRONQUET , Jacques PIERRE, Honoré BERTRAND, Pierre FERRAT , Jacques ROUX , Jean et Antoine BOUSQUET , potiers de terre de Moustiers, donnent
procuration à François CHAIS, Pierre BERTRAND  et Jean BOUSQUET et leur concèdent le pouvoir de traiter avec le seigneur de La Palud  et obtenir de lui la faculté « de tirer du terrain dudit La Palud de terre servant à l'usage desdits mètres potiers durant le temps et terme de cinq ans pour et moyennant la somme qui sera entre eux accordée et soulz les pretz qui seront convenues par leurs dits procureurs et payer au temps et termes qui seront par eux prins,… et de consentir au barrement et consellation du precedant (acte) resceu par moy notère »
Le droit perçu par le seigneur était de 5 livres par an et par potier.

Source ; (Minutes de François CARBONEL notaire à Moustiers, 1659-60, f°339.Voir aussi dans les mêmes minutes 1665-6, f°44 ; 1667-8, f°222 ; 1686-90, f°1042).

Christian Mentzel, pensionierter Leibarzt des Großen Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm, hat sein Studium des Chinesischen 1682 begonnen als er bereits 60 Jahre alt war. Nichts- destotrotz nahm er sich vor, das ihm seit 1683 zugängliche, über 30.000 Zeichen umfas- sende chinesische Zeichenlexikon Zihui 字彙 (1615) ins Lateinische zu übertragen. Dieses Projekt war sowohl als Dienst für nachfolgende Forscher als auch zum Selbststudium gedacht und sollte sehr wahrscheinlich die Basis für sein anderes Großprojekt bilden, die Zusammenstellung chinesischer pharmakologischer Kenntnisse. Bereits 1685, im Jahr seines Antritts der Stelle als Kurator der Sinica-Sammlung der Kurfürstlichen Bibliothek, hat er – wie er selbst schreibt als „Vorgeschmack“ seiner Arbeiten mit chinesischen Lexika – die nur wenige Seiten umfassende Sylloge Minutiarum Lexici Latino-Sinico-Characteristici publiziert. Mentzels zentrales Wörterbuchprojekt war die materielle und intellektuelle Umarbeitung des Zihui in neun Folio-Bände, muss aber als unvollendet gelten. Als eine Art Coda seiner Beschäftigung mit dem Chinesischen erstellte Mentzel 1698 seine Clavis Sinica in mehreren handschriftlichen Kopien mit Einführungen in die Sprache und Schrift und die Ordnung chinesischer Zeichenlexika. Ein Konvolut an Notizen und Entwürfen Mentzels unter der Signatur Ms. sin. 10 erlaubt uns neue Einblicke in Mentzels Vorgehen und die Ökonomisierung seiner Arbeitsschritte für diese verschiedenen Projekte.

Just in time for the celebration of Christian Mentzel‘s 400th birthday, his Kleiner Catalogus oder Kurtzer Bericht aller Chineesischen Bücher compiled 1685, has been rediscovered in the Polish National Library in Warsaw. Following the first attempt by Eva Kraft in 1973 to identify Müller‘s ‘Einblattkat- alog’ (printed 1685) with specific titles of the libraries past and present Chinese holdings, this fortunate discovery and the department’s jubilee volume demanded a new attempt. By this, we not only take an updated look at the Chinese titles that were available at today‘s SBB-PK in the late 17th century, but also give an exemplary impression of how a library and its holdings are affected not only by war damage and relocations or other unexplained losses, but also by library processes that no longer seem sensible to us today. On the occasion of the anniversary of the East Asia Depart- ment and supported by the possibilities opened up by Ment- zel‘s Catalogus, the authors have compiled the sometimes complex relationships between Müller‘s and Mentzel‘s cata- logues and the current whereabouts of the books as far as currently known in an annotated list and attempted to illus- trate them in a chart.

La conmemoración de los trescientos años de la Guerra de Sucesión dio lugar a una eclosión de estudios sobre aquella contienda que supuso un profundo cambio en la historia de la monarquía hispánica. Guerra civil, internacional y dinástica, con unas connotaciones políticas y culturales que han llegado hasta nuestros días, la contienda sucesoria fue objeto de un sinfín de congresos, seminarios y publicaciones, incluso hasta recreaciones en determinados espacios en los que los acontecimientos bélicos tuvieron especial relevancia. Cualquier repaso historiográfico que se haga sobre ella pondrá de manifiesto la profusión de investigaciones, desde múltiples ópticas, que fluyeron durante aquellos años.

Grand plat Marseille Saint Jean du Désert. D= 55cm avec une bordure rare.
Sans doute, les armes de Mme Catherine ROZE de CARTABALAN, la femme de chambre d’Anne d’Autriche qui sera veuve le 15 novembre 1667, de Claude de LANGLÉE, Conseiller du Roi Maréchal général des Camps et Armées de sa Majesté.

The article attempts to explain the role of the now-forgotten writer Maria Horska-Szpyrkówna in the creation and publication of the so-called Tęgoborska prophecy in her book “Three Prophecies”. The prophecy, which legend claims was spoken by an unknown medium during a spiritual séance in 1893, was most likely put into literary form by the writer in March 1939. Since then, the prophecy has been repeatedly read by Poles, sparking considerable interest and emotions. The article aims to shed light on the circumstances of the prophecy’s creation and recalls Szpyrkówna’s original 1939 text, which has been modified or distorted by successive generations of readers up to the present day.

Stosunki polsko-osmańskie uległy znacznemu pogorszeniu w drugiej dekadzie XVII wieku. Główną przyczyną tego były najazdy militarne Kozaków na Imperium Osmańskie i Tatarów na Polskę. Polscy urzędnicy oskarżyli także władców Mołdawii o powstałą sytuację. W październiku 1618 roku wielki ambasador polski Piotr Ożga otrzymał instrukcje, z których wynikało, że należy zmienić władcę Mołdawii Radu Mihnię. Instrukcje te potwierdzają zaangażowanie Polaków w detronizację władców mołdawskich w tym okresie.

Polish-Ottoman relations deteriorated considerably in the second decade of the  17th century. The main reason for this was the military raids of the  Cossacks on the Ottoman Empire and the retaliatory incursions by the Tatars into Polish lands. Also, Polish officials accused the Moldavian rulers of  the  situation that arose. In October 1618, the great Polish ambassador Piotr Ożga received instructions stating that it was necessary to change the ruler of Moldavia, Radu Mihnea. These instructions confirm the involvement of the Poles in the dethronement of Moldavian rulers during this period.

U članku se ocrtava naručiteljski profil zadarskog nadbiskupa Maffea Vallaressa, njegov arhitektonski i likovni ukus te strategije ikonografskih i svjetonazorskih koncepata, čiji se obris učitava u specifičnosti složenih političkih, društvenih i kulturnih odnosa u zadarskom quattrocentu. Dva su ključna činitelja profila Vallaressove osobnosti i njegove eklezijastičke pozicije; s jedne strane on je istaknuti humanist koji u Zadru promovira uobičajene kulturne prakse, dok je s druge strane bio vrstan kanonski pravnik. Zasjevši 1451. godine na zadarsku katedru, on je oba ta habitusa projicirao u nizu naručiteljskih aktivnosti, no s vremenom su prevladale one iz domene kanonskog prava i ikonografskih strategija. To je prije svega uključivalo uređenje crkvenih odnosa između nadbiskupije i podvrgnutih joj subjekata koji su kroz kasno srednjovjekovlje stekli različite standarde financijske i organizacijske samostalnosti, ali i ulogu zadarskog
nadbiskupa u procesima podvrgavanja nekoć moćne srednjovjekovne komune novim državnim okvirima i njihovim procesima, osobito kroz transformacije semantičkih slojeva srednjovjekovnih kultova gradskih zaštitnika kojima je nadbiskup pokrovitelj kao produžena ruka državnih struktura Serenissime.

Az egykori esztergomi királyi palota, III. Béla király hagyatéka, 1249-ben került végérvényesen az esztergomi érsekek tulajdonába IV. Bélának köszönhetően. Habár a szóban forgó események fő színtere nem itt játszódott, hanem Egerben, annak egy fontos epizódjára éppen ezen épület termeiben került sor 1317-ben, messze túlmutatva egy püspök és káptalanja viszályán. A középkori magyar főpapság történetének feltárása, akár életrajzi, 1 akár összehasonlító elemzés révén 2 nagy múltra tekint vissza a magyar középkorkutatásban. 3 A 13-14. századi egri püspökök történetéről Sugár István csaknem négy évtizedes munkáját emelhetjük ki. 4 Az egri káptalan történetével foglalkozó szakmunkák vagy az intézmény hiteleshelyi tevékenységére, vagy egy adott időszakra (a 13. századra) fókuszáltak, 5 mindemellett hiányzik az Anjou-kort 1

Title: Gesina ter Borch
Author: Adam Eaker
Series: Illuminating Women Artists
Publisher: Lund Humphries / Getty Publications

Gesina ter Borch (1631-1690) was a Dutch watercolourist and draughtswoman whose work survives primarily in the form of three albums of watercolours and calligraphy, now held at the Rijksmuseum. Despite the fact that her oeuvre is securely attributed and thoroughly catalogued, Ter Borch has surprisingly never been the subject of a dedicated monograph, until now. For the first time, this book highlights Ter Borch’s watercolours and calligraphy in their own right, as well as her work as an art teacher, an archivist, and an artist’s model, and questions a historiography of women’s art that frequently values oil painting over other media, and work for the market over 'amateur' production.

Adam Eaker revisits Gesina ter Borch’s role in the genesis of Dutch 'high-life' genre painting and its construction of gender and social class, comparing her art with that of her brother Gerard, and in so doing allows for a more nuanced understanding of the ideologies and achievements of Dutch genre painting.

https://www.lundhumphries.com/products/gesina-ter-borch

Se trata de analizar la Escuela Libre de Sargadelos como proyecto experimental del ámbito artístico-educativo que se desarrolló, conjuntamente, entre el Departamento de Tecnología y el de Comunicación del Laboratorio de Formas. Este análisis se realiza a través del archivo documental que hemos recopilado: los informes que relatan las experiencias de la escuela libre en el período 1972-1995, fotografías y parte de los fondos de Isaac Díaz Pardo custodiados en la Cidade da Cultura (Santiago de Compostela). Los informes de los Encuentros Estivales, bajo el nombre de Cuadernos del Seminario de Estudios Cerámicos de Sargadelos (en adelante SEC Sargadelos) constituyen, hoy en día, documentos de gran valor investigador que dan cuenta de la evolución del tiempo, describiendo las influencias teóricas y las propuestas artísticas y educativas desarrolladas. Si bien es cierto que existen múltiples estudios científicos sobre la actividad artística, cultural e industrial de Sargadelos, apenas se ha estudiado en profundidad la parte pedagógica e innovadora de la Escuela Libre. Estos encuentros constituyen una escuela experimental contemporánea como proyecto transgresor de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El objetivo de esta investigación es recuperar todos los informes y analizarlos tanto en su contenido conceptual como visual, cuya hipótesis de partida: ¿es posible conceptualizar las experiencias de la Escuela Libre como proyecto pedagógico experimental, único en el mundo, siendo un referente internacional para una educación artística de calidad hoy en día?

The publication describes the discovery of gold coins at the  fortress of Novhorod-Siverskyi. Five gold coins were found: the oldest is a Venetian ducat from the 14th century, while the others are Dutch coins dated 1601, 1636, 1639, and 1643. The coins were discovered alongside human remains. The skeleton was found at the bottom of a 17th-century pit (possibly a storage cellar). The circumstances of the find indicate that the deceased was buried without any formal burial rite.
According to anthropological research, the remains belonged to a man aged 40–50 of Turkic anthropological type. Distinctive pathological changes on the bones suggest he was a professional warrior and horseman. Evidence of cuts from a cold weapon, inflicted immediately before death, was also identified. It appears that the man was killed. The coins were most likely concealed in his clothing and represented his personal savings.